Marine and Safety (Maritime Incidents) Regulations 2007
Investigation into capsize of
“Perseverance 2”
at
Hideaway Bay, Tasmania
on
Monday 1st December 2014
1
FOREWARD
Investigations into maritime incidents occurring within the jurisdiction of Marine
and Safety Tasmania (MAST) are conducted in accordance with Part 3 of the
Marine and Safety (Maritime Incidents) Regulations 2007.
Investigation reports are endorsed by the Board of MAST prior to publication. It
is MAST policy to publish investigation reports to increase awareness of maritime
incidents and improve safety at sea.
Copies of this report can be obtained from:
Marine and Safety Tasmania
5 Franklin Wharf
Hobart 7000
www.mast.tas.gov.au (Resources, Incident investigation reports)
2
CONTENTS
1.Executive Summary
2.Sources of Information
3.The vessel (survey & manning)
4.Sequence of Events
5.Comments
6.Principal conclusions
7.Recommendations
Appendix A – photographs of damaged hull plating
Appendix B – photographs of Perseverance 2
on 01/12/14
Appendix C – stability calculations
3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
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Page 13
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Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
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1.Executive Summary
Background
The Perseverance 2 is a 24m landing barge.
On Friday 28th November, 2014 the vessel was loaded with anchors and mooring
equipment for installation on a farm site in the following week.
On Monday 1st December the vessel was found in a partially flooded state with the
deck at the bow immersed.
An attempt to tow the vessel to shore resulted in the movement of the deck cargo
and the capsize of the Perseverance 2.
Investigation
After righting the vessel and pumping out flooded compartments the vessel was
towed to the Domain Slip and taken out of the water.
An inspection on Monday 8th December revealed damage to the hull leading to a loss
of watertight integrity to some compartments.
Information from the Company indicated that the forward void compartment was
leaking and required pumping out at regular intervals.
A video and still photographs provided by the Company showed the condition of the
vessel on 01/12/04 and the subsequent capsize.
Stability calculations showed that the partially flooded vessel had reduced stability
which contributed to the capsize.
Conclusions
The damaged and leaking compartments led to the partial flooding of the vessel.
An attempt to tow the vessel in the partially flooded state led to movement of the
deck cargo and subsequent capsize.
Recommendations
A maintenance program be instituted to monitor and rectify any leaking or damaged
compartments.
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Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
2.Sources of Information
Incident report from the Company
Record of Interview : emails from the Company
: video and photographs provided by the Company
MAST database
5
: vessel particulars
: stability book
: bilge system & compartment layout
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Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
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3.The vessel (survey and manning)
Perseverance 2
Steel monohull landing barge
Class
Length
Beam
3E
23.99m
6.37m
Manning
Skipper Grade 3 (Master <24m restricted to sheltered water)
Marine Engine Driver Grade 3 (Marine Engine Driver Grade 3 NC)
The Master may hold the Marine Engine Driver certificate in which case 1 GP is
required
For voyages exceeding 12 hours one crew member other than the master to hold a
coxswain or higher certificate and will be the designated relief watch keeper
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4.Sequence of Events
The Perseverance 2 was loaded with 19,915 kg of steel anchors, mooring chain,
ropes, hardware and mooring buoys on Friday 28th November 2014, and moored to a
buoy in Hideaway Bay. The cargo was loaded on deck and was not secured.
Over the following weekend the forward compartment was found to be taking water
and was pumped out on at least one occasion.
On the morning of Monday 1st December the vessel was found to be trimmed heavily
by the bow with the forward deck awash, and heeled to starboard. An attempt was
made to board the vessel to operate the bilge pumps but was abandoned due to the
perceived risk.
The vessel was taken in tow by the Tonka which attempted to tow the Perseverance
2 into shallow water.
As the tow proceeded the heel angle increased causing the deck cargo to slide to
starboard. This unbalanced loading caused the vessel to capsize.
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Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
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5.Comments
The vessel was refloated and towed to the Domain Slip where it was inspected.
