Fire Performance Evaluation of
Nominal K=5.6 Ceiling Sprinklers For Protecting
8-Ft. High Storage of
Paper Files in Compact Mobile Shelving
Under a 10-Ft. Ceiling
Technical Report
Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
Project 07CA64050, NC5756
for the
Fire Protection Research Foundation
April 25, 2008
Copyright © 2008, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
NC5756
07CA64050
Issued: 04/25/2008
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A series of five (5) bench-scale and two (2) large-scale fire tests was conducted to develop data
regarding the level of protection provided by nominal K-5.6 (gpm/psi ½) pendent, quick response
ceiling sprinklers in protecting an arrangement of paper in standard manila paperboard folders
stored in moveable compact mobile shelving units to a nominal height of 8- ft.
Bench-scale testing consisted of a single 36-in x 24-in x 9.75-in sheet metal shelf loaded with
varying densities of commodity. A total of five bench-scale fire tests were conducted on a load
cell beneath a calorimeter where total heat release rate was measured over the course of each
test. Based on the results of these bench-scale tests, the project consulting engineers determined
that a 70% loading density by volume would be used as the basis for both large-scale fire tests.
The tests were conducted under a 10- ft high ceiling with 155°F pendent ceiling sprinklers
installed on 15 by 15-ft. spacing with the deflectors positioned 8- in. below the ceiling. The first
large-scale test was conducted with the moveable compact mobile shelving units in the open
position, including a 3- ft. center aisle. The second large-scale test was conducted with the
moveable compact mobile shelving units in the closed position, and included full- height
longitudinal sheet metal barriers in two of the four 24- in deep moveable shelving units.
For both large-scale tests, the ceiling sprinkler system was supplied with water resulting in a
nominal sprinkler discharge density of 0.10 gpm/ft2 . The ignition location for each of the two
tests was located between four sprinklers.
The large-scale fire tests utilized both moveable and fixed compact shelf units. The individual
shelving fixtures in the moving units of the systems were nominally 3- ft wide, 2- ft deep, and 8- ft
tall. Vertical transverse sheet metal barriers were provided between each of the five (5) storage
bays at 3- ft. intervals. There were eight (8) shelf levels positioned with a nominal vertical
spacing of 8, 18.5, 29, 39.5, 50, 60.5, 71, 81.5 and 95-in. from the floor. There were five (5)
shelf fixtures in each row with a total length of 15- ft.
For the first large-scale fire test, an open shelving arrangement was used consisting of six
compact shelf units. Five of the compact shelf units were moveable. Four of the moveable units
were approximately 24-in. deep and one moveable unit was approximately 12- in. deep. The
sixth compact shelf unit was fixed and approximately 12- in. deep. The compact shelf
configuration was open with a 36-in aisle space provided in the center of the array. No
longitudinal barriers were provided. The target arrangement consisted of cardboard fixed to
upright structures. The paper- faced cardboard was positioned across a 36- in. aisle space on the
north, south, east and west sides of the compact shelving array. The cardboard affixed to the
target assembly spanned 16- ft. long x 8- ft high.
The first large-scale fire test was conducted for 90 minutes (90:00) as requested by the project
consulting engineers. A total of thirteen (13) ceiling sprinklers operated during the 90-minute
test period. The fire in Test 1 propagated to the east, west and south ends of the main shelving
array. However, the fire was contained within the main shelving units and did not spread to the
adjacent targets.
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For the second large-scale fire test, a closed shelving arrangement was used consisting of five
moveable compact shelf units in the main array and one fixed compact unit as a target. Four of
the moveable units were approximately 24- in. deep and one unit was approximately 12- in. deep.
Full height longitudinal sheet metal barriers were installed in two of the four 24- in deep
moveable units. The sixth compact shelf unit was a target which consisted of a 12- in. deep
compact shelving unit positioned across a 36-in aisle on the north side, filled to the same
capacity of the main shelving array. Cardboard fixed to upright structures were also placed
across a 36- in. aisle space on the south, east and west sides of the compact shelving array. The
cardboard target assemblies spanned 16- ft. long x 8- ft. high.
The second large-scale fire test was conducted for 82 minutes (82:00) as requested by the project
consulting engineers. A total of four (4) ceiling sprinklers operated during the 82-minute test
period. The fire in Test 2 propagated to the east and west ends of the array, but was generally
limited to the area between the full- height longitudinal sheet metal barriers. The fire was
contained within the main shelving units and did not spread to the adjacent target arrays.
A summary of the parameters and results is presented in Table E1.
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FIRE TEST DATE
Test Code
01/11/2008
01110802
01/18/2008
01180802
Compact Mobile Shelving
Compact Mobile Shelving
Parameters
Storage Type
Shelving Array Configuration
Open
Closed
Commodity Type
Paper in manila folders with 70%
loading density
Paper in manila folders with 70%
loading density
Nominal Storage Height (ft)
8
8
Nominal Ceiling Height (ft)
10
10
Deflector Clearance to Storage (in)
18
18
Aisle Width (in.)
36
36
Shelf Type
Solid Steel
Solid Steel
Longitudinal Barrier
None
Solid Steel
Transverse Barrier
Solid Steel
Solid Steel
Nominal Shelf Depth (in.)
