LEIDSE
GEOLOGISCHE
MEDEDELINGEN,
Carboniferous Sphinctozoa
Vol.
42,
from
1969,
the
15-5-1969
239—257, published separately
pp.
Cantabrian
Spain
Mountains,
BY
van
W.J.E.
de Graaff
Abstract
In
Westphalian
and
variability
Cantabrian
maior
is
barroisi
described.
All
northern
Mountains,
Sollasia
common;
Amblysiphonella
of
Cystauletes
quite
are
the
of
strata
Cystauletes
is
and
three
much
rarer.
associated
are
Palencia,
is
the
mammilosus
Cystauletes
genera
This
is
with
the
Spain,
first
sphinctozoan
occurrence
demonstrated
of
abundant
with
Dasycladaceae,
which
Amblysiphonella
sponges
Cystauletes
in
material.
indicates
The
Europe.
a
One
very
great
new
species
shallow
water
environment.
INTRODUCTION
In
1882
Steinmann
described
three
sponges from the Lena beds
near
Since
of
that
time
these sponges in
In the
calcareous
Sierra
a
the
are
fairly
shales.
of
in
some
of
village
these
limestones
in
locality
one
the
on
area,
Mountains,
common
Especially
number of
large
(Asturias).
occurrences
Pisuerga
Cantabrian
north of the
Corisa,
yielded
of the
strata
of
however,
sponges,
and
flank
other
has been made.
Spain,
Westphalian
southern
report
no
sphinctozoan
Sebarga
Vergaño
the
(fig.
and
Amblysiphonella
1),
Cys-
tauletes.
The
of
age
is
occur,
the
shallow
considered
(1966)
be
to
by
deposits
water
van
Upper
Ginkel
in
which
and
(1965)
Moscovian,
i.e.
they
Rácz
Westphalian
C—D.
Although Amblysiphonella
been
found
Palencia
yielded
and
León,
than
more
material
with
is,
where Barrois
material
for
dated
the
Lower
Moscovian
the
Piedras
bers
are
tively.
of
Lena
an
means
The
few
a
not
been
found in
and
Paleoecology
of
of
an
detail.
Sebarga,
de
Lena
he
to
(1965)
gives
as
for
Limestone Mem-
Vereyan
itself
range of
this
Cystauletes
age other than
in
Ginkel
yields
(Myachkovian)
stratigraphie
this
only
specimens,
ages
Lower
locality
of
locality
visit
Pola
The
Perapertu
and
Vereyan
Moscovian.
strata
to
Van
near
barroisi and Sollasia ostiolata in
whole of the
and
described
able
also
provinces
Corisa
fragments
comparison.
Moscovian
Upper
the
found Steinmann's
Sierra Corisa
that the
in
Sierra
(Kashirian).
have
Cystauletes
exceptions,
Formation
Luengas
Upper
the
only
have
(1882)
and
localities
some
I
Unfortunately
collect
other
at
p.
the
Situation
&
fully
confirmed.
region
has
covers
not
yet
the
been
Moscovian.
are
found,
Sierra
as
Corisa
to
the
locality
Finks's
paleoecology
Geologisch Instituut,
lands.
Garenmarkt
of
the
Sierra
Corisa
sandstone
Cystauletes
and
original
inferences
The
are
depositional
The
bioturbated and
are
Nether-
sediment in
in
which
calcareous, silty
present,
little
sediment
polished
a
no
or
and
the
shales
Although
structures
whole
(1960,
of these sponges
lb, Leiden,
The
varies from
layers
(after
locality
De
1966).
calcareous sandstones.
sorted,
few
has
been
has
poorly
discrete
trace
textures
sections it
sponges
to
of
has
the
been
intensively
a
mottled
appearance.
Apart
1
Boschma,
preserved.
14—34)
map
Sitter
This
age.
Sollasia
At
1.
Fig.
Amblysiphonella
Upper
Amblysiphonella,
respec-
fusulinids
and
from the sponges this
diverse
groups:
fauna
fusulinids
which
and
locality yields
comprises
other
a
the
fairly
rich
following
foraminifera,
rugose
W.
240
J.
E.
gastropods, pelecypods(?),
corals, bryozoa, brachiopods,
trilobites and crinoids. The sponges have in
some
cases
been encrusted
have
been
unable
by cyclostomate
ascertain
to
whether
I
bryozoa.
this
occurred
before
van
de Graaff
SYSTEMATICS
Introduction.
the
If
tries
one
far the
sponge.
establish
to
changed
dasycladacean
which
algae
with the sponges. These
thus
give
have
to
few
a
from
consider
are
in
close
association
in situ and
confirm
outcrops
found in
less
and
horizontally
These features indicate that the
in their live
branched
specimens
plate V,
fig. 4,
than
greater
achieved
by
Another
the
case
possibility
the
is
that
is
case,
plate III,
provided
This
less
or
which
the
older
tall
very
it
or
fallen
specimen
same
may
individual
species
ment
6
very
started
been
over.
to
grow.
Sollasia have
the
quiet,
they normally
I.e.
most
Aporata
Seilacher,
De
Sollasia
Steinmann,
essen-
Catenulate
—
specimens
have
shape
have
often
in
been
been
of
the
culae. Wall is
this
more
oldest
found.
Sollasia ostiolata
a
whole,
for
I, fig.
2, plate II,
which feature is much less
In
the
with
silica.
place,
of
latter
the
the
Even
the
not
Diagnosis.
floor;
—
they
four
by
Chambers
if
no
walls,
because
possible
wall
to
of
during
in
are
diagenetic
to
of
the
recognize
or
4.
hollow and have
by
Cystauletes
diagenesis,
silicification
the fine
1
a
six(?)
to
two
layers
ostia.
spouted
the
doubled
a
wide
mm
osculum.
and is
The
pierced
chambers
are
outside.