Several problems were found;
1. The forepeak had at least 3 holes in the hull plating and one in the deck
2. The port and starboard void spaces were not connected to the bilge pumping
system, and were drained by manually opening valves in the engine room. The
starboard void valve was opened and the compartment found to be full of water. The
port void valve could not be opened.
3. The unloaded waterline, indicated by weed growth, was above the load line
marking on both port and starboard sides. A calculation of the displacement at this
waterline indicated that the displacement was some 13 tonnes heavier than the figure
given in the stability book for a similar condition.
A computer stability model was created for the vessel and 3 loading conditions
analysed;
Condition 1 – unloaded condition as indicated by the weed growth. In this condition
the port & starboard voids were considered full, and the forward void loaded with 8
tonnes of bilge water. This condition approximated and the unloaded condition
observed and was taken as the basis for the subsequent loading conditions.
Condition 2 – Condition 1 with the addition of the deck cargo, and with the forepeak
assumed to be damaged (in this case the computer model would reduce the
buoyancy of this compartment if it became immersed).
Condition 3 – Condition 2 with the deck cargo moved 0.9 meters to starboard.
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Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
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6.Principal Conclusion
1.The vessel had damage to the forepeak plating resulting in loss of watertight
integrity of that compartment.
2.The port and starboard wing void compartments were leaking and were not
drained on a regular basis.
3.The forward void was known to be leaking and was required to be pumped
out regularly.
4.Deck cargo was not secured.
5.The leaking compartments when left unattended reduced the stability of the
vessel and increased its displacement to the point where the damaged
forepeak plating was immersed.
6.Towing the vessel in a condition of reduced stability caused an increase in
heel angle sufficient to allow the deck cargo to slide to the starboard side
resulting in capsize.
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Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
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7.Recommendations
1.Persistent unexplained leaking into compartments necessitating regular pumping
should be investigated and repaired as part of ongoing maintenance procedures.
2.Damage to hull plating should be repaired as soon as it is apparent.
3.All void spaces should be checked for watertight integrity on a regular basis.
4.All cargo should be secured to prevent movement, irrespective of sea conditions
and operational area.
(Name of Investigator)
Date
10
/
/
Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
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Appendix A – photographs of damaged hull plating
Plating at port bow
Deck plating
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Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
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Starboard bow
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Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
Appendix B – photographs of Perseverance 2 on December 1st, 2014
Condition on morning of December 1st
Perseverance 2 being taken in tow by Tonka
Note the freeboard at the bow and the angle of heel
13
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Investigation into capsize of Perseverance 2 Version 1
Under tow, the freeboard at
the bow has reduced and the angle of heel increased
Condition after shifting of deck cargo
14
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Appendix C – stability calculations
Condition 1 – initial condition before loading deck cargo
DEADWEIGHT TABLE
Vessel....: Perseverance 2
Condition.: Departure with wing tanks full
State.....: Forepeak flooded
Water SG..: 1.025
Longitudinal dimensions about Transom (-ve aft, +ve forward)
Vertical dimensions about USK (+ve above, -ve below)
Transverse dimensions about centreline (+ve Port, -ve Stbd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Deadweight Item
| Weight | LCG | Longitudinal | TCG | Transverse | VCG | Vertical |Free Surface|
|
| tonnes | metres | moment t.m | metres | moment t.m | metres | moment t.m | moment t.m |
|---------------------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------+------------+--------+------------+------------|
1| Ballast compt port
|
5.930 | 9.100 |
53.963 | 1.245 |
7.383 | 0.656 |
