Factual Knowledge Needed
for Information Extraction and FOIA Review
Brian Harris
William Underwood
PERPOS Technical Report ITTL/CSITD 04-7
December 2004
(Revised March 2005)
Georgia Tech Research Institute
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA) sponsored this research under Army Research Office
Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-03-2-0018. The findings in this paper should not be
construed as an official ARL or NARA position unless so indicated by other authorized
documentation.
ABSTRACT
One of the research tasks of the PERPOS Project is to apply natural language processing
technology to the support of archival decision making in description and review of
electronic Presidential records. Factual knowledge is essential to extraction of
information from electronic records in order to determine document types, summarize
documents, and summarize record series. Understanding of textual documents requires
background knowledge of facts that are not stated in the text. Expert decision-making
such as review of documents for Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) exemptions and
Presidential Records Act (PRA) restrictions also requires background knowledge. In this
paper we describe some of the kinds of knowledge required, identify sources of this
knowledge, and describe methods for automatically acquiring this knowledge. The
appendices exhibit examples of the knowledge acquired.
ii
Table of Contents
Introduction _________________________________________________________________________ 1
George H. W. Bush Family Members _____________________________________________________ 1
President Bush's Friends _______________________________________________________________ 1
Presidential Campaign Staff and RNC Staff ________________________________________________ 2
Presidential Appointments ______________________________________________________________ 2
White House Staff Members, Titles and Offices _____________________________________________ 2
Bush Administration Senior Officials _____________________________________________________ 2
Presidential Advisors __________________________________________________________________ 3
Members of 101st and 102nd Congresses ___________________________________________________ 3
Foreign Heads of State_________________________________________________________________ 3
Representing and Using this Knowledge for Information Extraction ____________________________ 3
Representing and Using this Knowledge in Checking for Access Restrictions _____________________ 5
References__________________________________________________________________________ 10
Appendix A: George H. W. Bush Family Members _________________________________________ 11
Appendix B: President Bush's Friends ___________________________________________________ 12
Appendix C: 1992 Campaign Staff ______________________________________________________ 13
Appendix D: RNC Staff _______________________________________________________________ 14
Appendix E: Presidential Nominations Requiring Senate Approval ____________________________ 15
Appendix F: Presidential Appointments not Requiring Senate Approval ________________________ 26
Appendix G: White House Staff Members, Offices andTitles__________________________________ 29
Appendix H: Bush Administration Senior Officials _________________________________________ 39
Appendix I: Presidential Advisors _______________________________________________________ 40
Appendix J: Members of the House of Representatives of 101st Congress________________________ 41
Appendix K: Members of the Senate of 101st Congress ______________________________________ 51
Appendix L: Members of the House of Representatives of 102nd Congress _______________________ 54
Appendix M: Members of the Senate of 102nd Congress______________________________________ 64
Appendix N: Foreign Heads of State_____________________________________________________ 67
iii
Introduction
Factual knowledge is essential to extraction of information from electronic records in
order to determine document types, summarize documents, and summarize record series.
It is also essential extracting content from documents in order to determine whether
documents are personal/political records or might have FOIA or PRA restrictions on their
release to the public.
The kinds of factual knowledge that are needed include knowledge of
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George H. W. Bush Family Members
President Bush's Friends
Presidential Campaign Staff, 1992
RNC Staff
Presidential Appointments Requiring Senate Approval
Presidential Appointments not Requiring Senate Approval
White House Staff Members, Titles and Offices
Bush Administration Senior Officials
Presidential Advisors
Members of 101st and 102nd Congresses
Foreign Heads of State
The following sections describe the sources of each kind of knowledge and specific
processing that was used to acquire it. The final section describes how this knowledge is
represented. Each of these kinds of knowledge has been acquired and represented in a
form that can be used by the ANNIE information extraction system and the Template
Filling rules of the Access Restriction Checker.
George H. W. Bush Family Members
The names of the family members of President Bush were collected from the Index and
the Glossary of Names in his book, All the Best [1]. They are shown in Appendix A.
These names are used by the Access Restriction Checker to recognize documents that
might be Personal Misfiled Records.
President Bush's Friends
The names of some of President Bush's friends were also collected from the Glossary of
names in his book, All the Best [1]. These names are listed in Appendix B. These names
are also used by the Access Restriction Checker to determine documents that might be
Personal Misfiled Records.
Presidential Campaign Staff and RNC Staff
Communications with the President's re-election campaign staff are personal/political
records and must be discriminated from Presidential Records. Knowledge of the names
and roles of the campaign staff aids in identifying such records. Similarly
communications with the Chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC) or
other RNC staff are personal/political records and a list of those names is needed. Some
of the names of campaign and RNC staff are listed in Appendices C and D.
Presidential Appointments
To determine whether public access to documents might be restricted under PRA
restriction a(2), Appointments to Federal Office, it is useful to have a list of the
Nominations submitted to the Senate for their Approval, and a list of persons appointed
to offices that did not require Senate approval. The names of persons nominated, the
office for which the were nominated and the date of submittal of the nomination can be
automatically extracted from the titles of the Bush Public Papers and the appendices of
those papers [2]. Examples of these facts are shown in Appendix E. They were extracted
from the titles of the Bush public papers for 1989 using pattern-action rules that searched
for the pattern "Nomination of." The first six characters of filenames at the end of each
title indicate the year, month, and day of the nomination.
The other Presidential appointments that are not subject to Senate approval can be
determined by extracting from the titles of the Bush Public Papers and the appendices:
Announcements of Appointments, Examples of these facts extracted from the Bush
Public Papers for 1989 are shown in Appendix F.
In addition to "nomination events" and "appointment events", one must also acquire
knowledge of "continuation of appointment events" and "designation of individuals to
position events." Knowledge of these events can also be acquired from the Bush Public
Papers.
White House Staff Members, Titles and Offices
Interpretation of Presidential records depends on the context of the records, that is, the
office in which they were created, the person who created them, and the title and roles
and responsibilities of that person, It also depends on to whom the communication is
addressed, e.g., an internal memorandum from one staffer to another. This information
was obtained from the White House Telephone Directory [3]. The names of many White
House Staff Members, their job titles and the Offices in which the worked is shown in
Appendix G.
Bush Administration Senior Officials
Many documents involving confidential advice are from the President or White House
staff to Cabinet Members and Undersecretaries. A list of members of the Cabinet is
shown in Appendix H.
2
Presidential Advisors
In his book, All the Best [1], George Bush mentions some of his advisors during his
Presidential Administration. Some of his advisors were friends and family members,
while others were White House senior staff members. Some of the Presidential Advisors
are listed in Appendix I.
Members of 101st and 102nd Congresses
Documents recording White House discussions of legislative strategy will often be closed
under PRA a(5) confidential advice. Often these documents will be sent to or received
from congressmen. Documents discussing legislative strategy will often mention
congressmen by name. Recognition that a document is about legislative strategy will
involve being able to recognize the names of congressmen and knowing what state they
represent. The names of senators and representatives of the 101st and 102nd Congresses
have been extracted from the Congressional Record [4, 5] and are shown in Appendices
J, K, L and M.
Foreign Heads of State
Communications between Heads of State are restricted from public access under
Presidential Records Act restriction a(1). To recognize that a document is to or from a
foreign head of state the restriction checker needs to have knowledge of country names,
the leaders names, their titles and the duration of their leadership. This factual knowledge
is also needed to extract the names of countries, persons names, and position titles from
e-records. This information can be automatically extracted from the CIA World
Factbooks [6]. The Factbooks are well-structured and the leaders entry has subentries for
Chief of State, Head of Government, and their deputies. For instance, the leaders entry
for Afghanistan in the 1990 CIA World Factbook has the information:
Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President (Mohammad) NAJIBULLAH
(Ahmadzai) (since 30 November 1987); Chairman of the Council of Ministers Executive
Committee Soltan Ali KESHTMAND (since 21 February 1989); Prime Minister Fazil Haq
KHALIQYAR (since 21 May 1990)
Again, pattern-action rules can be used to search iteratively through the text of the CIA
World Factbooks for "Country:" and extract name; and search for "Leaders:" and extract
the Chief of State and Head of Government. An example of this factual knowledge
automatically extracted from the 1990 World Factbook is shown in Appendix N.
Representing and Using this Knowledge for Information
Extraction
Factual knowledge is used in extracting information from Presidential records. During
information extraction, segments of text are labeled with the classes of information, for
example, person's name, location name, organization name, job title and date. This
3
extracted information can be used to automatically identify document types, to
summarize record series, and in checking for FOIA and PRA restrictions. In a prior
experiment, we determined that the performance of our information extraction tool could
be improved if it were provided with additional factual knowledge of the types we have
described in this paper [7]. We add this knowledge by first determining whether this
knowledge when put into textual documents as lists can already be extracted by ANNIE.
If it cannot be recognized, we add this knowledge as lists to ANNIE's Gazetteers. The
table below shows how these types of knowledge are mapped into gazetteers.
Factual Knowledge
Gazetteer List
Type:subtype
Bush Family Names
bush_family.lst
person
Bush Friends
bush_friends.lst
person
Bush Campaign Staff
bush_campaign_staff.lst
person
RNC Staff
rnc_staff.lst
person
rnc_staff_titles.lst
Presidential Nominations
jobtitle
bush_nominations.lst
Person
title.lst (existing)
title
jobtitle.lst (existing)
jobtitle
bush_appointments.lst
person
title.lst (existing)
title
jobtitle.lst
jobtitle
wh_staff.lst
person
wh_jobtitles.lst
jobtitles
wh_offices.lst
organization:office
Presidential Advisors
presidential_advisor.lst
person
Members of the 101st and
102nd Congresses
representative_101_102congress.lst
person
senator_101_102_congress.lst
person
country.lst
Location:country
state_govrnmt_leader.lst
Person
title.lst (existing)
title
Presidential Appointments
White House Staff Members
Bush Admin Senior Officials
Foreign Heads of State
4
The names of White House staff members and job titles overlap the names and titles of
the Presidential Appointments. Furthermore the Bush Administration Senior Officials are
a subset of the Presidential Nominations, and so may not be needed. Furthermore, the list
of names of Presidential Advisors may not be needed if they are Bush Friends, Family
Members, Congressmen or White House Staff. However, the knowledge that a person's
nam,e is in multiple categories is needed by the Access Restriction Checker.
A database table containing all terms in the gazetteers and the name of the file in which
they are contained, and the type:subtype of the term has been constructed. This aids in
eliminating redundant terms.
We are adding this factual knowledge the Gate/ANNIE gazetteer lists and will conduct an
experiment to determine whether this additional background knowledge improves the
performance of the tool in extracting information from Presidential Records.
Representing and Using this Knowledge in Checking for
Access Restrictions
Extraction of these kinds of information (person names, organization names, dates, etc.)
is necessary, but not sufficient to check for FOIA and PRA access restrictions. An
automated tool needs to determine the kind of action or event that the document
represents, for example, an appointment or a nomination, a request by the President or a
staff member for information or advice, or the provision of information or advice by a
staff member or other advisor. Knowledge is need about the persons and organizations,
for example, that George Bush was the President of the United States, that John Sununu
was the Chief of Staff, that Clarence Thomas was nominated to be a Supreme Court
Justice, that Lee Atwater, was Chair of the Republican National Committee from 1989
until 25 Jan 1991.
We need a knowledge base in which to keep factual knowledge (semantic information)
about entities such as persons, countries, and organizations. To do this we have
employed features of the Java Expert System Shell (JESS) [8] to represent information
about real world objects in the form of templates, relationships in the form of rules and
object hierarchy, and background knowledge in the form of facts and/or rules. There are
two ways to represent facts within JESS, ordered and unordered. Ordered facts are
simple lists that take the form:
(category fact1 fact2 fact3…).
Unordered facts are represented as frames or templates. They take the form:
(deftemplate <deftemplate-name> [extends <classname>] [<doc-comment>]
[(slot <slot-name> [(default | default-dynamic <value>)]
[(type <typespec>))]*)
5
We have elected to use the second approach to represent factual knowledge in JESS's
active memory. The number of relationships and facts that we have to store within active
memory is large so we store only the knowledge about the named entities that have been
discovered in a document or a set of documents. The entire factual knowledge base is not
needed to understand a given document. We use a database management system (Oracle,
or MS SQL Server) that is better equipped than JESS to deal with large fact bases. This
also allows us to decouple our reasoning system from our knowledge base system. When
facts are needed, JESS makes calls to the database management system which retrieves
the relevant facts and JESS asserts facts as templates in JESS’s own active memory
space. JESS cache’s these facts so it does not have to make multiple calls to the database
management system to retrieve the same information. Another reason for using the
template structure is that its definition can easily be mapped to a Create Table statement
in SQL.
Below is a list of template statements that define the way the facts are represented in
JESS's memory.
General Facts
(deftemplate alias
(slot id#)
(slot aliasName)
)
(deftemplate person
(slot id#)
(slot first_name)
(slot middle_name)
(slot last_name)
(slot suffix)
(slot title)
)
(deftemplate relationship_to_gwb
(slot id#)
(slot relationship)
)
6
(deftemplate position
(slot position_name )
(slot position_id#)
)
(deftemplate white_house_office
(slot office_name)
(slot office_id#)
(slot loc_id#)
)
George H. W. Bush Family Members
(deftemplate gwb_family_member
(slot id#)
)
President Bush's Friends
(deftemplate gwb_friend
(slot id#)
)
Campaign Staff
(deftemplate gwb_campaign_staff_member
(slot id#)
(slot position_id#)
(slot begin_date)
(slot end_date)
)
RNC Staff
(deftemplate rnc_staff_member
(slot id#)
(slot position_id#)
(slot begin_date)
7
(slot end_date)
)
Presidential Appointments Requiring Senate Approval
(deftemplate nomination
(slot person_id# )
(slot position_id# )
(slot date))
Presidential Appointments not Requiring Senate Approval
(deftemplate appointment
(slot person_id# )
(slot position_id#)
(slot date)
)
White House Staff Members, Titles and Offices
(deftemplate white_house_staff_member
(slot person_id#)
(slot office_id#)
(slot position_id#)
(slot begin_date)
(slot end_date)
)
Bush Administration Senior Officials
(deftemplate senior_official
(slot person_id#)
(slot department)
(slot positon_id#)
(slot begin_date)
(slot end_date)
8
)
Presidential Advisors
(deftemplate presidential_advisor
(slot person_id#)
)
Members of 101st and 102nd Congresses
(deftemplate senator
(slot person_id#)
(slot state)
(slot term_begin)
(slot term_end)
)
(deftemplate representative
(slot person_id#)
(slot state)
(slot district)
(slot term_begin)
(slot term_end)
)
Foreign Heads of State
(deftemplate head_of_state
(slot country)
(slot person_id#)
(slot position_id#)
(slot term_begin)
(slot term_end)
)
9
References
1. George Bush. All the Best: My Life in Letters and other Writings. Scribner, 1999.
2. Bush Public Papers, 1989-1993 http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/research/paper.html
3. White House Telephone Directory, Bush Presidential Library and Museum
4. Congressional Record 101st Congress (1989-1990)
http://thomas.loc.gov/home/r101query.html
5. Congressional Record 102nd Congress (1991-1992)
http://thomas.loc.gov/home/r102query.html
6. 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 CIA World Fact Books
http://manybooks.net/titles/usciaetext93world192.html
7. M. G. Underwood. Recognizing Named Entities in Presidential Electronic Records,
PERPOS Technical Report ITTL/CISTD 04-4, June, 2004
8. E. J. Friedman-Hill. Jess, The Rule Engine for the Java Platform, Version 6.1p7.
SAND98-8206 (revised), Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 7 May 2004.
http://herzberg.ca.sandia.gov/jess/docs/61/
10
Appendix A: George H. W. Bush Family Members
"First Name","Middle Name","Last Name","Suffix","Nickname","Relationship"
"George","P.","Bush",,,"Grandson"
"Dorothy","Walker","Bush",,,"Mother of GHW Bush"
"Walker",,"Bush",,,"Grandson"
"Marshall",,"Bush",,,"Grandson"
"Margaret","Molster","Bush",,,"Daughter-in-law"
"Marvin","Pierce","Bush",,,"Son"
"Jonathan",,"Bush",,"Jon","Brother"
"Sharon",,"Bush",,,"Daughter-in-law"
"Noelle",,"Bush",,,"Granddaughter"
"Lauren",,"Bush",,,"Grandson"
"Columba",,"Bush",,"Colu","Daughter-in-Law"
"John","Ellis","Bush",,"Jeb","Son"
"Barbara",,"Bush",,,"Granddaughter"
"Jenna",,"Bush",,,"Granddaughter"
"Laura","Welch","Bush",,,"Daughter-in-Law"
"George","Walker","Bush",,,"Son"
"Jeb",,"Bush","Jr.",,"Grandson"
"Jody",,"Bush",,,"Sister-in-law"
"Pierce",,"Bush",,,"Grandson"
"Ashley","Walker","Bush",,,"Granddaughter"
"Prescott","S.","Bush","Jr.",,"Brother"
"Beth",,"Bush",,,"Sister-in-law"
"William","H. T.","Bush",,"Bucky","Brother"
"Patty",,"Bush",,,"Sister-in-Law"
"Barbara","Pierce","Bush",,"Bar","Wife"
"Neil","Mallon","Bush",,,"Son"
"Nancy","Bush","Ellis",,"Nan","Sister"
"John",,"Ellis",,,"Nephew"
"Bobby",,"Koch",,,"Son-in-law"
"Sam",,"Koch",,,"Grandson"
"Ellie",,"Koch",,,"Granddaughter"
"Robert",,"Koch",,,"Grandson"
"Gigi",,"Koch",,,"Granddaughter"
"Dorothy","Bush","Koch",,"Doro","Daughter"
11
Appendix B: President Bush's Friends
Title","First Name","Middle","Last Name","Suffix","Nickname"
"Prince","Saedruddin",,"Aga Khan",,"Sadri"
,"Martin",,"Allday",,
,"FitzGerald",,"Bemiss",,"Gerry"
,"Robert",,"Blake",,
,"Taylor",,"Blanton",,
,"Nicholas",,"Brady",,
,"C.","Fred","Chambers",,
,"Marion",,"Chambers",,
,"Flo",,"Crichton",,
,"John",,"Crichton",,
"Reverend","Jack",,"Allin",,
,"Thomas","Ludlow","Ashley",,"Lud"
,"James","A.","Baker","III","Jim"
,"James",,"Allison","Jr.","Jimmy"
,"Charles",,"Barnett",,
,"David",,"Bates",,
,"J.","Hugh","Liedtke",,
,"William","A.","McKenzie",,"Billy Mac"
,"Sally",,"McKenzie",,
,"Dick",,"Moore",,
,"Robert",,"Mossbacher",,
,"Paula",,"Rendon",,
,"Don",,"Rhodes",,
,"Brent",,"Scowcroft",,
,"Raymond",,"Siller",,
,"Jack",,"Steel",,
,"Robert",,"Teeter",,
,"Jerry",,"Weintraub",,
,"Jane",,"Morgan",,
,"Fred",,"Zeder",,
,"Dan",,"Rostenkowski",,
,"Trammel",,"Crow",,
12
Appendix C: 1992 Campaign Staff
Robert Teeter, Campaign Chairman and Chief Political Strategist
Mary Matalin, Deputy Campaign Manager and Political Director, Former Chief of Staff
at the RNC
Robert Mosbacher, General Chairman
Fred Malek, Campaign Manager
Charles Black, Senior Advisor
Rich Bond, RNC Chief and Senior Advisor
Mimi Dawson, Director of Coalitions
13
Appendix D: RNC Staff
Lee Atwater, RNC Chair (1989 - 25 Jan 1991)
Clayton K. Yeutter, RNC Chair (25 Jan 1991 - 1 Feb 1992)
Richard N. Bond, RNC Chair (1 Feb 1992 - 30 Jan 1993)
14
Appendix E: Presidential Nominations Requiring Senate
Approval
Nomination of Donald J. Atwood To Be Deputy Secretary of Defense <89012502.html>
Nomination of W. Henson Moore To Be Deputy Secretary of Energy <89012503.html>
Nomination of Susan S. Engeleiter To Be Administrator of the Small Business Administration