Material.
the
Three
—
the
fragments;
larger specimens
two
measurements
in
given
are
of
millimeters.
nmb.chamb.
length
25
10
16
4
a
chamb.
o
base
3,5
3,5
3
5
oscul.
0
. 0,9—1,0
ostia
d wall
0,3
0,3—0,4
0,2—0,4
0,5—0,6
0,8—0,9
.
top
0
well
crushed
sometimes filled
recrystallization.
fig.
been
Amblysiphonella.
took
structures
Nevertheless
confirm Steinmann's
structures.
are
connected
are
visible from
clearly
environ-
usually
flattened
common
chambers
it is often difficult
it has been
of
only
fig. 5, 6, 7, plate IV,
the
Amblysiphonella,
Specimens
vesi-
with
or
1882
Steinmann,
was
Although
as
probably
silicified
partly
(or
crypto-
are
hollow
several ostia.
pierced by
The chamberwall consists of
youngest
is
1882
on
indi-
a
that the
suitable
sponges
1882
and/
two
shallow marine
cases
1955
In that
grew.
few
a
1961
Laubenfels,
which
stems
Chambers
siphonate.
3—5
only
1882
Sollasia ostiolata Steinmann,
Genotype:
2_3
external
the
by
presented
Celyphidae
Genus
Preservation
preserved,
Amblysiphonella
Superfamily
height
The
confirmed
completely
on
in-
separate
a
Family
pseudo-)
shown
growing.
was
as
the
are
attachment
an
transported
deposited,
status
Steinmann,
Diagnosis.
consists of
the
their
Sphinctozoa
been
scavengers
likely
of
species
being
lying
are
as
is
opinion
measurements
Suborder
and
have
specimen
serves
in this paper.
to
many
Amblysiphonella,
warrant
to
and
names.
large,
that the environment in which
was
outside
where
it
have
continue
to
and
Cystauletes
deposited
to
of
the
table 1.
the
indication that
before
over
before
even
probably implies
fallen
of
distances
these sponges grew in
it is
upright position,
individual had
the
the
specimen
base for the younger. As
superfamily
that
out
abolished
had
two
his
of
most
or
1967).
toppled
An
by
list
Plate
1.
fig.
viduals of
tufts
may be due
movement.
water
that
over
(Hayes,
been
in
without
meters,
these
only
fragmentation
ordinary
or
is
and have
and
pointed
known
This
species.
longer
no
plate II, fig.
on
storm
more
observed
transport may
a
occasional
an
place
in
Such
broken.
completely
Laubenfels
especially
Sphinctozoa,
orientation of the
was
transported
of
tens
re-established
the
in
(1961)
fragmented.
are
quite improbable
been
few
a
badly
sponges
plane
shown
as
have
Seilacher also
in
preferred
horizontal
the
Nevertheless it is
outcrop.
tially
No
positions.
in
has been
lying
were
often
were
de
family
one
sufficiently
All
upright position.
an
fragments
shallow,
a
situ. None of the specimens
in
preserved
are
this.
is whether the sponges themselves
important point
that
names
(1955)
for
names
Seilacher
Sphinctozoa
cannot
marine environment.
quiet, fully
the
new
Sedimentary
meters.
The above mentioned characteristics indicate
An
old
of
of
Seilacher's classification is adhered
of
neighbouring
higher
review
introduced
water-depth
that
tens
however,
are,
units.
taxonomie
Laubenfels
de
by
number
a
of
classification
(1882)
amplified by Girty ( 1908b),
was
considerably
introduced
by
preserved
occur
algae
clear indication
a
exceeded
structures
original environment,
fossils
important
most
who
the
which
Sphinctozoa,
or
was
after death of the
Steinmann's
—
descriptions
Wall
structures.
tion
has
of
structure
visible.
is
the
in
which has
forms
its
surface
the
length
are
In
this
wall
decreases from inside
while
every
is
spaced
to
1,4
at
a
specimen recrystalliza-
second
specimen
a
of
trace
the
of the ostia
one
shaped tube,
the first
In
wall.
in
Besides,
visible
surface,
—
obliterated
a
two-layer
it
peculiar
this
rings
ostium.
outside from
mm.
one
The
rings
distance of
0,13
on
Its
0,27
to
on
is
still
structure
(plate II, fig. 7).
number of
of
the
A
its
cone
outer
diameter
0,19
the
mm
mm,
outer
and
are
Carboniferous
0,01
high.
mm
tentaculite.
has
structure
plete puzzle
been
about 850
C-D
ostia
its
of
a
comparable
a
function is
a
com-
Sollasia ostiolata has been found
of
A
and also in
small limestone lens
a
Tremaya
This
(Palencia).
i.e.
Moscovian,
Upper
the
at
Westphalian
spicule-like
has been
Superfamily
Porata
Seilacher,
Family
Sebargashdae
Girty,
Genus
Amblysiphonella
later
barroisi
Amblysiphonella
to
1882
Steinmann,
Diagnosis.
osculum.
and
Catenulate
Stems
may be
vesiculae.
external
with
cylindrical
are
branched.
(inversely)
or
Chambers
Pores of osculum
often
retrosiphonate
a
conical,
hollow
are
than
larger
with
or
of
pores
Plate
I,
fig.
5,
6,
8,
9,
plate
II,
fig.
