James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 25 14.11.2006 6:48am
CHAPTER 2
Names, Acronyms, Classes, and Structures of Some
Important Polymers
Chandima Kumudinie Jayasuriya* and Jagath K. Premachandray
*Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka; yDepartment of Chemical
and Process Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Katubedda, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Acronym,
alternate
name
Common name
Amylose
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Polysaccharide
OH
O
OH
O
HO
OH
Bisphenol A
polysulfone
O
O
HO
OH
n
Polysulfone
O
O
SO2
C(CH3)2
n
Cellulose
Cellulose acetate
Rayon,
cellophane,
regenerated cellulose
CA
Polysaccharide
HO
OH
OH
O
O
OH
Cellulose ester
O
OR
O
HO
OH
n
OR
OR
O
O
OR
O
O
OR
OR
n
R = −COCH3
Cellulose nitrate
CN
Cellulose ester
OR
OR
OR
O
O
O
O
OR
OR
OR
n
R = −NO2
25
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 26 14.11.2006 6:48am
26 / CHAPTER 2
Continued.
Common name
Hydroxypropyl
cellulose
Acronym,
alternate
name
HPC
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Cellulose ester
OR
OR
OR
O
O
OR
O
O
OR
OR
n
R = −(CH2)3−OH
Ladder polymer
Double-strand
polymer
n
Polyacetal
Polyether
H
C
O
n
R
Polyacetaldehyde
Polyether
H
C
O
n
CH3
Polyacetylene
Polyalkyne
CH
CH
n
Polyacrylamide
Vinyl polymer,
acrylic polymer
CH
CH2
n
C
NH2
O
Poly(acrylic acid)
Vinyl polymer,
acrylic polymer
CH
CH2
n
C
O
OH
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 27 14.11.2006 6:48am
NAMES, ACRONYMS, CLASSES, AND STRUCTURES OF SOME IMPORTANT POLYMERS
/ 27
Continued.
Common name
Acronym,
alternate
name
Polyacrylonitrile
PAN
Class
Vinyl polymer,
acrylic polymer
Structure of repeat unit
CH2
CH
n
CN
Poly(L-alanine)
Polypeptide
O
NH
C
CH
n
CH3
Polyamide
Nylon
Polyamide
O
NH
R
NH
O
C
R'
C
n
Polyamide imide
PAI
O
C
NH
N
C
C
O
R
n
O
Polyaniline
Polyamine
NH
n
Polybenzimidazole
PBI
Polyheteroaromatic
N
N
NH
NH
Polybenzobisoxazole
PBO
Polyheteroaromatic
N
O
Polybenzobisthiazole
PBT
Polyheteroaromatic
n
N
O
N
N
S
S
n
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 28 14.11.2006 6:48am
28 / CHAPTER 2
Continued.
Common name
Poly(g-benzyl-Lglutamate)
Acronym,
alternate
name
PBLG
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Polypeptide
O
NH
CH
C
n
(CH2)2
O
1,2-Polybutadiene
PBD
C
CH2
O
Diene polymer
CH2
CH
n
CH
cis-1,4Polybutadiene
PBD
CH2
Diene polymer
H
trans-1,4Polybutadiene
PBD
H
Diene polymer
H
n
H
Poly(1-butene)
n
PB-1
Polyolefin
CH
CH2
n
CH2 CH3
Polybutylene
terephthalate
PBT
Polyester
(CH2)4
O
O
O
C
C
n
Poly(e-caprolactam)
Nylon 6
Polyamide
O
NH
C
(CH2)5
n
Poly(e-caprolactone)
Polyester
O
O
C
(CH2)5
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 29 14.11.2006 6:48am
NAMES, ACRONYMS, CLASSES, AND STRUCTURES OF SOME IMPORTANT POLYMERS
/ 29
Continued.
Common name
Acronym,
alternate
name
Polycarbonate
PC
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Polyester
CH3
O
O
C
O
CH3
cis-1,4Polychloroprene
Neoprene
n
Diene polymer
n
H
Cl
trans-1,4Polychloroprene
Neoprene
Diene polymer
H
Cl
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
PCTFE
Vinyl polymer,
Fluoro polymer
Cl
F
C
C
F
F
n
n
Poly(10-decanoate)
Polyester
O
(CH2)9
O
C
n
Poly(diethyl
siloxane)
PDES
Polysiloxane
CH2 CH3
Si
O
n
CH2 CH3
Poly(dimethyl
siloxane)
PDMS
Polysiloxane
CH3
Si
O
n
CH3
C
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 30 14.11.2006 6:49am
30 / CHAPTER 2
Continued.