<89012504.html>
Nomination of William M. Diefenderfer III To Be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and
Budget <89012505.html>
Nomination of Paul D. Coverdell To Be Director of the Peace Corps <89012506.html>
Nomination of Constance Berry Newman To Be Director of the Office of Personnel Management
<89012507.html>
Nomination of Bruce S. Gelb To Be Director of the United States Information Agency <89012508.html>
Nomination of Fred M. Zeder II To Be President of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation
<89012509.html>
Nomination of Kenneth Winston Starr To Be Solicitor General of the United States <89020101.html>
Nomination of Richard R. Burt for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as United States Negotiator for
Strategic Nuclear Arms <89020202.html>
Nomination of Ivan Selin To Be an Under Secretary of State <89020203.html>
Nomination of Edith E. Holiday To Be General Counsel of the Department of the Treasury
<89020204.html>
Nomination of Richard Thomas McCormack To Be an Under Secretary of State <89020205.html>
Nomination of Robert Michael Kimmitt To Be an Under Secretary of State <89020206.html>
Nomination of Reginald Bartholomew To Be an Under Secretary of State <89020207.html>
Nomination of Morris Berthold Abram To Be United States Representative to the European Office of the
United Nations <89020208.html>
Nomination of Roy M. Goodman To Be a Member of the Board of Directors of the Overseas Private
Investment Corporation <89021401.html>
Nomination of Richard J. Kerr To Be Deputy Director of Central Intelligence <89021501.html>
Nomination of Elaine L. Chao To Be Deputy Secretary of Transportation <89021700.html>
Nomination of Sidney Linn Williams To Be a Deputy United States Trade Representative
<89021702.html>
Nomination of Rufus Hawkins Yerxa To Be a Deputy United States Trade Representative
<89021704.html>
Nomination of John D. Negroponte To Be United States Ambassador to Mexico <89022105.html>
Nomination of John E. Robson To Be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury <89022201.html>
Nomination of Robert R. Glauber To Be an Under Secretary of the Treasury <89022202.html>
Nomination of Jack Callihan Parnell To Be Deputy Secretary of Agriculture <89022801.html>
Nomination of Constance Horner To Be Under Secretary of Health and Human Services <89022802.html>
Nomination of Mary Sheila Gall To Be an Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services
<89022803.html>
Nomination of Douglas P. Mulholland To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89022806.html>
Nomination of Calvin G. Franklin To Be Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
<89022807.html>
Nomination of James O. Mason To Be an Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services
<89022808.html>
Nomination of Herman Jay Cohen To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89022809.html>
Nomination of John H. Kelly To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89022810.html>
Nomination of Richard L. Armitage To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89022811.html>
Nomination of John R. Bolton To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89022812.html>
Nomination of Bernard William Aronson To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89022813.html>
Nomination of Jewel S. Lafontant To Be United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs <89022814.html>
Nomination of William Pelham Barr To Be an Assistant Attorney General <89030200.html>
15
Nomination of Anthony Joseph Principi To Be Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs <89030602.html>
Nomination of Gerald L. Olson To Be an Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services
<89030603.html>
Nomination of Thomas J. Collamore To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89030701.html>
Nomination of William Douglas Fritts, Jr., To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89030702.html>
Nomination of Deborah Wince-Smith To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89030703.html>
Nomination of J. Michael Farren To Be an Under Secretary of Commerce <89030704.html>
Nomination of Susan Carol Schwab To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89030705.html>
Nomination of Thomas J. Duesterberg To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89030706.html>
Nomination of Richard Thomas Crowder To Be an Under Secretary of Agriculture <89030707.html>
Nomination of John Chatfield Tuck To Be Under Secretary of Energy <89030800.html>
Nomination of Donna R. Fitzpatrick To Be an Assistant Secretary of Energy <89030801.html>
Nomination of David W. Mullins, Jr., To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury <89030802.html>
Nomination of Michael Philip Skarzynski To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89030902.html>
Nomination of Wendell Lewis Willkie II To Be General Counsel of the Department of Commerce
<89030907.html>
Nomination of Michael Rucker Darby To Be an Under Secretary of Commerce <89030908.html>
Nomination of Dennis Edward Kloske To Be an Under Secretary of Commerce <89030909.html>
Nomination of Eric I. Garfinkel To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89030910.html>
Nomination of Michael Paul Galvin To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89030911.html>
Nomination of Robert P. Davis To Be Solicitor of the Department of Labor <89030912.html>
Nomination of Dale Triber Tate To Be an Assistant Secretary of Labor <89030913.html>
Nomination of Jennifer Lynn Dorn To Be an Assistant Secretary of Labor <89030914.html>
Nomination of Michael Hayden Armacost To Be United States Ambassador to Japan <89031002.html>
Nomination of John Theodore Sanders To Be Under Secretary of Education <89031003.html>
Nomination of Nancy Mohr Kennedy To Be an Assistant Secretary of Education <89031004.html>
Nomination of Skirma Anna Kondratas To Be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
<89031008.html>
Nomination of Kathleen M. Harrington To Be an Assistant Secretary of Labor <89031312.html>
Nomination of Roderick Allen DeArment To Be Deputy Secretary of Labor <89031313.html>
Nomination of John B. Taylor To Be a Member of the Council of Economic Advisers <89031403.html>
Nomination of James Roderick Lilley To Be United States Ambassador to China <89031503.html>
Nomination of Kay Coles James To Be an Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services
<89031504.html>
Nomination of Rockwell Anthony Schnabel To Be an Under Secretary of Commerce <89031600.html>
Nomination of Gilbert E. Carmichael To Be Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration
<89031603.html>
Nomination of Kate Leader Moore To Be an Assistant Secretary of Transportation <89031701.html>
Nomination of Galen Joseph Reser To Be an Assistant Secretary of Transportation <89031702.html>
Nomination of Jeffrey Neil Shane To Be an Assistant Secretary of Transportation <89031703.html>
Nomination of David Philip Prosperi To Be an Assistant Secretary of Transportation <89031704.html>
Nomination of Phillip D. Brady To Be General Counsel of the Department of Transportation
<89031705.html>
Nomination of Terence A. Todman To Be United States Ambassador to Argentina <89031706.html>
Nomination of James Buchanan Busey IV To Be Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
<89031708.html>
Nomination of Melvin Floyd Sembler To Be United States Ambassador to Australia <89031709.html>
Nomination of John Giffen Weinmann To Be United States Ambassador to Finland <89031710.html>
Nomination of Jerry A. Moore, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to Lesotho <89031711.html>
Nomination of Joseph Zappala To Be United States Ambassador to Spain <89031712.html>
Nomination of Frederick Morris Bush To Be United States Ambassador to Luxembourg <89031713.html>
Nomination of Julius L. Katz To Be a Deputy United States Trade Representative <89032002.html>
Nomination of Jerry Ralph Curry To Be Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration <89032003.html>
Nomination of Janice Obuchowski To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89032102.html>
16
Nomination of Daphne Wood Murray To Be Director of the Institute of Museum Services
<89032103.html>
Nomination of Kenneth W. Gideon To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury <89032205.html>
Nomination of Quincy Mellon Krosby To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89032206.html>
Nomination of Edward Martin Emmett To Be a Member of the Interstate Commerce Commission
<89032207.html>
Nomination of Shirley D. Peterson To Be an Assistant Attorney General <89032300.html>
Nomination of E. Patrick Coady To Be United States Executive Director of the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development <89032301.html>
Nomination of Walter J.P. Curley To Be United States Ambassador to France <89032303.html>
Nomination of Franklin Eugene Bailey To Be an Assistant Secretary of Agriculture <89032304.html>
Nomination of Jo Ann D. Smith To Be an Assistant Secretary of Agriculture <89032305.html>
Nomination of James E. Cason To Be an Assistant Secretary of Agriculture <89032306.html>
Nomination of William H. Taft IV To Be United States Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization Council <89032404.html>
Nomination of Joseph B. Gildenhorn To Be United States Ambassador to Switzerland <89032405.html>
Nomination of Paul Matthews Cleveland To Be United States Ambassador to Malaysia <89032406.html>
Nomination of Chic Hecht To Be United States Ambassador to the Bahamas <89032407.html>
Nomination of Richard H. Solomon To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89032408.html>
Nomination of Edward Noonan Ney To Be United States Ambassador to Canada <89032410.html>
Nomination of Charles Edgar Redman To Be United States Ambassador to Sweden <89032411.html>
Nomination of William G. Rosenberg To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency <89032700.html>
Nomination of Alfred A. DelliBovi To Be Under Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
<89032701.html>
Nomination of John C. Weicher To Be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
<89032702.html>
Nomination of Francis Anthony Keating II To Be General Counsel of the Department of Housing and
Urban Development <89032703.html>
Nomination of Ronald Frank Lehman II To Be Director of the United States Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency <89032704.html>
Nomination of Carol T. Crawford To Be an Assistant Attorney General <89032802.html>
Nomination of Roger Bolton To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury <89032803.html>
Nomination of John Cameron Monjo To Be United States Ambassador to Indonesia <89032901.html>
Nomination of Peter F. Secchia To Be United States Ambassador to Italy <89032902.html>
Nomination of Richard Anthony Moore To Be United States Ambassador to Ireland <89033001.html>
Nomination of Della Newman To Be United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Western Samoa
<89033002.html>
Nomination of Alan Charles Raul To Be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture
<89040302.html>
Nomination of Delos Cy Jamison To Be Director of the Bureau of Land Management <89040403.html>
Nomination of Richard Schmalensee To Be a Member of the Council of Economic Advisers
<89040404.html>
Nomination of Thomas Michael Tolliver Niles To Be United States Representative to the European
Communities <89040405.html>
Nomination of Melvyn Levitsky To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89040406.html>
Nomination of Catalina Vasquez Villalpando To Be Treasurer of the United States <89040407.html>
Nomination of Diane Kay Morales To Be an Assistant Secretary of Energy <89041004.html>
Nomination of Richard Harrison Truly To Be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration <89041203.html>
Nomination of James R. Thompson, Jr., To Be Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration <89041204.html>
Nomination of H. Lawrence Garrett III To Be Secretary of the Navy <89041301.html>
Nomination of Frank Henry Habicht II To Be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency <89041302.html>
Nomination of Eddie F. Brown To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Interior <89041303.html>
17
Nomination of Martin Lewis Allday To Be Solicitor of the Department of the Interior <89041304.html>
Nomination of Frank A. Bracken To Be Under Secretary of the Department of the Interior
<89041305.html>
Nomination of Paul Dundes Wolfowitz To Be an Under Secretary of Defense <89041402.html>
Nomination of David George Ball To Be an Assistant Secretary of Labor <89041403.html>
Nomination of Bryce L. Harlow To Be Deputy Under Secretary of the Treasury, and Designation as an
Assistant Secretary <89041404.html>
Nomination of Thomas D. Larson To Be Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration
<89041405.html>
Nomination of Brian W. Clymer To Be Administrator of the Urban Mass Transit Administration
<89041406.html>
Nomination of Jacqueline Knox Brown To Be an Assistant Secretary of Energy <89041407.html>
Nomination of Joseph G. Schiff To Be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
<89041408.html>
Nomination of Morton Isaac Abramowitz To Be United States Ambassador to Turkey <89041902.html>
Nomination of D. Allan Bromley To Be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
<89042004.html>
Nomination of Richard L. Armitage To Be Secretary of the Army <89042503.html>
Nomination of William Lucas To Be an Assistant Attorney General <89042504.html>
Nomination of Robert Davila To Be Assistant Secretary of Education and Nell Carney To Be
Commissioner of the Rehabilitation Services Administration <89042505.html>
Nomination of Donald B. Rice To Be Secretary of the Air Force <89050103.html>
Nomination of David J. Gribbin III To Be an Assistant Secretary of Defense <89050201.html>
Nomination of Louis A. Williams To Be an Assistant Secretary of Defense <89050205.html>
Nomination of Sean Charles O'Keefe To Be Comptroller of the Department of Defense <89050303.html>
Nomination of Reggie B. Walton To Be Associate Director for National Drug Control Policy
<89050401.html>
Nomination of Julia Chang Bloch To Be United States Ambassador to Nepal <89050801.html>
Nomination of Kyo Ryoon Jhin To Be Chief Counsel for Advocacy at the Small Business Administration
<89050802.html>
Nomination of James Franklin Rill To Be an Assistant Attorney General <89051101.html>
Nomination of Janet Dempsey Steiger To Be a Federal Trade Commissioner, and Designation as Chairman
<89051102.html>
Nomination of Deborah Kaye Owen To Be a Federal Trade Commissioner <89051103.html>
Nomination of Jerry M. Hunter To Be General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board
<89051202.html>
Nomination of Robert D. Orr To Be United States Ambassador to Singapore <89051602.html>
Nomination of Antonio Lopez To Be an Associate Director of the Federal Emergency Management
Agency <89051703.html>
Nomination of Thomas Joseph Murrin To Be Deputy Secretary of Commerce <89052201.html>
Nomination of Mark L. Edelman To Be Deputy Administrator of the Agency for International
Development <89052301.html>
Nomination of C. Austin Fitts To Be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
<89052500.html>
Nomination of Fred T. Goldberg, Jr., To Be Commissioner of Internal Revenue <89052503.html>
Nomination of Edward Joseph Perkins To Be Director General of the Foreign Service <89052504.html>
Nomination of Timothy B. Atkeson To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency <89060104.html>
Nomination of Shirley Temple Black To Be United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia
<89060105.html>
Nomination of C. Howard Wilkins, Jr. To Be United States Ambassador to The Netherlands
<89060107.html>
Nomination of Morris Dempson Busby for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as Coordinator for
Counterterrorism <89060109.html>
Nomination of Edward C. Stringer To Be General Counsel of the Department of Education
<89060502.html>
18
Nomination of Constance Bastine Harriman To Be an Assistant Secretary at the Department of the Interior
<89060503.html>
Nomination of Michael J. Astrue To Be General Counsel of the Department of Health and Human Services
<89060602.html>
Nomination of Sherrie Sandy Rollins To Be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
<89060606.html>
Nomination of Roy M. Goodman To Be a Member of the National Council on the Arts <89060607.html>
Nomination of Michael R. Deland To Be a Member of the Council on Environmental Quality, and
Designation as Chairman <89060701.html>
Nomination of Debra Russell Bowland To Be Administrator of the Wage and Hour Division at the
Department of Labor <89060801.html>
Nomination of William C. Brooks To Be an Assistant Secretary of Labor <89060802.html>
Nomination of Thomas Patrick Melady To Be United States Ambassador to the Holy See
<89060901.html>
Nomination of John F. Turner To Be Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service
<89061301.html>
Nomination of Stella Garcia Guerra To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Interior <89061302.html>
Nomination of Chas. W. Freeman, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia <89061407.html>
Nomination of Warren A. Lavorel for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as United States Coordinator
for the Multilateral Trade Negotiations <89061408.html>
Nomination of Edward T. Timperlake To Be an Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs <89061409.html>
Nomination of Raoul L. Carroll To Be General Counsel of the Department of Veterans Affairs
<89061410.html>
Nomination of Stephen A. Wakefield To Be General Counsel of the Department of Energy
<89061502.html>
Nomination of J. Michael Davis To Be an Assistant Secretary of Energy <89061503.html>
Nomination of Luigi R. Einaudi To Be Permanent United States Representative to the Organization of
American States <89061504.html>
Nomination of Stephen John Hadley To Be an Assistant Secretary of Defense <89061602.html>
Nomination of Henry S. Rowen To Be an Assistant Secretary of Defense <89061603.html>
Nomination of Andrew Camp Barrett To Be a Member of the Federal Communications Commission
<89061604.html>
Nomination of Sherrie P. Marshall To Be a Member of the Federal Communications Commission
<89061605.html>
Nomination of S. Anthony McCann To Be an Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs <89062003.html>
Nomination of Wade F. Horn To Be Chief of the Children's Bureau <89062005.html>
Nomination of Susan M. Coughlin To Be a Member of the National Transportation Safety Board
<89062006.html>
Nomination of John J. Easton, Jr., To Be an Assistant Secretary of Energy <89062101.html>
Nomination of Victor Stello, Jr., To Be an Assistant Secretary of Energy <89062102.html>
Nomination of Claire E. Freeman To Be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
<89062105.html>
Nomination of Gerard F. Scannell To Be an Assistant Secretary of Labor <89062106.html>
Nomination of Richard A. Clarke To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89062107.html>
Nomination of Lou Gallegos To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Interior <89062200.html>
Nomination of Richard Burleson Stewart To Be an Assistant Attorney General <89062201.html>
Nomination of Thomas E. Collins III To Be an Assistant Secretary of Labor <89062202.html>
Nomination of John D. Macomber To Be President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States
<89062203.html>
Nomination of Eugene Kistler Lawson To Be First Vice President of the Export-Import Bank of the United
States <89062204.html>
Nomination of Five Members of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, and Designation of Chairman
and Vice Chairman <89062300.html>
Nomination of Evelyn Irene Hoopes Teegen To Be United States Ambassador to Fiji, Tonga, Tuvalu and
Kiribati <89062606.html>
Nomination of Thomas F. Stroock To Be United States Ambassador to Guatemala <89062607.html>
19
Nomination of Alexander Fletcher Watson To Be Deputy United States Representative to the United
Nations <89062608.html>
Nomination of Harry M. Snyder To Be Director of the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and
Enforcement <89062610.html>
Nomination of Alfred C. Sikes To Be a Member of the Federal Communications Commission, and
Designation as Chairman <89062801.html>
Nomination of Joy A. Silverman To Be United States Ambassador to Barbados, Dominica, St. Lucia, and
St. Vincent and the Grenadines <89062904.html>
Nomination of Eugene P. Kopp To Be Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency
<89062905.html>
Nomination of Jean McKee To Be a Member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority, and Designation as
Chairman <89062907.html>
Nomination of Jane A. Kenny To Be Director of ACTION <89063002.html>
Nomination of Linda M. Combs To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury <89070501.html>
Nomination of Eric M. Javits To Be United States Ambassador to Venezuela <89070602.html>
Nomination of Michael G. Sotirhos To Be United States Ambassador to Greece <89070603.html>
Nomination of Arthur W. Fort To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89070706.html>
Nomination of Milton James Wilkinson To Be Deputy United States Representative to the United Nations
Security Council <89070707.html>
Nomination of John E. Frohnmayer To Be Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Arts
<89070708.html>
Nomination of Martin C. Faga To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Air Force <89071107.html>
Nomination of Raymond Charles Ewing To Be United States Ambassador to Ghana <89071108.html>
Nomination of Allen B. Clark, Jr., To Be an Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs <89071402.html>
Nomination of Anne Newman Foreman To Be Under Secretary of the Air Force <89071403.html>
Nomination of Herbert D. Kleber To Be a Deputy Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
<89071404.html>
Nomination of Thomas C. Dawson II To Be United States Executive Director of the International Monetary
Fund <89071405.html>
Nomination of Johnny Young To Be United States Ambassador to Sierra Leone <89071406.html>
Nomination of William Lacy Swing To Be United States Ambassador to South Africa <89071407.html>