2,
3,
The
—
varies
probably
stems
diameter of
the
diameterof the
be
may
Wall
between
osculum
varies
of
two
the
varies
between
wall
thin dark lines which
produce
0,6
of the osculum.
and
0,5
and
0,05
or
from 0,5
to
preserved
About
—
20
to
cm,
90
fragments,
the
of which
detailed
permit
in the
made
texture
to
of the
the
study
were
well
enough
of external
and thin sections
peels
microscopic
with
the
that
outer one
is
pattern
(plate IV,
fig. 9).
The
to
the wall.
also
be
its
and
more
This
10).
its
stems
of
is
was
the
by
calcite,
orientated
of
lack
the
be
may
of
walls
as
it
is
use
it
occurs
vesiculae;
probably
crossed
the
as
the
a
in
see
the
it
A.
strengthening
the
still
clearly
measured
the
specitufts
larger
of the different features
is
shown.
1965)
distinct
barroisi
we
seems
represent only
divide this
to
list
into
dimensions.
Steinmann
completest
two
it
showed,
of table 1
clearly
If
which
variation,
in
are
specimens
is
species
it
is
obvious
that
are
therefore
A.
carbonaria,
carefully
identical
that
probably
radicifera
chinense,A.
barroisi.
should
be
clathrata,
and A.
lörentheyi,
vesiculosa.
siko-
they
as
are
such
considered
A.
to
asiatica,
Another
and A.
by
A.
re-examined
A.
to
species
consider
I
merlai, A. sarytchevae
be
compared
several
range of what
suggest
constituted
mellosa, A.
species.
Amblysiphonella
as
A.
a
one
multila-
barroisi
Apart
—
has
been
Perapertu, Agujas
the
on
province
the
of
from the
found
near
NW
of
to
vince
on
of
Puerto
Riaño also
the
Léon.
maps
Boschma
All
is
The
by
(1966).
Piedras
Slumped
the
Mesao Limestone Member
Amblysiphonella.
the
locality,
Luengas,
and Abismo Limestone Members in
Palencia.
Coriscao
Sierra Corisa
in
de
near
San
some
localities
are
Sitter
(1962)
as
is
and
the
the
lime-
specimens
in
mentioned limestones
Their age,
blocks
Glorio,
Prioro and
yielded
three
limestone
de
the
de
pro-
shown
are
indicated
of
Sitter
by
&
fusu-
Moscovian.
are
Genus
fig.
parts
of
I
A.
which
group
of
variability
should
quite likely
linids,
which
fig. 6)
if
pores
(plate IV,
plate I,
A.
the
vary. As
of
greater than
with
this
to
barroisi.
stones
and
seems
lower
available
not
specimens
intraspecific
a
present.
the
by
vesiculae,
base
it
perpendicularly
normally quite irregular
because
mainly
the
above mentioned
inner side
are
it
of which
layers
variable. Nevertheless
primary,
(like
the
sections
and
two
inner
sparry
is
structure
layer
parts.
peels
by
the
the
layer
important
function
basal
On
Its surface
thickness
undoubtedly
the
of this
primary
a
and
layer consisting
crystals
the
characterized
honeycomb
third
From
—
were
from
partly
specimens
which
can
impossible
species
the
Occurrence.
the wall consists of
Amblysi-
table,
and
structure
walls.
structures.
appeared
is
material,
my
fall inside
A.
Wall
in
fragments
those of the
belongs
If the known
(Sebargasia)
length
other
given
I conclude that all the studied
present collection,
material
dichotoma,
in
studied
range
specimens
groups
agreement with
this
ones were
Ziegler (
as
dimensions of
A.
measurements
and internal features. Some 25
were
60
some
it
as
A.
varying
the
still
that the
more
kuensis
Material.
1
their
are
of
genera
in
figured
variability
is
quite large
likely
surrounded
honeycomb pattern.
a
of
only
are
be
mm.
the
fairly great
In
1,5
are
known
shown
original
consideration
species
one
The
cm.
1/3
to
between
normally
into
be
4.
branched,
2,5
1/10
sections of the wall the pores
tangential
by
and
0,5
about
pores in the
larger
thickness
is
often
the,
table
incomplete.
were
specimen
one
4,
The diameterof the pores, which
stem.
forked,
with the
mm,
diameter of
I
of the
original descriptions,
from
it is obvious that the
As
Diagnosis.
the
also
if the
partly
hand
at
mens
most
plate III, fig. 1, 4, 6, plate IV, fig. 9, 10, plate V, fig.
this,
of
measurements
parameters of Amblysiphonella
1882
Steinmann,
10,
and
measurements
can
barroisi
of
are
descriptions
indicate the
take
Amblysiphonella
all
in
because
representative
are
of
nature.
represented
collection
table 2
which
descriptions
in
wall.
the
taken from the
me,
The
stems
in
measurements
1882
Steinmann,
specimens
true
millimeters.
partly
1908
The
(plate II,
example
one
that
specimen
one
chambers
two
establish its
to
from
As
of
found
only
in
present
joint
greater length and they
phonella
1961
have
—
specimens.
The
—
I
selected
were
the
at
unable
Discussion.
is
structure
cut
As
fig. 2).
in
age.
Genotype:
241
have been
due south of
is
should think
one
other
found and
locality
m
limestone
it,
the
me.
—
Sierra Corisa
of
none
to
Occurrence.
visualize
To
In
Sphinctozoa
of
Genotype:
CYSTAULETES
Cystauletes
King,
1943
mammilosus
King,
1943
and
these
Diagnosis.
osculum.
—
Glomerate
Stems
are
stems
cylindrical
with
or
a
retrosiphonate
(inversely)
conical
242
W.
E.