24
24
Ignition Location Beneath Walkway Sprinklers
Between 4 Sprinklers
Between 4 Sprinklers
Ceiling Sprinkler Temperature Rating °F
155
155
Deflector to Ceiling (in)
8
8
Nominal Ceiling Sprinkler Discharge Coefficient K (gpm/psi ½)
5.6
5.6
Nominal Ceiling Sprinkler Discharge Pressure (psi)
16.1
16.1
2
Nominal Ceiling Sprinkler Discharge Density (gpm/ft )
0.10
0.10
Ceiling Sprinkler Spacing (ft x ft)
15 x 15
15 x 15
Ambient Outdoor Temperature (°F)
35.4
21.7
Length of Test (min:s)
90
82
First Ceiling Sprinkler Operation (min:s)
36:09
81:11
Last Ceiling Sprinkler Operation (min:s)
85:58
81:51
Number of Operated Ceiling Sprinklers
13
4
Peak Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition °F
1551
1585
Maximum 1 Minute Average Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above
Ignition °F
1460
1560
Peak Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition °F
1063
928
Maximum 1 Minute Average Steel Temperature Above Ignition °F
902
846
Fire Spread Across Aisle
Yes
No
Fire Spread To the Ends of the Array
Yes
Yes
Fire Spread to Target
No
No
Results
Table E1 – Summary of Test Parameters and Results
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NOTE
This Report was prepared as an account of a test sponsored by and under the direction of the Fire
Protection Research Foundation. In no event shall UL be responsible for whatever use or nonuse
is made of the information contained in this Report and in no event shall UL, its employees, or
its agents incur any obligation or liability for damages arising out of or in connection with the
use, or the inability to use, information contained in this Report.
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Table Of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 7
1
TEST FACILITY.................................................................................................................. 7
2
EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION ..................................................................... 8
2.1
2.2
2.3
3
8
8
9
TEST ARRANGEMENT ................................................................................................... 12
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
4
BENCH-SCALE INSTRUMENTATION
CEILING SPRINKLER SYSTEMS (LARGE -SCALE TESTS ONLY )
LARGE -SCALE INSTRUMENTATION
BENCH-SCALE TESTING AND RESULTS
LARGE -SCALE TESTING
Test 1
Test 2
TEST METHOD – LARGE - SCALE TESTS 1 AND 2
TEST RESULTS
Test 1
Test 2
12
15
15
18
21
25
25
25
SUMMARY......................................................................................................................... 46
APPENDIX A ................................................................................................................................ 1
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF
HEAT RELEASE RATE DATA FOR
BENCH-SCALE TESTING
1
1
1
APPENDIX B ................................................................................................................................ 1
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF
TEMPERATURES AND W ATERFLOW - TEST 1
1
1
APPENDIX C ................................................................................................................................ 1
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF
TEMPERATURES AND W ATERFLOW - TEST 2
1
1
List of Tables
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
SPRINKLER W ATER SUPPLY PARAMETERS ........................................................................................................ 8
BENCH-SCALE TEST PARAMETERS AND RESULTS.......................................................................................... 12
SUMMARY OF TEST PARAMETERS AND RESULTS........................................................................................... 27
Table Of Figures
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 10
TEST FACILITY ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
NOMINAL K=5.6 PENDENT SPRINKLER.............................................................................................................. 9
SPRINKLER AND INSTRUMENTATION LOCATIONS........................................................................................... 11
BENCH-SCALE TEST A RRANGEMENT – ELEVATION VIEW............................................................................ 13
BENCH-SCALE TEST A RRANGEMENT – PLAN VIEW....................................................................................... 13
BENCH-SCALE TEST A RRANGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 14
PLAN VIEW – TEST 1........................................................................................................................................... 16
PLAN VIEW DETAIL – TEST 1............................................................................................................................. 17
EAST / WEST ELEVATION VIEW – TEST 1........................................................................................................ 18
PLAN VIEW – TEST 2........................................................................................................................................... 19
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FIGURE 11
FIGURE 12
FIGURE 13
FIGURE 14
FIGURE 15
FIGURE 16
FIGURE 17
FIGURE 18
FIGURE 19
FIGURE 20
FIGURE 21
FIGURE 22
FIGURE 23
FIGURE 24
FIGURE 25
FIGURE 26
FIGURE 27
FIGURE 28
FIGURE 29
FIGURE 30
FIGURE 31
FIGURE 32
FIGURE 33
FIGURE 34
FIGURE 35
FIGURE 36
FIGURE 37
FIGURE 38
FIGURE 39
FIGURE 40
FIGURE 41
FIGURE 42
FIGURE 43
Issued: 04/25/2008
PLAN VIEW DETAIL – TEST 2............................................................................................................................. 20
EAST ELEVATION VIEW – TEST 2...................................................................................................................... 21
TEST SET -UP PHOTOS - TEST 1.......................................................................................................................... 22
TEST SET -UP PHOTOS - TEST 1.......................................................................................................................... 23
TEST SET -UP PHOTOS - TEST 2.......................................................................................................................... 24
EXTENT OF FIRE SPREAD – TEST 1 PLAN VIEW .............................................................................................. 28
SPRINKLER OPERATIONS – TEST 1.................................................................................................................... 29
RACK ORIENTATION FOR DAMAGE A SSESSSMENT VIEWS – TEST 1............................................................ 30
DAMAGE – TEST 1, UNIT A................................................................................................................................ 30
DAMAGE - TEST 1, UNIT B................................................................................................................................. 31
DAMAGE - TEST 1, UNIT C................................................................................................................................. 31
DAMAGE – TEST 1, UNIT D................................................................................................................................ 32
DAMAGE - TEST 1, UNIT E................................................................................................................................. 32
DAMAGE - TEST 1, UNIT F ................................................................................................................................. 33
DAMAGE - TEST 1, UNIT G................................................................................................................................. 33
DAMAGE - TEST 1, UNIT H................................................................................................................................. 34
DAMAGE - TEST 1, UNIT I .................................................................................................................................. 34
DAMAGE - TEST 1, UNIT J.................................................................................................................................. 35
POST TEST PHOTOS – TEST 1 ............................................................................................................................. 36
EXTENT OF FIRE SPREAD – TEST 2 PLAN VIEW .............................................................................................. 37
SPRINKLER OPERATIONS – TEST 2.................................................................................................................... 38
RACK ORIENTATION FOR DAMAGE A SSESSSMENT VIEWS – TEST 2............................................................ 39
DAMAGE – TEST 2, UNIT A................................................................................................................................ 39
DAMAGE - TEST 2, UNIT B................................................................................................................................. 40
DAMAGE - TEST 2, UNIT C................................................................................................................................. 40
DAMAGE – TEST 2, UNIT D................................................................................................................................ 41
DAMAGE - TEST 2, UNIT E................................................................................................................................. 41
DAMAGE - TEST 2, UNIT F ................................................................................................................................. 42
DAMAGE - TEST 2, UNIT G................................................................................................................................. 42
DAMAGE - TEST 2, UNIT H................................................................................................................................. 43
DAMAGE - TEST 2, UNIT I .................................................................................................................................. 43
DAMAGE - TEST 2, UNIT J.................................................................................................................................. 44
POST TEST PHOTOS – TEST 2 ............................................................................................................................. 45
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INTRODUCTION
This Test Report describes the Special Service Investigation conducted for the Fire Protection
Research Foundation to develop fire test data relative to the level of protection provided for a fire
scenario involving a compact mobile shelving arrangement of paper in manila folders.