Common name
Poly(diphenyl
siloxane)
Acronym,
alternate
name
PDPS
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Polysiloxane
Si
O
n
Polyester
O
O
O
R
O
C
R'
C
n
Polyether ketone
PEK
Polyketone
O
O
C
n
Polyether etherketone
PEEK
Polyketone
O
O
C
O
n
Polyether sulfone
PES
SO2
O
n
Polyethylene
PE
Polyolefin
CH2
CH2
n
Poly(ethylene imine)
Polyamine
CH2
CH2
NH
n
Poly(ethylene oxide)
[Poly(ethylene
glycol)]
PEO
[PEG]
Polyether
CH2
CH2
O
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 31 14.11.2006 6:49am
NAMES, ACRONYMS, CLASSES, AND STRUCTURES OF SOME IMPORTANT POLYMERS
/ 31
Continued.
Common name
Poly(ethylene
terephthalate)
Acronym,
alternate
name
PET
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Polyester
(CH2)2
O
O
O
C
C
n
Polyglycine
Polypeptide
O
NH
CH2
C
n
Poly(hexamethylene
adipamide)
Nylon 6,6
Polyamide
O
(CH2)6
NH
O
(CH2)4
C
NH
C
n
Poly(hexamethylene
sebacamide)
Nylon 6,10
Polyamide
O
(CH2)6
NH
O
(CH2)8
C
NH
C
n
Polyhydroxybutyrate
PHB
Polyester
CH3
O
O
CH2
CH
C
n
Polyimide
PI
Polyimide
O
O
C
C
N
Polyisobutylene
Butyl rubber
Vinylidine
polymer
N
C
C
O
O
CH3
C
CH2
n
CH3
Polyisocyanate
PIC
Polyamide
O
N
C
n
R
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 32 14.11.2006 6:49am
32 / CHAPTER 2
Continued.
Common name
Acronym,
alternate
name
Polyisocyanide
Class
Polyisocyanide
Structure of repeat unit
N
R
C
n
cis-1,4-Polyisoprene
cis-PIP,
natural rubber
Diene polymer
n
H
trans-1,4Polyisoprene
trans-PIP
Gutta percha
CH3
Diene polymer
CH3
H
Polylactam
n
Polyamide
O
(CH2)m
NH
C
n
Polylactone
Polyester
O
O
(CH2)m
C
n
Poly(methacrylic
acid)
Vinyl polymer,
acrylic polymer
COOH
CH2
C
CH3
Poly(methyl acrylate)
PMA
Vinyl polymer,
acrylic polymer
CH2
CH
C
O
n
O
n
CH3
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 33 14.11.2006 6:49am
NAMES, ACRONYMS, CLASSES, AND STRUCTURES OF SOME IMPORTANT POLYMERS
/ 33
Continued.
Common name
Poly(methyl
methacrylate)
Acronym,
alternate
name
PMMA
Class
Vinylidene
polymer,
acrylic polymer
Structure of repeat unit
CH3
CH2
C
C
n
CH3
O
O
Poly(4-methyl
pentene)
Polyolefin
CH2
CH
n
CH2
CH(CH3)2
Poly(a-methyl
stryrene)
Vinylidene
polymer
CH3
CH2
C
n
Poly(methylene
oxide)
PMO
Polyformaldehyde
Polyether
CH2
O
n
Poly(methyl phenyl
siloxane)
PMPS
Polysiloxane
CH3
Si
O
n
Poly(m-phenylene
terephthalamide)
Nomex
Polyaramid
O
HN
NH
C
O
C
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 34 14.11.2006 6:49am
34 / CHAPTER 2
Continued.
Common name
Poly(p-phenylene
terephthalamide)
Acronym,
alternate
name
Kevlar
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Polyaramid
HN
NH
O
O
C
C
n
Polynitrile
Polyimine
C
N
n
R
Polynucleotide
Polynucleotide
base
phosphate
sugar
n
Poly(n-pentene-2)
Poly(a-olefin)
CH
CH
CH3
CH2 CH3
CH
CH2
n
Poly(n-pentene-1)
Poly
(1-pentene)
Poly(a-olefin)
n
CH2 CH2 CH3
Polypeptides
[Poly(a-amino acid)]
Polypeptide
O
NH
CH
C
n
R
Poly(p-methyl
styrene)
Vinyl polymer
CH
CH2
n
CH3
Poly(p-phenylene)
PP
Polyaromatic
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 35 14.11.2006 6:49am
NAMES, ACRONYMS, CLASSES, AND STRUCTURES OF SOME IMPORTANT POLYMERS
/ 35
Continued.