Nomination of John W. Shannon To Be Under Secretary of the Army <89071408.html>
Nomination of Linda J. Fisher To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
<89071409.html>
Nomination of Gwendolyn S. King To Be Commissioner of Social Security <89071410.html>
Nomination of Lannon Walker To Be United States Ambassador to Nigeria <89071701.html>
Nomination of John A. Betti To Be an Under Secretary of Defense <89071702.html>
Nomination of Howard K. Walker To Be United States Ambassador to Madagascar and Comoros
<89071703.html>
Nomination of Glen A. Holden To Be United States Ambassador to Jamaica <89071704.html>
Nomination of John A. Knauss To Be an Under Secretary of Commerce <89071904.html>
Nomination of Sally J. Novetzke To Be United States Ambassador to Malta <89071905.html>
Nomination of Loret M. Ruppe To Be United States Ambassador to Norway <89071906.html>
Nomination of Nicolas Miklos Salgo for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as Special Negotiator for
Property Issues <89071907.html>
Nomination of Clifford R. Oviatt, Jr., To Be a Member of the National Labor Relations Board
<89071909.html>
Nomination of Donald F. Rodgers To Be a Member of the National Labor Relations Board
<89071910.html>
Nomination of Sheldon J. Krys To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89071911.html>
Nomination of Charles Warren Hostler To Be United States Ambassador to Bahrain <89072105.html>
Nomination of Gordon K. Durnil To Be a Commissioner on the International Joint Commission -- United
States and Canada <89072106.html>
Nomination of J. Clarence Davies To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency <89072107.html>
Nomination of Mark Gregory Hambley To Be United States Ambassador to Qatar <89072108.html>
20
Nomination of David C. Williams To Be Inspector General of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
<89072109.html>
Nomination of Michael P.W. Stone To Be Secretary of the Army <89072403.html>
Nomination of John M. Sayre To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Interior <89072505.html>
Nomination of Robert R. Randlett To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Agency for International
Development <89072506.html>
Nomination of Raymond G.H. Seitz To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89072507.html>
Nomination of Stanley E. Morris To Be a Deputy Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
<89072508.html>
Nomination of JoAnn Krukar Webb To Be Director of the National Cemetery System <89072509.html>
Nomination of Barbara E. McTurk To Be Superintendent of the United States Mint at Denver
<89072510.html>
Nomination of John T. Martino To Be Superintendent of the United States Mint at Philadelphia
<89072511.html>
Nomination of Cindy Shinga Daub To Be a Commissioner of the Copyright Royalty Tribunal
<89072602.html>
Nomination of Pamela Talkin To Be a Member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority <89072703.html>
Nomination of Terrence O'Donnell To Be General Counsel of the Department of Defense
<89073104.html>
Nomination of J. Daniel Howard To Be Under Secretary of the Navy <89073105.html>
Nomination of Jonathan Moore To Be an Alternate United States Representative to the United Nations
<89080100.html>
Nomination of Ronald J. Sorini for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as United States Negotiator on
Textile Matters <89080103.html>
Nomination of James Richard Cheek To Be United States Ambassador to Sudan <89080104.html>
Nomination of Stephen Read Hanmer, Jr., To Be Deputy Director of the United States Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency <89080202.html>
Nomination of William Ludwig Jacobsen To Be United States Ambassador to Guinea-Bissau
<89080402.html>
Nomination of James M. Strock To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
<89080403.html>
Nomination of Elizabeth M. Tamposi To Be an Assistant Secretary of State <89080404.html>
Nomination of Sidney L. Jones To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury <89080405.html>
Nomination of Reginald J. Brown To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Agency for International
Development <89080406.html>
Nomination of Gene McNary To Be Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
<89080407.html>
Nomination of Robert M. Gates To Be Assistant to the President and Deputy for National Security Affairs
<89080408.html>
Nomination of James David Berg To Be Executive Vice President of the Overseas Private Investment
Corporation <89080409.html>
Nomination of Robert Clifton Duncan To Be Director of Operational Test and Evaluation at the
Department of Defense <89080410.html>
Nomination of Harold B. Steele To Be a Member of the Farm Credit Administration Board, and
Designation as Chairman <89080411.html>
Nomination of Stuart Michael Gerson To Be an Assistant Attorney General <89080414.html>
Nomination of Warren G. Leback To Be Administrator of the Maritime Administration <89080415.html>
Nomination of Forrest J. Remick To Be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
<89080416.html>
Nomination of Penne Percy Korth To Be United States Ambassador to Mauritius <89080417.html>
Nomination of Christopher H. Phillips To Be United States Ambassador to Brunei <89080418.html>
Nomination of Joan D. Aikens To Be a Member of the Federal Election Commission <89080419.html>
Nomination of John Warren McGarry To Be a Member of the Federal Election Commission
<89080420.html>
Nomination of Charles E. Cobb, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to Iceland <89080903.html>
21
Nomination of Richard C. Breeden To Be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and
Designation as Chairman <89081401.html>
Nomination of James R. Locher III To Be an Assistant Secretary of Defense <89081502.html>
Nomination of Christopher Jehn To Be an Assistant Secretary of Defense <89082402.html>
Nomination of Ronald E. Ray To Be an Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs <89082403.html>
Nomination of Kenneth L. Brown To Be United States Ambassador to Cote d'Ivoire <89082404.html>
Nomination of Craig S. King To Be General Counsel of the Navy <89082405.html>
Nomination of Melva G. Wray To Be Director of the Office of Minority Economic Impact at the
Department of Energy <89082406.html>
Nomination of Tony Armendariz To Be a Member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority
<89082407.html>
Nomination of Barbara Spyridon Pope To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Navy <89082900.html>
Nomination of Dennis B. Underwood To Be Commissioner of Reclamation at the Department of the
Interior <89082901.html>
Nomination of Jacqueline L. Phillips To Be Federal Cochairman of the Appalachian Regional Commission
<89082903.html>
Nomination of Carroll A. Campbell, Jr., To Be a Member of the Board of Trustees of the James Madison
Memorial Fellowship Foundation <89082904.html>
Nomination of Bill R. Phillips To Be Deputy Director of the Office of Personnel Management
<89083001.html>
Nomination of Frank B. Sollars To Be a Member of the Board of Directors of the National Consumer
Cooperative Bank <89083002.html>
Nomination of Jennifer Joy Wilson To Be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce <89090602.html>
Nomination of Duane Perry Andrews To Be an Assistant Secretary of Defense <89090704.html>
Nomination of David Courtland O'Neal To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Interior <89090705.html>
Nomination of Margot E. Machol To Be a Member of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission
<89090709.html>
Nomination of LaJuana Sue Wilcher To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency <89090710.html>
Nomination of Alan Green, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to Romania <89090800.html>
Nomination of Marion V. Creekmore, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to Sri Lanka and Maldives
<89090801.html>
Nomination of Curtis Virgil McVee To Be Federal Cochairman of the Alaska Land Use Council
<89091104.html>
Nomination of H. Allen Holmes To Be Ambassador at Large for Burdensharing <89091106.html>
Nomination of George W. Haley To Be a Member of the Postal Rate Commission, and Designation as
Chairman <89091107.html>
Nomination of Leonard L. Haynes III To Be an Assistant Secretary of Education <89091108.html>
Nomination of Mary Sterling To Be an Assistant Secretary of Labor <89091202.html>
Nomination of William James Tattersall To Be an Assistant Secretary of Labor <89091203.html>
Nomination of Barbara Zartman To Be Deputy Director of the Peace Corps <89091204.html>
Nomination of Donald Belton Ayer To Be Deputy Attorney General <89091301.html>
Nomination of Adis Maria Vila To Be an Assistant Secretary of Agriculture <89091303.html>
Nomination of William P. Glade To Be an Associate Director of the United States Information Agency
<89091305.html>
Nomination of Velma Montoya To Be a Member of the Occupational Safety and Health Review
Commission <89091306.html>
Nomination of Edward G. Lewis To Be an Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs <89091502.html>
Nomination of Alvin P. Adams, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to Haiti <89091503.html>
Nomination of Richard H. Melton To Be United States Ambassador to Brazil <89091807.html>
Nomination of Catherine Ann Bertini To Be an Assistant Secretary of Agriculture <89092000.html>
Nomination of Thomas E. Anfinson To Be a Deputy Under Secretary of Education <89092001.html>
Nomination of Christopher T. Cross To Be an Assistant Secretary of Education <89092002.html>
Nomination of David Jameison Smith for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as Chief Negotiator for
Defense and Space <89092101.html>
22
Nomination of Edwin G. Foulke, Jr., To Be a Member of the Occupational Safety and Health Review
Commission, and Designation as Chairman <89092600.html>
Nomination of Bruce L. Gardner To Be an Assistant Secretary of Agriculture <89092702.html>
Nomination of E. Donald Elliott To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
<89092703.html>
Nomination of Barbara Everitt Bryant To Be Director of the Bureau of the Census <89092704.html>
Nomination of Bernard E. DeLury To Be Director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
<89092706.html>
Nomination of William H. Young To Be an Assistant Secretary of Energy <89092807.html>
Nomination of Joshua M. Javits To Be a Member of the National Mediation Board <89092808.html>
Nomination of Patrick J. Cleary To Be a Member of the National Mediation Board <89092809.html>
Nomination of William Clark, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to India <89092907.html>
Nomination of Dennis M. Devaney To Be a Member of the National Labor Relations Board
<89092910.html>
Nomination of Keith Leveret Wauchope To Be United States Ambassador to Gabon and to Sao Tome and
Principe <89100201.html>
Nomination of Gordon H. Mansfield To Be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
<89100202.html>
Nomination of Leon Snead To Be Inspector General of the Department of Agriculture <89100203.html>
Nomination of Ann Christine Petersen To Be General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force
<89100204.html>
Nomination of Smith Hempstone, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to Kenya <89100206.html>
Nomination of Hilda Gay Legg To Be Alternate Federal Cochairman of the Appalachian Regional
Commission <89100306.html>
Nomination of Barry M. Goldwater, Sr., To Be a Member of the Board of Directors of the Communications
Satellite Corporation <89100307.html>
Nomination of Cresencio S. Arcos, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to Honduras <89100505.html>
Nomination of Philip L. Christenson To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Agency for International
Development <89100506.html>
Nomination of Francis Terry McNamara To Be United States Ambassador to Cape Verde
<89100507.html>
Nomination of Michael Bruce Donley To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Air Force <89100508.html>
Nomination of Robert P. McMillan To Be a Member of the Board of the Panama Canal Commission
<89100601.html>
Nomination of Ruth V. Washington To Be United States Ambassador to The Gambia <89100605.html>
Nomination of R. James Woolsey for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as the United States
Representative to the Negotiations on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe <89101000.html>
Nomination of Betsy Brand To Be an Assistant Secretary of Education <89101001.html>
Nomination of Robert C. McCormack To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Navy <89101002.html>
Nomination of Richard G. Austin To Be Administrator of General Services <89101003.html>
Nomination of David E. Lewis To Be an Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs <89101101.html>
Nomination of Harry F. Manbeck, Jr., To Be Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks <89101104.html>
Nomination of Jacqueline Jones-Smith To Be a Member and Chairman of the Consumer Product Safety
Commission <89101105.html>
Nomination of Robert W. Sweet, Jr., To Be Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention <89101200.html>
Nomination of Daniel Howard Simpson To Be United States Ambassador to the Central African Republic
<89101601.html>
Nomination of Martin Lewis Allday To Be a Member of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and
Designation as Chairman <89101602.html>
Nomination of Don R. Clay To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
<89101703.html>
Nomination of Bradley Paul Holmes To Be Coordinator for International Communications and Information
Policy at the Department of State <89101804.html>
Nomination of Donald E. Kirkendall To Be Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury
<89101906.html>
23
Nomination of Edward S. Walker, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates
<89102003.html>
Nomination of Allan V. Burman To Be Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy at the Office of
Management and Budget <89102502.html>
Nomination of Frances D. Cook To Be United States Ambassador to Cameroon <89102504.html>
Nomination of the United States Alternate Executive Director and the United States Director of the InterAmerican Development Bank <89102705.html>
Nomination of Edmund DeJarnette, Jr., To Be United States Ambassador to Tanzania <89102706.html>
Nomination of Hilary Paterson Cleveland To Be a Member of the International Joint Commission -- United
States and Canada <89103105.html>
Nomination of Antonia Coello Novello To Be Surgeon General of the Public Health Service
<89110101.html>
Nomination of Ronald William Roskens To Be Administrator of the Agency for International Development
<89110102.html>
Nomination of Susan Morrisey Livingstone To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Army <89110106.html>
Nomination of Abraham N.M. Shashy, Jr., To Be Assistant General Counsel of the Treasury
<89110107.html>
Nomination of Anthony Cecil Eden Quainton To Be United States Ambassador to Peru <89110301.html>
Nomination of G. Kim Wincup To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Army <89110305.html>
Nomination of Stephen J. Ledogar for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as United States
Representative to the Conference on Disarmament <89110604.html>
Nomination of Robert William Houk To Be Public Printer <89110605.html>
Nomination of Barry Lambert Harris To Be Deputy Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration
<89110606.html>
Nomination of Cynthia Shepard Perry To Be United States Ambassador to Burundi <89110704.html>
Nomination of Douglas B. Comer To Be Deputy Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks
<89110705.html>
Nomination of Robert Gregory Joseph for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as a Member of the
U.S.-U.S.S.R. Standing Consultative Commission <89110805.html>
Nomination of Edward J. Philbin To Be a Member of the Interstate Commerce Commission, and
Designation as Chairman <89110806.html>
Nomination of Mary L. Schapiro To Be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission
<89110807.html>
Nomination of Susan J. Crawford To Be Inspector General of the Department of Defense <89110903.html>
Nomination of Martin H. Gerry To Be an Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services
<89111303.html>
Nomination of William Hughes Graves III To Be Director of the National Institute on Disability and
Rehabilitation Research <89111304.html>
Nomination of H. Douglas Barclay To Be a Member of the Board of Directors of the Overseas Private
Investment Corporation <89111305.html>
Nomination of La Verne G. Ausman To Be Administrator of the Farmers Home Administration
<89111403.html>
Nomination of John T. MacDonald To Be an Assistant Secretary of Education <89111502.html>
Nomination of Harriet Winsar Isom To Be United States Ambassador to Benin <89111503.html>
Nomination of Everett Ellis Briggs To Be United States Ambassador to Portugal <89111600.html>
Nomination of Edward Morgan Rowell To Be United States Ambassador to Luxembourg
<89111601.html>
Nomination of Robert William Farrand To Be United States Ambassador to Papua New Guinea, Solomon
Islands, and Vanuatu <89111704.html>
Nomination of J. Steven Rhodes To Be United States Ambassador to Zimbabwe <89111705.html>
Nomination of Jerome G. Cooper To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Air Force <89111706.html>
Nomination of James B. Edwards To Be a Member of the Board of Directors of the Communications
Satellite Corporation <89111707.html>
Nomination of Gail Roggin Wilensky To Be Administrator of the Health Care Financing Administration
<89111708.html>
24
Nomination of Carol Mayer Marshall To Be Superintendent of the Mint of the United States at San
Francisco <89111709.html>
Nomination of John W. Lyons To Be Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
<89111711.html>
Nomination of John J. Maresca for the Rank of Ambassador While Serving as Chairman of the United
States Delegation to the Conference on Confidence and Security Building Measures and Disarmament in
Europe <89032409.html>
Nomination of Peter K. Nunez To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury <89112000.html>
Nomination of William D. Hathaway To Be a Commissioner of the Federal Maritime Commission
<89112001.html>
Nomination of David C. Fields To Be Director of the Office of Foreign Missions <89112002.html>
Nomination of Henrietta Hugentobler Holsman To Be an Assistant Administrator of the Agency for
International Development <89112003.html>
Nomination of Ervin S. Duggan To Be a Member of the Federal Communications Commission
<89112111.html>
Nomination of Tony E. Gallegos To Be a Member of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
<89112112.html>
Nomination of Arthur J. Hill To Be President of the Government National Mortgage Association
<89112113.html>
Nomination of Donald G. Wiseman To Be a Member of the Occupational Safety and Health Review
Commission <89112114.html>
Nomination of Stephen Kay Conver To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Army <89112202.html>
Nomination of William J. Haynes II To Be General Counsel of the Department of the Army
<89112203.html>
Nomination of Enrique Mendez, Jr., To Be an Assistant Secretary of Defense <89120501.html>
Nomination of David E. Jeremiah To Be Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff <89120603.html>
Nomination of David W. Mullins, Jr., To Be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System <89120804.html>
Nomination of Douglas Alan Brook To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Army <89121205.html>
Nomination of Gary C. Byrne To Be Administrator of the Rural Electrification Administration
<89121206.html>
Nomination of Julie E. Carnes To Be a Member of the United States Sentencing Commission
<89121207.html>
Nomination of Donald Robert Quartel To Be a Commissioner at the Federal Maritime Commission
<89121400.html>
Nomination of Paul C. Lambert To Be United States Ambassador to Ecuador <89122202.html>
25
Appendix F: Presidential Appointments not Requiring
Senate Approval
Appointment of Francis S.M. Hodsoll as Executive Associate Director and Chief Financial Officer of the
Office of Management and Budget <89021502.html>
Appointment of G. Philip Hughes as Executive Secretary of the National Security Council
<89022101.html>
Appointment of William L. Roper as Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and Director of
the White House Office of Policy Development <89022102.html>
Appointment of Shirley Moore Green as Special Assistant to the President for Presidential Messages and
Correspondence <89022103.html>
Appointment of Debra Rae Anderson as Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of the Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs <89022804.html>
Appointment of Mark Albrecht as Director of the National Space Council <89030103.html>
Appointment of Burton Lee III as Physician to the President <89031304.html>
Appointment of Charles Nicholas Rostow as Special Assistant to the President for National Security
Affairs <89031305.html>
Appointment of Karl D. Jackson as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89031306.html>
Appointment of Robert D. Blackwill as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89031307.html>
Appointment of William W. Working as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89031308.html>
Appointment of David C. Miller, Jr., as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89031309.html>
Appointment of Virginia A. Lampley as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89031310.html>
Appointment of Richard N. Haass as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89031311.html>
Appointment of Mary McClure as Special Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs
<89040604.html>
Appointment of Bonnie Guiton as Director of the Office of Consumer Affairs at the Department of Health
and Human Services <89042506.html>
Appointment of Zvi Kestenbaum as a Member of the Commission for the Preservation of America's
Heritage Abroad <89050206.html>
Appointment of Barbara Hackman Franklin as a Member of the Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and
Negotiations <89052501.html>