1
TEST FACILITY
The fire tests were conducted in Underwriters Laboratories Inc.’s large-scale fire test facility
located in Northbrook, Illinois. The large-scale fire test building used for this investigation
includes four fire test areas that are used to develop data on the fire growth and fire suppression
characteristics of commodities, as well as the fire suppression characteristics of automatic water
sprinkler systems. A schematic of the test facility is shown in Figure 1Figure 1.
ADD Test Facility
Large Scale
Fire Test Facility
Heat Release Calorimeter & RDD
PDPA Test Facility
Conditioning
Room
Warehouse
Figure 1
Test Facility
The fire tests were conducted in a 120 by 120 by 54- ft. high room fitted with an adjustable height
ceiling. The ceiling was positioned 10- ft above the floor. The test room was equipped with an
exhaust system including a regenerative thermal oxidizing (RTO) smoke abatement system. The
test cell was heated prior to ignition to approximately 70 °F. Ambient temperature outside
make-up air at approximately 60,000 cfm was provided through four inlet ducts positioned along
the walls of the test facility after first sprinkler operation. Prior to first sprinkler operation,
ambient temperature outside make-up air was drawn in through the ducts at approximately
30,000 cfm.
The floor of the test facility was smooth, flat and surrounded with a grated drainage trench to
insure adequate drainage from the test area. The water runoff from the suppression system drain
was collected through a 180,000-gallon water treatment system.
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EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
Bench-Scale Instrumentation
The instrumentation used in the bench-scale fire testing consisted of the following devices:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2.2
Three (3) 1/16- in. diameter, Type K inconel sheathed thermocouples attached to the shelving
exterior to obtain shelf temperatures
Three(3) 1/16- in. diameter, Type K inconel sheathed thermocouples positioned within the
shelving to obtain gas temperatures
Two (2) Radiometers
Moisture meter to measure the commodity moisture content of the fuel package
Weigh-scale in the appropriate range
Electronic data acquisition system at a two-second-scan rate to obtain the oxygen
consumption, temperature, and heat flux data
Video and still cameras to capture and record images of the fire test
Stopwatches and timing devices located within the data acquisition system were used to
monitor and record significant events during the fire tests
Ceiling Sprinkler Systems (large-scale tests only)
Thirty-six (36) quick-response standard spray pendent style sprinklers having a 155° F
temperature rating and a nominal flow coefficient (K) of 5.6 gpm/psi1/2 were installed on 15-x
15-ft. spacing in a closed head, wet pipe, automatic sprinkler system at the ceiling level. The
sprinklers were supplied through a looped piping system consisting of 2 ½- in. diameter branch
lines. The sprinklers were positioned with the distance between the deflector and ceiling
measured to be 8- in.
The water supply to the ceiling sprinklers was controlled to achieve the parameters shown in
Table 1.
Close- up photos of the sprinklers used in this test are shown in Figure 2. A plan view of the
sprinkler and instrumentation layout is shown in Figure 3.
Table 1
Sprinkler Location
Ceiling
Sprinkler Water Supply Parameters
Nominal flow per
sprinkler (gpm)
22.5
8
Nominal pressure at
sprinkler (psig)
16.1
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Figure 2
2.3
Nominal K=5.6 Pendent Sprinkler
Large-Scale Instrumentation
The instrumentation used in the testing consisted of the following devices:
• Thirty-six (36) 1/16- in. diameter, Type K inconel sheathed thermocouples located below the
ceiling adjacent to each sprinkler.
• Thirty-two (32) 1/16- in. diameter, Type K inconel sheathed thermocouples located below the
ceiling on 3 concentric rings about the center of the ceiling.
• 1/16-in. diameter, Type K inconel sheathed thermocouple located 6- in. below the ceiling
above the ignition location.
• Five 1/16- in. diameter, Type K inconel sheathed thermocouples embedded in a 50.5- in. long
steel angle attached to the bottom of the ceiling directly above the fire.
• A pressure transducer in a 0-100 psi range will be used to measure the water pressure in the
sprinkler system.
• A 12-in. magnetic flow meter in the 0-3200 gpm range will be used to measure the water
flow rate.
