Name:_____________________________ Date:_________________________ Pd:____
Quarter 1 Midterm Study Guide
Make sure that you are familiar with the following topics. You do not need to write notes
for anything that is in bold:
I.
II.
III.
Safety rules
 Make sure that you are familiar with the safety rules.

Characteristics of Life
What is biology?

What is homeostasis?

What are the 9 characteristics of life?

What are the 6 levels of organization (atom to organ system)?

Scientific method
7 main steps of the scientific method:
Step of the
Scientific Method
Observations
Problem
Hypothesis
Experiment
Collect Data
Conclusion
Retest
Definition
IV.

Independent variable vs. Dependent variable

Experimental group vs. Control group

Be able to identify the problem, independent variable, dependent variable,
control group, control variables, etc.

Be able to interpret graphs and lab data
Lab Equipment
Name of Lab
Equipment
Beaker
Flask
Test tube
Plastic pipette
Electronic balance
Graduated cylinder
Petri dish
Mortar and Pestle
Stirring Rod
Function
Picture
V.
Scientific Measurement
Type of Measurement
Length
Definition
Base Unit
Mass
Volume
Unit Prefix
Kilo- (k)
Meaning
Hecto- (h)
Deka- (da)
Base Unit
Deci- (d)
Centi- (c)
Milli- (m)

Be able to convert between units (kilo- to milli)- see examples below:
8.3 L = __________ mL

62500 mm = _________ km
Be able to write numbers into scientific notation- see examples below:
71000 mm =
.0483 km =
VI.

Microscope
What is the proper way to carry a microscope?

What power do you use when initially locating an object under the microscope?

How do you calculate total magnification?
Part of Microscope
Eyepiece (ocular lens)
Function
Objective lens
Stage
Fine adjustment knob
Coarse adjustment knob
Diaphragm
VII.

Atoms and Bonding
What is an element?

What are the 4 main elements that make up living organisms?

What are protons, neutrons, & electrons? Where are they located within the atom?
15
- What is the atomic number of phosphourous (P)?
P
30.97
- What
is the atomic mass?
- What is the number of protons?
- What is the number of neutrons?

- What is the number of electrons?
Draw the Bohr model for the element Argon.
Is Argon stable? Why or why not?
18
Ar
39.948

What is an isotope?

What is an ion?

Covalent vs. ionic bond
VIII. Properties of Water
Property of Water
Polar
Definition
Density (solid vs. liquid water)
Cohesion
Surface tension
Adhesion
Capillary Action
IX.

Is water organic or inorganic? Why?

Solute vs. solvent
pH- Acids, Neutral, and Bases
Numbers on pH scale
Acid
Neutral
Base
 What are buffers?
Hydrogen vs. hydroxide
concentration [H+] vs.[OH-]
X.

Macromolecule
Macromolecules
Organic vs. inorganic molecules
Function
Elements
Monomers
(Subunits)
Examples
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids organic or inorganic?

Enzymes- What are their function? What type of macromolecule?
o How does temperature affect the reaction rate of an enzyme?
o What does optimal temperature mean?

XI.
Be able to : Locate the enzyme, substrate, and active site in a diagram
Vitamins and Minerals

Which is organic? Which is inorganic?

Function of vitamins C, D, K
Does it
dissolve in
water?
Quarter 2 Midterm Study Guide
Make sure that you are familiar with the following topics:
I.
Cells
 What is a cell?

Skin cells differ from blood cells in their shape, size, etc. this is because cells are
specialized. What does specialization mean?

List differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes:

Give examples of prokaryotes and eukaryotes:

What is an organelle?

For each organelle:
Name
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Cilia and Flagella
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Centriole
Cell wall
Function
II.

What 3 organelles are found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?

Which organelle would be most visible under a microscope?

Protist are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, of fungi. How do they move?

What are pseupodia?

Body Systems (Organ System)
What is a body system (organ system)?

For each organ system:
Organ System
Digestive
Function
Skeletal
Cardiovascular (circulatory)
Respiratory
Excretory
Endocrine
Nervous
III.

Cell Transport
What is the difference between passive and active transport?
o Examples of passive transport:
Type of passive transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition

Draw the graph that shows the relationship between temperature and rate of
diffusion:
o Examples of active transport:
Type of Active Tranpsort
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Definition
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
 Hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions:
Type of Solution
Definition
Picture & description of what happens to the
size of a cell
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic
IV.

Photosynthesis
Autotroph vs. heterotroph

Purpose

Reactants and Products

Chemical equation
V.
VI.

Location (which organelle)

Can plants and/or animals undergo this process?

Draw the of the graphs for: Light intensity, CO2, and temperature affect on the
rate of photosynthesis

What are stomata?

Vascular tissue: Xylem vs. Phloem

Chemosynthesis
What is chemosynthesis?

Cellular respiration
Purpose

Reactants and products

Chemical equation

Location (which organelle)

Can plants and/or animals undergo this process?
 Cellular respiration(Aerobic respiration) vs.Fermentation (Anaerobic respiration):
Type of Respiration
Definition/ When does it occur?
Total ATP produced
Cellular Respiration
(Aerobic Respiration)
Fermentation
(Anaerobic Respiration )


VII.

There are 2 types of fermentation:
-
Example (s) of lactic acid fermentation:
-
Examples (s) of alcoholic fermentation:
How are the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
DNA and DNA replication
What are the monomers (subunits) of DNA?

What are the 3 part that make up the monomer?

What are the base pairing rules (Chargaff’s rules)?

Given the DNA strand- TCACGGTAC. What is the sequence of the
complementary DNA strand?

What role do the helicase and DNA polymerase play in DNA replication?

What are the products of DNA replication?