Common name
Poly(p-phenylene
oxide)
Acronym,
alternate
name
PPO
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Polyether
O
n
Poly(p-phenylene
sulfide)
PPS
Polysulfide
S
n
Poly(p-phenylene
vinylene)
Polyaromatic
CH
CH
n
Polyphenylsulfone
Polysulfone
SO2
O
O
n
Polyphosphate
Inorganic
polymer
O
P
O
R
O
OR'
Polyphosphazene
Inorganic
polymer
n
R
P
N
n
R'
Polyphosphonate
Inorganic
polymer
O
P
O
R
O
n
R'
Poly(3-propionate)
Poly(bpropiolactone)
Polyester
O
O
CH2 CH2
C
n
Polypropylene
PP
Poly(a-olefin)
CH
CH3
CH2
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 36 14.11.2006 6:49am
36 / CHAPTER 2
Continued.
Common name
Poly(propylene
glycol)
Acronym,
alternate
name
PPG
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Polyether
HOCHCH2
CH2
O
CH
OH
n
CH3
Poly(propylene
oxide)
PPO
CH3
Polyether
CH2
CH
O
n
CH3
Polypyrazine
Heterocyclic
polymer
N
Ar
n
N
Polypyrazole
Heterocyclic
polymer
R
R
N
N
N
N
R
Poly(pyromellitimide-1,4diphenyl ether)
Kapton
Polyimide
O
O
C
C
C
C
O
O
N
Polypyrrole
n
O
N
n
Heterocyclic
polymer
N
Polyquinoxaline
R
n
Heterocyclic
polymer
N
N
N
N
n
Polysilane
Inorganic
polymer
R
Si
R'
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 37 14.11.2006 6:49am
NAMES, ACRONYMS, CLASSES, AND STRUCTURES OF SOME IMPORTANT POLYMERS
/ 37
Continued.
Common name
Acronym,
alternate
name
Polysilazane
Polysiloxane
Class
Inorganic
polymer
Silicone
Inorganic
polymer
Structure of repeat unit
R
Si
N
R'
R"
n
R
Si
O
n
R'
Polystyrene
PS,
styrofoam
Vinyl polymer
CH2
CH
n
Polysulfide
Thiokol
Polysulfide
R
Sm
n
Polysulfur
Polysulfur
S
n
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Poly(tetramethylene
oxide)
PTFE,
Teflon
PTMO
Poly(a-olefin)
F
F
C
C
F
F
n
Polyether
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
O
n
Polythiazyl
S
N
n
Polythienyl vinylene
CH=CH
S
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 38 14.11.2006 6:49am
38 / CHAPTER 2
Continued.
Common name
Acronym,
alternate
name
Polythiopene
Class
Structure of repeat unit
Polyheterocyclic
S
Poly(trimethylene ethylene
urethane)
n
CH2CH2CH2 OCONH CH2CH2
O
NHCO
n
Polyurea
Polyurea
O
NH
R
NH
O
C
NH
R'
NH
C
n
Polyurethane
Adiprene
Polyurethane
O
O
R
O
O
C
NH
R'
NH
C
n
Poly(L-valine)
Polypeptide
O
NH
CH
C
n
CH(CH3)2
Poly(vinyl acetate)
PVAc
Vinyl polymer
CH2
CH
n
O
CH3
C
O
Poly(vinyl alcohol)
PVA
Vinyl polymer
CH
CH2
n
OH
Poly(vinyl butyral)
PVB
Vinyl polymer
CH2
CH2
CH
CH
O
O
CH
(CH2)2 CH3
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 39 14.11.2006 6:49am
NAMES, ACRONYMS, CLASSES, AND STRUCTURES OF SOME IMPORTANT POLYMERS
/ 39
Continued.
Common name
Acronym,
alternate
name
Class
Poly(vinyl carbazole)
Structure of repeat unit
CH2
CH
n
N
Poly(vinyl chloride)
PVC
Vinyl polymer
CH2
CH
n
Cl
Poly(vinyl fluoride)
PVF
Vinyl polymer,
fluoro polymer
CH2
CH
n
F
Poly(vinyl formal)
Vinyl polymer
CH2
CH2
CH
CH
O
O
CH2
Poly(2-vinyl
pyridine)
PVP
Vinyl polymer
CH2
CH
n
N
Poly(N-vinyl
pyrrolidone)
Vinyl polymer
CH
CH2
n
N
Poly(vinylidene
chloride)
PVDC
Vinylidene
polymer
O
Cl
C
CH2
n
Cl
n
James E. Mark: Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook 2e chap02
Final Proof page 40 14.11.2006 6:49am
40 / CHAPTER 2
Continued.
Common name
Poly(vinylidene
fluoride)
Acronym,
alternate
name
PVDF
Class
Vinylidene
polymer
Structure of repeat unit
F
CH2
C
n
F
Poly(p-xylylene)
CH2
CH2
n
Vinyl polymer
Vinyl polymer
R
R"
C
C
R'
R" "
n
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of
W. Zhao, formerly of SRI International, to this chapter.
http://www.springer.com/978-0-387-31235-4