J.
van
de GraafF
■
1
1
TABLE
1
_iJ
AMBLYSIPHOHELIA, STEINMA NN
AMBLYSIPH0HELLA.5TEIHMAMM
1882
1882
=>
C
E
m
A. asiática
Yü
A.barroisi
Steinmann,is82
C
A.(Sebarqasia)
Steinmann,i882
C
A. chínense
Hayasaka,i9t8
P
A.dathrata
Parona,i93i
A.dichotoma
,
P
1935
70
14
-.J
1
1
O
=1
O
|
ÍS
ÍS
,
d
h.bot. h.top.
21
16
|
|
9
12
26
8
S
6
14
P
35
4?
14
(Yabe)Hayasal<a,i9i8
P
60
8?
A.quadalupensis
Girty,i908
P
A.irreqularis
Wilckens,i937
T
A.lörenthevi
Vinassa,i90i
T
90
A.mabuchii
Yabe &5uqiyama,i934
P
70
P
100
S
is
4
14
5
1
c
"J
1
in
1
,.S
0
is
is
1
5
9
6
-*->
Cl.
.—i
d.
O-
C
(fl
0
¡
ia
is
4
|
11
2,5
1
3
|
8
1,5
I
1,5
ó
&.
O
at
a»
19
5
3,5
1
0.
|
_Q
Of
-C
>
0,3
0,5
0.15
0,15
0,1
>
CL»
>
X
-
-
X
X
-
-
-
-
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X
X
X
X
-
-
-
-
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
carbonaria
A.merlai
Parona,i93i
A.multilamellosa
-14
38
12
4
14
Havasaka,i9i8
A.prosseri
Clarke,i897
C
59
15 -18
36
Zhuravleva,i965
P
70
YabeiSuqiyama,i934
P
90
A.socialis
Waag.
A.(?)
Vinassa,i9i5
T
50
Waaq.i Wentz.,1887
P
150
timorica
specimen
number:
1
Wentz.,1887
150
30
12
3
5
-24
'
1 -3
1
12
17
10
17
11
10
|
14
54
67
9
14
I
12
6
|
52
51
9
14
I
19
5
8
!
15
5
5
9
i
10
2.5
0,1
-0,3
0,1
X
|3
0,1
-0,2
0,15-0,4
X
X
-
6
12
I
11
4
14
0,15-0,3
X
X
-
1
6
11
14
5
!
-
-
¡
7
9
I
12
X
X
X
¡
8
1,5
¡2
0,15
0,2 -0,3
X
X
X
,
8
1
0,15-0,3
0,15-0,3
-
-
-
|
6
1,5
0,05-0,15
0,15-0,3
-
-
-
-
-
-
X
-
-
X
-
X
-
-
-
-
-
-
X
X
-
58
42
7
8
!
9
6
1
6
7
38
7
9
|
10
4
5
8
1
7
4
6
4
|
4
6
I
e
5
5
1
2
8
¡
5
2
2
0,2 -0,4
0,2
112
3
¡
6
7
|
9
3
|3
0,15-0,2
0,15-0,2
¡
9
4
|
5
7
I
7
3
I3
|
9
4
1
4
1
7
2
I
¡
4
5
'
8
2
,
6
7
|
9
1
29
32
6
9
34
32
8
9
55
32
7
8
57
32
7
8
!
10
6
68
32
7
9
!
11
4
outer diameter of stem at the
top
h.bot.
height
of
segment
at the base
h.top.
height
of
segment
at the
top
0.
0
0.
0
0
0
in
|
3
0,15-0,3
2
0,15
c.t.
dianîeter
ofpc
res
in oute •wall
diarr eter
of pi
res
in
oscL
lum
-
0,2
0,15-0,35
0,15-0,3
vesiculae
present
at b ase
present
at t
9J>(X)
vesiculae
present
in
>culum(x)
ves.
diameter of osculum at the top
-0,3
vesiculae
p. t.:
ves.p.b.:
top
-
0,15-0,3
inner diameter of stem at the
diameter of osculum at the base
n.p.
0,15
2
|
-
0,15-0,3
inner diameterof stem at the base
c.b.
jt.p.
12
'3
10
10
0
13
2
6
segments
X
X
12
outerdiameterofstem at the base
X
0,15-0,3
0,15-0,3
10
I
nmb.seg.
0,15-0,3
X
0,15-0,4
|
10
0out.b.
|3,5
X
0,2
8
7
in n.t.
0,15-0,2
-
0,15-0,3
5
1
0
6
14,5
|
5
X
3
5
6
|
2
0,2
-1
X
12
32
-
|4,5
11
13
-
-
1,5
1
8
-
X
2
|
8
-
11
10
34
-
14
12
0in n.b.
0,15-0,5
-
|
8
specimen
0,15-0,4
-
-
I
7
number of
¡4
-
9
7
43
length
-
7
7
5,5 . 7,5
43
length
-0,25
-
-
27
61
0,15-0,25
0.15
5-9
28
8
0,3
13
70
8
-
7
115
35
5
0,2
1
44
0,2
10
6-8
X
X
3-
25
10
out. t.
2
55
7
5!
of
3
13
16
18
0,15
0,5
3
33
11
0,25-0,3
-
-
30
15
P
24
0,25-0,3
0,5
20
20-25
A. planorbis
A.sikokuensis
0,15
4
4-5
11
A. sarytchevae
3
20
P
100
12
35
14
30
P
5
8-9
P
Waaq.i Wentz.,1887
5-7
2-3
12
4
55
A.radicifera
12
16
Waaq.i Wentz.,1887
A. vesiculosa
0
13
4
ves.p.o. :
T
:
Tria ssic
P
:
Per mian
C
:
Car )oniferous
0
(x)
Carboniferous
and may be branched. One
which
the
are
osculum.