3.890 |
5.120 |
2| FW
|
0.194 | 1.600 |
0.310 | 2.270 |
0.440 | 3.785 |
0.734 |
0.020 |
3| HO
|
0.600 | 4.150 |
2.490 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 3.987 |
2.392 |
0.110 |
4| FO port
|
0.700 | 7.200 |
5.040 | 0.700 |
0.490 | 0.486 |
0.340 |
0.140 |
5| FO starboard
|
0.700 | 7.200 |
5.040 | -0.700 |
-0.490 | 0.486 |
0.340 |
0.140 |
6| No crew
|
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
7| Stores & provisions
|
0.250 | 3.750 |
0.938 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 2.250 |
0.563 |
|
8| Deck cargo
|
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
9| Crane
|
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10| Wing tank port
|
4.577 | 13.851 |
63.396 | 2.734 |
12.514 | 1.129 |
5.167 |
0.000 |
11| Wing tank starboard
|
4.577 | 13.851 |
63.396 | -2.734 |
-12.514 | 1.129 |
5.167 |
0.000 |
12| Void 1
|
8.000 | 19.635 |
157.080 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.350 |
2.800 |
38.325 |
|---------------------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------+------------+--------+------------+------------|
| DEADWEIGHT TOTAL
|
25.528 | 13.775 |
351.653 | 0.306 |
7.823 | 0.838 |
21.394 |
43.855 |
| LIGHTSHIP
|
79.871 | 10.500 |
838.646 | -0.014 |
-1.118 | 1.536 |
122.682 |
|
| DISPLACEMENT
|
105.399 | 11.293 |
1190.298 | 0.064 |
6.705 | 1.367 |
144.076 |
43.855 |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+------------------------|
Free Surface Correction (Total Free Surface Moment/Displacement) | 0.416 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------| VCG fluid | 1.783 |
--------------------SAILING STATE
----------------------------------DRAFT SUMMARY (DIMENSIONS IN METRES)
| Mean Max. | Port
| Stbd
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|
| Draft forward (about USK at FP)......................................................|
|
0.891 |
0.735 |
| Draft midships (about USK)...........................................................|
|
1.167 |
0.988 |
| Draft aft (about USK at AP)..........................................................|
|
1.432 |
1.252 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|
FREEBOARD SUMMARY (DIMENSIONS IN METRES)
| Mean Min. | Port
| Stbd
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|
| Freeboard forward....................................................................|
|
0.568 |
0.724 |
| Freeboard midships...................................................................|
|
0.292 |
0.471 |
| Freeboard aft........................................................................|
|
0.027 |
0.207 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------STABILITY SUMMARY
| Minimum | Actual |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------|
| Maximum GZ (metres)..............................................................................|
|
0.276 |
| Angle of heel at which maximum GZ occurs (degrees)...............................................|
| 13.763 |
| Positive GZ heel range (degrees).................................................................|
| 33.479 |
| GM solid (metres) (at angle of equilibrium)......................................................|
|
2.652 |
| Free Surface correction (metres).................................................................|
|
0.416 |
| GM fluid (metres) (at angle of equilibrium)......................................................|
|
2.236 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------|
STABILITY SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
| Maximum | Actual |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------|
| Angle of equilibrium (degrees)...................................................................|
|
1.624 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Condition 2 – loaded with deck cargo and bilge water in void 1
DEADWEIGHT TABLE
Vessel....: Perseverance 2
Condition.: Departure with wing tanks full & deck cargo
State.....: Forepeak flooded
Water SG..: 1.025
Longitudinal dimensions about Transom (-ve aft, +ve forward)
Vertical dimensions about USK (+ve above, -ve below)
Transverse dimensions about centreline (+ve Port, -ve Stbd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Deadweight Item
| Weight | LCG | Longitudinal | TCG | Transverse | VCG | Vertical |Free Surface|
|
| tonnes | metres | moment t.m | metres | moment t.m | metres | moment t.m | moment t.m |
|---------------------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------+------------+--------+------------+------------|
1| Ballast compt port
|
5.930 | 9.100 |
53.963 | 1.245 |
7.383 | 0.656 |
3.890 |
5.120 |
2| FW
|
0.194 | 1.600 |