Appointment of Everett Ellis Briggs as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89060504.html>
Appointment of Deane E. Hoffman as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89060505.html>
Appointment of Arnold Kanter as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89060506.html>
Appointment of the 1989 - 1990 White House Fellows <89060900.html>
Appointment of Ronna Romney as a Member of the President's Commission on White House Fellowships,
and Designation as Chairman <89071110.html>
Appointment of Joshua I. Smith as a Member of the Commission on Minority Business Development, and
Designation as Chairman <89071908.html>
Appointment of Five Members of the National Commission on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
<89072002.html>
Appointment of Justin W. Dart, Jr., as Chairman of the President's Committee on Employment of People
With Disabilities <89072704.html>
26
Appointment of Shellyn Gae McCaffrey as the United States Representative on the Governing Body of the
International Labor Office <89072802.html>
Appointment of Juliette C. McLennan as the United States Representative to the Commission on the Status
of Women of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations <89073107.html>
Appointment of Mary V. Bicouvaris as a Member of the Commission on Presidential Scholars
<89082801.html>
Appointment of Craig I. Fields as a Member of the National Commission on Superconductivity
<89082803.html>
Appointment of Irene B. Brooks as an Alternate Federal Member of the Delaware River Basin Commission
<89082804.html>
Appointment of Jack O. Guy as a Member of the American Battle Monuments Commission
<89082902.html>
Appointment of Mark O. Hatfield as a Member of the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States
Constitution <89090605.html>
Appointment of Al Cardenas as a Member of the Board of Directors of the Federal National Mortgage
Association <89090802.html>
Appointment of Henry C. Cashen II as a Member of the Board of Directors of the Federal National
Mortgage Association <89090803.html>
Appointment of George L. Clark, Jr., as a Member of the Board of Directors of the Federal National
Mortgage Association <89090804.html>
Appointment of David H. Sudderth, Jr., as a Member of the American Battle Monuments Commission
<89091308.html>
Appointment of Peter F. Schabarum as a Member of the Advisory Board of the National Air and Space
Museum <89091501.html>
Appointment of Christine D. Reed as a Member of the Board of Directors of the Federal National Mortgage
Association <89091808.html>
Appointment of Robert J. Portman as Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs
<89092502.html>
Appointment of Constance Bastine Harriman as a Member of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission
<89092503.html>
Appointment of John Charles Gartland as a Member of the National Commission for Employment Policy
<89092909.html>
Appointment of J. Brian Gaffney as a Member of the Board of Directors of the Federal National Mortgage
Association <89100308.html>
Appointment of Josephine Mora Velazquez as a Member of the National Commission on Children
<89101106.html>
Appointment of Frederick D. Nelson as an Associate Counsel to the President <89102302.html>
Appointment of Christopher du Pont Roosevelt as a Member of the Roosevelt Campobello International
Park Commission <89102303.html>
Appointment of Five Members of the President's Advisory Committee on the Points of Light Initiative
Foundation <89102304.html>
Appointment of Charles R. Henry as a Member of the Committee for Purchase from the Blind and Other
Severely Handicapped <89102401.html>
Appointment of Daniel W. McKinnon, Jr., as a Member of the Committee for Purchase from the Blind and
Other Severely Handicapped <89102402.html>
Appointment of Thomas F.X. Needles as Special Assistant to the President and Associate Director of
Presidential Personnel <89103104.html>
Appointment of Dean C. Swanson as a Member of the President's National Security Telecommunications
Advisory Committee <89103107.html>
Appointment of William Douglas Fritts, Jr., as an Executive Branch Commissioner-Observer on the
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe <89110600.html>
Appointment of Stephen John Hadley as an Executive Branch Commissioner-Observer on the Commission
on Security and Cooperation in Europe <89110601.html>
Appointment of Elliot L. Richardson as Special Representative of the President for the Multilateral
Assistance Initiative for the Philippines <89110800.html>
Appointment of Sig Rogich as Assistant to the President for Public Events and Initiatives <89110801.html>
27
Appointment of William T. Pryce as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89110802.html>
Appointment of William J. Hilsman as a Member of the President's National Security Telecommunications
Advisory Committee <89110904.html>
Appointment of the Chairman and Members of the President's Drug Advisory Council <89111301.html>
Appointment of Curtis Means Dunbar as a Member of the National Commission on Responsibilities for
Financing Postsecondary Education <89112004.html>
Appointment of Peter W. Senopoulos as a Member of the American Battle Monuments Commission
<89112700.html>
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater on the Appointment of the Coordinator and Deputy Coordinators of
United States Assistance for Eastern Europe <89120600.html>
Appointment of Three Members of the Council of the Administrative Conference of the United States
<89121401.html>
Appointment of Paul F. Oreffice as a Member of the Advisory Committee for Trade and Policy
Negotiations <89121803.html>
Appointment of Edward C. Aldridge, Jr., as a Member of the President's National Security
Telecommunications Advisory Committee <89121804.html>
Appointment of Katharine D. Dukakis as a Member of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council
<89121902.html>
Appointment of Timothy E. Deal as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
<89122200.html>
28
Appendix G: White House Staff Members, Offices
andTitles
"Name Authority","Office Name","Job Title"
"AARHUS, CAROL B.","SPEECHWRITING","RESEARCH ASSISTANT"
"ADAMS, TIMOTHY D.","DOMESTIC ECONOMIC POLICY","DEPUTY ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"ALAVANJA, ROSEMARIE A.","COMPUTER SPECIALIST","COMPUTER SPECIALIST"
"ALDERMAN, CLIFFORD T.","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO
THE PRESIDENT FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS (STATE LEGISLATORS & TRIBAL
LEADERS)"
"ALEXANDER, DAVID R.","ADMINISTRATION","DIRECTOR"
"ALTOFT, LOIS E.","LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATION","CONFIDENTIAL
ASSISTANT"
"ANDERSON, BETSY L.","LEGAL POLICY","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"ANDERSON, PHYLLIS","COUNSEL","ATTORNEY"
"ANDERSON, REBECCA L.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT"
"ANDRES, GARY J.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (HOUSE)","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS"
"ARDLEIGH, KIRSTEN C.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"ASKEW, KENNETH R.","SPEECHWRITING","SPEECHWRITER"
"ATKINSON, CAROLYN F.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","ADMINISTRATIVE
ASSISTANT"
"BARNES, KAREN L.","NATIONAL SERVICE","STAFF ASSISTANT FOR DAILY POINTS OF
LIGHT"
"BARNETT, JANE E.","PUBLIC LIAISON","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"BARRON, DONNA L.","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"BATEMAN, PAUL W.","MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO
THE PRESIDENT FOR MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION AND DIRECTOR OF THE
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION"
"BAUR, KATHLEEN E.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (HOUSE)","PRINCIPAL STAFF ASSISTANT"
"BEALES, RANDOLPH A.","EDUCATION POLICY","DEPUTY ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"BECKER, JEAN","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","DEPUTY PRESS SECRETARY"
"BECKWITH, DAVID C.","PRESS","ASSISTANT TO THE VICE PRESIDENT AND PRESS
SECRETARY"
"BEIGHTOL, DAVID","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
FOR iNTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS, GOVERNORS"
"BELL, LILLIE M.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","DIRECTOR, CORRESPONDENCE
ANALYSIS"
"BINION, ELIZABETH","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"BIZIC, DANICA","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"BLACK, MARTHA M.","DIRECTOR'S OFFICE","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT"
"BLACKBURN, BARBARA A.","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"BLUMENTHAL, GARY R.","AGRICULTURAL POLICY","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND FOOD ASSISTANCE"
"BOEHME, BARBARA","LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATION","CONFIDENTIAL
ASSISTANT"
"BOEHME, BARBARA","LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATION","CONFIDENTIAL
ASSISTANT"
"BOLTEN, JOSHUA B.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
AND DIRECTOR"
"BONINO, CAROLINA O.","OPERATIONS (VISITORS)","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"BOTWIN, SHARON M.","PUBLIC LIAISON","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT TO THE ASSISTANT
TO THE PRESIDENT FOR PUBLIC LIAISON"
29
"BRACKNEY, MARGARET","EXTERNAL AFFAIRS","ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR AND
SPOKESPERSON"
"BRADY, PHILLIP D.","STAFF SECRETARY","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND STAFF
SECRETARY"
"BRENA, BETTINA C.","NATIONAL SERVICE","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR SPECIAL
INITIATIVES"
"BROCK, ANN C.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","DIRECTOR OF SCHEDULING"
"BUCCHOLZ, TODD G.","DOMESTIC ECONOMIC POLICY","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"BULLOCK, KATJA","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","DIRECTOR FOR THE COMPUTER AND
INFORMATION CENTERS"
"BUNTON, JEAN M.","SPEECHWRITING","RESEARCH ASSISTANT"
"BURGESS, MARY J.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"BURMAN, ALLAN","OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY","ADMINISTRATOR"
"BURMEISTER, JANICE L.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","DIRECTOR, PRESIDENT'S
PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE"
"BURNS, FRANCINE M.","COUNSEL","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"BUSCH, MICHAEL J.","PRESS","ASSISTANT PRESS SECRETARY"
"BUSH, GEORGE","IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT","PRESIDENT"
"BUTTERFIELD, WILLIAM J.","CABINET AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"CALDWELL, WILLIAM B.","PUBLIC LIAISON","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"CALIO, NICHOLAS E.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS"
"CAMPBELL, JOYCE","MEDIA AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"CARPENDALE, ANDREW M.","POLICY PLANNING","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR POLICY PLANNING AND SPEECHWRITING"
"CARROLL, MARY K.","OPERATIONS (PERSONNEL)","PERSONNEL ASSISTANT"
"CASSE, DANIEL A.","CABINET AFFAIRS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
CABINET AFFAIRS"
"CASTLE, SHARA A.","NATIONAL SERVICE","WHITE HOUSE INTERN COORDINATOR"
"CHARLES, ROBERT B.","LEGAL POLICY","DEPUTY ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"CHIRDON, DOUGLAS W.","EXECUTIVE CLERK","DEPUTY EXECUTIVE CLERK"
"CHODOROV, JILL M.","NATIONAL SERVICE","STAFF ASSISTANT FOR YOUTH AND
EDUCATION"
"FONG, CLAYTON S.","PUBLIC LIAISON","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
PUBLIC LIAISON"
"COLLEY, CHRISTOPHER D.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"COLLINS, TRACEY R.","PRESS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND DEPUTY
PRESS SECRETARY"
"COOK, DAVID L.","COUNSEL","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"COOK, MICHELLE D.","PUBLIC LIAISON","RECEPTIONIST"
"COOKE, LORRAINE JULIANNE","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","DIRECTOR OF PROJECTS"
"CORNICK, SUSAN A.","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT TO THE
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS"
"COX, PATRICIA H.","APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULING","ASSISTANT FOR SPECIAL
PROJECTS"
"CRABLE, LYNN A.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"CROSS, STEPHANIE M.","OPERATIONS (PHOTOGRAPHY)","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"CSORBA, LES T.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"CURTIS, JANET F.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"DALE, EDWIN L., JR.","DIRECTOR'S OFFICE","COUNSELLOR AND DIRECTOR OF EXTERNAL
AFFAIRS"
"DAMUS, ROBERT G.","GENERAL COUNSEL","GENERAL COUNSEL (ACTING)"
"DANNENHAUER, MICHAEL C.","IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT","STAFF
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT"
"DARMAN, RICHARD G.","DIRECTOR'S OFFICE","DIRECTOR"
30
"DECAIN, JOAN C.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","DIRECTOR, FIRST LADY'S
CORRESPONDENCE"
"DEE, KRIS M.","PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR PUBLIC LIAISON"
"DEHART, LINDA S.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","DIRECTOR, PRESIDENTIAL
MESSAGES"
"DEMAREST, DAVID F., JR.","PUBLIC LIAISON","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR PUBLIC
LIAISON"
"DENNISTON, SUSAN R.","PUBLIC LIAISON","ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER"
"DICKEY, LANA","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"DOLIN, CHRISTOPHER M.","ADMINISTRATION","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"DONAHUE, MARLA M.","PUBLIC LIAISON","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"DONALDSON, HELEN C.","APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULING","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"DONOVAN, TERESA A.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","SENIOR EDITOR/WRITER"
"DOUGLAS, KERI","APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULING","ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENTIAL DIARIST"
"DUGGAN, JOSEPH P.","SPEECHWRITING","SPEECHWRITER"
"DYER, JAMES W.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (SENATE)","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS"
"SHEEHAN, MARIA EITEL","MEDIA AFFAIRS","DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF MEDIA AFFAIRS"
"ELKINS, LUCY M.","APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULING","MANAGER, CORRESPONDENCE
ANALYSIS"
"ELLIS, HELEN M.","POLICY PLANNING","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT"
"EMERY, SARA C.","EXECUTIVE CLERK",
"ENTHOVEN, MARCIA J.","OPERATIONS","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"ERBEN, AMY H.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"FARISH, WILLIAM S.","IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT","THE PRESIDENT'S AIDE"
"FAULK, SUZANNE","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","TRIP COORDINATOR"
"FEHRER, DOUGLAS","OPERATIONS (PERSONNEL)","DIRECTOR"
"FENTON, CATHERINE S.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","DEPUTY SOCIAL SECRETARY"
"FERGUSON, ANDREW","SPEECHWRITING","SPEECHWRITER"
"FIGG, JEANIE L.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"FINCKEN, HEIDI A.","COMMUNICATIONS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"FITCH, GREGORY H.","PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE DEPUTY
ASSISTANT"
"FITZHENRY, JAMES A.","CABINET AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"FLAHERTY, MEGHAN ROSE","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"FORD, ANITA D.","ECONOMICS AND GOVERNMENT","SECRETARY"
"FOSSAN, STEPHANIE J.","HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES POLICY","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"FOSTER, ANDREW","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"FOSTER, GARY","COMMUNICATIONS","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
SPECIAL EVENTS"
"FRANTZ, MARK","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","DEPUTY TO THE SPECIAL
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS"
"FREE, CHARLES M., JR.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE (GIFT UNIT)","DIRECTOR,
WHITE HOUSE GIFTS"
"FROMAN, MICHAEL B.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","WHITE HOUSE FELLOW"
"FURCHTGOTT-ROTH, DIANA E.","POLICY PLANNING","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"FURSE, AUSTEN H., III","POLICY PLANNING","DIRECTOR"
"GARDNER, JOHN S.","STAFF SECRETARY","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
ASSISTANT STAFF SECRETARY"
"GATZEMEYER, MARGARET E.","MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION","EXECUTIVE
ASSISTANT"
"GEISLER, RONALD R.","EXECUTIVE CLERK","EXECUTIVE CLERK"
"GEORGE, J. RUSSELL","NATIONAL SERVICE","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR POLICY"
"GERSHOWITZ, GARY J.","SPEECHWRITING","RESEARCH ASSISTANT"
31
"GIBSON, JOAN G.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","ADMINISTRATIVE AIDE"
"GIBSON, KIMBERLY T.","EXTERNAL AFFAIRS","DIRECTOR OF SPECIAL PROJECTS"
"GILLETTE, KATHERINE","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"GILMAN, PAUL","NATURAL RESROUCES, ENERGY, AND SCIENCE","ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR"
"GIORNO, KAREN R.","OPERATIONS (VISITORS)","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"GOBER, ELLEN J.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (HOUSE)","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"GOLDBERG, JULIE A.","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT
FOR PRESS"
"GOLDSTEIN, EDWARD S.","ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
POLICY","DEPUTY ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"GONSOULIN, ELIZABETH E.","SCHEDULING AND PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT
FOR SCHEDULING"
"GOOD, TERRY W.","RECORDS MANAGEMENT","DIRECTOR"
"GOODLING, ROB A.","ADMINISTRATION","DIRECTOR OF ADMINISTRATION"
"GOODWIN, MARTHA H.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"GORMAN, TERESA A.","ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
POLICY","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"GOSDECK, MARILYN J.","COUNSEL","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"GRADY, ROBERT E.","DIRECTOR'S OFFICE","EXECUTIVE ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"GRAVES, JANET L.","NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS","SECRETARY"
"GREEN, SHIRLEY M.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGES AND CORRESPONDENCE"
"GREEN, SUSAN D.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","ASSISTANT DIRECTOR"
"GROOMES, KAREN H.","COMMUNICATIONS","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
COMMUNICATIONS"
"GROSSMAN, JENNIFER A.","SPEECHWRITING","RESEARCH ASSISTANT"
"GWALTNEY, ANNE B.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"HAINES, ANN H.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"HALE, JANET","ECONOMICS AND GOVERNMENT","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"HELEY, SONDRA J.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","DEPUTY PRESS SECRETARY"
"HANSEN, DEBORA B.","COUNSEL","ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT"
"HARLEY, C. EMILE","OPERATIONS (ADMINISTRATION)","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"HARPRING, MARY GABRIEL","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (HOUSE)","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"HARRY, JULIE","COUNSEL","VOLUNTEER LEGAL INTERN"
"HARTMAN, JENNIFER","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"HAVENS, ARNOLD","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (HOUSE)","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS"
"HAZELRIGG, MARGARET J.","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR FOR TRIP COORDINATION"
"HAZLITT, WALTER C.","PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT"
"HECHT, TIMOTHY P.","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR PROJECTS AND
EVENTS"
"HENCKEL, BARBARA H.","OPERATIONS (PHOTOGRAPHY)","PHOTO EDITING OFFICE,
EDITOR"
"HENDRIX, EUNICE C.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","ADMINISTRATIVE
ASSISTANT"
"HERRICK, JOHN F., JR.","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO
THE PRESIDENT FOR ADVANCE"
"HERRMANN, JOHN M.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"HILL, J. FRENCH","DOMESTIC ECONOMIC POLICY","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT"
"HODSELL, FRANCIS S.","DIRECTOR'S OFFICE","DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR MANAGEMENT"
"HOGHAUG, ERIK M.","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
32
"HOLIDAY, EDITH E.","CABINET AFFAIRS","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
SECRETARY OF THE CABINET"
"HOLLAND, CAROLYN M.","COUNSEL","SPECIAL ASSISTANT"
"HOLMSTEAD, JEFFREY R.","COUNSEL","ASSOCIATE COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT"
"HOLT, KATHERINE R.","MEDIA AFFAIRS","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"HOMSTEAD, JEFFREY R.","NATIONAL SERVICE","DAILY POINTS OF LIGHT COORDINATOR"
"HORNER, CONSTANCE J.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
AND DIRECTOR"
"HOGHAUG, ERIK M.","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"HOUSTON, MICHELLE A.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","ASSISTANT DIRECTOR,
WHITE HOUSE GIFTS"
"HOWARD, JOHN W.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (HOUSE)","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS"
"HOWARD, ROBERT E.","NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL
AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"HUANG, NANCY","IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT","STAFF ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT"
"HUDSON, MAUREEN A.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","DIRECTOR, SECRETARIAL
AND TYPING"
"HUFFORD, THOMAS F.","OPERATIONS (ADMINISTRATION)","TRAVEL MANAGER"
"HINCHCLIFFE, ELIZABETH M.","SPEECHWRITING","SPEECHWRITER"
"HUTCHINSON, CATHERINE","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"HUTCHISON, KATHRYN C.","ADVANCE","TRIP COORDINATOR"
"HYDE, KRISTIN K.","PRESS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"INGALS, MARY L.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","PRESIDENTIAL PHOTO
REQUESTS"