The
vesiculae. The
by
the
less
or
more
chambers
are
chambers
(cysts),
arranged,
surrounds
hollow
with
branched pores
normally
honeycomb pattern
same
of
layer
spirally
in
as
or
rare
surrounded
are
243
Sphinctozoa
Occurrence.
the
at
de
Mesao
Plate
plate IV, fig.
Diagnosis.
2, 3, 5, 7,
is
through by
cut
from 4
of
2,8
maior
more
less
or
to
about 20
to
in
that
cysts
varies
probably
which
stem,
the top. The diameter
at
from
vary
ranges
varies
and
0,08
osculum
from
0,7
cysts,
from
70
20
to
0,5
About
—
specimens
detailed
cm,
7
to
in
The
mm.
widely spaced
the
study
silicified
the
and
few
a
sections
HC1
walls.
more
gave
proved
be
to
In
in-
quite
silicification;
incomplete
treated in this
specimens
In
made
were
the
polishing
with
of
of
Some
permit
to
features.
different
thin
way
gave
results.
good
Wall
structures.
—
that the
peared
From
wall
Amblysiphonella
tion of the
as
innermost
be
center
observed
of the
layer
that
the
anastomosing
is much
silicified
rarer
than
specimens
fine
very
honeycomb
tubes
pattern
varies from about
the
in
it
the
have
an
appearance.
—
chosen
were
show
As in
the
The
from
Amblysiphonella
ured parameters
Especially
In
none
was
the
of the
however,
is
not
barroisi
29
specimens
the
be
material
features
quite great,
specimen
observed;
barroisi.
studied
characteristic
this
even
in
of
The
this
same
table 2a
because
they
species
best.
of the
one
shows
branching
possibility
excluded.
of
variability
(143328)
the
in
represented
of
meas-
specimen.
this
an
clearly.
osculum
occurring
applies
(?)
to
1/8
number
from
ranges
dimension
in
spheroidal
cysts,
0,6
as
1,3
to
in
C.
3
this
to
to
section
0,8
The
the
pores
of
with
each
which
fragments
5
the
the
Wall
to
fragments
fig.
other.
finer
About
—
The
only
can
it
however,
the wall
reminiscent
I
of
the
to
3,4
a
due
to
can
be
or
less
The
axis
more
cm.
plane
about
of
15
peels
wall
be
can
shows
algal
ranges
the
from
size
same
in
cm
close
long.
contact
prepared
were
structures
a
one
to
observed
observed,
as
be
to
faint
a
that
the
is
About
outer
strongly
its
nature
primary layer
a
It is
sponge.
trace
of C.
specimen
(plate V,
lamination which
seems
identical
are
specimen
exceptionally good preservation
one
20
to
up
stromatolites.
that it
say
are
later encrustation of the
not
transverse
a
structures.
structures.
3),
by
found
were
those of C. mammilosus. In
part of
total diameter of
mammilosus.
Two
study
of
stems,
greatest horizontal
same
are
(?)
The osculum
cm.
cut
The
from
in
4
of the
cysts
6.
to
varies
cylindrical
2,7
1/3
of
transverse
cm.
Material. —
can,
to
with
Differences
related
differs from the
only
in
section
a
transverse
in relation
of
and
probably
that this feature
similar
a
is
layer
mammilosus.
instance the
in
143328)
are
—
given
above
ments
given
Owing
has
we
to
seem
to
be
in that
genus,
number of
stem,
specimen
extrapolated,
are
cut.
29
cysts,
If for
(deposited
for
a
specimen
would expect about 20—25
section,
transverse
All the other features
Discussion.
of
measurements
in this
small
a
maior
Cystauletes
—
species
only
in diameter
cm
species.
other
the diameter of the
to
under number
about 3
specimens
The
stem.
cysts
Discussion.
Branched
—
ap-
those
to
with the excep-
above,
which
some
cells of the
identical
are
1, plate III, fig. 3, plate IV,
which vary in diameter from
present in
sections it
and
peels
described
In
Amblysiphonella.
could
the
structures
nov.
sp.
3.
V, fig.
length
study.
preserved
features
however,
because
unsatisfactory
in
of
peels
Treatment
nevertheless
enough
microscopic
specimens,
formation.
of
30
in
fragments, ranging
well
Graaff,
are
diameter. The
more
available for this
were
measurements
addition about
to
100
were
Plate
6,
perpendicular
which
than those of the external walls.
Material.
I, fig. 1, plate II, fig.
1,
of the
1/3
least from 0,5
at
1
mm
be
to
seem
to
1/8
inner diameter of the
spherical,
of the
pores
fig.
section
between
are
pores
the
number of
section
de
van
2.
1,
that increase
stems
The
top.
seems
The
cm.
Plate
Diagnosis.
transverse
a
the base
at
the osculum
diameter of
to
the
Leiden,
Loon,
1943
King,
8, plate V, fig.
branched
Slender,
—
diameter towards
van
Member.
Amblysiphonella.
fig. 8, plate III, fig. 2, 5,
I, fig. 3, 4, 7, plate II,
Abismo Limestone
Mr. A.
to
Limestone
Cystauletes
mammilosus
Cystauletes
in the
locality,
Member, and, according
in
mammilosus has been found
Cystauletes
—
Sierra Corisa
whereas
to
be
quite
we
see
only
6.
similar.
scanty material the diagnosis
incomplete
in table 2a do
not
and
the
show the full
measure-
variability
range.
Occurrence.
at
the
—
Cystauletes
Sierra Corisa
maior has
only
been found
locality.
A.
Derivatio
nominis.
—
maior
—
the
bigger
one.
