Global Volcano Model network
Collaborative volcanology for building a global understanding
of volcanic hazards and risk
World Organization of
Volcano Observatories
Duncan, M.1, Loughlin, S.1 and the GVM network and contributors
globalvolcanomodel.org
1British
Geological Survey, Edinburgh, UK ([email protected] and [email protected])
The Global Volcano Model network (GVM) is a growing international network of 50 (public and private) institutions and organisations, which have the collective aim of identifying and reducing risk in volcanic environments. By showcasing the capabilities of the
volcanology community from local to global scales, we inform national and international policy on volcanic risk reduction and resilience building. Our goal is to inspire and enable a global effort to build resilience to and reduce the disaster risk associated with
volcanic hazards. Our mission is to create a credible, sustainable and accessible information platform on volcanic hazard and risk; provide systematic evidence, data and analysis of volcanic hazards and risk on national, regional and global scales; to work with
volcano monitoring institutions to implement the best science and disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies; and to develop capabilities to anticipate future volcanism and its consequences. Our international, collaborative, network based approach is proving an
effective means of engaging research and operational scientists in DRR.
VOLCANIC RISK
Approximately 800 million people live within 100km of an active volcano, and with evergrowing populations, the likelihood of volcanic emergencies is increasing (Loughlin et al.,
2015). Furthermore, volcanoes, and frequently the environments within which they are
situated, are multi-hazardous. Volcanic risk assessments, particularly at the global scale, are
still in their infancy, but through GVM and related initiatives, the volcanology community is
moving towards a greater understanding and anticipation of disaster risk associated with
volcanoes.
GVM OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
GVM has three overarching
objectives:
1. Create and maintain a globally
accessible integrated global database
system on volcanic hazards,
vulnerability and exposure, integrating
where possible with existing
initiatives.
Accessible
and reliable
data
Support to
volcano
monitoring
institutions
2. Develop methods and tools to
anticipate, assess, analyse and model
volcanic hazards and risk.
3. Deliver a unified volcanology global
voice in the implementation of DRR,
including the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR),
enabling all sectors to better account
for and anticipate the impacts of
volcanic activity.
Coproduction
of datasets
To meet its objectives, GVM operates
through collaborative programmes and
projects; secondments and staff exchanges;
consultancy and (where appropriate)
advocacy. GVM establishes task forces and
working groups for the duration of its key
deliverables.
LaMEVE
Public
good
GVM
Scientific
excellence
Supporting
application
of big data
Scenario
building
GVM works with existing international and regional volcanology
initiatives including:
GVP: Global Volcanism Program
IAVCEI: Commissions and working groups (e.g. WOVO: World Organization of
Volcano Observatories)
VOGRIPA: Volcanic Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project
WOVOdat : Global database of volcanic unrest
Vhub: Collaborative volcano research and risk mitigation
VOBP: Volcano Observatory Best Practice programme
IVHHN: International Volcanic Health Hazards Network
G-EVER: Global Earthquake and Volcanic Eruption Risk management (Asia-Pacific
region)
ALVO: Asociación Latinoamericana de Volcanología
Through its network approach, GVM…
Principles
…recognises, produces and promotes
excellent and relevant science;
…emphasises collaboration, as well as
leadership and ownership of the
process by in-country scientists;
Collabora…implements local capacity building,
tion
including training;
…produces outputs that address the needs
of and are co-produced with users and
are reviewed by peers;
…employs responsible and ethical good practice field work and engagement.
Openaccess
GVM’s ability to bring together international scientists working across both public and
private institutions is one of its key strengths; its coordination allows governments, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and other stakeholders to effectively communicate
with the volcanology community.
GVM fills a major gap in global understanding of volcanic hazards and risk, by feeding into
intergovernmental strategies for reducing disaster risk. One of GVM’s most successful
achievements was the mobilisation and coordination of institutions to produce a
substantial, collective contribution to the GAR15. As part of the process, indices for level
of hazard and population exposure were developed to enable a relative global comparison
of volcanic hazards and risk. The work highlighted that much still needs to be done to
improve understanding of the hazards and risks at volcanoes across the world. GVM is
currently undergoing a post-Sendai consultation period in order to identify future priorities,
which will include a focus on data and scenarios.