• Stopwatches and timing devices located within the data acquisition system will be used to
monitor and record significant events during the fire test.
• Moisture meter to measure the commodity moisture content of the fuel package.
• Video and Infrared cameras will be used to capture and record images of the fire test.
• Electronic data acquisition system with a one-second-scan rate to obtain the data generated.
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Five 1/16- in. diameter, Type K inconel sheathed thermocouples attached to the shelving to
obtain shelf temperatures.
Five 1/16- in. diameter, Type K inconel sheathed thermocouples were positioned within the
shelving to obtain gas temperatures.
In Test 1, thermocouples were located as follows (also see Appendix B):
1. Steel shelf directly above ignition (Unit E – Figure 18)
2. Air temperature directly above ignition (Unit E – Figure 18)
3. Steel upright barrier 1-bay west of ignition (Unit E – Figure 18)
4. Air temperature opposite ignition, across aisle (Unit F – Figure 18)
5. Air temperature in 2nd shelf above ignition (Unit E – Figure 18)
6. Air temperature in top shelf above ignition (Unit E – Figure 18)
7. Air temperature in top shelf 1-bay west of ignition (Unit E – Figure 18)
8. Air temperature in top shelf 1-bay east of ignition (Unit E – Figure 18)
9. Air temperature in top shelf 1-bay south of ignition (Unit D – Figure 18)
10. Air temperature in top shelf 2-bays south of ignition (Unit C – Figure 18)
In Test 2, thermocouples were located as follows (also see Appendix C):
1. Air temperature in the 8th level flue space (Unit s A-B – Figure 32)
2. Steel upright barrier at the 8th level (Unit B – Figure 32)
3. Steel upright barrier at the 8th level (Unit C – Figure 32)
4. Air temperature in the 8th level flue space (Units C-D – Figure 32)
5. Steel shelf directly above ignition (Unit E – Figure 32)
6. Steel upright barrier at the 1st level (Unit F – Figure 32)
7. Air temperature in the 8th level flue space (Units E-F – Figure 32)
8. Air temperature in the 8th level flue space (Units G-H – Figure 32)
9. Steel upright barrier at the 1st level (Unit G – Figure 32)
10. Air temperature in the 1st level flue space (Units A-B – Figure 32)
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Figure 3
Sprinkler and Instrumentation Locations
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TEST ARRANGEMENT
3.1
Bench-Scale Testing and Results
Bench-scale testing was conducted beneath a 500-kW rated product calorimeter in a test room
measuring 50- ft. x 15-ft. x 15-ft. (l x w x h) with a 12.75-ft. x 12.75-ft. square-shaped collection
hood located centrally in the room approximately 7- ft. above the floor. Collected combustion
products are exhausted by way of a 24- in. x 24- in. plenum into an 18- in. diameter exhaust duct
for data measurement.
Bench-scale testing consisted of a single 36-in x 24-in x 9.75-in sheet metal shelf loaded with
varying densities of commodity. A total of six (6) vertical sheet metal dividers approximately 9in. long x 6- in. high were attached to the shelf to evenly space the folders. The shelf enclosure
was insulated on the top with a single thickness of Cerawool refractory blanket. The stored
commodity consisted of sheet paper in common manila paperboard folders. Stored commodity
loading was based on sheet count, folder count, and weight. Ignition was accomplished using a
one-quarter standard igniter constructed from a 1.5-in. diameter by 3- in. long cellulosic bundle
soaked with two fluid ounces of gasoline and wrapped in a polyethylene bag.
Fire tests with a loading density of 100% were conducted twice to confirm baseline weight and
folder count, and the loading arrangement ignition location was similar in both tests. Fire tests
with a loading density of 70% were conducted twice to gather additional heat release data. In the
first 70% loading test, 110 folders were evenly spaced back to back within the 24-in. deep shelf.
In the second 70% loading test, the 110 folders were not evenly spaced but were more loosely
loaded in the ignition area.
With the test commodity samples loaded in the shelf assembly and positioned under the products
collector with video and data collection operating, ignition was accomplished and the fire was
allowed to burn freely until the fuel was either consumed or no longer sustained combustion.
The bench-scale test parameters and results are presented in Table 2.
Test Load Density
No.
(%)
Moisture Initial Weight Weight Loss
Test Duration
Folder Count
Content (%)
(lbs)
(lbs)
(min)
Peak HRR
(kW)
1
100
5.6
169.2
0.5
153
60
1.3
2
70
5.6
118.4
16.6
110
60
16.5
3
85
5.6
143.1
5
128
30
8.9
4
100
5.4
168.6
0.2
153
40
7.4
5
70
5.4
118.3
22.4
110
78
38.4
Note: All folders contained an average of 110 sheets of standard 8.5-in x 11- in plain white paper
Table 2
Bench-Scale Test Parameters and Results
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A diagram of the bench-scale she lf mockup and photos of the fire test arrangement are shown in
Figures 4, 5 and 6.
Figure 4
Figure 5
Bench-Scale Test Arrangement – Elevation View
Bench-Scale Test Arrangement – Plan View
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Figure 6
Bench-Scale Test Arrangement
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3.2
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Large-Scale Testing
The large-scale fire tests utilized both moveable and fixed units. The moveable units were
assembled on a carriage rail system which was attached to the test room floor. The individual
shelving fixtures in the moveable units were nominally 3- ft wide, 2- ft deep, and 8-ft tall.
Vertical transverse sheet metal barriers were provided between each of the five (5) storage bays
at 3-ft. intervals. There were eight (8) shelf levels positioned with a nominal vertical spacing of
8, 18.5, 29, 39.5, 50, 60.5, 71, 81.5 and 95-in. from the floor. There were five (5) shelf fixtures
in each row with a total length of 15- ft.
