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7th Grade Matter and Energy in Everyday Life
2015­10­29
www.njctl.org
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Table of Contents
Click on the topic to go to that section
• Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis Formula Game
• Cellular Respiration
• Matter and Energy Flow
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Photosynthesis
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Energy for Life Where do you think all organisms on Earth get their energy? Do different organisms get energy from different places or do all organisms get energy from the same place?
Brainstorm at your table and write your thoughts below.
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Energy for Life All organisms get their energy from the sun!
How is this possible though? Isn't this giraffe getting its energy from the tree he is eating? Brainstorm at your table and write your thoughts below.
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Photosynthesis
The sun's energy cannot be used by cells without some help.
Photosynthesis is the process that makes the energy of sunlight usable for all living things.
How do plants get the energy from the sun?
Once you have come up with an idea, move the picture for the answer.
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Photosynthesis
Many living things can perform photosynthesis:
Plants
Bacteria
Algae
Are there any animals who perform photosynthesis?
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Where does the energy for life come from?
A Earth B The Sun
C Food Answer
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D Fossil Fuels 9
Complete Lab assignment according to teacher directions. Teacher Notes
Photosynthesis Discovery Lab
Find
Check out this video about photosynthesis. 10
Chemicals Involved in Photosynthesis
In addition to food, what do plants provide to us which we (and the fish in this picture) need?
Write your thoughts below. 11
Chemicals Involved in Photosynthesis
Reactants (what goes into photosynthesis):
• Water: H2O
• Carbon dioxide: CO2
Products (what comes out of photosynthesis):
• Oxygen: O2
• Glucose: C6H12O6
Glucose is sugar, a complex carbohydrate containing carbon. The individual molecules of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are joined together to make this molecule. 12
What chemical is not part of the photosynthesis process?
A carbon dioxide
B water
C glucose
Answer
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D carbon monoxide
E oxygen
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Plant Cell Review
In the last chapter, we learned about cells and organelles. At your table, think back and come up with a list of some cell characteristics and organelles which are specific to plants alone. Be ready to give an example to the class!
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Reactants for Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the leaves of plants and in the chloroplasts.
The pigment chlorophyll, which makes leaves green and is found inside the chloroplasts, collects the energy of sunlight.
The roots collect water and the stomata of the leaves collect CO2. These two materials are called the reactants.
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3 Which of the following are used in Photosynthesis? (select all that apply)
B Water
C Hydrogen
Answer
A Sunlight
D Carbon Dioxide
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4 Which plant parts are used in the collection of raw materials for photosynthesis?
B mitochondria and golgi body
C leaves and nucleus
Answer
A chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum
D chloroplast and stomata
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Multi­Step Process Photosynthesis is a multi­step process.
Step 1: Collection of raw materials (sunlight energy, water, carbon dioxide). Step 1 is called the light dependent reactions. Step 2: Processing of the raw materials to form glucose and oxygen. This step is called the Calvin Cycle, which is also known as the light independent or dark reactions. 18
The Calvin Cycle
The Calvin Cycle occurs when the molecules of carbon dioxide and water are taken apart, rearranged and recombined using the energy in sunlight to make glucose and oxygen.
The Calvin Cycle is named for Melvin Calvin, who in 1937 alongside his colleagues at the University of California, discovered the process. 19
5 What is the name of the cycle that is also known as the light independent reactions?
B Photosynthesis Cycle
Answer
A Calvin Cycle
C Hobbes Cycle
D Respiration Cycle
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The Calvin Cycle
Why is the Calvin cycle also called the dark reactions?
It is not really dark! It can happen anytime of the day, but does not require light to work.
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Photosynthesis Equation
Drag and drop the reactants and products into the correct place in the equation. ______ + _____ _______ + ______
Water
Glucose
Carbon
Oxygen
Dioxide
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Photosynthesis Equation
The process can be simplified into the following equation:
sunlight
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
The equation above contains 6 carbon molecules, 12 hydrogen molecules, and 18 molecules in both the reactants and products. They have just been regrouped into different compounds. 23
Learn more about photosynthesis and formulas by playing this game.
Teacher Notes
Photosynthesis Formula Game Find
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6 What are the products of photosynthesis?
A Water and carbon dioxide
C Carbon dioxide and glucose
Answer
B Glucose and oxygen
D Water and oxygen
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Overall Idea: Photosynthesis
Glucose is used by the cell immediately or stored for growth or later use. The oxygen is released as a waste product, it leaves through the stomata. This is good news because humans and many other animals rely on this oxygen!
The process of photosynthesis has stored the energy of sunlight for later use!
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Set Sail for the Island of Photosynthesis Project
Please use lab sheets to complete this assignment.
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Cellular Respiration
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis and respiration have a special relationship.
In animals, breathing is also known as respiration. Our cells also need to breathe. What do you think the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration is? 29
Cellular Respiration
Humans and other animals do not photosynthesize. Instead, our cells perform a process called cellular respiration.
This happens in the mitochondria and the cytoplasm.
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Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
In photosynthesis, plants take in water and carbon dioxide and produce glucose and oxygen.
Glucose (food)
Oxygen
In order for cellular respiration to occur, cells need to take in this glucose (sugar), which is collected through food. The cells also need this oxygen, which is collected by lungs, gills, or other similar structures.
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Cellular Respiration
Our cells turn these reactants into water and carbon dioxide, which coincidentally is needed by photosynthetic organisms!
H
In this process, our cells also release energy. This means that cellular respiration is an exothermic reaction.
water
O
H
Glucose (food)
O
C
O
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Energy
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Cellular Respiration Equation
Drag and drop the reactants and products into the correct place in the equation. ____ + _____ _____ + _____+ _____
Water
Energy
Glucose
Carbon
Dioxide
Oxygen
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Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
This equation has 18 molecules of oxygen, 12 molecules of hydrogen and 6 molecules of carbon on both sides of the equation. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the source of power in the cell.
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Cellular Respiration Molecular Model Activity
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Cellular Respiration vs Photosynthesis
How does the formula for cellular respiration relate to the formula for photosynthesis?
Work together with your game boards from the Photosynthesis Formula game to complete the Venn Diagram in your class work section. 36
Cellular Respiration vs Photosynthesis
These two processes are opposites.
The products of one are the raw materials of the other.
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are then used by cellular respiration to release energy, carbon dioxide and water.
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Fill in the blanks
Photosynthesis
Plants Produce: _______ and oxygen
Plants Use: ________ and Water
________ Cell
_________ Cell
_____________ _____________
Animals Use
glucose and Animals Produce:
Carbon Dioxide and _______
Cellular Respiration
________
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7 What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
B They are identical
C They are very similar, but not identical
Answer
A There is no relationship
D They are opposite processes
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Matter and Energy Flow
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Matter and Energy Flow
Photosynthesis
Now that we know how photosynthesis and respiration work together, let's think about how this system flows.
Cellular Respiration
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Complete the chart below
Energy STORED. Glucose and oxygen RELEASED.
Energy, water and carbon dioxide RELEASED.
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8 How does energy flow through the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A Energy is stored and never released.
C Energy is released by photosynthesis and stored by cellular respiration.
Answer
B Energy is stored by photosynthesis and released by cellular respiration.
D Energy is released by photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
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Matter and Energy Flow Chart
Draw your own chart of matter and energy flow.
Include:
All materials and the amounts of each
A plant
An animal
All terms
Where energy is stored
Where energy is released/ reused
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