"JACANIN, MARILYN R.","OPERATIONS (PHOTOGRAPHY)","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"JACKSON, CARON S.","CHIEF OF STAFF","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT TO THE CHIEF OF STAFF"
"JAEGER, LISA M.","CABINET AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"JENKINS, ANNA J.","ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES POLICY","STAFF
ASSISTANT"
"JOHNS, MICHAEL","SPEECHWRITING","SPEECHWRITER"
"JOHNSON, JANET","OPERATIONS (VISITORS)","DIRECTOR"
"JOHNSON, KARI","COUNSEL","SECURITY ASSISTANT"
"JOHNSON, LEE R.","RECORDS MANAGEMENT","ASSISTANT DIRECTOR"
"JOHNSON, LIVIA","NATIONAL SERVICE","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR"
"JONAS, MARGARET M.","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"JONES, FLOYD D.","PRESS (NEWS SUMMARY)","DEPUTY DIRECTOR"
"JONES, NANCY M.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT"
"KALBAUGH, DAVID","EXECUTIVE CLERK","ASSISTANT TO THE EXECUTIVE CLERK"
"KAUFMAN, RONALD C.","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS"
"KELLER, JOHN G.","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR SPECIAL INITIATIVES"
"KELLOGG, DIANA","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE",
"KELLY, LISA STEHLI","COMMUNICATIONS","INTERN"
"KELLY, MARGUERITE G.","MEDIA AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"KENISTON, SHERI M.","MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"KENNELLE, LYN D.","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR
SPECIAL PROJECTS"
"KILBERG, BARBARA B.","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR"
"KING, REGINA SUE","OPERATIONS","PURCHASING SPECIALIST"
"KOLB, CHARLES E. M.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
FOR DOMESTIC POLICY"
33
"KOMOSA, JENNIFER L.","CABINET AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"KORFONTA, PAUL","CABINET AFFAIRS","DEPUTY ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR STAFF
OPERATIONS"
"KREMER, CECILE B.","PUBLIC LIAISON","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
DIRECTOR"
"KUTTNER, JOHANNES C.","HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES POLICY","ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR"
"KYHOS, TAMARA L.","SCHEDULING AND PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT FOR
SCHEDULING"
"LAKE, KEITH A.","APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULING","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"ZAMARIA, ROSE M.","IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO
THE PRESIDENT"
"LAWSON, MADELYN","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"LEACH, MARY S.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"LEE, LENA F.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT"
"LEFKOWITZ, JAY P.","CABINET AFFAIRS","DIRECTOR"
"LIMO, DIANE G.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"LINDSAY, NICOLE R.","LEGAL POLICY","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"ZOELLICK, ROBERT B.","CHIEF OF STAFF","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND DEPUTY
CHIEF OF STAFF"
"LIBERMAN, LEE S.","COUNSEL","ASSOCIATE COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT"
"LUCAS, PERRY","NATIONAL SERVICE","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR EVENTS AND CABINET
AFFAIRS"
"LUKENS, MEL","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","DEPUTY DIRECTOR"
"LUTHRINGER, PAUL J.","MEDIA AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS"
"MACKAY, MACLYN E.","PRESS","ASSISTANT PRESS SECRETARY)"
"MACLEAN, ROBIN A.","IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT","STAFF ASSISTANT TO
THE PRESIDENT"
"MADDOX, MARY L.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","ASSISTANT DIRECTOR"
"MANER, ANDREW B.","PRESS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"MANNE, EMILY K.","SCHEDULING AND PUBLIC LIAISON","STAFF ASSISTANT FOR PUBLIC
LIAISON"
"MARTIN, CHRISTINA M.","SPEECHWRITING","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE ASSISTANT TO
THE PRESIDENT FOR SPEECHWRITING"
"MARTIN, CHRISTINA M.","SPEECHWRITING","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE ASSISTANT TO
THE PRESIDENT FOR SPEECHWRITING"
"MARTIN, TAMMY P.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"MARUYAMA, WARREN H.","INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY","ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR"
"MAYS, CATHY L.","INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"MAZUR, EDWARD","MANAGEMENT (FEDERAL FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT)","CONTROLLER"
"MCBRIDE, TIMOTHY J.","MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION","ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION"
"MCCATHRAN, ELLEN","APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULING","DIARIST"
"MCGRATH, JAMES","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"MCGROARTY, DANIEL B.","SPEECHWRITING","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
AND DEPUTY DIRECTOR"
"MCKERNAN, KIM F.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (HOUSE)","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS"
"MCCATHRAN, WILLIAM W.","EXECUTIVE CLERK","ASSISTANT TO THE EXECUTIVE
CLERK"
"MCNEILL, PAUL J.","MEDIA AFFAIRS","ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR CORRESPONDENCE"
"MEAD, EMILY M.","POLICY PLANNING","SENIOR STAFF MEMBER"
"MELILLO, LAURA","PRESS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND DEPUTY PRESS
SECRETARY"
34
"MENDOZA, MANUAEL A.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","SUPERINTENDENT, MAIL
ROOM"
"MERKLE, LESLIE C. K.","COUNSEL","SECURITY ASSISTANT"
"METZGER, LEIGH ANN","PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE DEPUTY
ASSISTANT"
"METZLER, JANE R.","ADMINISTRATION","ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT"
"MEYERS, STEVEN J.","ADMINISTRATION","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"MILANO, CAROL LANCASTER","COMMUNICATIONS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR COMMUNICATIONS"
"MILLER, NANCY F.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"MINCY, ANNE J.","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","TRIP COORDINATOR"
"MOBLEY, HELEN R.","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","DEPUTY TO THE SPECIAL
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS"
"MONTAGNE, BRIDGET M.","CHIEF OF STAFF","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE CHIEF OF
STAFF"
"MONTGOMERY, ERIC W.","PRESS","ASSISTANT PHOTOGRAPHER"
"MOORE, C. D.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","DIRECTOR, GREETINGS, COMMENTS
AND VOLUNTEERS"
"MOORE, JANE A.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","TRAVEL COORDINATOR"
"MOORE, MARGARET A.","HUMAN RESOURCES, VETERANS, AND LABOR","CONFIDENTIAL
ASSISTANT"
"MOORE, SUSAN C.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (SENATE)","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"MORIN, LISA R.","HUMAN RESOURCES, VETERANS, AND LAOBR","SPECIAL ASSISTANT"
"MUIR, ELIZABETH B.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","STAFF ASSISTANTS"
"MURNANE, EDWARD D.","ADVANCE","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
DIRECTOR OF PRESIDENTIAL ADVANCE"
"MURR, JAMES C.","LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATION","ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR"
"NALTCHAYAN, JOYCE","OPERATIONS (PHOTOGRAPHY)","VISUAL INFORMATION
SPECIALIST"
"NASH, CHARLES B.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"NAUGHTON, ERIN E.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"NAYLOR, JEANNETTE L.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT AND DEPUTY DIRECTOR"
"NELSON, RAE K.","EDUCATION POLICY","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"NEWMAN, MARILYN K.","CHIEF OF STAFF","STAFF ASSISTANT TO THE CHIEF OF STAFF"
"NICHOLASON, JOHN R., JR.","NATIONAL SERVICE","STAFF ASSISTANT FOR
CORRESPONDENCE"
"NIX, S. MICHELE","SPEECHWRITING","RESEARCH ASSISTANT"
"NOYES, JENNIFER A.","POLICY PLANNING","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"O'BRIEN, TERESA M.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"O'NEILL, JAMES B.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","WRITER"
"OFFIT, MEG","MEDIA AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"OLENDER, ELLEN","NATIONAL SERVICE","ASSISTANT TO THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR"
"OLSON, TERRLE A.","MANAGEMENT (FEDERAL FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT)","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT"
"OSBORNE, MOLLY P.","PUBLIC LIAISON","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"PAOLETTA, MARK R.","COUNSEL","ASSISTANT COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT"
"PARHAM, LAURA C.","PRESS","ASSISTANT PRESS SECRETARY"
"PARKER, VERNON B.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT AND ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"PEDERSEN, KELLINE R.","POLICY COORDINATING GROUP EXECUTIVE
SECRETARIAT","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"PETERSMEYER, C. GREGG","NATIONAL SERVICE","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
DIRECTOR"
35
"PHILIPS, JANET M.","OPERATIONS (PHOTOGRAPHY)","PHOTO LIBRARIAN"
"PICKART, CLAIRE F.","PRESS","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"PLASTER, HENRY G.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (CONGRESSIONAL
CORRESPONDENCE)","DIRECTOR"
"POEPSEL, JOHN H.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE (GIFT UNIT)","GIFT ANALYST"
"PORTER, ROGER B.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
ECONOMIC AND DOMESTIC POLICY"
"PORTER, ROGER B.","POLICY PLANNING (ECONOMIC AND DOMESTIC
POLICY)","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC AND DOMESTIC POLICY"
"PRESOCK, TRACY L.","OPERATIONS (VISITORS)","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"QUAYLE, J. DANFORTH","IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT","VICE
PRESIDENT"
"QUAYLE, MARILYN","MRS. QUAYLE'S OFFICE","WIFE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT"
"RAY, D. CRAIG","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","LOCAL ADVANCE
REPRESENTATIVE"
"REHNQUIST, JANET","COUNSEL","ASSOCIATE COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT"
"REID, SCHELLY J.","NATIONAL SERVICE","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR MEDIA RELATIONS"
"REID, JAMES M.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"RENNE, JIM","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"RICK, EARLENE F.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","NIGHT SUPERVISOR"
"RILEY, JEFFREY L.","POLITICAL AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSITANT"
"RIORDAN, MARY BETH","COUNSEL","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"ROCKEFELLER, NELSON A., JR.","DIRECTOR'S OFFICE","SPECIAL ASSISTANT"
"ROGERS, DOUGLAS","OPERATIONS (ADMINISTRATION)","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"ROSS, DENNIS","POLICY PLANNING","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR POLICY
PLANNING"
"ROSSO, LORI G.","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","TRIP COORDINATOR"
"ROTZLER, EVALYN B.","COUNSEL","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"RUBIN, MICHAEL E.","OPERATIONS (ADMINISTRATION)","FINANCIAL ANAYLYST"
"RUNION, SALLY B.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"RUNION, SALLY B.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"RUST, KATHRYN E.","PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE DEPUTY ASSISTANT"
"RYAN, KRISTIN E.","DOMESTIC POLICY AND THE COUNCIL ON
COMPETITIVENESS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"RYDER, MARGARET M.","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"SALMON, SCOTT","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR (HOUSE)"
"SALOMONE, SUSANNE C.","APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULING","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"SANCHEZ, SHIREE","PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
PUBLIC LIAISON"
"SAUNDERS, G. T.","EXECUTIVE CLERK","ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE CLERK"
"SCALING, DRUCILLIA S.","SPEECHWRITING","ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER"
"SCHAEFER, JOHN J.","PUBLIC LIAISON","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"SCHAERR, GENE C.","COUNSEL","ASSOCIATE COUNSEL"
"SCHEER, PAIGE ALISON","ADVANCE AND SPECIAL INITIATIVES","TRIP COORDINATOR"
"SCHMITZ, JOHN P.","COUNSEL","DEPUTY COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT"
"SCHRIEFER, SHANNON P.","CABINET AFFAIRS","DEPUTY ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"SCHULTHEISS, F. DEAN","DOMESTIC ECONOMIC POLICY","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"SCOTT, DEBORAH D.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"SCOTT, MATTHEW H.","CABINET AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"SCULLY, THOMAS A.","HUMAN RESOURCES, VETERANS, AND LABOR","ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR"
"SFORZA, SCOTT N.","MEDIA AFFAIRS","DEPUTY TO THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT"
"SHANAHAN, KATHY G.","CABINET AFFAIRS","DEPUTY DIRECTOR"
"SHEEHAN, CHRISTINE G.","POLICY PLANNING","SPECIAL PROJECTS ANALYST"
"SHIELDS, VANNA","GENERAL COUNSEL","CONFIDENTIAL SECRETARY"
36
"SILVERMAN, DAVID","COUNSEL","INTERN"
"SMEALLIE, SHAWN H.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (SENATE)","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS"
"SMITH, BERNICE W.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"SMITH, CURTIS J.","SPEECHWRITING","SPEECHWRITER"
"SMITH, JUDY","PRESS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND DEPUTY PRESS
SECRETARY"
"SMITH, J. DORRANCE","MEDIA AFFAIRS","ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR MEDIA
AFFAIRS"
"SMITH, MARGARET L.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT"
"SMITH, WILLA H.","PUBLIC LIAISON","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"SNOW, ROBERT ANTHONY","MEDIA AFFAIRS","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
FOR MEDIA AFFAIRS"
"SNYDER, JAMES J.","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS (LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS)"
"SCHNEIDER, SHARON","COMMUNICATIONS","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"SOBOL, FRANCIS","COUNSEL","ATTORNEY"
"SOBICH, PETER S., JR.","PRESS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"SPANGLER, JUDITH","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE",
"SPECK, VIRGINIA L.","AGRICULTURAL POLICY","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"SPELL, FRANCES E.","COUNSEL","SPECIAL ASSISTANT"
"STALLINGS, LORI M.","OPERATIONS (PERSONNEL)","PERSONNEL ASSISTANT"
"STANLEY, MARTHA E.","COUNSEL","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"STEFFY, KATHLEEN P.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"STEPHENS, CAROLINE","CABINET AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"STEVENS, MARYANN D.","OPERATIONS (VISITORS)","SUPERVISORY STAFF ASSISTANT"
"STRICHARTZ, ELLEN A.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"SUCHAN, JAY S.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"SWANN, SANDRA L.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"SWANSON, ROBERT T.","COUNSEL","ASSISTANT COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT"
"SWIFT, MARGARET M.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE","PERSONAL ASSISTANT TO MRS. BUSH"
"TARPLIN, LINDA","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (SENATE)","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS"
"TAYLOR, DAVID F.","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"TAYLOR, TRACEY E.","NATIONAL SERVICE","COORDINATOR, DAILY POINTS OF LIGHT"
"TEMELES, MELISSA JO","CABINET AFFAIRS","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"THEIS, NANCY A.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","DIRECTOR, STUDENTS
CORRESPONDENCE"
"THOMAS, BLAIR","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR (SENATE)"
"THOMAS, JANE E.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT"
"THOMAS, PATRICIA M.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","ASSISTANT DIRECTOR"
"THOMPSON, BETH A.","STAFF SECRETARY","ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT"
"THOMPSON, KRISTIN","APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULING","ADMINISTRATIVE
ASSISTANT"
"TIFFANY, DAVID C.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","DIRECTOR, SPECIAL LETTER
RESPONSE"
"TOLMAN, JONATHAN B.","ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
POLICY","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"TRIPP, LINDA R.","CHIEF OF STAFF","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT TO THE DEPUTY CHIEF OF
STAFF"
"TUFTS, SABRENA E.","SCHEDULING AND PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT FOR
PUBLIC LIAISON"
"TURNER, JONA M.","APPOINTMENTS AND SCHEDULING","STAFF ASSISTANT"
"UBBENS, ELIZABETH R.","OPERATIONS (ADMINISTRATION)","MANAGEMENT SPECIALIST"
"UNDERHILL, DEBORAH A.","FIRST LADY'S OFFICE",
37
"UNDERHILL, JOHN R.","MEDIA AFFAIRS","ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"UPPERMAN, EILEEN M.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","ASSISTANT SUPERVISOR"
"VEIN, CHRIS","OPERATIONS (ADMINISTRATION)","DIRECTOR OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND
FINANCIAL SERVICES"
"VIA, SANDRA L.","LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATION","CONFIDENTIAL
ASSISTANT"
"VOGT, JEFFREY W.","PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
PUBLIC LIAISON"
"WAIDMANN, BRIAN","LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS (SENATE)","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS"
"WALD, HIROSHI","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","INTERMITTENT/INTERN"
"WALDEN, GREGORY S.","COUNSEL","ASSOCIATE COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT"
"WALSH, KIMBERLY A.","PRESS","DEPUTY PRESS SECRETARY"
"WALSH, SEAN T.","PRESS","ASSISTANT PRESS SECRETARY"
"WALTERS, EDWARD J.","SPEECHWRITING","RESEARCH ASSISTANT"
"WARD, BEVERLY J.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","SPECIAL ISSUES"
"WARD, BEVERLY","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","SPECIAL ISSUES"
"WASHINGTON, CAROLYN R.","MRS. QUAYLE'S OFFICE","ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT'S RESIDENCE"
"WATKINS, ELISA L.","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","DEPUTY TO THE SPECIAL
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS"
"WATKINS, SHIRLEY A.","CABINET AFFAIRS","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT"
"WATSON, LINDA L.","OPERATIONS (PERSONNEL)","SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL
ASSISTANT"
"KRESGE, KATHRYN","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"WENK, MICHAEL G.","MANAGEMENT","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT TO THE EXECUTIVE
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR"
"WESSEL, FRANCES R.","STAFF SECRETARY","ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT"
"WHITE, B. ALEXANDER","HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES POLICY","ASSOCIATE
DIRECTOR"
"WHITE, LINDLEY H.","PUBLIC LIAISON","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE DEPUTY ASSISTANT
TO THE PRESIDENT FOR PUBLIC LIAISON"
"WHITEHEAD, MARGARET","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE (GIFT UNIT)",
"WHITNEY, CRAIG D.","ADVANCE","ASSISTANT TO THE VICE PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR
OF ADVANCE"
"WILENSKY, GAIL R.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT","DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
FOR POLICY DEVELOPMENT"
"WILLIAMS, RICHARD L.","POLICY DEVELOPMENT",
"WILLIAMS, PATRICIA","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE",
"WILLIAM, S","PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"WILLIS, GINA M.","EDUCATION POLICY","POLICY ANALYST"
"WINGARD, DORIS J.","OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY","SECRETARY"
"WITHERSPOON, JOHN F., JR.","PRESIDENTIAL CORRESPONDENCE","WRITER"
"WOODS, MARY THERESA","INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS","SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO
THE DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS"
"WOZNIAK, NATALIE S.","PRESS","EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT"
"WRIGHT, GARY D.","OPERATIONS (TRAVEL AND TELEGRAPH SERVICE)","ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR"
"WYLER, ROBERT G.","MANAGEMENT AND INTEGRITY BRANCH","POLICY ANALYST"
"YATES, SUE A.","COUNSEL","CONFIDENTIAL ASSISTANT"
38
Appendix H: Bush Administration Senior Officials
Secretary of Agriculture, Clayton K. Yeutter (1989-1991), Edward Madigan (1991-1993)
Secretary of Commerce, Robert A. Mosbacher (1989-1992), Barbara Hackman Franklin
(1992-1993)
Secretary of Defense, Richard B. Cheney (1989-1993)
Secretary of Education, Lauro Fred Cavazos (1989-1990), Lamar Alexander 1991-1993)
Secretary of Energy, James D. Watkins (1989-1993)
Secretary of Health and Human Services Louis W. Sullivan (1989-1993)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Jack F. Kemp (1989-1993)
Secretary of the Interior, Samuel Lujan, Jr. (1989-1993)
Attorney General, Richard L. Thornburgh (1989-1991), William P. Barr (1991-1993)
Secretary of Labor, Elizabeth Hanford Dole (1989-1991), Lynn Martin (1991-1993)
Secretary of State, James A. Baker III (1989-1992), Lawrence Eagleburger (1992-1993)
Secretary of Transportation, Samuel K. Skinner (1989-1992), Andrew H. Card (19921993)
Secretary of Treasury, Nicholas F. Brady (1989-1993)
Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Edward J. Derwinski (1989-1993)
39
Appendix I: Presidential Advisors
"Prefix","First Name","Middle Name","Last Name","Suffix","Nickname"
"The Reverend","Jack",,"Allin",,
,"Thomas","Ludlow","Ashley",,"Lud"
,"James","A.","Baker","III","Jim"
,"James",,"Allison","Jr.","Jimmy"
,"Charles",,"Barnett",,
,"David",,"Bates",,
,"George","Walker","Bush",,
,"Dick",,"Moore",,
,"Brent",,"Scowcroft",,
,"Alan","K.","Simpson",,
,"Marlin",,"Fitzwater",,
40
Appendix J: Members of the House of Representatives
of 101st Congress
Ackerman, Gary L. (NY-7)
Akaka, Daniel K. (HI-2)
Alexander, Bill (AR-1)
Anderson, Glenn M. (CA-32)
Andrews, Michael (TX-25)
Annunzio, Frank (IL-11)
Anthony, Beryl, Jr. (AR-4)
Applegate, Douglas (OH-18)
Archer, Bill (TX-7)