0.310 | 2.270 |
0.440 | 3.785 |
0.734 |
0.020 |
3| HO
|
0.600 | 4.150 |
2.490 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 3.987 |
2.392 |
0.110 |
4| FO port
|
0.700 | 7.200 |
5.040 | 0.700 |
0.490 | 0.486 |
0.340 |
0.140 |
5| FO starboard
|
0.700 | 7.200 |
5.040 | -0.700 |
-0.490 | 0.486 |
0.340 |
0.140 |
6| No crew
|
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
7| Stores & provisions
|
0.250 | 3.750 |
0.938 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 2.250 |
0.563 |
|
8| Anchor & fittings 1
|
3.925 | 7.200 |
28.260 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
9| Anchor & fittings 2
|
3.925 | 11.200 |
43.960 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
10| Anchor & fittings 3
|
3.925 | 15.200 |
59.660 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
11| Anchor & fittings 4
|
3.925 | 19.200 |
75.360 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
12| Anchor & fittings 5
|
3.925 | 23.200 |
91.060 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
13| Crane
|
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14| Wing tank port
|
4.577 | 13.851 |
63.396 | 2.734 |
12.514 | 1.129 |
5.167 |
0.000 |
15| Wing tank starboard
|
4.577 | 13.851 |
63.396 | -2.734 |
-12.514 | 1.129 |
5.167 |
0.000 |
16| Void 1
|
8.000 | 19.635 |
157.080 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.350 |
2.800 |
38.325 |
|---------------------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------+------------+--------+------------+------------|
| DEADWEIGHT TOTAL
|
45.153 | 14.394 |
649.953 | 0.173 |
7.823 | 1.425 |
64.353 |
43.855 |
| LIGHTSHIP
|
79.871 | 10.500 |
838.646 | -0.014 |
-1.118 | 1.536 |
122.682 |
|
| DISPLACEMENT
|
125.024 | 11.906 |
1488.598 | 0.054 |
6.705 | 1.496 |
187.035 |
43.855 |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+------------------------|
Free Surface Correction (Total Free Surface Moment/Displacement) | 0.351 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------| VCG fluid | 1.847 |
--------------------SAILING STATE
----------------------------------DRAFT SUMMARY (DIMENSIONS IN METRES)
| Mean Max. | Port
| Stbd
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|
| Draft forward (about USK at FP)......................................................|
|
1.694 |
1.549 |
| Draft midships (about USK)...........................................................|
|
1.329 |
1.161 |
| Draft aft (about USK at AP)..........................................................|
|
0.952 |
0.785 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|
FREEBOARD SUMMARY (DIMENSIONS IN METRES)
| Mean Min. | Port
| Stbd
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|
| Freeboard forward....................................................................|
| -0.235 | -0.090 |
| Freeboard midships...................................................................|
|
0.130 |
0.297 |
| Freeboard aft........................................................................|
|
0.507 |
0.674 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------STABILITY SUMMARY
| Minimum | Actual |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------|
| Maximum GZ (metres)..............................................................................|
|
0.150 |
| Angle of heel at which maximum GZ occurs (degrees)...............................................|
|
9.892 |
| Positive GZ heel range (degrees).................................................................|
| 19.555 |
| GM solid (metres) (at angle of equilibrium)......................................................|
|
2.352 |
| Free Surface correction (metres).................................................................|
|
0.351 |
| GM fluid (metres) (at angle of equilibrium)......................................................|
|
2.001 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------|
STABILITY SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
| Maximum | Actual |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------|
| Angle of equilibrium (degrees)...................................................................|
|
1.513 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Condition 3 – condition after shift of deck cargo
DEADWEIGHT TABLE
Vessel....: Perseverance 2
Condition.: Departure with wing tanks full & deck cargo to side
State.....: Forepeak flooded
Water SG..: 1.025
Longitudinal dimensions about Transom (-ve aft, +ve forward)
Vertical dimensions about USK (+ve above, -ve below)
Transverse dimensions about centreline (+ve Port, -ve Stbd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| Deadweight Item