Based on the results of the bench-scale tests, the project consulting engineers determined that a
loading density of 70% would be used for both large-scale tests. This loading density included
56 folders per 12- in. x 36-in. loading bay, with the folders evenly spaced by partial vertical
dividers. There was a nominal 2-in. clear space between the top of the folders and the bottom of
the next shelf above the folders.
3.2.1
Test 1
For the first large-scale fire test, an open shelving arrangement was used consisting of six
compact shelf units. Five of the compact shelf units were moveable. Four of the moveable units
were approximately 24-in. deep and one moveable unit was approximately 12- in. deep. The
sixth compact shelf unit was fixed and approximately 12- in. deep. The compact shelf
configuration was open with a 36- in aisle space provided in the center of the array. A nominal 1in. flue space was maintained between each shelving unit. No longitudinal barriers were
provided. The target arrangement consisted of cardboard fixed to upright structures. The paperfaced cardboard was positioned across a 36- in. aisle space on the north, south, east and west
sides of the compact shelving array. The cardboard affixed to the target assembly spanned 16-ft.
long x 8- ft high.
The individual shelving unit bays were nominally 36-in wide, 10.5- in high and 24- in deep. At
the center of each 24- in deep bay, a 4.75- in tall sheet metal divider was located as a backing
device and vertical divider support. A total of six (6) vertical sheet metal dividers approximately
9-in. long x 6- in. high were attached to each 36- in wide, 10.5- in high and 24-in deep shelf bay to
evenly space the folders. A total of three (3) vertical sheet metal dividers approximately 9-in.
long x 6- in. high were attached to each 36- in wide, 10.5- in high and 12- in deep shelf bay.
The arrangement is shown in Figures 7,8 and 9. Photos of the arrangement are shown in Figures
13 and 14.
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Figure 7
Plan View – Test 1
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Figure 8
Plan View Detail – Test 1
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TEST Code: 01110802
Main Array from East
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 9
3.2.2
East / West Elevation View – Test 1
Test 2
For the second large-scale fire test, a closed shelving arrangement was used consisting of five
moveable compact shelf units in the main array and one fixed compact unit as a target. Four of
the moveable units were approximately 24- in. deep and one unit was approximately 12- in. deep.
Full height longitudinal sheet metal barriers were installed in two of the four 24- in deep
moveable units. The sixth compact shelf unit was a target which consisted of a 12- in. deep
compact shelving unit positioned across a 36-in aisle on the north side, filled to the same
capacity of the main shelving array. A nominal 1-in. flue space was maintained between each
shelving unit. Cardboard fixed to upright structures was also placed across a 36- in. aisle space
on the south, east and west sides of the compact shelving array. The cardboard target assemblies
spanned 16- ft. long x 8- ft. high.
The individual shelving unit bays were nominally 36-in wide, 10.5- in high and 24- in deep. At
the center of each 24- in deep bay, a 4.75- in tall sheet metal divider was located as a backing
device and vertical divider support. A total of six (6) vertical sheet metal dividers approximately
9-in. long x 6- in. high were attached to each 36- in wide, 10.5- in high and 24-in deep shelf bay to
evenly space the folders. A total of three (3) vertical sheet metal dividers approximately 9-in.
long x 6- in. high were attached to each 36- in wide, 10.5- in high and 12- in deep shelf bay.
The arrangement is shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12. Photos of the arrangement are shown in
Figure 15.
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Figure 10
Plan View – Test 2
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Figure 11
Plan View Detail – Test 2
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TEST Code: 01180802
Main Array from East
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 12
3.3
East Elevation View – Test 2
Test Method – Large-Scale Tests 1 and 2
The nominal 8-ft. high storage array was positioned under a 10-ft. ceiling. The distance from the
top of the commodity to the sprinkler deflector was 18- in.
Thirty-six upright, nominal K=5.6 ceiling sprinklers were installed on a 15 by 15- ft. spacing for
this test. The moveable compact mobile shelving array was assembled between four sprinklers
such that the ignition location for each of the two tests, at the base of storage, was located
between four sprinklers.
The ceiling sprinkler system was supplied with water resulting in a nominal sprinkler discharge
density of 0.10 gpm/ft 2 .
Ignition was accomplished using one standard igniter constructed from a 3- in. diameter by 6-in.
long cellulosic bundle soaked with 8 oz. of gasoline and wrapped in a polyethylene bag. The
igniter was located on the base of the south side shelf (Rack E in Figures 18 and 32), within a
storage folder. The ignition location was centered between four (4) ceiling sprinklers.
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Shelf Setup
Carriage Arrangement
Carriage Arrangement
Shelf Detail
Shelf Detail
Figure 13
Loading Detail
Test Set-Up Photos - Test 1
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Ignitor
Figure 14
Final Test Arrangement
Test Set-Up Photos - Test 1
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Divider Detail
Barrier Detail
Shelf Detail
Shelf / Carriage Detail
Loading Detail
Final Test Arrangement
Figure 15
Test Set-Up Photos - Test 2
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3.4
3.4.1
Issued: 04/25/2008
Test Results
Test 1
The test was conducted for 90 minutes (90:00). A total of eight (13) ceiling sprinklers operated
during the 90- minute test period. The first sprinkler activated at thirty-six minutes nine seconds
(36:09) after ignition and the last sprinkler operated at eighty-five minutes fifty-eight seconds
(85:58) after ignition.
A combination photoelectric / ionization type smoke detector was located at the ceiling leve l
directly above ignition. The detector activated at 0 minutes 44 seconds (00:44) after ignition.