W.
244
TABLE
length
no
29
0
201
2a
CYSTAULETES
stem
oscul.
0
9-16
1,5-6
5-13
0,15-0,3
0,15-0,3
2
-5
0,5-1
0,1
0,15
-
8
2
-6
0,5-1,5
0,1
-0,3
10-12
3
-4
0,5-1
12-21
4
±
48
1,5-3
17
43
Í9
3
9-11
66
41
14-16
5
-6
19
39
16-21
5
-6
8-10
35
34
16-19
3
-7
8-13
12-17
2
-5
1
-2
33
0,5-1
0,05-0,2
0,15-0,2
27
27
17
38
24
10
20
9-18
5-10
i
10
10
—
-5
2
-4
2
-2,5
0,5
«
-
0,5-1
0,15 -0,3
0,5-1
0,1
-1,5
1
0,5-1
1
1
0,3
-
0,1
-0,3
0,15-0,2
-0,5
0,15
0,05-0,55
0,15-0,5
0,15-0,3
0,15-0,3
0,15-0,3
0,15-0,4
0,15
1,5
0,5-1
3,5
2,5-5
0,15
-2
1
-4
1
2-3
6
î
4
1
3
13
-8,5
2
-4
3
i8
2
3
2
1-2,5
11
5
45
64
King
-5
-3
4
-5
-0,3
0,15-0,3
13
-7
0,1
0,5-1
2
6
0.15-0,4
0,15-0,3
2
15-18
0,15
0,15-0,4
11
43
0,15 -0,3
0,5-1
0,2
0,15 -0,3
±8
3-6
0,15
0,4
0.5-1,5
9-13
-5
3
-0,2
-
4
-7
48
23
-4
5
15-17
41
3-6
16-17
44
11
2
5
16
62
3-4
10
7-
3
4
0,3
0,15-0,7
62
39
1,5-3
-
0,15-0,3
19-23
9-13
0,15
0,5-1
70
52
0,15-0,3
0,5-1
±9
42
0,5-1
-5
14-15
5
-8
1,5-4
-7
9
6
oscul.
5
22
17-22
0
3
86
13-16
wall
0,15-0,3
140
60
0
0,15
33
57
d. wall
0,08-0,15
32
15
cysts
0,15-0,55
5-13
47
d.
cysts
0,5-1
5-10
2
-5
de Graaff
0,5-1,5
1,5-4,5
7-28
2
van
-4
9-15
65
h.
cysts
29a
10
E.
MAMMILOSUS KING, 1943
nmb.
-8
J.
0,15-0,3
-0,3
0,1
-0,15
0,15-0,2
0,1
-0,2
0,1
0,5
0,3
0,3
?
0,15-0,4
1943
2' '
TABLE
2
200
35-45
3
101
27-40
CY5TAULET ES
5
?
?
-15
3
\ 'AM
DE
GRAAF
F,
SR MOV.
?
4-13
1-1,5
6-13
1-1,5
0,15 -0,3
0,15-0,7
1-2
0,15
0,15-0,7
4
65
38
8
-11
6
9-12
1
41
31
5
-10
4
8-12
no:
collection number
length:
total
length
of
specimen
ø
stem : external diameter of stem
ø
oscul.: internal diameter of osculum
nmb
cysts:
number of
of
cut
cysts
cysts
cut
h.cysts:
height
d.cysts:
inner diameter of
by
by
an
cysts
a
transverse section
axial section
measured from wall of osculum to external
d.wall: thickness of walls
ø
MAIOR
wall:
diameter of pores in external
ø oscul.:
diameter of
pores
in
wall
osculum
wall
1
-
0,3
0,15 -0,4
0,15-0,4
245
Carboniferous Sphinctozoa
REFERENCES
Barrois,
1882.
C,
Asturies
Recherches
de la
et
les
sur
Mém.
Galice.
Soc.
terrains
anciens
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Géol.
des
630 p.
C.
Parona,
Palazzo
Geol.
R.
Finks,
1960.
M.,
Texas
region:
Hist,
120,
The
160
Late
Paleozoic
siliceous
faunas
sponge
sponges.
Bull.
Am.
of
Mus.
C.
Nat.
1965.
Mountains
Carboniferous
fusulinids
Geol.
Leidse
(Spain).
from
Med., 34,
Girty,
H.,
Prof.
Surv.,
Guadalupian
651
58,
Pap.
Fauna.
U.S.
p.
1908b.
fossils.
On
Proc.
some
U.S.
new
Nat.
old
Mus., 34,
of
species
Univ.
Rep.
Carboniferous
from
and
Japan
L.
U.
the
(N.
Paleozoic
Falencia,
calcareous
in
algae
Leidse
Spain).
—
Geol.
the
Med.,
1961.
Die
Akad.
eine
Sphinctozoa,
Wiss.
Lit.,
Abh.
fossiler
Gruppe
Math.
Naturw.
Kl.,
1962.
de,
Cantabrian
The
of
structure
Mountains.
Leidse
the
southern
Geol.
slope
Med., 26,
p.
255—264.
L.
China.
map
1—10.
p.
Soc.
281—303.
p.
Amblysiphonella
Sendai, 5,
Mem.
723—790.
p.
Sitter,
p.
and
di
permiana
Sicilia.
Geol.
Sitter,
1918.
Hayasaka, I.,
Sci.
Late
basin
A.,
Seilacher,
of
—,
fauna
in
Sosio)
239—259.
p.
10,
The
del
1—58.
p.
Kalkschwamme.
1908a.
délia
spugne
the
77—149.
G.
1,
1966.