Armey, Richard K. (TX-26)
Aspin, Les (WI-1)
Atkins, Chester G. (MA-5)
AuCoin, Les (OR-1)
Baker, Richard H. (LA-6)
Ballenger, Cass (NC-10)
Barnard, Doug, Jr. (GA-10)
Bartlett, Steve (TX-3)
Barton, Joe (TX-6)
Bateman, Herbert H. (VA-1)
Bates, Jim (CA-44)
Beilenson, Anthony C. (CA-23)
Bennett, Charles E. (FL-3)
Bentley, Helen Delich (MD-2)
Bereuter, Doug (NE-1)
Berman, Howard L. (CA-26)
Bevill, Tom (AL-4)
Bilbray, James H. (NV-1)
Bilirakis, Michael (FL-9)
Blaz, Ben G. (GU)
Bliley, Tom (VA-3)
Boehlert, Sherwood L. (NY-25)
Boggs, Corinne C. (Lindy)(LA-2)
Bonior, David (MI-12)
Borski, Robert A. (PA-3)
Bosco, Douglas H. (CA-1)
Boucher, Rick (VA-9)
Boxer, Barbara (CA-6)
Brennan, Joseph E.(ME-1)
Brooks, Jack B. (TX-9)
Broomfield, William S. (MI-18)
Browder, Glen (AL-3)
Brown, George E., Jr. (CA-36)
41
Brown, Hank (CO-4)
Bruce, Terry L. (IL-19)
Bryant, John W. (TX-5)
Buechner, Jack (MO-2)
Bunning, Jim (KY-4)
Burton, Dan (IN-6)
Bustamante, Albert G. (TX-23)
Byron, Beverly B. (MD-6)
Callahan, Sonny (AL-1)
Campbell, Ben Nighthorse (CO-3)
Campbell, Tom (CA-12)
Cardin, Benjamin L. (MD-3)
Carper, Thomas R. (DE-At large)
Carr, Bob (MI-6)
Chandler, Rod D. (WA-8)
Chapman, Jim (TX-1)
Cheney, Dick (WY-At large)
Clarke, James McC. (NC-11)
Clay, William (Bill) (MO-1)
Clement, Bob (TN-5)
Clinger, William F., Jr. (PA-23)
Coble, Howard (NC-6)
Coelho, Anthony Lee (CA-15)
Coleman, E. Thomas (MO-6)
Coleman, Ronald D. (TX-16)
Collins, Cardiss (IL-7)
Combest, Larry (TX-19)
Condit, Gary A. (CA-15)
Conte, Silvio O. (MA-1)
Conyers, John, Jr. (MI-1)
Cooper, James H. (TN-4)
Costello, Jerry F. (IL-21)
Coughlin, Lawrence (PA-13)
Courter, Jim (NJ-12)
Cox, Christopher (CA-40)
Coyne, William J. (PA-14)
Craig, Larry (ID-1)
Crane, Philip M. (IL-12)
Crockett, George W., Jr. (MI-13)
Dannemeyer, William E. (CA-39)
Darden, George (Buddy) (GA-7)
Davis, Robert W. (MI-11)
de la Garza, E (TX-15)
de Lugo, Ron (VI)
DeFazio, Peter A. (OR-4)
DeLay, Tom (TX-22)
42
Dellums, Ronald V. (CA-8)
Derrick, Butler C., Jr. (SC-3)
DeWine, Michael (OH-7)
Dickinson, William L. (AL-2)
Dicks, Norman D. (WA-6)
Dingell, John D. (MI-16)
Dixon, Julian C. (CA-28)
Donnelly, Brian J. (MA-11)
Dorgan, Byron L. (ND-At large)
Dornan, Robert K. (CA-38)
Douglas, Chuck (NH-2)
Downey, Thomas J. (NY-2)
Dreier, David (CA-33)
Duncan, John J., Jr. (IN-2)
Durbin, Richard J. (IL-20)
Dwyer, Bernard J. (NJ-6)
Dymally, Mervyn M. (CA-31)
Dyson, Roy (MD-1)
Early, Joseph D. (MA-3)
Eckart, Dennis E. (OH-11)
Edwards, Don (CA-10)
Edwards, Mickey (OK-5)
Emerson, Bill (MO-8)
Engel, Eliot L. (NY-19)
English, Glenn (OK-6)
Erdreich, Ben (AL-6)
Espy, Mike (MS-2)
Evans, Lane (IL-17)
Faleomavaega, Eni F. H. (AS)
Fascell, Dante B. (FL-19)
Fauntroy, Walter E. (DC)
Fawell, Harris W. (IL-13)
Fazio, Vic (CA-4)
Feighan, Edward F. (OH-19)
Fields, Jack (TX-8)
Fish, Hamilton, Jr. (NY-19)
Flake, Floyd H. (NY-6)
Flippo, Ronnie G.
Florio, James J. (NJ-1)
Foglietta, Thomas M. (PA-1)
Foley, Thomas S. (WA-5)
Ford, Harold E., Jr. (TN-9)
Ford, William D. (MI-13)
Frank, Barney (MA-4)
Frenzel, Bill (MN-3)
Frost, Martin (TX-24)
43
Fuster, Jamie B. (PR)
Gallegly, Elton (CA-21)
Gallo, Dean A. (NJ-11)
Garcia, Robert (NY-18)
Gaydos, Joseph M. (PA-20)
Gejdenson, Sam (CT-2)
Gekas, George W. (PA-17)
Gephardt, Richard A. (MO-3)
Geren, Pete (TX-12)
Gibbons, Sam (FL-7)
Gillmor, Paul E. (OH-5)
Gilman, Benjamin A. (NY-22)
Gingrich, Newt (GA-6)
Glickman, Dan (KS-4)
Gonzalez, Henry B. (TX-20)
Goodling, William F. (PA-19)
Gordon, Bart (TN-6)
Goss, Porter J. (FL-13)
Gradison, Willis D., Jr. (OH-2)
Grandy, Fred (IA-6)
Grant, Bill (FL-2)
Gray, William H., III (PA-2)
Green, S. William (NY-15)
Guarini, Frank J. (NJ-14)
Gunderson, Steve (WI-3)
Hall, Ralph M. (TX-4)
Hall, Tony P. (OH-3)
Hamilton, Lee H. (IN-9)
Hammerschmidt, John P. (AR-3)
Hancock, Mel (MO-7)
Hansen, James V. (UT-1)
Harris, Claude (AL-7)
Hastert, J. Dennis (IL-14)
Hatcher, Charles (GA-2)
Hawkins, Augustus F. (CA-29)
Hayes, Charles A. (IL-1)
Hayes, James A. (LA-7)
Hefley, Joel (CO-5)
Hefner, W. G. (Bill) (NC-8)
Henry, Paul B. (MI-5)
Herger, Wally (CA-2)
Hertel, Dennis M. (MI-14)
Hiler, John Patrick (IN-3)
Hoagland, Peter (NE-2)
Hochbrueckner, George J. (NY-1)
Holloway, Clyde (LA-8)
44
Hopkins, Larry J. (KY-6)
Horton, Frank J. (NY-29)
Houghton, Amo (NY-34)
Hoyer, Steny H. (MD-5)
Hubbard, Carroll, Jr. (KY-1)
Huckaby, Thomas J. (Jerry) (LA-5)
Hughes, William J. (NJ-2)
Hunter, Duncan (CA-45)
Hutto, Earl (FL-1)
Hyde, Henry J. (IL-6)
Inhofe, James M. (OK-1)
Ireland, Andrew P. (FL-10)
Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. (IN-10)
James, Craig T. (FL-4)
Jenkins, Edgar L. (GA-9)
Johnson, Nancy L. (CT-6)
Johnson, Tim (SD-At large)
Johnston, Harry (FL-14)
Jones, Ben (GA-4)
Jones, Walter B. (NC-1)
Jontz, Jim (IN-5)
Kanjorski, Paul E. (PA-11)
Kaptur, Marcy (OH-9)
Kasich, John R. (OH-12)
Kastenmeier, Robert W. (WI-2)
Kennedy, Joseph P., II (MA-8)
Kennelly, Barbara B. (CT-1)
Kildee, Dale E. (MI-7)
Kleczka, Gerald D. (WI-4)
Kolbe, Jim (AZ-5)
Kolter, Joseph P. (PA-4)
Kostmayer, Peter H. (PA-8)
Kyl, Jon (AZ-4)
LaFalce, John J. (NY-32)
Lagomarsino, Robert J. (CA-19)
Lancaster, H. Martin (NC-3)
Lantos, Tom (CA-11)
Laughlin, Greg (TX-14)
Leach, James A. (IA-1)
Leath, Marvin (TX-11)
Lehman, Richard H. (CA-18)
Lehman, William (FL-17)
Leland, Mickey (TX-18)
Lent, Norman F. (NY-4)
Levin, Sander M. (MI-17)
Levine, Mel (CA-27)
45
Lewis, Jerry (CA-35)
Lewis, John (GA-5)
Lewis, Thomas F. (FL-12)
Lightfoot, Jim (IA-5)
Lipinski, William O. (IL-5)
Livingston, Bob (LA-1)
Lloyd, Marilyn (TN-3)
Long, Jill L. (IN-4)
Lowery, Bill (CA-41)
Lowey, Nita M. (NY-20)
Luken, Thomas A. (OH-1)
Lukens, Donald E. (OH-8)
Machtley, Ronald K. (RI-1)
Madigan, Edward R. (IL-15)
Manton, Thomas J. (NY-9)
Markey, Edward J. (MA-7)
Marlenee, Ron (MT-2)
Martin, David O'B. (NY-26)
Martin, Lynn M. (IL-16)
Martinez, Matthew G. (CA-30)
Matsui, Robert T. (CA-3)
Mavroules, Nicholas (MA-6)
Mazzoli, Romano L. (KY-3)
McCandless, Alfred A. (Al) (CA-37)
McCloskey, Frank (IN-8)
McCollum, Bill (FL-5)
McCrery, Jim (LA-4)
McCurdy, Dave (OK-4)
McDade, Joseph M. (PA-10)
McDermott, Jim (WA-7)
McEwen, Bob (OH-6)
McGrath, Raymond J. (NY-5)
McHugh, Matthew F. (NY-28)
McMillan, J. Alex (NC-9)
McMillen, Thomas (MD-4)
McNulty, Michael R. (NY-23)
Meyers, Jan (KS-3)
Mfume, Kweisi (MD-7)
Michel, Robert H. (IL-18)
Miller, Clarence E. (OH-10)
Miller, George (CA-7)
Miller, John R. (WA-1)
Mineta, Norman Y. (CA-13)
Mink, Patsy T. (HI-2)
Moakley, John Joseph (MA-9)
Molinari, Guy (NY-14)
46
Molinari, Susan (NY-14)
Mollohan, Alan B. (WV-1)
Montgomery, G. V. (Sonny) (MS-3)
Moody, Jim (WI-5)
Moorhead, Carlos J. (CA-22)
Morella, Constance A. (MD-8)
Morrison, Bruce A. (CT-3)
Morrison, Sid (WA-4)
Mrazek, Robert J. (NY-3)
Murphy, Austin J. (PA-22)
Murtha, John P. (PA-12)
Myers, John T. (IN-7)
Nagle, Dave R. (IA-3)
Natcher, William H. (KY-2)
Neal, Richard E. (MA-2)
Neal, Stephen L. (NC-5)
Nelson, Bill (FL-11)
Nielson, Howard C. (UT-3)
Nowak, Henry (NY-33)
Oakar, Mary Rose (OH-20)
Oberstar, James L. (MN-8)
Obey, David R. (WI-7)
Olin, James R. (VA-6)
Ortiz, Solomon P. (TX-27)
Owens, Major R. (NY-12)
Owens, Wayne (UT-2)
Oxley, Michael G. (OH-4)
Packard, Ron (CA-43)
Pallone, Frank, Jr. (NJ-3)
Panetta, Leon (CA-16)
Parker, Mike (MS-4)
Parris, Stanford E. (Stan) (VA-8)
Pashayan, Charles, Jr. (CA-17)
Patterson, Elizabeth (SC-4)
Paxon, Bill (NY-31)
Payne, Donald M. (NJ-10)
Payne, Lewis F., Jr. (VA-5)
Pease, Donald J. (OH-13)
Pelosi, Nancy (CA-5)
Penny, Timothy J. (MN-1)
Pepper, Claude (FL-18)
Perkins, Carl C. (KY-7)
Petri, Thomas E. (WI-6)
Pickett, Owen B. (VA-2)
Pickle, J. J. (TX-10)
Porter, John Edward (IL-10)
47
Poshard, Glenn (IL-22)
Price, David E. (NC-4)
Pursell, Carl D. (MI-2)
Quillen, James H. (Jimmy) (TN-1)
Rahall, Nick J., II (WV-4)
Rangel, Charles B. (NY-16)
Ravenel, Arthur, Jr. (SC-1)
Ray, Richard B. (GA-3)
Regula, Ralph (OH-16)
Rhodes, John J., III (AZ-1)
Richardson, Bill (NM-3)
Ridge, Thomas J. (PA-21)
Rinaldo, Matthew J. (NJ-7)
Ritter, Don (PA-15)
Roberts, Pat (KS-1)
Robinson, Tommy F. (AR-2)
Roe, Robert A. (NJ-8)
Rogers, Harold (KY-5)
Rohrabacher, Dana (CA-42)
Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana (FL-18)
Rose, Charlie (NC-7)
Rostenkowski, Dan (IL-8)
Roth, Toby (WI-8)
Roukema, Marge (NJ-5)
Rowland, J. Roy (GA-8)
Rowland, John G. (CT-5)
Roybal, Edward R. (CA-25)
Russo, Martin A. (IL-3)
Sabo, Martin Olav (MN-5)
Saiki, Patricia F. (HI-1)
Sangmeister, George E. (IL-4)
Sarpalius, Bill (TX-13)
Savage, Gus (IL-2)
Sawyer, Thomas C. (OH-14)
Saxton, Jim (NJ-13)
Schaefer, Dan (CO-6)
Scheuer, James H. (NY-8)
Schiff, Steven (NM-1)
Schneider, Claudine (RI-2)
Schroeder, Patricia (CO-1)
Schuette, Bill (MI-10)
Schulze, Richard T. (PA-5)
Schumer, Charles E. (NY-10)
Sensenbrenner, F. James, Jr. (WI-9)
Serrano, Jose E. (NY-18)
Sharp, Philip R. (IN-2)
48
Shaw, E. Clay, Jr. (FL-15)
Shays, Christopher (CT-4)
Shumway, Norman D. (CA-14)
Shuster, Bud (PA-9)
Sikorski, Gerry E. (MN-6)
Sisisky, Norman, (VA-4)
Skaggs, David E. (CO-2)
Skeen, Joe (NM-2)
Skelton, Ike (MO-4)
Slattery, Jim (KS-2)
Slaughter, D. French, Jr. (VA-7)
Slaughter, Louise McIntosh (NY-30)
Smith, Christopher H. (NJ-4)
Smith, Denny (OR-5)
Smith, Lamar S. (TX-21)
Smith, Larkin (MS-5)
Smith, Lawrence (FL-16)
Smith, Neal Edward (IA-4)
Smith, Peter (VT-At large)
Smith, Robert C. (NH-1)
Smith, Robert F. (OR-2)
Smith, Virginia (NE-3)
Snowe, Olympia J. (ME-2)
Solarz, Stephen J. (NY-13)
Solomon, Gerald B. H. (NY-24)
Spence, Floyd, (SC-2)
Spratt, John M., Jr. (SC-5)
Staggers, Harley O., Jr. (WV-2)
Stallings, Richard H. (ID-2)
Stangeland, Arlan (MN-7)
Stark, Fortney Pete (CA-9)
Stearns, Cliff (FL-6)
Stenholm, Charles W. (TX-17)
Stokes, Louis (OH-21)
Studds, Gerry E. (MA-10)
Stump, Bob (AZ-3)
Sundquist, Don (TN-7)
Swift, Al (WA-2)
Synar, Mike (OK-2)
Tallon, Robin (SC-6)
Tanner, John S. (TN-8)
Tauke, Thomas Joseph (IA-2)
Tauzin, W. J. (Billy) (LA-3)
Taylor, Gene (MS-5)
Thomas, Craig (WY-At large)
Thomas, Robert Lindsay (GA-1)
49
Thomas, William M. (CA-20)
Torres, Esteban Edward (CA-34)
Torricelli, Robert G. (NJ-9)
Towns, Edolphus (NY-11)
Traficant, James A., Jr. (OH-17)
Traxler, Bob (MI-8)
Udall, Morris K. (AZ-2)
Unsoeld, Jolene (WA-3)
Upton, Fred (MI-4)
Valentine, Tim (NC-2)
Vander Jagt, Guy (MI-9)
Vento, Bruce F. (MN-4)
Visclosky, Peter J. (IN-1)
Volkmer, Harold L. (MO-9)
Vucanovich, Barbara F. (NV-2)
Walgren, Doug (PA-18)
Walker, Robert S. (PA-16)
Walsh, James T. (NY-27)
Washington, Craig A. (TX-18)
Watkins, Wes (OK-3)
Waxman, Henry A. (CA-24)
Weber, Vin (MN-2)
Weiss, Ted (NY-17)
Weldon, Curt (PA-7)
Wheat, Alan (MO-5)
Whittaker, Bob (KS-5)
Whitten, Jamie L. (MS-1)
Williams, Pat (MT-1)
Wilson, Charles (TX-2)
Wise, Robert E., Jr. (WV-3)
Wolf, Frank R. (VA-10)
Wolpe, Howard E. (MI-3)
Wright, James C., Jr. (TX-12)
Wyden, Ron (OR-3)
Wylie, Chalmers P. (OH-15)
Yates, Sidney R., (IL-9)
Yatron, Gus (PA-6)
Young, C. W. Bill (FL-8)
Young Don (AK-At large)
50
Appendix K: Members of the Senate of 101st Congress
Adams, Brock (WA)
Akaka, Daniel K. (HI)
Armstrong, William J. (CO)
Baucus, Max (MT)
Bentsen, Lloyd, M. (TX)
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (DE)
Bingaman, Jeff (NM)
Bond, Christopher S. (MO)
Boren, David L. (OK)
Boschwitz, Rudy (MN)
Bradley, Bill (NJ)
Breaux, John B. (LA)
Bryan, Richard H. (NV)
Bumpers, Dale (AR)
Burdick, Quentin N. (ND)
Burns, Conrad R. (MT)
Byrd, Robert C. (WV)
Chafee, John H. (RI)
Coats, Dan (IN)
Cochran, Thad (MS)
Cohen, William S. (ME)
Conrad, Kent (ND)
Cranston, Alan (CA)
D'Amato, Alfonse (NY)
Danforth, John C. (MO)
Daschle, Thomas A. (SD)
DeConcini, Dennis (AZ)
Dixon, Alan J. (IL)
Dodd, Christopher J. (CT)
Dole, Robert J. (KS)
Domenici, Pete V. (NM)
Durenberger, Dave (MN)
Exon, J. James (NE)
Ford, Wendell H. (KY)
Fowler, Wyche (GA)
Garn, E. J. (Jake) (UT)
Glenn, John H., Jr.(OH)
Gore, Albert, Jr. (TN)
Gorton, Slade (WA)
Graham, Bob (FL)
Gramm, Phil (TX)
Grassley, Charles E. (IA)
Harkin, Tom (IA)
51
Hatch, Orrin G. (UT)
Hatfield, Mark O. (OR)
Heflin, Howell (AL)
Heinz, John (PA)
Helms, Jesse (NC)
Hollings, Ernest F. (SC)
Humphrey, Gordon J. (NH)
Inouye, Daniel K. (HI)
Jeffords, James M. (VT)
Johnston, J. Bennett (LA)
Kassebaum, Nancy Landon (KS)
Kasten, Robert W., Jr. (WI)
Kennedy, Edward M. (MA)
Kerrey, J. Robert (NE)
Kerry, John F. (MA)
Kohl, Herb (WI)
Lautenberg, Frank R. (NJ)
Leahy, Patrick J. (VT)
Levin, Carl (MI)
Lieberman, Joseph I. (CT)
Lott, Trent (MS)
Lugar, Richard G. (IN)
Mack, Connie (FL)
Matsunaga, Spark M. (HI)
McCain, John (AZ)
McClure, James A. (ID)
McConnell, Mitch (KY)
Metzenbaum, Howard M. (OH)
Mikulski, Barbara A.(MD)
Mitchell, George J. (ME)
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (NY)
Murkowski, Frank H.(AK)
Nickles, Don (OK)
Nunn, Sam (GA)
Packwood, Bob (OR)
Pell, Claiborne (RI)
Pressler, Larry (SD)
Pryor, David H. (AR)
Reid, Harry (NV)
Riegle, Donald W., Jr. (MI)
Robb, Charles S. (VA)
Rockefeller, John D., IV (WV)
Roth, William V., Jr. (DE)
Rudman, Warren (NH)
Sanford, Terry (NC)
Sarbanes, Paul S. (MD)
52
Sasser, Jim (TN)
Shelby, Richard C. (AL)
Simon, Paul (IL)
Simpson, Alan K. (WY)
Specter, Arlen (PA)
Stevens, Ted (AK)
Symms, Steve (ID)
Thurmond, Strom (SC)
Wallop, Malcolm (WY)
Warner, John W. (VA)
Wilson, Pete (CA)
Wirth, Timothy (CO)
53
Appendix L: Members of the House of Representatives
of 102nd Congress
Abercrombie, Neil (HI-1)
Ackerman, Gary L. (NY-7)
Alexander, Bill (AR-1)
Allard, A. Wayne (CO-4)
Allen, George (VA-7)
Anderson, Glenn M. (CA-32)
Andrews, Michael (TX-25)
Andrews, Robert E. (NJ-1)
Andrews, Thomas H. (ME-1)
Annunzio, Frank (IL-11)
Anthony, Beryl, Jr. (AR-4)
Applegate, Douglas (OH-18)
Archer, Bill (TX-7)
Armey, Richard K. (TX-26)
Aspin, Les (WI-1)
Atkins, Chester G. (MA-5)
AuCoin, Les (OR-1)
Bacchus, Jim (FL-11)
Baker, Richard H. (LA-6)
Ballenger, Cass (NC-10)
Barnard, Doug, Jr. (GA-10)
Barrett, William E. (Bill) (NE-3)
Bartlett, Steve (TX-3)
Barton, Joe (TX-6)
Bateman, Herbert H. (VA-1)
Beilenson, Anthony C. (CA-23)
Bennett, Charles E. (FL-3)
Bentley, Helen Delich (MD-2)
Bereuter, Doug (NE-1)
Berman, Howard L. (CA-26)
Bevill, Tom (AL-4)
Bilbray, James H. (NV-1)
Bilirakis, Michael (FL-9)
Blackwell, Lucien (PA-2)
Blaz, Ben G. (GU-R)
Bliley, Tom (VA-3)
Boehlert, Sherwood L. (NY-25)
Boehner, John A. (OH-8)
Bonior, David (MI-12)
Borski, Robert A. (PA-3)
54
Boucher, Rick (VA-9)
Boxer, Barbara (CA-6)
Brewster, Bill K. (OK-3)
Brooks, Jack B. (TX-9)
Broomfield, William S. (MI-18)
Browder, Glen (AL-3)
Brown, George E., Jr. (CA-36)
Bruce, Terry L. (IL-19)
Bryant, John W. (TX-5)
Bunning, Jim (KY-4)
Burton, Dan (IN-6)
Bustamante, Albert G. (TX-23)
Byron, Beverly B. (MD-6)
Callahan, Sonny (AL-1)
Camp, Dave (MI-10)
Campbell, Ben Nighthorse (CO-3)
Campbell, Tom (CA-12)
Cardin, Benjamin L. (MD-3)
Carper, Thomas R. (DE-At large)
Carr, Bob (MI-6)
Chandler, Rod D. (WA-8)
Chapman, Jim (TX-1)
Clay, William (Bill) (MO-1)
Clement, Bob (TN-5)
Clinger, William F., Jr. (PA-23)
Coble, Howard (NC-6)
Coleman, E. Thomas (MO-6)
Coleman, Ronald D. (TX-16)
Collins, Barbara-Rose (MI-13)
Collins, Cardiss (IL-7)
Colorado, Antonio (PR)
Combest, Larry (TX-19)
Condit, Gary A. (CA-15)
Conte, Silvio O. (MA-1)
Conyers, John, Jr. (MI-1)
Cooper, James H. (TN-4)
Costello, Jerry F. (IL-21)
Coughlin, Lawrence (PA-13)
Cox, Christopher (CA-40)
Cox, John W., Jr. (IL-16)
Coyne, William J. (PA-14)
Cramer, William E. (Bud) (AL-5)
Crane, Philip M. (IL-12)
Cunningham, Randy "Duke" (CA-44)
Dannemeyer, William E. (CA-39)
Darden, George (Buddy) (GA-7)
55
Davis, Robert W. (MI-11)
de la Garza, E (TX-15)
de Lugo, Ron (VI)
DeFazio, Peter A. (OR-4)
DeLauro, Rosa L. (CT-3)
DeLay, Tom (TX-22)
Dellums, Ronald V. (CA-8)
Derrick, Butler C., Jr. (SC-3)
Dickinson, William L. (AL-2)
Dicks, Norman D. (WA-6)
Dingell, John D. (MI-16)
Dixon, Julian C. (CA-28)
Donnelly, Brian J. (MA-11)
Dooley, Calvin M., Jr. (CA-17)
Doolittle, John T. (CA-14)
Dorgan, Byron L. (ND-At large)
Dornan, Robert K. (CA-38)
Downey, Thomas J. (NY-2)
Dreier, David (CA-33)
Duncan, John J., Jr. (TN-2)
Durbin, Richard J. (IL-20)
Dwyer, Bernard J. (NJ-6)
Dymally, Mervyn M. (CA-31)
Early, Joseph D. (MA-3)
Eckart, Dennis E. (OH-11)
Edwards, Chet (TX-11)
Edwards, Don (CA-10)
Edwards, Mickey (OK-5)
Emerson, Bill (MO-8)
Engel, Eliot L. (NY-19)
English, Glenn (OK-6)
Erdreich, Ben (AL-6)
Espy, Mike (MS-2)
Evans, Lane (IL-17)
Ewing, Thomas W. (IL-15)
Faleomavaega, Eni F. H. (AS)
Fascell, Dante B. (FL-19)
Fawell, Harris W. (IL-13)
Fazio, Vic (CA-4)
Feighan, Edward F. (OH-19)
Fields, Jack (TX-8)
Fish, Hamilton, Jr. (NY-19)
Flake, Floyd H. (NY-6)
Foglietta, Thomas M. (PA-1)
Foley, Thomas S. (WA-5)
Ford, Harold E., Jr. (TN-9)
56
Ford, William D. (MI-13)
Frank, Barney (MA-4)
Franks, Gary (CT-5)
Frost, Martin (TX-24)
Fuster, Jamie B. (PR)
Gallegly, Elton (CA-21)
Gallo, Dean A. (NJ-11)
Gaydos, Joseph M. (PA-20)
Gejdenson, Sam (CT-2)
Gekas, George W. (PA-17)
Gephardt, Richard A. (MO-3)
Geren, Pete (TX-12)
Gibbons, Sam (FL-7)
Gilchrest, Wayne T. (MD-1)
Gillmor, Paul E. (OH-5)
Gilman, Benjamin A. (NY-22)
Gingrich, Newt (GA-6)
Glickman, Dan (KS-4)
Gonzalez, Henry B. (TX-20)
Goodling, William F. (PA-19)
Gordon, Bart (TN-6)
Goss, Porter J. (FL-13)
Gradison, Willis D., Jr. (OH-2)
Grandy, Fred (IA-6)
Gray, William H., III (PA-2)
Green, S. William (NY-15)
Guarini, Frank J. (NJ-14)
Gunderson, Steve (WI-3)
Hall, Ralph M. (TX-4)
Hall, Tony P. (OH-3)
Hamilton, Lee H. (IN-9)
Hammerschmidt, John P. (AR-3)
Hancock, Mel (MO-7)
Hansen, James V. (UT-1)
Harris, Claude (AL-7)
Hastert, J. Dennis (IL-14)
Hatcher, Charles (GA-2)
Hayes, Charles A. (IL-1)
Hayes, James A. (LA-7)
Hefley, Joel (CO-5)
Hefner, W. G. (Bill) (NC-8)
Henry, Paul B. (MI-5)
Herger, Wally (CA-2)
Hertel, Dennis M. (MI-14)
Hoagland, Peter (NE-2)
Hobson, David L. (OH-7)
57
Hochbrueckner, George J. (NY-1)
Holloway, Clyde (LA-8)
Hopkins, Larry J. (KY-6)
Horn, Joan Kelly (MO-2)
Horton, Frank J. (NY-29)
Houghton, Amo (NY-34)
Hoyer, Steny H. (MD-5)
Hubbard, Carroll, Jr. (KY-1)
Huckaby, Thomas J. (Jerry) (LA-5)
Hughes, William J. (NJ-2)
Hunter, Duncan (CA-45)
Hutto, Earl (FL-1)
Hyde, Henry J. (IL-6)
Inhofe, James M. (OK-1)
Ireland, Andrew P. (FL-10)
Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. (IN-10)
James, Craig T. (FL-4)
Jefferson, William J. (LA-2)
Jenkins, Edgar L. (GA-9)
Johnson, Nancy L. (CT-6)
Johnson, Tim (SD-At large)
Johnston, Harry (FL-14)
Jones, Ben (GA-4)
Jones, Walter B. (NC-1)
Jontz, Jim (IN-5)
Kanjorski, Paul E. (PA-11)
Kaptur, Marcy (OH-9)
Kasich, John R. (OH-12)
Kennedy, Joseph P., II (MA-8)
Kennelly, Barbara B. (CT-1)
Kildee, Dale E. (MI-7)
Kleczka, Gerald D. (WI-4)
Klug, Scott (WI-2)
Kolbe, Jim (AZ-5)
Kolter, Joseph P. (PA-4)
Kopetski, Mike (OR-5)
Kostmayer, Peter H. (PA-8)
Kyl, Jon (AZ-4)
LaFalce, John J. (NY-32)
Lagomarsino, Robert J. (CA-19)
Lancaster, H. Martin (NC-3)
Lantos, Tom (CA-11)
LaRocco, Larry (ID-1)
Laughlin, Greg (TX-14)
Leach, James A. (IA-1)
Lehman, Richard H. (CA-18)
58
Lehman, William (FL-17)
Lent, Norman F. (NY-4)
Levin, Sander M. (MI-17)
Levine, Mel (CA-27)
Lewis, Jerry (CA-35)
Lewis, John (GA-5)
Lewis, Thomas F. (FL-12)
Lightfoot, Jim (IA-5)
Lipinski, William O. (IL-5)
Livingston, Bob (LA-1)
Lloyd, Marilyn (TN-3)
Long, Jill L. (IN-4)
Lowery, Bill (CA-41)
Lowey, Nita M. (NY-20)
Luken, Charles (OH-1)
Machtley, Ronald K. (RI-1)
Madigan, Edward R. (IL-15)
Manton, Thomas J. (NY-9)
Markey, Edward J. (MA-7)
Marlenee, Ron (MT-2)
Martin, David O'B. (NY-26)
Martinez, Matthew G. (CA-30)
Matsui, Robert T. (CA-3)
Mavroules, Nicholas (MA-6)
Mazzoli, Romano L. (KY-3)
McCandless, Alfred A. (Al) (CA-37)
McCloskey, Frank (IN-8)
McCollum, Bill (FL-5)
McCrery, Jim (LA-4)
McCurdy, Dave (OK-4)
McDade, Joseph M. (PA-10)
McDermott, Jim (WA-7)
McEwen, Bob (OH-6)
McGrath, Raymond J. (NY-5)
McHugh, Matthew F. (NY-28)
McMillan, J. Alex (NC-9)
McMillen, Thomas (MD-4)
McNulty, Michael R. (NY-23)
Meyers, Jan (KS-3)
Mfume, Kweisi (MD-7)
Michel, Robert H. (IL-18)
Miller, Clarence E. (OH-10)
Miller, George (CA-7)
Miller, John R. (WA-1)
Mineta, Norman Y. (CA-13)
Mink, Patsy T. (HI-2)
59
Moakley, John Joseph (MA-9)
Molinari, Susan (NY-14)
Mollohan, Alan B. (WV-1)
Montgomery, G. V. (Sonny) (MS-3)
Moody, Jim (WI-5)
Moorhead, Carlos J. (CA-22)
Moran, James P. (VA-8)
Morella, Constance A. (MD-8)
Morrison, Sid (WA-4)
Mrazek, Robert J. (NY-3)
Murphy, Austin J. (PA-22)
Murtha, John P. (PA-12)
Myers, John T. (IN-7)
Nagle, Dave R. (IA-3)
Natcher, William H. (KY-2)
Neal, Richard E. (MA-2)
Neal, Stephen L. (NC-5)
Nichols, Dick (KS-5)
Norton, Eleanor Holmes (DC)
Nowak, Henry (NY-33)
Nussle, James Allen (IA-2)
Oakar, Mary Rose (OH-20)
Oberstar, James L. (MN-8)
Obey, David R. (WI-7)
Olin, James R. (VA-6)
Olver, John W. (MA-1)
Ortiz, Solomon P. (TX-27)
Orton, Bill (UT-3)
Owens, Major R. (NY-12)
Owens, Wayne (UT-2)
Oxley, Michael G. (OH-4)
Packard, Ron (CA-43)
Pallone, Frank, Jr. (NJ-3)
Panetta, Leon (CA-16)
Parker, Mike (MS-4)
Pastor, Ed (AZ-2)
Patterson, Elizabeth (SC-4)
Paxon, Bill (NY-31)
Payne, Donald M. (NJ-10)
Payne, Lewis F., Jr. (VA-5)
Pease, Donald J. (OH-13)
Pelosi, Nancy (CA-5)
Penny, Timothy J. (MN-1)
Perkins, Carl C. (KY-7)
Peterson, Collin C. (MN-7)
Peterson, Pete (FL-2)
60
Petri, Thomas E. (WI-6)
Pickett, Owen B. (VA-2)
Pickle, J. J. (TX-10)
Porter, John Edward (IL-10)
Poshard, Glenn (IL-22)
Price, David E. (NC-4)
Pursell, Carl D. (MI-2)
Quillen, James H. (Jimmy) (TN-1)
Rahall, Nick J., II (WV-4)
Ramstad, Jim (MN-3)
Rangel, Charles B. (NY-16)
Ravenel, Arthur, Jr. (SC-1)
Ray, Richard B. (GA-3)
Reed, John F. (RI-2)
Regula, Ralph (OH-16)
Rhodes, John J., III (AZ-1)
Richardson, Bill (NM-3)
Riggs, Frank (CA-1)
Ridge, Thomas J. (PA-21)
Rinaldo, Matthew J. (NJ-7)
Ritter, Don (PA-15)
Roberts, Pat (KS-1)
Roe, Robert A. (NJ-8)
Roemer, Tim (IN-3)
Rogers, Harold (KY-5)
Rohrabacher, Dana (CA-42)
Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana (FL-18)
Rose, Charlie (NC-7)
Rostenkowski, Dan (IL-8)
Roth, Toby (WI-8)
Roukema, Marge (NJ-5)
Rowland, J. Roy (GA-8)
Roybal, Edward R. (CA-25)
Russo, Martin A. (IL-3)
Sabo, Martin Olav (MN-5)
Sanders, Bernard (VT-At large)
Sangmeister, George E. (IL-4)
Santorum, Richard John (PA-18)
Sarpalius, Bill (TX-13)
Savage, Gus (IL-2)
Sawyer, Thomas C. (OH-14)
Saxton, Jim (NJ-13)
Schaefer, Dan (CO-6)
Scheuer, James H. (NY-8)
Schiff, Steven (NM-1)
Schroeder, Patricia (CO-1)
61
Schulze, Richard T. (PA-5)
Schumer, Charles E. (NY-10)
Sensenbrenner, F. James, Jr. (WI-9)
Serrano, Jose E. (NY-18)
Sharp, Philip R. (IN-2)
Shaw, E. Clay, Jr. (FL-15)
Shays, Christopher (CT-4)
Shuster, Bud (PA-9)
Sikorski, Gerry E. (MN-6)
Sisisky, Norman, (VA-4)
Skaggs, David E. (CO-2)
Skeen, Joe (NM-2)