Openaccess
732
downloads
47 countries
86 institutions
>130 individuals
Cambridge University Press
Global database of large magnitude explosive eruptions
(Crosweller et al. 2012; VOGRIPA).
Fatalities database Database of volcanic fatalities covering the period 1600 to
2010, incorporated into GVP (Auker et al. 2013).
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Activities
and outputs
Consultancy
work
Examples of GVM network databases
DomeHaz
Database of information including duration of dome
growth, duration of pauses in extrusion, extrusion rates,
and the timing and magnitude (Volcano Explosivity Index)
of associated large explosions (Ogburn et al., 2015).
GLOVOREMID
Global Volcano Research and Monitoring Institutions
Database is an evolution of VOMODA, a database of
monitoring institutions and capacities in Latin America
(ALVO).
Volcano
Deformation
Database
Database of global volcano deformation, measured using
satellite-based radar (InSAR) (Biggs et al., 2014).
GVM’s global
relational databases
are being used to a)
reassess volcanic
histories and impacts
at a global scale, b)
focus on capacity and
threat in order to
support decisionmaking, and c)
provide ‘fit-forpurpose’ modelling
parameters if no realtime data is available.
The databases are continuously updated, and the revised data is
shared with GVP.
GVM was initially funded by the UK’s Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC),
between 2011 and 2015. As demonstrated by
GVM’s outputs to date, a comparatively small
amount of core funding can generate
substantial in-kind support, exemplifying the
effectiveness of a network approach.
GVM
Funds
20112015
Cash: ~£437,000:
NERC IOF and
Innovation Fund.
In-kind: ~ >£3million in
staff time and aligned
projects across the
GVM network
contributions, etc.
GVM AND THE SFDRR
Understanding risk at a global scale is the first priority of the SFDRR. Volcano science has
a crucial role in building this understanding and GVM’s innovative network-based approach
can contribute in a number of ways, including:
 Provision of excellent science, skills and knowledge.
 Informing discussions on the use of data, data standardisation/harmonisation and the
associated ethical implications.
 Extensive experience of international science collaboration and co-production, bringing
together public and private institutions and existing networks.
 Facilitation to enable effective communication between governments, business and
NGOs with the collective volcanology community (GVM members and beyond).
 Capacity building and advocacy on behalf of local scientific institutions (volcano
observatories) and associated engagement with local communities in data collection.
 Skills in multi-hazard risk analysis, ensuring volcanic hazards are integrated within multi-
hazard risk assessments at local, national, regional and global scales.
References
Auker MR, Sparks RSJ, Siebert L, Crosweller HS, Ewert J. 2013; A statistical analysis of the global historical volcanic fatalities record. J Appl Volcanol., 2: 2.
Biggs, J, Ebmeier, SK, Aspinall, WP, Lu, Z, Pritchard, ME, Sparks, RSJ & Mather, TA 2014, ‘Global link between deformation and volcanic eruption quantified by satellite imagery’. Nature
Communications, vol 5.
Crosweller, HS, Arora, B, Brown, SK, Cottrell, E, Deligne, NI, Ortiz, N, Hobbs, LK, Kiyosugi, K, Loughlin, SC, Lowndes, J, Nayembil, M, Siebert, L, Sparks, RSJ, Takarada, S & Venzke, E 2012,
‘Global database on large magnitude explosive volcanic eruptions (LaMEVE)’. Journal of Applied Volcanology, vol 1.
Loughlin, S. C., Brown, S., Sparks, R. S. J., Vye-Brown, C., Jenkins, S.(eds) 2015. Global Volcanic Hazard and Risk. Cambridge University Press.
Ogburn, S. E., Loughlin, S. C. & Calder, E. S. The association of lava dome-growth with major explosive activity (VEI>4): DomeHaz, a global dataset, Bull. Volcanol 77:40.
GVM members and supporters