September 2014
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Page 4
the head of a horse
the body of a dragon
the tail of a monkey
it is a fish
Watch a video: "What is a Fish?"
• Rings of Plates (page 4)
• seahorses are vertebrates, they
have backbones
• seahorses have bony plates
• they go from the top of their neck
to the tip of their tail
• thin skin stretches around the
rings.
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 Blending In (page 4)
 a seahorse’s skin can change
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colour
this is called camouflage
a pink seahorse turns to green
blend in with the seaweed
(environment)
pygmy seahorses use another
kind of camouflage
they have pink and white
bumps cover their bodies
corals also have pink and white
bump
can hide from predators
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 Getting Around (page 6)
 a seahorse has a tiny fin on its back
 it flutters this fin to swim forward
 it has two small fins on its head
a swim bladder of a fish
 to move from side to side
 a seahorse has a swim bladder to move up
and down
 it is like a balloon inside the body
 Touching With Tails
 a seahorse wraps its tail around plants to
stay in place (look at the picture on page 6)
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 On the Hunt (page 6)
 a seahorse is a good
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hunter
its eyes can look all
around without moving
one eye can look for
food
one eye can watch for
predators
it sucks shrimps and
small fish up through is
tube-like snout (look at
the picture on page 7)
Fast Fact:
the ridges on a
seahorse’s head are like
our fingerprint
Sucking Up Supper (page 8)
• the snout sucks up the prey
just like a drinking straw
• watch a short video
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Baby Boom
a male seahorse gives birth
to baby seahorses
a male seahorse has a pouch
a female lays eggs (up to
2000) inside the pouch
after 2 to 4 weeks, the eggs
hatch
the new babies are called fry
the fry stay in the pouch
until they grow bigger
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Small and Soft
ocean waves can carry tiny fry away
they can’t change colour
their plates are soft
their bodies are see-through (look at the picture on
page 9)
 Seahorse Survival
 the life of a seahorse is full of danger
 its odd mix of body parts helps it to survive
 Wordwise
 fin, snout, swim bladder, vertebrate
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After reading
activity:
Discuss with your
classmate and
finish the task
together.
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suggested
answers
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Travel across the solar system to discover how
other planets compare to Earth
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• a rover called Spirit
• it takes pictures and obeys orders through remote
control
• Solar System Lessons (page 12)
• a planetary geologist
• study the geology of the planets and moons
• Mercury
• Mercury has some very large cliffs which or faults or
large cracks
• Mercury’s core cooled, slowly shrank
• hard crust cracked
• (compare the two pictures on page 13)
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Earth’s Moon (page 14)
Earth moon has many dents
a space rock slammed into the moon
rocks shatter and even melt
a huge dent, called a crater, forms
• Smash Hits
• many rocks burn up quickly when they enter Earth’s
atmosphere
• some rocks strike Earth and make craters
• wind and rain pound the crater
• weathering: pounding slowly break rocks into smaller pieces
• erosion: wind, water, and gravity carry the pieces away
• the moon has no atmosphere
• when a meteorite hits the moon, it forms a crater
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• Mars (page 15)
• Mars once had lots of water
• we found deltas on Mars (look and compare the two
pictures on page 15)
• rushing water from streams and rivers quickly carries
away soil and rock called sediment
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Enceladus (page 16)
Enceladus is one of Saturn’s 53 moons
ice covers this moon and it has geysers
we have geysers on Earth
Saturn’s gravity pulls on the moon
that makes heat and the heat melts ice under the
crust
• icy water sprays out from cracks of ice
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Titan (page 17)
Titan is Saturn’s biggest moon
rocks on its surface are made of ice
thick orange clouds fill the sky
liquid methane fills the rivers and lakes (Earth :
methane is gas)
• dunes are made of chemicals bits from the orange
clouds (Earth: sand dunes)
• Our Solar System
• geologists study the solar system by making
comparisons
• these discoveries may make us rethink what we
thought we knew
• we can learn a lot about both Earth and distant worlds
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Wordwise
• erosion, geology, sediment, weathering
Summary
• Geology is the study of the origin, history, and structure of a
p_____.
lanet
• Scientists use what they know abut Earth to understand
c_______on
other planets and moons.
hanges
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Wild Ways
• is about a people’s culture
• culture means a way of life
• based on a people’s history and beliefs
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Rom Dancers (page 20)
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on an island in the South Pacific Ocean
Rom Dance
this dance is a ritual, or ceremony
the Roms are spirits, protect the yam harvest
the ritual begins, a dancer runs through the
town
• when the dance ends, the dancers burn their
costumes
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Day of the Dead (page 21)
• people painted just like a skeleton
• the Day of the Dead, when people visit their
family
• it is a tradition in Latin America
• it reminds people that death is a natural event
• on the Day of the Dead, people eat skeleton
cookies, lick candies shaped like skulls
• the celebration lasts for two days
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Busos (page 22)
• celebrate in Hungary
• the busos look like wild, woolly animals
• one legend is that an army came, the people ran
away
• a figure came to the people and told them to
make weapons and masks
• the figure told them to through the town to
scare the army away
• the second legend is that the busos come and
chase winter away and spring will come
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Hudoq (page 23)
• people perform a dance called hudoq in Indonesia
• people dress as part bird and part dragon, other
dress as beasts
• the dance asks good spirits for help so pests and
floods don’t harm the rice
To sum up:
• people celebrate the things that make their culture
special
• people sing, dance, and tell stories to remember
the past
Wordwise
• culture, oral history, ritual, tradition
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After reading activity:
1. Draw a picture. Show how you
honour one of an important tradition
in our culture . Write a caption.
2. Present it to your classmates.
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