L.,
Rácz,
Pisuerga
p.
van,
Cantabrian
Ital.,
Le
(Bacino
the
31,
A.
Ginkel,
1931.
F.,
Adriano
U.
of
50.000,
&
de
the
sheet
1966.
Boschma, D.,
Paleozoic
of
the
Leidse
1, Pisuerga.
Explanation geological
Cantabrian
Geol.
Mountains
Med., 31,
:
1
191—
p.
238.
M.
Hayes,
studies
Econ.
Herak,
1967.
O.,
of
Hurricanes
hurricanes
Univ.
Geol.,
M.,
1944.
1961,
Texas, Rep.
Zur
Neues
(Sycones).
Carla
Jb.
and
Abh.
1963.
Cindy
triadischer
Geol.,
Case
agents:
Investigations
Kenntnis
Min.
geological
as
Bur.
61.
no.
p.
107—135.
Yabe,
H.
&
R.
H.,
Texas.
—,
New
Surv.
Laubenfels,
Paleont.,
Kansas
Ott,
aus
Pennsylvanian Sponges
Journ. Palaeont.,
1943.
Geol.
1938.
E.,
der
bildner
naturw.
12,
and
Kansas, Bull., 47,
M.
W.
Part
E,
de,
p.
1955.
p.
Sponges.
State
R.
C.
in
Moore
Kalkschwâmme
Segmentierte
alpinen
Mitteltrias
und
N.F., 131,
p.
96,
C.,
Zhuravleva,
Treatise
T.,
sp.
Mimikiri,
p.
(éd.),
Univ.
Trudy
1935.
On
sponge.
ihre
München
Akad.
(Sphinctozoa)
als
Wiss.,
(added
T.,
Paleont.
B.,
1965.
schwâmme).
Bedeutung
Bayer.
I.
in
RiffMath,
proof).
Jb.
Min.
1934.
nov.
Amblysiphonella
from
Sikoku,
the
Upper
and
Paleozoic
Japan. Japan. Jour.
Geol.
175—180.
Amblysiphonella
Bull.
1965.
Invert.
Ziegler,
im Wettersteinkalk. Abh.
KL,
C.
remarkable
Press.
1967.
Yii,
and
Neues
139—191.
p.
Geol.
Soc.
1—36.
Porifera
21—112,
of
Geogr., 11,
Permian
gen.
North-Central
498—504.
p.
Carboniferous
of
Pharetronen-Studien.
Sugiyama,
Rhabdactinia
Limestone
King,
1882.
G.,
Palaeont., 1882/2,
Geol.
Kalkschwàmme
B, 88,
Steinmann,
Inst.,
Die
Palâont.
asiatica
China,
spec,
14,
p.
Amblysiphonella sarytchevae
108,
p.
147—149
Variabilitât
bei
Zeitschr., 39,
p.
nov.,
a
57—59.
sp.
nov.,
(in Russian).
Pharetronen
106 —110.
(Kalk-
PLATES
The
figured
collections
and
specimens
the
and
Unless
those
Rijksmuseum
represented
van
under
Mineralogy), Leiden,
numbers
The
of
Geologie
the
on
en
numbers
the
tables
Mineralogie
RGM-St.
have
been
(National
143284
to
in
deposited
Museum
RGM-St.
of
the
Geology
143344
(both
included).
stated
otherwise
photographs
graphs points
have
towards
the
figured specimens
been
the
made
upper
by
part
Mr.
of
have
W.
the
C.
been
found
Laurijssen.
stem.
at the
The
locality
small
indicated
triangle
on
on
the
fig.
1.
photo-
PLATE
1.
Fig.
Axial
Fig.
I
maior
Cystauletes
section;
2.
Sollasia
ostiolata
Longitudinal section;
Fig.
3.
Axial
RGM-St.
Fig.
4.
Fig.
Axial
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
note
King,
143316;
1,1
x
no:RGM-St.
143285;
x
10
1943
that
the
oscula
are
directly interconnected;
not
no:
1943
of
part
a
stem;
fragment
of
the
shown
specimen
Steinman,
the
the
section;
as
possibly
are
directly
interconnected;
1943
plate
IV, fig. 7;
of
a
stem;
Steinmann,
vesiculae;
barroisi
RGM-St.
no:
x
RGM-St.
143321;
RGM-St.
143292;
x
1882
no:
Steinmann,
143298;
no:
x
1882
Steinmann,
part
barroisi
1882
1
x
King,
in
barroisi
abundant
no:
plate
III,
1882
oscula
Steinmann,
143286;
mammilosus
specimen
in
5,4
barroisi
Amblysiphonella
axial
RGM-St.
plate IV, fig. 4; Tremaya;
note
specimen,
RGM-St.
Amblysiphonella
10.
Nearly
x
of the uppermost
section;
no:
2,7
x
same
in
King,
barroisi
branched
Amblysiphonella
section
9.
Axial
no:
lower
143328;
Cystauletes
section;
8.
Axial
143294;
section;
7.
Fig.
of
1;
1882
as
specimen;
the
Amblysiphonella
6.
Axial
RGM-St.
section
RGM-St.
Fig.
of
Amblysiphonella
5.
Axial
specimen
mammilosus
Cystauletes
no:
paratype
plate II, fig.
2,6
x
section
in
Steinmann,
same
branched
143342;
Transverse
fig. 2;
of
nov.,
as
mammilosus
Cystauletes
section
spec,
specimen
same
RGM-St.
1882
1,2
143293;
x
2,4
1,6
1
no:
3
2
1
5
4
6
7
8
9
10
PLATE
II
1.
Fig.
maior
Cystauletes
Longitudinal section;
143316;
2.
Fig.
Fig.