Visible flaming was noted at the top level of storage at approximately ten minutes (10:00) after
ignition. Flame travel was noted across the ignition aisle at approximately fifty-our minutes
(54:00) after ignition.
The fire in Test 1 propagated to the east, west and south ends of the main shelving array. The fire
was contained within the main shelving units and did not spread to the adjacent target arrays.
The maximum one- minute average steel beam temperature measured above ignition was 902 ºF
and the maximum one-minute average gas temperature measured above ignition was 1460 ºF.
A plan view of the extent of fire is presented in Figure 16 and sprinkler operation times in Figure
17. The test assembly orientation is shown in Figure 18. Elevation views of the extent of fire
spread and damage are shown in Figures 19 through 28. Post-test photos are presented in Figure
29. Tabulated test results are presented in Table 3. Temperature data vs. time charts are
presented in Appendix B.
3.4.2
Test 2
The second large-scale fire test was conducted for 82 minutes (82:00). A total of four (4) ceiling
sprinklers operated during the 82- minute test period. The first sprinkler activated at eighty-one
minutes eleven seconds (81:11) after ignition and the last sprinkler operated at eighty-one
minutes fifty-one seconds (81:51) after ignition.
A combination photoelectric / ionization type smoke detector was located at the ceiling level
directly above ignition. The detector activated at 1 minute 52 seconds (01:52) after ignition.
Visible flaming was noted at the top level of storage at approximately five minutes thirty seconds
(05:30) after ignition.
The fire in Test 2 propagated to the east and west ends of the array, but was generally limited to
the area between the full- height longitudinal sheet metal barriers. The fire was contained within
the main shelving units and did not spread to the adjacent target arrays. The maximum oneminute average steel beam temperature measured above ignition was 846 ºF and the maximum
one- minute average gas temperature measured above ignition was 1560 ºF.
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A plan view of the extent of fire is presented in Figure 30 and sprinkler operation times in Figure
31. The test assembly orientation is shown in Figure 32. Elevation views of the extent of fire
spread and damage are shown in Figures 33 through 42. Post-test photos are presented in Figure
43. Tabulated test results are presented in Table 3. Temperature data vs. time charts are
presented in Appendix C.
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FIRE TEST DATE
Test Code
01/11/2008
01110802
01/18/2008
01180802
Compact Mobile Shelving
Compact Mobile Shelving
Parameters
Storage Type
Shelving Array Configuration
Open
Closed
Commodity Type
Paper in manila folders with 70%
loading density
Paper in manila folders with 70%
loading density
Nominal Storage Height (ft)
8
8
Nominal Ceiling Height (ft)
10
10
Deflector Clearance to Storage (in)
18
18
Aisle Width (in.)
36
36
Shelf Type
Solid Steel
Solid Steel
Longitudinal Barrier
None
Solid Steel
Transverse Barrier
Solid Steel
Solid Steel
Nominal Shelf Depth (in.)
24
24
Ignition Location Beneath Walkway Sprinklers
Between 4 Sprinklers
Between 4 Sprinklers
Ceiling Sprinkler Temperature Rating °F
155
155
Deflector to Ceiling (in)
8
8
Nominal Ceiling Sprinkler Discharge Coefficient K (gpm/psi ½)
5.6
5.6
Nominal Ceiling Sprinkler Discharge Pressure (psi)
16.1
16.1
2
Nominal Ceiling Sprinkler Discharge Density (gpm/ft )
0.10
0.10
Ceiling Sprinkler Spacing (ft x ft)
15 x 15
15 x 15
Ambient Outdoor Temperature (°F)
35.4
21.7
Length of Test (min:s)
90
82
First Ceiling Sprinkler Operation (min:s)
36:09
81:11
Last Ceiling Sprinkler Operation (min:s)
85:58
81:51
Number of Operated Ceiling Sprinklers
13
4
Peak Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition °F
1551
1585
Maximum 1 Minute Average Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above
Ignition °F
1460
1560
Peak Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition °F
1063
928
Maximum 1 Minute Average Steel Temperature Above Ignition °F
902
846
Fire Spread Across Aisle
Yes
No
Fire Spread To the Ends of the Array
Yes
Yes
Fire Spread to Target
No
No
Results
Table 3
Summary of Test Parameters and Results
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Figure 16
Extent of Fire Spread – Test 1 Plan View
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Figure 17
Sprinkler Operations – Test 1
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TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment Orientation
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 18
Rack Orientation for Damage Assesssment Views – Test 1
TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment - Unit A
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 19
Damage – Test 1, Unit A
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TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment - Unit B
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 20
Damage - Test 1, Unit B
TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment - Unit C
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 21
Damage - Test 1, Unit C
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TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment - Unit D
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 22
Damage – Test 1, Unit D
TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment - Unit E
Ignition Aisle
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 23
Damage - Test 1, Unit E
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TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment - Unit F
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 24
Damage - Test 1, Unit F
TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment - Unit G
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 25
Damage - Test 1, Unit G
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TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment - Unit H
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 26
Damage - Test 1, Unit H
TEST Code: 01110802
Damage Assessment - Unit I
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 27
Damage - Test 1, Unit I
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Damage Assessment - Unit J
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 28
Damage - Test 1, Unit J
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Ignition Aisle
Aisle Opposite Ignition
Aisle “A”
Aisle “J”
Overhead from NE
Figure 29
Overhead from NE
Post Test Photos – Test 1
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Figure 30
Extent of Fire Spread – Test 2 Plan View
37
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Figure 31
Sprinkler Operations – Test 2
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TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment Orientation
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 32
Rack Orientation for Damage Assesssment Views – Test 2
TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit A
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 33
Damage – Test 2, Unit A
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TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit B
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 34
Damage - Test 2, Unit B
TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit C
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 35
Damage - Test 2, Unit C
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TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit D
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 36
Damage – Test 2, Unit D
TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit E
Ignition Aisle
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 37
Damage - Test 2, Unit E
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TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit F
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 38
Damage - Test 2, Unit F
TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit G
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 39
Damage - Test 2, Unit G
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TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit H
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 40
Damage - Test 2, Unit H
TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit I
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 41
Damage - Test 2, Unit I
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TEST Code: 01180802
Damage Assessment - Unit J
Project 07CA64050
File NC5756
Figure 42
Damage - Test 2, Unit J
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Ignition Aisle
Aisle Opposite Ignition
Aisle A*
Aisle H*
*Note: Vertical barriers installed between B/C and F/G
Aisle C
Figure 43
Aisle D
Post Test Photos – Test 2
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4
Issued: 04/25/2008
SUMMARY
A series of five (5) bench-scale and two (2) large-scale fire tests was conducted to develop data
regarding the level of protection provided by nominal K-5.6 (gpm/psi ½) pendent, quick response
ceiling sprinklers in protecting an arrangement of paper in standard manila paperboard folders
stored in moveable compact mobile shelving units to a nominal height of 8- ft.