| Weight | LCG | Longitudinal | TCG | Transverse | VCG | Vertical |Free Surface|
|
| tonnes | metres | moment t.m | metres | moment t.m | metres | moment t.m | moment t.m |
|---------------------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------+------------+--------+------------+------------|
1| Ballast compt port
|
5.930 | 9.100 |
53.963 | 1.245 |
7.383 | 0.656 |
3.890 |
5.120 |
2| FW
|
0.194 | 1.600 |
0.310 | 2.270 |
0.440 | 3.785 |
0.734 |
0.020 |
3| HO
|
0.600 | 4.150 |
2.490 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 3.987 |
2.392 |
0.110 |
4| FO port
|
0.700 | 7.200 |
5.040 | 0.700 |
0.490 | 0.486 |
0.340 |
0.140 |
5| FO starboard
|
0.700 | 7.200 |
5.040 | -0.700 |
-0.490 | 0.486 |
0.340 |
0.140 |
6| No crew
|
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
7| Stores & provisions
|
0.250 | 3.750 |
0.938 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 2.250 |
0.563 |
|
8| Anchor & fittings 1
|
3.925 | 7.200 |
28.260 | 0.900 |
3.532 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
9| Anchor & fittings 2
|
3.925 | 11.200 |
43.960 | 0.900 |
3.532 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
10| Anchor & fittings 3
|
3.925 | 15.200 |
59.660 | 0.900 |
3.532 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
11| Anchor & fittings 4
|
3.925 | 19.200 |
75.360 | 0.900 |
3.532 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
12| Anchor & fittings 5
|
3.925 | 23.200 |
91.060 | 0.900 |
3.532 | 2.189 |
8.592 |
|
13| Crane
|
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14| Wing tank port
|
4.577 | 13.851 |
63.396 | 2.734 |
12.514 | 1.129 |
5.167 |
0.000 |
15| Wing tank starboard
|
4.577 | 13.851 |
63.396 | -2.734 |
-12.514 | 1.129 |
5.167 |
0.000 |
16| Void 1
|
8.000 | 19.635 |
157.080 | 0.000 |
0.000 | 0.350 |
2.800 |
38.325 |
|---------------------------+------------+---------+--------------+--------+------------+--------+------------+------------|
| DEADWEIGHT TOTAL
|
45.153 | 14.394 |
649.953 | 0.564 |
25.486 | 1.425 |
64.353 |
43.855 |
| LIGHTSHIP
|
79.871 | 10.500 |
838.646 | -0.014 |
-1.118 | 1.536 |
122.682 |
|
| DISPLACEMENT
|
125.024 | 11.906 |
1488.598 | 0.195 |
24.368 | 1.496 |
187.035 |
43.855 |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+------------------------|
Free Surface Correction (Total Free Surface Moment/Displacement) | 0.351 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------| VCG fluid | 1.847 |
--------------------SAILING STATE
----------------------------------DRAFT SUMMARY (DIMENSIONS IN METRES)
| Mean Max. | Port
| Stbd
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|
| Draft forward (about USK at FP)......................................................|
|
2.060 |
1.360 |
| Draft midships (about USK)...........................................................|
|
1.670 |
0.864 |
| Draft aft (about USK at AP)..........................................................|
|
1.228 |
0.422 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|
FREEBOARD SUMMARY (DIMENSIONS IN METRES)
| Mean Min. | Port
| Stbd
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------|
| Freeboard forward....................................................................|
| -0.612 |
0.087 |
| Freeboard midships...................................................................|
| -0.223 |
0.583 |
| Freeboard aft........................................................................|
|
0.220 |
1.026 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------STABILITY SUMMARY
| Minimum | Actual |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------|
| Maximum GZ (metres)..............................................................................|
|
0.011 |
| Angle of heel at which maximum GZ occurs (degrees)...............................................|
| 10.001 |
| Positive GZ heel range (degrees).................................................................|
|
4.606 |
| GM solid (metres) (at angle of equilibrium)......................................................|
|
0.854 |
| Free Surface correction (metres).................................................................|
|
0.351 |
| GM fluid (metres) (at angle of equilibrium)......................................................|
|
0.503 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------|
STABILITY SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
| Maximum | Actual |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------|
| Angle of equilibrium (degrees)...................................................................|
|
7.304 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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