NERC Standard BAL-003-1
Frequency Response & Frequency Bias Setting
Danielle Croop
Sr. Engineer, Performance Compliance
Operating Committee
October 4th 2016
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Agenda Summary
• PJM BAL-003-1 Field Trial Performance
• System Reliability and Recommended Settings
• Individual Unit Performance Breakdown
• Path Forward
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PJM BAL-003-1 Field Trial Performance
•
Performance is measured as
the median of all NERC
selected events; frequency
response measured included
generator governor response,
& load response
• PJM Field Trial
Performance exceeded
expected FRO every year
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Frequency Response Measure vs Frequency Response Obligation 2016
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Estimated Primary Frequency Response 2016
• Based on 2016 (to-date) BAL-003 frequency
response events, the majority of generator
frequency response is provided by Coal and
Natural Gas units
– Coal units provide 69% of generator
frequency response, Natural Gas units
provide 19%
• Evaluation of frequency response measured
as the median response for each unit from the
selected events
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Coal
Natural Gas
Hydro
Wind
Other
Oil
Nuclear
Solar
Landfill
Diesel
Fuelcell
69%
19%
3%
3%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
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System Reliability – Initial Observation
• From NERC Frequency Response Initiative Report, October 2012 Modeling of Frequency Response in the Eastern Interconnection
– Only 30% of units on-line provide primary frequency response
– 2/3 of the units that did respond exhibit withdrawal of primary frequency
response
– Only 10% of units on-line sustain primary frequency response
• Frequency Response in the Eastern Interconnection has improved since
October 2012 however still observing many units not providing sustained
primary frequency response
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Recommended Settings
• The Goal: Every BES Generator should have a working governor and be set
in accordance with Frequency Response Guideline for system reliability and
system restoration and provide primary frequency response with available
headroom
– Recommended settings: 36mHz deadband, 5% droop
• PJM Manual 14D: ...the generator governor and Distributed Control System
(DCS) settings provide dead bands that do not exceed +/- 36 mHz, and droop
settings that do not exceed 5%...
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System Reliability
Primary frequency is essential for reliability of the Interconnection and is
•
•
•
•
the first line of defense
critical for system restoration
needed for accurate modelling and event analysis
necessary for compliance to BAL-003-1
Observations with current primary frequency response within our footprint
• large variability from event-to-event basis, many generators not providing FR
• many generators withdraw FR or respond in the opposite direction
• significant portion of frequency from load and can not predict the load response or
control it
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Variability in Frequency Response Observed
• Demonstrating the variability
Event
12/05/2015 17:31
03/02/2016 02:53:32
Response
-763.8 MW/0.1 Hz
-372.3MW/0.1Hz
Excursion
-0.055Hz
-0.054Hz
Response from
Generation
-409MW/0.1Hz
-207MW/0.1Hz
Response in wrong
direction
-157MW/0.1Hz
-128MW/0.1Hz
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Examples of Individual Unit Performance
• Response in opposite direction
• No response
• Initial response with early withdrawal
• Some response
• Expected response
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Response in Opposite Direction
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No Response
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Initial Response with Early Withdrawal
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Some Response
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Expected Response
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Path Forward
• PJM will continue to evaluate event and individual unit performance
– Monitor event performance for BAL-003-1 compliance
– Further refine unit parameters (Pmax, Deadband, Droop)
• Potential initiatives coming from NERC and FERC
– PJM engaged with the NERC Resource Subcommittee, NERC Operating
Committee and Frequency Response initiatives
– Further FERC direction from Frequency Response NOI
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Appendix
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Timeline for BAL-003-1 R1
Requirement 1: Each Balancing Authority shall achieve an annual
Frequency Response Measure (FRM) that is equal to or more negative
than its Frequency Response Obligation (FRO) …
BAL-003-1
R1 becomes
effective
April
2016
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BA FRO
for 2017
posted
Nov
2016
Event
Collection
begins for
2017
Dec
2016
Event
Collection
ends for
2017
Nov
2017
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BA FRM
Reporting
for 2017
March
2018
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NERC Reliability Standard BAL-003-1
Balancing Authority FRO Allocation:
Interconnection Frequency Response Obligation x Balancing Authority Pro-rata Share
PJM FRO for 2016 operating year = (-1015 MW/0.1 Hz) x (25.45%) = -258.31 MW/0.1Hz
2016 Operating Year : December 2015 – November 2016 (field trial)
**PJM expected FRO for 2017 operating year = (-1015MW/0.1Hz) x (25.45%) = -258.31 MW/0.1Hz
2017 Operating Year: December 2016 – November 2017 (compliance)
**tentative
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Primary Frequency Response
Primary frequency response is the first stage of frequency control
and is the response of generator governors and loads to arrest
locally detected changes in frequency.
Primary frequency response is automatic, is not driven by any
centralized system, and begins within seconds after the frequency
changes, rather than minutes.
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