Bench-scale testing consisted of a single 36-in x 24-in x 9.75-in sheet metal shelf loaded with
varying densities of commodity. A total of five bench-scale fire tests were conducted on a load
cell beneath a calorimeter where total heat release rate was measured over the course of each
test. Based on the results of these bench-scale tests, the project consulting engineers determined
that a 70% loading density by volume would be used as the basis for both large-scale fire tests.
The large-scale tests were conducted under a 10-ft high ceiling with 155°F pendent ceiling
sprinklers installed on 15 by 15- ft. spacing with the deflectors positioned 8- in. below the ceiling.
The first large-scale test was conducted with the moveable compact mobile shelving units in the
open position, including a 3- ft. center aisle. The second large-scale test was conducted with the
moveable compact mobile shelving units in the closed position, and included full- height
longitudinal sheet metal barriers in two of the four 24- in deep moveable shelving units.
For both large-scale tests, the ceiling sprinkler system was supplied with water resulting in a
nominal sprinkler discharge density of 0.10 gpm/ft2 . The ignition location for each of the two
tests was located between four sprinklers.
The large-scale fire tests utilized both moveable and fixed compact shelf units. The individual
shelving fixtures in the moving units of the systems were nominally 3- ft wide, 2- ft deep, and 8- ft
tall. Vertical transverse sheet metal barriers were provided between each of the five (5) storage
bays at 3- ft. intervals. There were eight (8) shelf levels positioned with a nominal vertical
spacing of 8, 18.5, 29, 39.5, 50, 60.5, 71, 81.5 and 95-in. from the floor. There were five (5)
shelf fixtures in each row with a total length of 15- ft.
For the first large-scale fire test, an open shelving arrangement was used consisting of six
compact shelf units. Five of the compact shelf units were moveable. Four of the moveable units
were approximately 24-in. deep and one moveable unit was approximately 12- in. deep. The
sixth compact shelf unit was fixed and approximately 12- in. deep. The compact shelf
configuration was open with a 36-in aisle space provided in the center of the array. No
longitudinal barriers were provided. The target arrangement consisted of cardboard fixed to
upright structures. The paper- faced cardboard was positioned across a 36- in. aisle space on the
north, south, east and west sides of the compact shelving array. The cardboard affixed to the
target assembly spanned 16- ft. long x 8- ft high.
The first large-scale fire test was conducted for 90 minutes (90:00) as requested by the project
consulting engineers. A total of thirteen (13) ceiling sprinklers operated during the 90-minute
test period. The first sprinkler activated at thirty-six minutes nine seconds (36:09) after ignition
and the last sprinkler operated at eighty- five minutes fifty-eight seconds (85:58) after ignition.
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The fire in Test 1 propagated to the east, west and south ends of the main shelving array.
However, the fire was contained within the main shelving units and did not spread to the
adjacent targets. The maximum one-minute average steel beam temperature measured above
ignition was 902 ºF and the maximum one- minute average gas temperature measured above
ignition was 1460 ºF.
For the second large-scale fire test, a closed shelving arrangement was used consisting of five
moveable compact shelf units in the main array and one fixed compact unit as a target. Four of
the moveable units were approximately 24- in. deep and one unit was approximately 12- in. deep.
Full height longitudinal sheet metal barriers were installed in two of the four 24- in deep
moveable units. The sixth compact shelf unit was a target which consisted of a 12- in. deep
compact shelving unit positioned across a 36-in aisle on the north side, filled to the same
capacity of the main shelving array. Cardboard fixed to upright structures were also placed
across a 36- in. aisle space on the south, east and west sides of the compact shelving array. The
cardboard target assemblies spanned 16- ft. long x 8- ft. high.
The second large-scale fire test was conducted for 82 minutes (82:00) as requested by the project
consulting engineers. A total of four (4) ceiling sprinklers operated during the 82-minute test
period. The first sprinkler activated at eighty-one minutes eleven seconds (81:11) after ignition
and the last sprinkler operated at eighty-one minutes fifty-one seconds (81:51) after ignition.
The fire in Test 2 propagated to the east and west ends of the array, but was generally limited to
the area between the full- height longitudinal sheet metal barriers. The fire was contained within
the main shelving units and did not spread to the adjacent target arrays. The maximum oneminute average steel beam temperature measured above ignition was 846 ºF and the maximum
one- minute average gas temperature measured above ignition was 1560 ºF.
