 Satire – know the language of satire! Every 2-3 years there is a
compare/contrast regarding satire (yes, we will spend lots of time on this)!
Purpose – to criticize in order to improve/bring light to the situation.
Invective – satire through attack.
Sarcasm – satire attacking on a personal and ill-humored level.
Jeremiad – lamenting over the state of society in decline; list of woes.
Formal Satire Use of persona to narrate or first person narrative point of view – character in
the story
 Horatian satire – gentle, urbane, amused, witty. Uses gentle and sympathetic
laughter.
E.g. Addison (social reform of the age of Queen Anne).
 Juvenalian satire – biting, bitter, angry. Contemptuous of corruption and evil of
human beings and institutions. E.g. Swift.
Indirect Satire:
Uses characters in a narrative. Characters are mocked through their own
actions and words. E.g. Alice in Wonderland.
Methods of Satire: Know these!
1. Irony
2. Burlesque (comedy using ridiculous exaggeration)
3. Parody (mocking imitation)
4. Mockery (subject of scorn, laughter, ridicule)
5. Sarcasm (praise to personally mock someone; a form of verbal irony)
6. Invective (attack)
7. Innuendo (insinuation or indirect suggestion; often harmful connotation)
8. Understatement (form of irony; purposely represent something as less than it is)
9. Hyperbole (conscious exaggeration)
10. Bathos (move from sublime to ridiculous quickly).