Amblysiphonella
section
wall;
3.
Fig.
4.
Nearly
Fig.
No:
5.
Axial
Fig.
section
143311;
6.
143296;
Sollasia
8.
of
Sollasia
Enlargement
Fig.
x
I, fig.
plate
1; negative print
of
peel;
no:
RGM-St
of
of
barroisi
branched
ostiolata
x
ostiolata
the
same
ostiolata
note
the
spicule-like
structure
in
the
1882
chambers;
two
note
the
honeycomb pattern;
no:
Steinmann,
specimen;
1882
the
oscula
are
not
directly
interconnected;
no:
of thin
1882
4,5
Steinmann,
specimen;
in
fig.
mammilosus
the
section;
1882
no:
Steinmann,
section, showing
positive print
between
Steinmann,
rectangle
Cystauletes
Transverse
Steinmann,
contact
chambers;
31
x
1,8
x
the
1882
two
25
143284;
Sollasia
section
7.
barroisi
the
at
section
RGM-St.
Fig.
in
between
143295;
Amblysiphonella
RGM-St.
as
Steinman,
contact
RGM-St.
no:
axial
barroisi
at the
Amblysiphonella
Transverse
RGM-St.
paratype
nov.,
specimen
1,5
x
Transverse
outer
sp.
same
6
RGM-St.
x
5
1882
(see
King,
page
240);
no:
RGM-St.
143284;
x
48
1943
honeycomb
no:
143284;
RGM-St.
structure
143344;
x
of
4
the walls
surrounding
the
larger
pores,
2
3
1
6
5
4
7
8
PLATE
III
Fig.
1.
The
specimen
RGM-St.
Fig.
Note
Fig.
2.
3.
Fig.
4.
5.
Partly
x
the
left
Steinmann,
consists
of
143287, 06—68—0005,
branching
Cystauletes
transverse
mammilosus
of
these
maior
etched
HCl,
Cystauletes
silicified
RGM-St.
sp.
nov.,
barroisi
the
pore
mammilosus
specimen
etched
143289;
(see
x
page
from
241);
left
of
one
large specimen;
no.
RGM-St.
143328;
6.
Amblysiphonella
barroisi
Large tuft, showing clearly
right
no:
x
0,47
paratype
of
peel;
Steinmann,
infillings
King,
with
are
no:
RGM-St.
143314;
x
1,3
1882
preserved;
no:
RGM-St.
143297;
HCl
to
Steinmann,
the internal
x
2,5
1943
show
the
outer
surface;
no:
RGM-St.
2,6
Fig.
to
0,55
1943
King,
fragments
1882
individuals
two
section; negative print
Amblysiphonella
Specimen
Fig.
at
Cystauletes
the
Nearly
barroisi
Amblysiphonella
1882
structures;
no:
RGM-St.
143288;
x
0,7
143326;
1
2
3
4
5
6
PLATE
1.
Fig.
Cystauletes
Slightly
2.
Fig.
IV
crushed
maior
3.
Axial
Fig.
4.
RGM-St.
Fig.
5.
Fig.
section;
7.
1,2
x
2,5
1882
same
specimen
King,
RGM-St.
maior
section;
sp.
no:
as
shown
in
plate
I,
fig.
2;
Tremaya;
no:
of
the
1943
143319;
nov.,
King,
143318;
x
1,4
1943
specimen
same
2,5
x
holotype
RGM-St.
mammilosus
section
x
0,5
1943
King,
Steinmann,
section;
mammilosus
Cystauletes
143319;
143324;
x
4,5
no:
Cystauletes
transverse
Longitudinal
x
x
Cystauletes
6.
Nearly
axial
143285;
Transverse
Fig.
ostiolata
to
143315;
1943
King,
RGM-St.
RGM-St.
no:
Sollasia
Longitudinal
no:
paratype
RGM-St.
mammilosus
Cystauletes
section;
nov.,
no:
mammilosus
Cystauletes
Longitudinal section;
Fig.
sp.
specimen;
shown
as
in
plate
I,
fig. 7;
no:
RGM-St.
143321;
0,95
Fig.
8.
Fig.
9.
Oblique
print
of
Fig.
10.
Nearly
mammilosus
Cystauletes
Transverse
section;
no:
barroisi
Amblysiphonella
section
thin
showing
section;
the
no:
secondary
part
section
of the wall
wall
barroisi
x
Steinman,
structure;
143312;
2,2
1882
partly
x
Steinmann,
showing
(see
1943
143320;
RGM-St.
Amblysiphonella
transverse
King,
RGM-St.
page
that
241
);
the
no:
encrusted
by
cyclostomate
bryozoa;
positive
5
1882
vesiculae
RGM-St.
can
have
143313;
x
their
5,5
base
on
a
seemingly
2
3
4
1
6
7
5
8
9
10
PLATE
Fig.
1
V
2.
&
Cystauletes
of
Stereoscopic pair
etched
Fig.
with
HCL;
section
In the upper
RGM-St.
Fig.
4.
Large
no:
part
RGM-St.
maior
Cystauletes
3.
Tangential
of
one
of the
143317;
mammilosus
x
143290;
x
showing
0,7
sp.
143343;
nov.,
cyst
1943
the
x
pore
infillings
of
the
outer
wall
of
a
specimen
8
paratype
showing
photograph
the
honeycomb
the ‘stromatolitic’
pattern
layer
is
surrounding
the
larger
visible; positive print
of
pores.
peel;
no:
6,6
Amblysiphonella
tuft
King,
photographs, showing
the
barroisi
internal
Steinman,
1882
structures
and
the
branching
of
the
stems;
no:
RGM-St.
1
2
4
3