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Ch. 4 - Chemical Bonding:
Understanding Climate Change
Chapter Outline
 4.1 Types of Chemical Bonds
 4.2 Naming Compounds and Writing
Formulas
 4.3 Lewis Structures
 4.4 Electronegativity, Unequal Sharing,
and Polar Bonds
 4.5 Vibrating Bonds and the Greenhouse Effect
 4.6 Resonance
 4.7 Formal Charge: Choosing among Lewis Structures
 4.8 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
 4.8 The Lengths and Strengths of Covalent Bonds
Chemical Bonds
Types of Chemical Bonds
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent

Types of chemical bonds:
•
•
•
Ionic Bonds
∝
Ionic Bond – electrons transferred: chemical
bond resulting from the electrostatic
attraction of a cation for an anion.
Covalent Bond – chemical bond that results
from a sharing of outermost electrons.
Metallic Bond – chemical bond consisting of
the nuclei of metal atoms surrounded by a
“sea” of shared electrons.
Sample Exercise 4.1: Calculating the
electrostatic Potential Energy of an Ionic Bond
What is the electrostatic potential energy (Eel) of the
ionic bond between a potassium ion and a chloride ion?
2.31 10
∙
1
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Covalent Bonds
Lattice Energy (U)
• The energy released when
one mole of an ionic
compound forms from its free
ions in the gas phase.
H2
∝
• As charges increase, so does the
lattice energy
• As the distance between ions
decreases, the lattice energy
increases
Metallic Bonds
Bond Type Summary
Cu = [Ar]3d104s1
 

3d10



4s1
2