Skelton, Ike (MO-4)
Slattery, Jim (KS-2)
Slaughter, D. French, Jr. (VA-7)
Slaughter, Louise McIntosh (NY-30)
Smith, Christopher H. (NJ-4)
Smith, Lamar S. (TX-21)
Smith, Lawrence (FL-16)
Smith, Neal Edward (IA-4)
Smith, Robert F. (OR-2)
Snowe, Olympia J. (ME-2)
Solarz, Stephen J. (NY-13)
Solomon, Gerald B. H. (NY-24)
Spence, Floyd, (SC-2)
Spratt, John M., Jr. (SC-5)
Staggers, Harley O., Jr. (WV-2)
Stallings, Richard H. (ID-2)
Stark, Fortney Pete (CA-9)
Stearns, Cliff (FL-6)
Stenholm, Charles W. (TX-17)
Stokes, Louis (OH-21)
Studds, Gerry E. (MA-10)
Stump, Bob (AZ-3)
Sundquist, Don (TN-7)
Swett, Dick (NH-2)
Swift, Al (WA-2)
Synar, Mike (OK-2)
Tallon, Robin (SC-6)
Tanner, John S. (TN-8)
Tauzin, W. J. (Billy) (LA-3)
Taylor, Charles H. (NC-11)
Taylor, Gene (MS-5)
Thomas, Craig (WY-At large)
Thomas, Robert Lindsay (GA-1)
Thomas, William M. (CA-20)
62
Thornton, Ray (AZ-2)
Torres, Esteban Edward (CA-34)
Torricelli, Robert G. (NJ-9)
Towns, Edolphus (NY-11)
Traficant, James A., Jr. (OH-17)
Traxler, Bob (MI-8)
Udall, Morris K. (AZ-2)
Unsoeld, Jolene (WA-3)
Upton, Fred (MI-4)
Valentine, Tim (NC-2)
Vander Jagt, Guy (MI-9)
Vento, Bruce F. (MN-4)
Visclosky, Peter J. (IN-1)
Volkmer, Harold L. (MO-9)
Vucanovich, Barbara F. (NV-2)
Walker, Robert S. (PA-16)
Walsh, James T. (NY-27)
Washington, Craig A. (TX-18)
Waters, Maxine (CA-29)
Waxman, Henry A. (CA-24)
Weber, Vin (MN-2)
Weiss, Ted (NY-17)
Weldon, Curt (PA-7)
Wheat, Alan (MO-5)
Whitten, Jamie L. (MS-1)
Williams, Pat (MT-1)
Wilson, Charles (TX-2)
Wise, Robert E., Jr. (WV-3)
Wolf, Frank R. (VA-10)
Wolpe, Howard E. (MI-3)
Wyden, Ron (OR-3)
Wylie, Chalmers P. (OH-15)
Yates, Sidney R., (IL-9)
Yatron, Gus (PA-6)
Young, C. W. Bill (FL-8)
Young Don (AK-At large)
Zeliff, Bill, Jr. (NH-1)
Zimmer, Dick (NJ-12)
63
Appendix M: Members of the Senate of 102nd Congress
Adams, Brock (WA)
Akaka, Daniel K. (HI)
Baucus, Max (MT)
Bentsen, Lloyd, M. (TX)
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (DE)
Bingaman, Jeff (NM)
Bond, Christopher S. (MO)
Boren, David L. (OK)
Bradley, Bill (NJ)
Breaux, John B. (LA)
Brown, Hank (CO)
Bryan, Richard H. (NV)
Bumpers, Dale (AR)
Burdick, Jocelyn (ND)
Burdick, Quentin N. (ND)
Burns, Conrad R. (MT)
Byrd, Robert C. (WV)
Chafee, John H. (RI)
Coats, Dan (IN)
Cochran, Thad (MS)
Cohen, William S. (ME)
Conrad, Kent (ND)
Craig, Larry E. (ID)
Cranston, Alan (CA)
D'Amato, Alfonse (NY)
Danforth, John C. (MO)
Daschle, Thomas A. (SD)
DeConcini, Dennis (AZ)
Dixon, Alan J. (IL)
Dodd, Christopher J. (CT)
Dole, Robert J. (KS)
Domenici, Pete V. (NM)
Durenberger, Dave (MN)
Exon, J. James (NE)
Ford, Wendell H. (KY)
Fowler, Wyche (GA)
Garn, E. J. (Jake) (UT)
Glenn, John H., Jr. (OH)
Gore, Albert, Jr. (TN)
Gorton, Slade (WA)
Graham, Bob (FL)
Grassley, Charles E. (IA)
Gramm, Phil (TX)
64
Harkin, Tom (IA)
Hatch, Orrin G. (UT)
Hatfield, Mark O. (OR)
Heflin, Howell (AL)
Heinz, John (PA)
Helms, Jesse (NC)
Hollings, Ernest F.(SC)
Inouye, Daniel K. (HI)
Jeffords, James M. (VT)
Johnston, J. Bennett (LA)
Kassebaum, Nancy Landon (KS)
Kasten, Robert W., Jr. (WI)
Kennedy, Edward M. (MA)
Kerrey, J. Robert (NE)
Kerry, John F. (MA)
Kohl, Herb (WI)
Lautenberg, Frank R. (NJ)
Leahy, Patrick J. (VT)
Levin, Carl (MI)
Lieberman, Joseph I. (CT)
Lott, Trent (MS)
Lugar, Richard G. (IN)
Mack, Connie (FL)
McCain, John (AZ)
McConnell, Mitch (KY)
Metzenbaum, Howard M. (OH)
Mikulski, Barbara A. (MD)
Mitchell, George J. (ME)
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (NY)
Murkowski, Frank H. (AK)
Nickles, Don (OK)
Nunn, Sam (GA)
Packwood, Bob (OR)
Pell, Claiborne (RI)
Pressler, Larry (SD)
Pryor, David H. (AR)
Reid, Harry (NV)
Riegle, Donald W., Jr. (MI)
Robb, Charles S. (VA)
Rockefeller, John D., IV (WV)
Roth, William V., Jr. (DE)
Rudman, Warren (NH)
Sanford, Terry (NC)
Sarbanes, Paul S. (MD)
Sasser, Jim (TN)
Seymour, John (CA)
65
Shelby, Richard C. (AL)
Simon, Paul (IL)
Simpson, Alan K. (WY)
Smith, Robert C. (NH)
Specter, Arlen (PA)
Stevens, Ted (AK)
Symms, Steve (ID)
Thurmond, Strom (SC)
Wallop, Malcolm (WY)
Warner, John W. (VA)
Wellstone, Paul D. (MN)
Wirth, Timothy (CO)
Wofford, Harris (PA)
66
Appendix N: Foreign Heads of State
Afghanistan
Chief of State and Head of Government--President (Mohammad) NAJIBULLAH
(Ahmadzai) (since 30 November 1987)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Executive Committee Soltan Ali KESHTMAND
(since 21 February 1989)
Prime Minister Fazil Haq KHALIQYAR (since 21 May 1990)
Albania
Chief of State--President of the Presidium of the People's Assembly Ramiz ALIA (since
22 November 1982)
Head of Government--Chairman of the Council of Ministers Adil CARCANI (since 14
January 1982)
Algeria
Chief of State--President Chadli BENDJEDID (since 7 February 1979)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Mouloud HAMROUCHE (since 9 September
1989)
American Samoa (territory of the US)
Chief of State--President George BUSH (since 20 January 1989)
Vice President Dan QUAYLE (since 20 January 1989)
Head of Government--Governor Peter Tali COLEMAN (since 20 January 1989)
Lieutenant Governor Galea'i POUMELE (since NA 1989)
Andorra
Chiefs of State--French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981),
represented by Veguer de Franca Louis DEBLE
Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Joan MARTI y Alanis (since 31 January 1971),
represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Batalla
Head of Government--Josep PINTAT Solans (since NA 1984)
Angola
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS (since
21 September 1979)
Anguilla (dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor Geoffrey O. WHITTAKER (since NA 1987)
Head of Government--Chief Minister Emile GUMBS (since NA March1984, served
previously from February 1977 to May 1980)
Antarctica
67
Antigua and Barbuda
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Sir Wilfred Ebenezer JACOBS (since 1 November 1981,
previously Governor since 1976)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Vere Cornwall BIRD, Sr. (since NA 1976)
Deputy Prime Minister Lester BIRD (since NA 1976)
Argentina
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Carlos Saul MENEM (since 8 July
1989)
Vice President Eduardo DUHALDE (since 8 July 1989)
Aruba (part of the Dutch realm)
Chief of State--Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980),
represented by Governor General Felipe B. TROMP (since 1 January 1986)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Nelson ODUBER (since NA February 1989)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands (territory of Australia)
Australia
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since February 1952), represented by Governor
General William George HAYDEN (since NA February 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Robert James Lee HAWKE (since 11 March
1983)
Deputy Prime Minister Paul KEATING (since 3 April 1990)
Austria
Chief of State--President Kurt WALDHEIM (since 8 July 1986)
Head of Government--Chancellor Franz VRANITZKY (since 16 June 1986)
Vice Chancellor Josef RIEGLER (since 19 May 1989)
The Bahamas
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Acting
Governor General Sir Henry TAYLOR (since 26 June 1988)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Sir Lynden Oscar PINDLING (since 16 January
1967)
Bahrain
Chief of State--Amir Isa bin Salman Al KHALIFA (since 2 November 1961)
Heir Apparent Hamad bin Isa Al KHALIFA (son of Amir
born 28 January 1950)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al KHALIFA, (since 19
January 1970)
Baker Island (territory of the US)
68
Bangladesh
Chief of State--President Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD (since 11 December 1983,
elected 15 October 1986)
Vice President Moudad AHMED (since 12 August 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Qazi Zafar AHMED (since 12 August 1989)
Barbados
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Sir Hugh SPRINGER (since 24 February 1984)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Lloyd Erskine SANDIFORD (since 2 June 1987)
Bassas da India (French possession)
Belgium
Chief of State--King BAUDOUIN I (since 17 July 1951)
Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT of Liege (brother of the King
born 6 June 1934)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Wilfried MARTENS, (since April 1979, with a
10-month interruption in 1981)
Belize
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Dame Elmira Minita GORDON (since 21 September 1981)
Head of Government--Prime Minister George Cadle PRICE (since 4 September 1989)
Benin
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Mathieu KEREKOU (since 27
October 1972)
Bermuda (dependent
territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor Sir Desmond LANGLEY (since NA October 1988)
Head of Government--Premier John William David SWAN (since NA January 1982)
Bhutan
Chief of State and Head of Government--King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24
July 1972)
Bolivia
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Jaime PAZ Zamora (since 6 August
1989)
Vice President Luis OSSIO Sanjines (since 6 August 1989)
Botswana
69
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Quett K. J. MASIRE (since 13 July
1980)
Vice President Peter S. MMUSI (since 3 January 1983)
Bouvet Island (territory of Norway)
Brazil
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Fernando Affonso COLLOR de
Mello (since 15 March 1990)
Vice President Itamar FRANCO (since 15 March 1990)
British Indian Ocean Territory (dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Head of Government--Commissioner R. EDIS (since NA 1988), Administrator Robin
CROMPTON (since NA 1988)
note--both officials reside in the UK
British Virgin Islands
(dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor John Mark Ambrose HERDMAN (since NA 1986)
Head of Government--Chief Minister H. Lavity STOUTT (since NA 1986)
Brunei
Chief of State and Head of Government--Sultan and Prime Minister Sir Muda
HASSANAL BOLKIAH Muizzaddin Waddaulah (since 5 October 1967)
Bulgaria
Chief of State--President Petur Toshev MLADENOV (chairman of the State Council
since 11 November 1989
became president on 3 April 1990 when the State Council was abolished)
Head of Government--Chairman of the Council of Ministers Andrey LUKANOV (since
3 February 1990)
Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Chudomir Asenov ALEKSANDROV
(since 8 February 1990)
Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Belcho Antonov BELCHEV (since 8
February 1990)
Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Konstantin Dimitrov KOSEV (since 8
February 1990)
Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nora Krachunova ANANIEVA (since 8
February 1990)
Burkina
Chief of State and Head of Government--Chairman of the Popular Front Captain
BlaiseCOMPAORE (since 15 October 1987)
70
Burma
Chief of State and Head of Government--Chairman of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council and Prime Minister Gen. SAW MAUNG (since 18 September
1988)
Burundi
Chief of State--President Pierre BUYOYA (since 9 September 1987)
Head of Government Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since 26 October 1988)
Cambodia
Chief of State--CGDK--President Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK (since NA July
1982)
PRK--Chairman of the Council of State HENG SAMRIN (since 27 June 1981)
Head of Government--CGDK--Prime Minister SON SANN (since NA July 1982)
PRK--Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)
Cameroon
Chief of State and Head of Government President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)
Canada
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Raymond John HNATSHYN (since 29 January 1990)
Head of Government--Prime Minister (Martin) Brian MULRONEY (since 4 September
1984)
Deputy Prime Minister Donald Frank MAZANKOWSKI (since NA June 1986)
Cape Verde
Chief of State--President Aristides Maria PEREIRA (since 5 July 1975)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Pedro Verona Rodrigues PIRES, (since 5 July
1975)
Deputy Minister Aguinaldo Liboa RAMOS (since NA February 1990)
Cayman Islands
(dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor Alan James SCOTT (since NA 1987)
Head of Government--Governor and President of the Executive Council Alan James
SCOTT (since NA 1987)
Central African Republic
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Andre-Dieudonne KOLINGBA
(since 1 September 1981)
Chad
71
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Hissein HABRE (since 19 June
1982)
Chile
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Patricio AYLWIN (since 11 March
1990)
China (also see separate Taiwan entry)
Chief of State and Head of Government (de facto)--DENG Xiaoping (since mid-1977)
Chief of State--President YANG Shangkun (since 8 April 1988)
Vice President WANG Zhen (since 8 April 1988)
Head of Government--Premier LI Peng (Acting Premier since 24 November 1987,
Premier since 9 April 1988)
Vice Premier YAO Yilin (since 2 July 1979)
Vice Premier TIAN Jiyun (since 20 June 1983)
Vice Premier WU Xueqian (since 12 April 1988)
Christmas Island (territory of Australia)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Head of Government--Administrator A. D. TAYLOR (since NA)
Clipperton Island (French possession)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (territory of Australia)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Head of Government--Administrator D. LAWRIE (since NA 1989)
Chairman of the Islands Council Parson Bin YAPAT (since NA)
Colombia
Chief of State and Head of Government--Virgilio BARCO Vargas (since 7 August 1986
term ends August 1990)
Presidential Designate Victor MOSQUERA Chaux (since 13 October 1986)
President-elect Cesar GAVIRIA Trujillo (since 27 May 1990, takes office 7 August
1990)
Comoros
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Said Mohamed DJOHAR (since 11
March 1990)
Congo
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO (since 8
February 1979)
Prime Minister Alphonse POATY-SOUCHLATY (since 6 August 1989)
Cook Islands (free association with New Zealand)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
72
Representative of the UK Sir Tangaroa TANGAROA (since NA)
Representative of New Zealand Adrian SINCOCK (since NA)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Geoffrey HENRY (since NA February 1989)
Deputy Prime Minister Inatio AKARURU (since NA)
Coral Sea Islands (territory of Australia)
Costa Rica
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier
(since 8 May 1990)
First Vice President German SERRANO Pinto (since 8 May 1990)
Second Vice President Arnoldo LOPEZ Echandi (since 8 May 1990)
Cuba
Chief of State and Head of Government--President of the Council of State and President
of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (became Prime Minister
in January 1959 and President since 2 December 1976)
First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of
Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976)
Cyprus
Chief of State and Head of Government--President George VASSILIOU (since
February 1988)
note--Rauf R. DENKTAS was proclaimed President of the Turkish area on 13 February
1975
Czechoslovakia
Chief of State--President Vaclav HAVEL (since 28 December 1989)
Head of Government--Premier Marian CALFA (since 10 December 1989)
First Deputy Premier Valtr KOMAREK (since 7 December 1989)
Jan CARNOGURSKY (since 7 December 1989)
Denmark
Chief of State--Queen MARGRETHE II (since January 1972)
Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the Queen (born 26 May 1968)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Poul SCHLUTER (since 10 September 1982)
Djibouti
Chief of State--President Hassan GOULED Aptidon (since 24 June 1977)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Barkat GOURAD Hamadou (since 30 September
1978)
Dominica
Chief of State--President Sir Clarence Augustus SEIGNORET (since 19 December
1983)
73
Head of Government--Prime Minister (Mary) Eugenia CHARLES (since 21 July 1980)
Dominican Republic
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo (since
16 August 1986)
Vice President Carlos A. MORALES Troncoso (since 16 August 1986)
Ecuador
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos (since 10
August 1988)
Vice President Luis PARODI Valverde (since 10 August 1988)
Egypt
Chief of State--President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (was made acting President on
6 October 1981 upon the assassination of President Sadat and sworn in
as President on 14 October 1981)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12
November 1986)
El Salvador
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Alfredo CRISTIANI (since 1 June
1989)
Vice President Jose Francisco MERINO (since 1 June 1989)
Equatorial Guinea
Chief of State--President Brig. Gen. Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO (since 3
August 1979)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Cristino SERICHE Bioko Malabo (since 15
August 1982)
Deputy Prime Minister Isidoro Eyi Monsuy Andeme (since 15 August 1989) (PDEG),
Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, party leader
Ethiopia
Chief of State--President MENGISTU Haile-Mariam (Chairman from 11 September
1977 until becoming President on 10 September 1987)
Vice President FISSEHA Desta (since 10 September 1987)
Head of Government--Prime Minister (Acting) and Deputy Prime Minister HAILU
Yimenu (since 7 November 1989)
Deputy Prime Minister WOLLE Chekol (since 21 November 1989)
Deputy Prime Minister ALEMU Abebe (since 10 September 1987)
Deputy Prime Minister TESFAYE Dinka (since 10 September 1987)
Deputy Prime Minister ASHAGRE Yigletu (since 21 November 1989)
Europa Island (French possession)
74
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Head of Government--Governor William Hugh FULLERTON (since NA 1988)
Faroe Islands (part of the Danish realm)
Chief of State--Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972), represented by High
Commissioner Bent KLINTE (since NA)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Jogvan SUNDSTEIN (since 17 January 1989)
Fiji
Chief of State--President Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu GANILAU (since 5 December
1987)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese MARA (since 5 December
1987)
note--Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara served as prime minister from 10 October 1970 until the
5-11 April 1987 election
after a second coup led by Major General Sitiveni Rabuka on 25 September 1987, Ratu
Mara was reappointed as prime minister
Finland
Chief of State--President Mauno KOIVISTO (since 27 January 1982)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Harri HOLKERI (since 30 April 1987)
Deputy Prime Minister Pertti PAASIO (since NA January 1989)
France
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Michel ROCARD (since 10 March 1988)
French Guiana (overseas department of France)
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government--Commissioner of the Republic Jean-Pierre LACROIX (since NA
August 1988)
French Polynesia (overseas territory of France)
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
High Commissioner of the Republic Jean MONTPEZAT (since NA November 1987)
Head of Government--President of the Council of Ministers Alexandre LEONTIEFF
(since 9 December 1987)
Vice President of the Council of Ministers Georges KELLY (since 9 December 1987)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands (overseas territory of France)
Gabon
Chief of State--President El Hadj Omar BONGO (since 2 December 1967)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Leon MEBIAME (since 16 April 1975)
75
The Gambia
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Alhaji Sir Dawda Kairaba JAWARA
(since 24 April 1970)
Vice President Bakary Bunja DARBO (since 12 May 1982)
Gaza Strip
German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
Chief of State--Acting President of the People's Chamber Sabine BERGMANN-POHL
(since 5 April 1990)
Head of Government--Chairman of the Council of Ministers Lothar DE MAIZIERE
(since 12 April 1990)
Deputy Chairman Peter-Michael DIESTEL (since 16 April 1990)
Germany, Federal Republic of (West Germany)
Chief of State--President Dr. Richard von WEIZSACKER (since 1 July 1984)
Head of Government--Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
Ghana
Chief of State and Head of Government--Chairman of the Provisional National Defense
Council Flt. Lt. (Ret.) Jerry John RAWLINGS (since 31 December 1981)
Gibraltar (dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor and Commander in Chief Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter TERRY (since
NA 1985)
Head of Government--Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO (since NA March 1988)
Glorioso Islands (French possession)
Greece
Chief of State--President Christos SARTZETAKIS (since 30 March 1985)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Constantin MITSOTAKIS (since 11 April 1990)
Greenland (part of the Danish realm)
Chief of State--Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972), represented by High
Commissioner Bent KLINTE (since NA)
Head of Government--Home Rule Chairman Jonathan MOTZFELDT (since NA May
1979)
Grenada
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Sir Paul SCOON (since 30 September 1978)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Nicholas BRATHWAITE (since 13 March 1990)
76
Guadeloupe (overseas department of France)
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government--Commissioner of the Republic Jean-Paul PROUST (since
November 1989)
Guam (territory of the US)
Chief of State--President George BUSH (since 20 January 1989)
Head of Government--Governor Joseph A. ADA (since NA November 1986)
Guatemala
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Mario Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo
(since 14 January 1986)
Vice President Roberto CARPIO Nicolle (since 14 January 1986)
Guernsey (British crown dependency)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Head of Government--Lieutenant Governor Lt. Gen. Sir Alexander BOSWELL (since
1985)
Bailiff Sir Charles FROSSARD (since 1982)
Guinea
Chief of State and Head of Government--Gen. Lansana CONTE (since 5 April 1984)
Guinea-Bissau
Chief of State and Head of Government--President of the Council of State Brig. Gen.
