Name:___________________________________Teacher:______________________Date:________________ TEKS Objectives: STUDY GUIDE: ENERGY The student knows that energy exists in many forms and can be observed in cycles, patterns, and systems. 3.6 (A) explore different forms of energy, including mechanical, light, sound, and heat/thermal in everyday life; 3.6 (B) demonstrate and observe how position and motion can be changed by pushing and pulling objects to show work being done such as swings, balls, pulleys, and wagons; and 3.6 (C) observe forces such as magnetism and gravity acting on objects. Stanford Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Apply an understanding of the behavior of light Predict location of moving objects by evaluating models Predict the effects of structure on the sound produced by an object Apply an understanding of changes in states of matter Recognize the effects of changes in states of matter Apply an understanding of the motion of objects Predict a change caused by a change in temperature -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Vocabulary Words and Definitions: Energy: is the ability to do work. Fuel: a material that is burned to produce heat energy Motion: a change in position of an object Mass: the amount of matter in an object Speed: the distance an object moves per unit of time, such as miles per hour -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Content Information: FORMS OF ENERGY — THERE ARE DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY FORM EXAMPLES Sound Energy Sound from a loudspeaker, radio, wind, thunder, someone’s voice Light Energy Light from a light bulb, stars, candle, computer screen, lightning Electrical Energy Electricity from a power plant, car battery, dry cell in a flashlight Heat Energy Heat from an oven, a toaster, the sun, heat in your body Chemical Energy Energy stored in the foods you eat, fuels in woods and gasoline Mechanical Kinetic energy – a rolling bowling ball, running, riding a bike Energy Potential energy – a roller coaster car at the top if a hill, a book on the top shelve, a ball hanging in the air Energy cannot be destroyed or created it can only change from one form into another Energy Transformation Electrical Energy changes to Light and thermal energy Mechanical Energy changes to Electrical energy LIGHT ENERGY FACTS: -‐ Light is a form of energy that travels in waves in straight lines. -‐ Light can travel through empty space where there is no air. -‐ Airless space is called a vacuum. -‐ Light from the Sun takes a little more than 8 minutes to reach Earth. Color Spectrum: Visible light includes all the colors of the rainbow. Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet RED has the longest wavelength RED has the lowest frequency VIOLET has the shortest wavelength VIOLET has the highest frequency Frequency is the number of waves that move past a certain amount of time. Crest – highest part of the wave Trough – lowest part of the wave Wavelength – distance between one crest and the next crest Amplitude – distance between from the lowest to the highest point of the wave Prism – a glass bar that separates white light into the colors of the rainbow White light – contains all the colors of the rainbow, when the rays of white light pass from one material through another material, the colors can be separate. Rainbow – What creates a rainbow? A rainbow is created when white light from the sun passes through tiny droplets of water in the air. The white light separates into the colors you see in the rainbow. Why does an apple look red? The apple looks red because it reflects red light and absorbs the other 6 colors, so you don’t see those colors. Refraction Reflection The bending of light / Makes objects The bouncing back of light bigger 1. 2. 3. 4. water lenses prism enlarges an object (makes big) 1. 2. 3. 4. water mirror tinted windows shiny metals, plastics Light energy travels faster through gases, liquids, and solids (slowest) Transparent Translucent Opaque Allows all light to pass through easily Allows some light to pass through Allows NO light to pass through Ex: Clear glass, windows Ex: frosted glass, wax paper Ex: People, book, couch, potato chip bag SOUND ENERGY Facts: -‐ Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrating objects. -‐ Vibrations: a back-‐and-‐forth movement that produces sound -‐ Sound travels in waves. -‐ Sound cannot move where there is no matter such as in space. -‐ Sound travels faster solids than in liquids and gases. Sound Waves: Compression Rarefaction Compression – area where air molecules are pressed together Rarefaction – area where air molecules are spread out Pitch: how high or low the sound is Low Pitch – lower frequency High Pitch– higher frequency Quieter sounds are created by smaller vibrations of an object – weaker movement of air molecules Louder sounds are created by larger vibrations of an object – stronger movements of air molecules as the sound travels Making Sound (high and low pitch) HEAT/THERMAL ENERGY Heat /Thermal energy is the energy of moving particles. Small pot of water Large pot of water A large amount of water needs more heat energy to warm up than a small amount of the same kind of matter. Transfer of Heat Energy *Heat energy always moves from a warmer object to a cooler object or area. Heat energy moves in 3 different ways Conduction Convection Radiation Is the movement of heat The movement of heat Heat energy moves through between objects that through liquids and gases in space touch each other currents Ex: cooking vegetables in Ex: The heating system in Ex: Energy from the sun a wok (heat energy your home uses convection travels to the earth by moves from the hot metal to heat the rooms evenly. radiation wok to the veg,) Air is heated near the floor Ex: sitting near a fireplace or of a room, heated air moves campfire, you feel heat up and cool air moves coming from the burning logs, down…keeps repeating the heat reaches you by radiation Heat Conductors — All Metals, allow heat to pass through easily Heat Insulators — Non-‐metals, do not allow heat to pass through (retain heat) MECHANICAL ENERGY 2 Forms of Mechanical Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Energy of Position (stored energy) Energy of Motion The higher above the ground an object is and the greater its mass, the more potential energy it has The faster an object moves and the greater its mass, the more kinetic energy it has -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Answer the Following Questions: 1. Draw 5 bottles filled with different amounts of water and label the high/low pitch. 2. How do potential and kinetic energy differ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do light waves travel? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Draw an object reflecting and refracting. Reflecting Refracting Definition: Definition: 5. Light waves travel until they strike an object. Light waves cannot pass through some objects. A shadow forms when an object ______________ the light. 6. Draw a sound wave that has a low pitch and low frequency. 7. Draw a sound wave that has a high pitch and high frequency. 8. Explain, why the color a banana is yellow. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Draw and label the particles of a gas, liquid, and solid. 10. What can be done to increase the kinetic energy in the particles? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Draw how heat travels for each of the following: Conduction Convection Radiation
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