A summary of the parameters and results is presented in Table 3.
Report by:
Reviewed by:
Christopher Gates
Project Engineer
3019INBK
Tel: 847-664-2618
Fax: 847-313-2618
Michael McCormick
Staff Engineering Associate
3019INBK
Tel: 847-664-3303
Fax: 847-313-3303
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Appendix A – Graphs
APPENDIX A
Graphical Presentation of
Heat Release Rate Data for
Bench-Scale Testing
A-1
Issued 04/25/2008
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix A – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
HRR Comparison
Bench Scale Loading Density Data
40
35
30
Loading Density
HRR (kW)
25
70% Test 1
70% Test 2
20
85% Test 1
100% Test 1
15
100% Test 2
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Time (min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
HRR Comparison
Bench Scale Loading Density Data
40
35
30
HRR (kW)
25
Loading Density
70% - Test 1
20
70% - Test 2
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time (m)
A-2
50
60
70
80
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix B – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
APPENDIX B
Graphical Presentation of
Temperatures and Waterflow - Test 1
B-1
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix B – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Sprinklers 1-6
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.001
Spk.002
Spk.003
Spk.004
Spk.005
50
40
Spk.006
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Sprinklers 7-12
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.007
Spk.008
Spk.009
Spk.010
Spk.011
50
40
Spk.012
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time (Min)
B-2
60
70
80
90
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix B – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Sprinklers 13-18
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.013
Spk.014
Spk.015
Spk.016
Spk.017
50
40
Spk.018
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Sprinklers 19-24
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.019
Spk.020
Spk.021
Spk.022
Spk.023
50
40
Spk.024
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time (Min)
B-3
60
70
80
90
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix B – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Sprinklers 24-30
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.025
Spk.026
Spk.027
Spk.028
Spk.029
50
40
Spk.030
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Sprinklers 31-36
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.031
Spk.032
Spk.033
Spk.034
Spk.035
50
40
Spk.036
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time (Min)
B-4
60
70
80
90
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix B – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Sprinkler System Flow
600
500
GPM
400
Flow
300
200
100
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Ceiling Steel Temperature above Ignition
Note: TC #1 malfunctioned
700
600
500
400
(Deg C)
AMB02
AMB03
AMB04
AMB05
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time (Min)
B-5
60
70
80
90
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix B – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Air Temperature above Ignition
900
800
700
(Deg C)
600
6-in. TC
500
12-in. TC
18-in. TC
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Ignition Aisle Shelf Steel Temperature
900
800
700
Steel temp 1-bay west of Ignition
600
(Deg C)
Steel temp above Ignition
500
TC1
TC3
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time (Min)
B-6
60
70
80
90
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix B – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
Ignition Aisle Air Temperature
900
Air above Ignition - 8th Level
800
Air above Ignition
700
600
(Deg C)
TC2
500
TC4
Shelf 2 above
Ignition
TC5
400
TC6
TC8
300
200
1 Bay East of Ignition - 8th
Level
100
Air temp opposite Ignition (across
aisle)
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 1
South Aisle Air Temperature
800
700
600
8th Level Air Temp (C)
(Deg C)
500
400
TC9
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time (Min)
B-7
60
70
80
90
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix C – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
APPENDIX C
Graphical Presentation of
Temperatures and Waterflow - Test 2
C-1
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix C – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Sprinklers 1-6
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.001
Spk.002
Spk.003
Spk.004
Spk.005
50
40
Spk.006
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Sprinklers 7-12
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.007
Spk.008
Spk.009
Spk.010
Spk.011
50
40
Spk.012
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time (Min)
C-2
50
60
70
80
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix C – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Sprinklers 13-18
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.013
Spk.014
Spk.015
Spk.016
Spk.017
50
40
Spk.018
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Sprinklers 19-24
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.019
Spk.020
Spk.021
Spk.022
Spk.023
50
40
Spk.024
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time (Min)
C-3
50
60
70
80
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix C – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Sprinklers 25-30
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.025
Spk.026
Spk.027
Spk.028
Spk.029
50
40
Spk.030
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Sprinklers 31-36
90
80
70
60
(Deg C)
Spk.031
Spk.032
Spk.033
Spk.034
Spk.035
50
40
Spk.036
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time (Min)
C-4
50
60
70
80
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix C – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Sprinkler System Flow
250
240
230
220
GPM
210
200
6" Flow
190
180
170
160
150
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Ceiling Steel Temperature above Ignition
Note: TC #1 malfunctioned
600
500
(Deg C)
400
AMB02
AMB03
AMB04
AMB05
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time (Min)
C-5
50
60
70
80
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix C – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Air Above Ignition
900
800
700
(Deg C)
600
500
6-in. TC
12-in. TC
18-in. TC
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Time (Min)
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Storage Array Steel Temperatures
NOTE: TC2 destroyed - 8th Level steel (B);
TC6 destroyed - 1st Level steel (F)
1000
Steel above Ignition
900
800
700
(Deg C)
600
TC3
1st Level steel (G)
TC5
500
TC9
400
300
200
8th Level steel (C)
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time (Min)
C-6
50
60
70
80
NC5756
07CA64050
Appendix C – Graphs
Issued 04/25/2008
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Compact Mobile Shelving - Test 2
Storage Array Air Temperatures
800
1st Level (C-D)
700
600
8th Level (E-F)
8th Level (C-D)
TC1
(Deg C)
500
TC4
TC7
400
TC8
TC10
300
200
8th Level (G-H)
100
8th Level (A-B)
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time (Min)
C-7
50
60
70
80