Joao Bernardo VIEIRA (assumed power 14 November 1980 and elected
President of Council of State on 16 May 1984)
First Vice President Col. Iafai CAMARA (since 7 November 1985)
Second Vice President Vasco CABRAL (since 21 June 1989)
Guyana
Chief of State--President Hugh Desmond HOYTE (since 6 August 1985)
First Vice President Hamilton GREEN (since 6 August 1985)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Hamilton GREEN (since 6 August 1985)
Haiti
Chief of State and Head of Government--Provisional President Ertha PASCALTROUILLOT (since 13 March 1990)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands (territory of Australia)
Honduras
Chief of State and Head of Government--Rafael Leonardo CALLEJAS Romero (since
26 January 1990)
77
Hong Kong (colony of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Head of Government--Governor Sir David Clive WILSON (since 9 April 1987)
Chief Secretary Sir David Robert FORD (since NA February 1987)
Howland Island (territory of the US)
Hungary
Chief of State--President-designate Arpad GONCZ (since 2 May 1990)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Jozsef ANTALL (since 23 May 1990)
Iceland
Chief of State--President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR (since 1 August 1980)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Steingrimur HERMANNSSON (since 28
September 1988)
India
Chief of State--President Ramaswamy Iyer VENKATARAMAN (since 25 July 1987)
Vice President Dr. Shankar Dayal SHARMA (since 3 September 1987)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap SINGH (since 2 December
1989)
Indonesia
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Gen. (Ret.) SOEHARTO (since 27
March 1968)
Vice President Lt. Gen. (Ret.) SUDHARMONO (since 11 March 1983)
Iran
Cleric and functional Chief of State--Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali
Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 3 June 1989)
Head of Government--President Ali Akbar RAFSANJANI (since 3 August 1989)
Iraq
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Saddam HUSAYN (since 16 July
1979)
Vice President Taha Muhyi al-Din MARUF (since 21 April 1974)
Iraq -Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone
Ireland
Chief of State--President Dr. Patrick J. HILLERY (since 3 December 1976)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Charles J. HAUGHEY (since 12 July 1989, the
fourth time elected as prime minister)
Israel
Chief of State--President Gen. Chaim HERZOG (since 5 May 1983)
78
Head of Government--Prime Minister Yitzhak SHAMIR (since 20 October 1986)
Vice Prime Minister Shimon PERES (Prime Minister from 13 September 1984 to 20
October 1986, when he rotated to Vice Prime Minister)
Italy
Chief of State--President Francesco COSSIGA (since 3 July 1985)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Giulio ANDREOTTI (since 22 July 1989, heads
the government for the sixth time)
Deputy Prime Minister Claudio MARTELLI (since 23 July 1989)
Ivory Coast (also known as Cote d'Ivoire)
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Dr. Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY
(since 27 November 1960)
Jamaica
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Sir Florizel A. GLASSPOLE (since 2 March 1973)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Michael MANLEY (since 9 February 1989)
Jan Mayen (territory of Norway)
Japan
Chief of State--Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Toshiki KAIFU (since 9 August 1989)
Jarvis Island (territory of the US)
Jersey (British crown dependency)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Head of Government--Lieutenant Governor Adm. Sir William PILLAR (since NA
1985)
Bailiff Peter CRILL (since NA)
Johnston Atoll (territory of the US)
Jordan
Chief of State--King HUSSEIN Ibn Talal I (since 11 August 1952)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Mudar BADRAN (since 4 December 1989)
Juan de Nova Island (French possession)
Kenya
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Daniel Teroitich arap MOI (since 14
October 1978)
Vice President George SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989)
79
Kingman Reef (territory of the US)
Kiribati
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Ieremia T. TABAI (since 12 July
1979)
Vice President Teatao TEANNAKI (since 20 July 1979)
Korea, North
Chief of State--President KIM Il-song (since 28 December 1972)
Designated Successor KIM Chong-Il (son of President, born 16 February 1942)
Head of Government--Premier YON Hyong-muk (since NA December 1988)
Korea, South
Chief of State--President ROH Tae Woo (since 25 February 1988)
Head of Government--Prime Minister KANG Young Hoon (since 5 December 1988)
Deputy Prime Minister CHO Soon (since 5 December 1988)
Kuwait
Chief of State--Amir Sheikh Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al SABAH (since 31 December
1977)
Head of Government--Prime Minister and Crown Prince Sad Abdallah al-Salim Al
SABAH (since 8 February 1978)
Laos
Chief of State--Acting President PHOUMI VONGVICHIT (since 29 October 1986)
Head of Government--Chairman of the Council of Ministers General KAYSONE
PHOMVIHAN (since 2 December 1975)
Lebanon
Chief of State--Elias HARAWI (since 24 November 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Salim AL-HUSS (since 24 November 1989)
Lesotho
Chief of State--King MOSHOESHOE II (Paramount Chief from 1960 until
independence on 4 October 1966, when he became King)
Heir Apparent Letsie David SEEISO (son of the King)
Head of Government--Chairman of the Military Council Maj. Gen. Justin Metsing
LEKHANYA (since 24 January 1986)
Liberia
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Gen. Dr. Samuel Kanyon DOE
(since 12 April 1980)
Vice President Harry F. MONIBA (since 6 January 1986)
Libya
80
Chief of State--Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since
1 September 1969)
Head of Government--Chairman of the General People's Committee (Premier) Umar
Mustafa al-MUNTASIR (since 1 March 1987)
Liechtenstein
Chief of State--Prince HANS ADAM von und zu Liechtenstein (since 13 November
1989
assumed executive powers 26 August 1984)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Hans BRUNHART (since 26 April 1978)
Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Herbert WILLE (since 2 February 1986)
Luxembourg
Chief of State--Grand Duke JEAN (since 12 November 1964)
Heir Apparent Prince HENRI (son of Grand Duke Jean, born 16 April 1955)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Jacques SANTER (since 21 July 1984)
Deputy Prime Minister Jacques F. POOS (since 21 July 1984)
Macau (overseas territory of Portugal)
Chief of State--President (of Portugal) Mario Alberto SOARES (since 9 March 1986)
Head of Government--Governor Carlos MELANCIA (since 3 July 1987)
Madagascar
Chief of State--President Adm. Didier RATSIRAKA (since 15 June 1975)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Lt. Col. Victor RAMAHATRA (since 12
February 1988)
Malawi
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Dr. Hastings Kamuzu BANDA (since
6 July 1966
sworn in as President for Life 6 July 1971)
Malaysia
Chief of State--Paramount Ruler AZLAN Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Sultan Yusof Izzudin
(since 26 April 1989)
Deputy Paramount Ruler JA'AFAR ibni Abdul Rahman (since 26 April 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Dr. MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (since 16 July
1981)
Deputy Prime Minister Abdul GHAFAR Baba (since 7 May 1986)
Maldives
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since
since 11 November 1978)
Mali
81
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Gen. Moussa TRAORE (since 6
December 1968)
Malta
Chief of State--President Vincent (Censu) TABONE (since 4 April 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Dr. Edward (Eddie) FENECH ADAMI (since 12
May 1987)
Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Guido DE MARCO (since 14 May 1987)
Man, Isle of (British crown dependency)
Chief of State--Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Lieutenant Governor Maj. Gen. Laurence NEW (since 1985)
Head of Government--President of the Legislative Council J. C. NIVISON (since 1985)
Marshall Islands
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Amata KABUA (since 1979)
Martinique (overseas department of France)
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government--Government Commissioner Jean Claude ROURE (since 5 May
1989)
President of the General Council Emile MAURICE (since NA 1988)
Mauritania
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Col. Maaouiya Ould SidAhmed
TAYA (since 12 December 1984)
Mauritius
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Sir Veerasamy RINGADOO (since 17 January 1986)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 12 June 1982)
Deputy Prime Minister Sir Satcam BOOLELL (since 15 August 1988)
Mayotte
(territorial collectivity of France)
Chief of State President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government Government Commissioner Akli KHIDER (since 1983)
President of the General Council Youssouf BAMANA (since 1976)
Mexico
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Carlos SALINAS de Gortari (since 1
December 1988)
Micronesia, Federated States of
Chief of State and Head of Government--President John R. HAGLELGAM (since 11
May 1987)
82
Vice President Hiroshi H. ISMAEL (since 11 May 1987)
Midway Islands (territory of the US)
Monaco
Chief of State--Prince RAINIER III (since November 1949)
Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre (born 14 March 1958)
Head of Government Minister of State Jean AUSSEIL (since 10 September 1985)
Mongolia
Chief of State--Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural Punsalmaagiyn
OCHIRBAT (since 21 March 1990)
Head of Government--Chairman of the Council of Ministers Sharabyn GUNGAADORJ
(since 21 March 1990)
Montserrat (dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor Christopher J. TURNER (since 1987)
Head of Government--Chief Minister John A. OSBORNE (since 1978)
Morocco
Chief of State--King HASSAN II (since 3 March 1961)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Dr. Azzedine LARAKI (since 30 September
1986)
Mozambique
Chief of State--President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Mario da Graca MACHUNGO (since 17 July
1986)
Namibia
Chief of State and Head of Government President Sam NUJOMA (since 21 March
1990)
Nauru
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 12
December 1989)
Navassa Island (territory of the US)
Nepal
Chief of State--King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (since 31 January 1972,
crowned King 24 February 1985)
Heir Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, son of the King (born
21 June 1971)
83
Head of Government--Prime Minister Marich Man Singh SHRESTHA (since 15 July
1986)
Netherlands
Chief of State--Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980)
Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER, Prince of Orange, son of Queen Beatrix (born
27 April 1967)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Ruud (Rudolph) F. M. LUBBERS (since 4
November 1982)
Deputy Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 2 November 1989)
Netherlands Antilles (part of the Dutch realm)
Chief of State--Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980),
represented by Governor General Jaime SALEH (since October 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Maria LIBERIA-PETERS (since 17 May 1988,
previously served from September 1984 to November 1985)
New Caledonia (overseas territory of France)
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government High Commissioner and President of the Council of Government
Bernard GRASSET (since 15 July 1988)
New Zealand
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II ( since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General The Most Rev. Sir Paul REEVES (since 20 November 1985)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Geoffrey PALMER (since 8 August 1989)
Deputy Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 8 August 1989)
Nicaragua
Chief of State and Head of Government--President-Elect Violeta Barios de
CHAMORRO (since 25 February 1990
takes office 25 April 1990)
Vice President-elect Virgilio GODOY (since 25 February 1990
takes office 25 April 1990)
Niger
Chief of State--President Brig. Gen. Ali SAIBOU (since 14 November 1987)
Head of Government--Prime Minister ALIOU MAHAMIDA (since 2 March 1990)
Nigeria
Chief of State and Head of Government--President and Commander in Chief of Armed
Forces Gen. Ibrahim BABANGIDA (since 27 August 1985)
Niue (free association with New Zealand)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by New
Zealand Representative John SPRINGFORD (since 1974)
84
Head of Government--Premier Sir Robert R. REX (since NA October 1974)
Norfolk Island (territory of Australia)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Administrator H. B. MACDONALD (since NA 1989), who is appointed by the
Governor General of Australia
Head of Government--Assembly President and Chief Minister John Terence BROWN
(since NA)
Northern Mariana Islands (commonwealth associated with the US)
Chief of State--President George BUSH (since 20 January 1989)
Vice President Dan QUAYLE (since 20 January 1989)
Head of Government--Governor Pedro P. TENORIO (since 1978)
Lieutenant Governor Pedro A. TENORIO (since NA)
Norway
Chief of State--King OLAV V (since 21 September 1957)
Heir Apparent Crown Prince HARALD (born 21 February 1937)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Jan P. SYSE (since 16 October 1989)
Oman
Chief of State and Head of Government--Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said
Al Said (since 23 July 1970)
Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the (Palau)
Chief of State--President Walker BUSH (since 20 January 1989), represented by High
Commissioner Janet MCCOY (since NA)
Head of Government--President Ngiratkel ETPISON (since 2 November 1988)
Pakistan
Chief of State--President GHULAM ISHAQ Khan (since 13 December 1988)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO (since 2 December 1988)
Palmyra Atoll (territory of the US)
Panama
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Guillermo ENDARA (since 20
December 1989, elected 7 May 1989)
First Vice President Ricardo Arias CALDERON (since 20 December 1989, elected 7
May 1989)
Second Vice President Guillermo FORD (since 20 December 1989, elected 7 May
1989)
Papua New Guinea
85
Chief of State--Queen Elizabeth II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor
General Vincent ERI (since 18 January 1990)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Rabbie NAMALIU (since 4 July 1988)
Deputy Prime Minister Akoko DOI (since 7 July 1988)
Paracel Islands
Paraguay
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Gen. Andres RODRIGUEZ Pedotti
(since 15 May 1989)
Peru
Chief of State--President-elect Alberto FUJIMORI (since 10 June 1990
Vice President-elect Maximo San ROMAN (since 10 June 1990)
Vice President-elect Carlos GARCIA
President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 July 1985)
First Vice President Luis Alberto SANCHEZ Sanchez (since 28 July 1985)
Second Vice President Luis Juan ALVA Castro (since 28 July 1985)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Guillermo LARCO Cox (since 3 October 1989)
Philippines
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Corazon C. AQUINO (since 25
February 1986)
Vice President Salvador H. LAUREL (since 25 February 1986)
Pitcairn Islands (dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the
Governor and UK High Commissioner to New Zealand Robin A. C. BYATT
(since NA 1988)
Head of Government--Island Magistrate and Chairman of the Island Council Brian
YOUNG (since NA 1985)
Poland
Chief of State--President Gen. Wojciech JARUZELSKI (since 19 July 1989, Chairman
of Council of State since 6 November 1985)
Head of Government--Premier Tadeusz MAZOWIECKI (since 24 August 1989)
Portugal
Chief of State--President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March
1986)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November
1985)
Deputy Prime Minister (vacant)
Puerto Rico (commonwealth associated with the US)
86
Chief of State--President George BUSH (since 20 January 1989)
Vice President Dan QUAYLE (since 20 January 1989)
Head of Government Governor Rafael HERNANDEZ Colon (since 2 January 1989)
Qatar
Chief of State and Head of Government--Amir and Prime Minister Khalifa bin Hamad
Al THANI (since 22 February 1972)
Heir Apparent Hamad bin Khalifa AL THANI (appointed 31 May 1977
son of Amir)
Reunion (overseas department of France)
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government--Commissioner of the Republic Daniel CONSTANTIN (since
September 1989)
Romania
Chief of State--President of Provisional Council of National Unity Ion ILIESCU (since
23 December 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister of Council of Ministers Petre ROMAN (since 23
December 1989)
Rwanda
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Maj. Gen. Juvenal
HABYARIMANA (since 5 July 1973)
St. Helena
(dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Head of Government--Governor and Commander in Chief Robert F. STIMSON (since
1987)
St. Kitts and Nevis
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Sir Clement Athelston ARRINDELL (since 19 September
1983, previously Governor General of the Associated State since November 1981)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Dr. Kennedy Alphonse SIMMONDS (since 19
September 1983, previously Premier of the Associated State since
February 1980)
Deputy Prime Minister Michael Oliver POWELL (since NA)
St. Lucia
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Stanislaus Anthony JAMES (since 10 October 1988)
87
Head of Government--Prime Minister John George Melvin COMPTON (since 3 May
1982)
St. Pierre and Miquelon
(territorial collectivity of France)
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government--Commissioner of the Republic Jean-Pierre MARQUIE (since
February 1989)
President of the General Council Marc PLANTEGENEST (since NA)
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General David JACK (since 29 Septermber 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister James F. MITCHELL (since 30 July 1984)
San Marino
Co-Chiefs of State and Co-Heads of Government--Captain Regent Salvatori REVES
(since April 1989) and Captain Regent Luciano CARDELLI (since April
1989)
Captains Regent are elected for six-month terms
Sao Tome and Principe
Chief of State--President Dr. Manuel Pinto da COSTA (since 12 July 1975)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Celestino Rocha da COSTA (since 8 January
1988)
Saudi Arabia
Chief of State and Head of Government--King and Prime Minister FAHD bin Abd alAziz Al Saud (since 13 June 1982)
Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (halfbrother to the King, appointed heir to the throne 13 June 1982)
Senegal
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Abdou DIOUF (since 1 January
1981)
Seychelles
Chief of State and Head of Government--President France Albert RENE (since 5 June
1977)
Sierra Leone
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Gen. Joseph Saidu MOMOH (since
28 November 1985)
First Vice President Abu Bakar KAMARA (since 4 April 1987)
Second Vice President Salia JUSU-SHERIFF (since 4 April 1987)
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Singapore
Chief of State--President WEE Kim Wee (since 3 September 1985)
Head of Government--Prime Minister LEE Kuan Yew (since 5 June 1959)
First Deputy Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 2 January 1985)
Second Deputy Prime Minister ONG Teng Cheong (since 2 January 1985)
Solomon Islands
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General George LEPPING (since 27 June 1989, previously acted as
governor general since 7 July 1988)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Solomon MAMALONI (since 28 March 1989)
Deputy Prime Minister Danny PHILIP (since 31 March 1989)
Somalia
Chief of State--President and Commander in Chief of the Army Maj. Gen. Mohamed
SIAD Barre (since 21 October 1969)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Lt. Gen. Mohamed Ali SAMANTAR (since 1
February 1987)
South Africa
Chief of State and Head of Government--State President Frederik W. DE KLERK (since
13 September 1989)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Commissioner William Hugh FULLERTON (since 1988
resident at Stanley, Falkland Islands)
Soviet Union
Chief of State--President Mikhail Sergeyevich GORBACHEV (since 14 March 1990
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party since 11 March
1985)
Head of Government--Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers Nikolay Ivanovich
RYZHKOV (since 28 September 1985)
Spain
Chief of State--King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez (since 2 December
1982)
Deputy Prime Minister Alfonso GUERRA Gonzalez (since 2 December 1982)
Spratly Islands
Sri Lanka
89
Chief of State--President Ranasinghe PREMADASA (since 2 January 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Dingiri Banda WIJETUNGE (since 6 March
1989)
Sudan
Chief of State and Head of Government--Revolutionary Command Council Chairman
and Prime Minister Brig. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 30
June 1989)
Deputy Chairman of the Command Council and Deputy Prime Minister Brig. Gen. alZubayr Muhammad SALIH (since 9 July 1989)
Suriname
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Ramsewak SHANKAR (since 25
January 1988)
Vice President and Prime Minister Henck Alfonsus Eugene ARRON (since 25 January
1988)
Svalbard (territory of Norway)
Chief of State--King OLAV V (since 21 September 1957)
Head of Government Governor Leif ELDRING (since NA)
Swaziland
Chief of State--King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Obed MFANYANA (since 12 July 1989)
Sweden
Chief of State--King CARL XVI Gustaf (since 19 September 1973)
Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the King (born 14
July 1977)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Ingvar CARLSSON (since 12 March 1986)
Deputy Prime Minister Kjell-Olof FELDT (since NA March 1986)
Switzerland
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Arnold KOLLER (1990 calendar
year
presidency rotates annually)
Vice President Flavio COTTI (term runs concurrently with that of president)
Syria
Chief of State--President Lt. Gen. Hafiz al-ASSAD (since 22 February 1971)
Vice Presidents Abd al-Halim KHADDAM, Dr. Rifat al-ASSAD, and Muhammad
Zuhayr MASHARIQA (since 11 March 1984)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Mahmud ZUBI (since 1 November 1987)
Deputy Prime Minister Lt. Gen. Mustafa TALAS (since 11 March 1984)
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Tanzania
Chief of State--President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985)
Head of Government--First Vice President and Prime Minister Joseph Sinde
WARIOBA (since 6 November 1985)
Thailand
Chief of State--King BHUMIBOL ADULYADEJ (since 9 June 1946)
Heir Apparent Crown Prince VAJIRALONGKORN (born 28 July 1952)
Head of Government Prime Minister Maj. Gen. CHATCHAI CHUNHAWAN (since 9
August 1988)
Deputy Prime Minister CHUAN LIKPHAI
Togo
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since
14 April 1967)
Tokelau (territory of New Zealand)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Head of Government--Administrator Neil WALTER
Official Secretary M. NORRISH, Office of Tokelau Affairs
Tonga
Chief of State--King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Prince Fatafehi TU'IPELEHAKE (since 16
December 1965)
Trinidad and Tobago
Chief of State--President Noor Mohammed HASSANALI (since 18 March 1987)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON (since
18 December 1986)
Tromelin Island (French possession)
Tunisia
Chief of State--President Gen. Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Hamed KAROUI (since 26 September 1989)
Turkey
Chief of State--President Turgut OZAL (since 9 November 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Yildirim AKBULUT (since 9 November 1989)
Deputy Prime Minister Ali BOZER (since 31 March 1989)
Turks and Caicos Islands (dependent territory of the UK)
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1953), represented by
Governor Michael J. BRADLEY (since 1987)
Head of Government--Chief Minister Oswald O. SKIPPINGS (since 3 March 1988)
91
Tuvalu
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by
Governor General Tupua LEUPENA (since 1 March 1986)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Bikenibeu PAENIU (since 16 October 1989)
Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Alesana SELUKA (since October 1989)
Uganda
Chief of State--President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since 30
January 1986)
First Deputy Prime Minister Eriya KATEGAYA (since NA)
United Arab Emirates
Chief of State--President Shaykh Zayid bin Sultan Al NUHAYYAN of Abu Dhabi
(since 2 December 1971)
Vice President Shaykh Rashid bin Said Al MAKTUM of Dubayy (since 2 December
1971
Head of Government--Prime Minister Shaykh Rashid bin Said Al MAKTUM of Dubayy
(Prime Minister since 30 April 1979)
Deputy Prime Minister Maktum bin Rashid al MAKTUM (since 2 December 1971)
United Kingdom
Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the Queen, born 14 November 1948)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Margaret THATCHER (since 4 May 1979)
Deputy Prime Minister Geoffrey HOWE (since 24 July 1989)
United States
Chief of State and Head of Government--President George BUSH (since 20 January
1989)
Vice President Dan QUAYLE (since 20 January 1989)
Uruguay
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Luis Alberto LACALLE (since 1
March 1990)
Vice President Gonzalo AGUIRRE (since 1 March 1990)
Vanuatu
Chief of State--President Frederick TIMAKATA (since 30 January 1989)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Father Walter Hadye LINI (since 30 July 1980)
Deputy Prime Minister (vacant)
Vatican City
Chief of State and Head of Government--Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA
since 16 October 1978)
92
Venezuela
Chief of State and Head of Government--President Carlos Andres PEREZ (since 2
February 1989)
Vietnam
Chief of State--Chairman of the Council of State Vo Chi CONG (since 18 June 1987)
Head of Government--Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Premier) Do MUOI (since
22 June 1988)
Virgin Islands (territory of the US)
Chief of State and Head of Government--President George BUSH (since 20 January
1989), represented by Governor Alexander FARRELLY (since 5 January
1987)
Lieutenant Governor Derek HODGE (since 5 January 1987)
Wake Island (territory of the US)
Wallis and Futuna (overseas territory of France)
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)
Head of Government--Chief Administrator Roger DUMEC (since 15 July 1988)
West Bank
Western Sahara
Western Samoa
Chief of State--Susuga Malietoa TANUMAFILI II (Co-Chief of State from 1 January
1962 until becoming sole Chief of State on 5 April 1963)
Head of Government--Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana (since 7 April 1988)
Yemen Arab Republic (Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen
Chief of State--President Col. Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 18 July 1978)
Vice President (vacant)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Abd al-Aziz ABD AL-GHANI (since 12
November 1983, previously prime minister from 1975-1980 and co-Vice President
from October 1980 to November 1983)
Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen
Chief of State--President Haydar Abu Bakr al-ATTAS (since 8 February 1986)
Head of Government--Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) Dr. Yasin
Said NUMAN (since 8 February 1986)
Deputy Prime Minister Salih Abu Bakr bin HUSAYNUN (since 8 February 1986)
Deputy Prime Minister Salih Munassir al-SIYAYLI (since 8 February 1986)
93
Yugoslavia
Chief of State President of the Collective State Presidency Borisav JOVIC (from Srbija
one-year term expires 15 May 1991)
Vice President of the Collective State Presidency--Stipe SUVAR (from Hrvatska
one-year term expires 15 May 1991)
note--the offices of president and vice president rotate annually among members of the
Collective State Presidency with the current vice president assuming the
presidency and a new vice president selected from area which has gone the longest
without filling the position (the current sequence is Srbija, Hrvatska, Crna Gora,
Vojvodina, Kosovo, Makedonija, Bosna i Hercegovina, and Slovenija)
Head of Government President of the Federal Executive Council Ante MARKOVIC
(since 16 March 1989)
Vice President of the Federal Executive Council Aleksandar MITROVIC (since 16
March 1989)
Vice President of the Federal Executive Council Zivko PREGL (since 16 March 1989)
Zaire
Chief of State--President Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga
(since 24 November 1965)
Head of Government--Prime Minister LUNDA Bululu (since 25 April 1988)
Zambia
Chief of State--President Dr. Kenneth David KAUNDA (since 24 October 1964)
Head of Government--Prime Minister Gen. Malimba MASHEKE (since 15 March 1989)
Zimbabwe
Chief of State and Head of Government--Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE
(since 31 December 1987)
Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987)
Taiwan
Chief of State--President LI Teng-hui (since 13 January 1988)
Vice President LI Yuan-tzu (will take office 20 May 1990)
Head of Government--Premier (President of the Executive Yuan) HAO Po-ts'un (since 2
May 1990)
Vice Premier (Vice President of the Executive Yuan) SHIH Ch'i-yang (since NA July
1988)
94