International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2321-9009
Volume- 2, Issue-4, Oct.-2014
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF SAND IN
RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION
1
P.R.BHAMRE, 2R.V.SHRIGIRIWAR., 3D.D.PARKHE, 4A.P.PATIL, 5P.L.NAGARE.
1
Director General., 2Superintending Enginer & Jt Dirctor., 3Scientific Research Officer, 4Asstt. Research Officer,
5
Sectional Engineer
Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Water Resources Dept. Govt of Maharashtra., Nashik – 422 004.
E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract- Availability of sand in Ujjani Dam Sedimentation was assessed in the Soil Mechanics Division No.1, MERI,
Nashik-4 by collecting sample from the site and testing it in the laboratory. Samples were also tested for their Chemical
properties in Structural Research & Physics Division and Material Testing Division of M.E.R.I. Nashik. The paper put forth
results of the study carried out which indicates about quantum & quality of sand present in Ujjani Dam Reservoir
Sedimentation.
I.
3. Thereby to increase storage capacity of reservoir by
removing sand with silt from reservoir.
4. Now a day there is scarcity of natural sand and if it
is possible to separate sand from Dam sediment then it
will fulfill need of natural sand in some way.
INTRODUCTION
Sand is nearly 35 % ingredient in concrete and 85 %
in the mortar is generally used in construction work.
Construction activities are increased due to the growth
in population and Industrialization. The demand of
good quality natural sand is increased and hence the
natural sources of good quality sand deposited in the
river in economical lead are being exhausted. Nobody
uses bad sand deposits which has greenish, blackish
colour and bad odour.
II.
SALIENT FEATURES OF UJJANI
RESERVOIR:
Submergence area at FRL : 336.50 sq.km.
Submergence area at NWL : 357.00 sq.km
Catchment area :
14858 sq.km.
Location : Longitude - 750 07’ 15” –E
Latitude - 180 04’ 24” –N
Village:
Ujjani
Tal.
:
Indapur.
Dist
:
Solapur.
FRL :
496.83 m
MDDL :
491.03 m
MWL :
497.58 m
Live storage capacity : 1517.20 M.cu.m
Dead storage capacity:1802.80 M.cu.m
Gross storage capacity: 3320 M.cu.m
The fundamental and basic research problem was
taken up to study sand present
in reservoir
sedimentation for their soil mechanic test and physical
and chemical properties of sand. For this purpose
Ujjani reservoir case study was taken. This study
comprises of testing sediment samples from various
locations of Ujjani reservoir and carrying out grain
size analysis. The representative sand sample
extracted from grain size analysis further tested for
their physical and chemical properties to ascertain the
quality of sand. About 245 sediment samples are
collected from various location of Ujjani reservoir.
Out of that 151 samples are having 0 to 20 % sand, 41
samples are having 22 to 30 % sand and only 18
samples shows above 50 % sand. The Central Water
Commission (CWC) worked through Tojo Viskas
International Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi by DGPS
technology and found that on an average
sedimentation sample consist of 15 % gravel 30 %
Sand, 44% Silt & 11% Clay.
III.
GENERAL METHODOLOGY:
Ujjani dam maintenance division, Bhimanagar
submitted total 245 sediment samples to MERI from
various G.P.S. locations with longitudes and latitudes,
Total 245 representative sediment samples are
collected from total 29000 hector submergence. The
samples are collected by field authority as per their
convenience & easy approach. Grain size Analysis is
done in Soil Mechanics Dn No.1 of MERI, Nashik as
per IS 2720 (Part IV) . At first oven dry sample 1 kg is
kept soaked in adequate water for 24 hrs. Then it is
washed through 75 micron sieve. Quantity of sample
retained on 75 micron sieve is kept in oven for 24 hrs.
Then it is sieved through 80mm, 40mm,
20mm,10mm,
4.75mm,
2mm,
1.4
mm,
0.6mm,0.425mm, 0.212mm, 0.125mm, 0.075mm.
I. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:
1. To estimate quantity and quality of sand in Ujjani
Reservoir sedimentation.
2. To recommend suitable measures for increasing
Govt. revenue by extracting sand from sedimentation.
Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Sand in Reservoir Sedimentation
74
International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2321-9009
Particles passing through 80mm and retained on 4.75
mm is treated as gravel. Particles passing through
4.75mm and retained on 75 micron is treated as sand.
Particles passing through 75 micron is treated as Silt
& Clay. The particles which treated as sand from each
sediment samples then mixed well together and made
the representative sand sample.. Then this
representative sand sample is tested for its physical &
chemical properties to ascertain the sand quality.
IV.
Sr No
Percentage range of Sand
No of Samples.
1
0 t0 20 %
151
2
20 to 30 %
41
3
30 to 50 %
35
4
Above 50 %
18
OBSERVATIONS:
After testing 245 sediment samples by mechanical
analysis in Soil Mechanics Division No 1, MERI,
Nashik, the summery of test results of Mechanical
analysis are shown in Table-1 attached separately. It
reveals that Sand percentage is only 21.30 %
Volume- 2, Issue-4, Oct.-2014
TABLE NO. 2 : Chemical properties of representative
Sand sample.
Simultaneously Chemical & Physical properties of
sand collected from sediment sample in mechanical
analysis are also done and results are shown in Table
-2, & 3 attached separately. It reveals that Solubility is
25.05 % and uniformity coefficient is 6.66.
CONCLUSION
Following are some findings from the testing of 245
sediment samples from 29000 hector submergence of
Ujjani Dam reservoir.
1) Average sand found in Ujjani sediment is 21.30%.
2) The solubility of sand in 40% HCL is found
25.05% while it’s permissible limit is 5%.
3) Uniformity coefficient of sand is found 6.66 while
it’s permissible limit is 1.3 to 1.7
4) As per IS 383-1970 sand is not found in specified
four grading zone satisfactorily.
5) It is observed that 62 % of sediment samples
having sand below 20 % and only 7% Sediment
samples having sand above 50%.
6) As per study sand extracted from sediment is
qualitatively can not be treated as sand.
Sr
No
I.S. Sieve
Size mm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
0
2.36
2
1.70
1.40
1.18
1
0.84
0.60
0.50
0.30
0.25
0.212
Pan
Weight of
sand retained
in gms
0
22.386
3.0219
3.3236
0.8233
7.068
5.3287
3.6372
6.0053
3.0548
10.5013
5.0937
3.5999
26.1563
Name of Test
Sr
No
% weight of
sand passing.
100
77.614
74.5921
71.2685
70.4452
63.3772
58.0485
54.4113
48.406
45.3512
34.8499
29.7562
26.1563
0
Permissible
limits as per
IS-8419-1977 &
1917-1962
Results.
1
Effective size
: ES
0.45 – 0.70
D 10 –
0.15
D 60
-1
2
Uniformity
Co-efficient
Uc
1.30 – 1.70
6.66
3
Solubility in
40 % HCL
Max 5 %
25.054%
4
Loss on
Ignition at
550 0 C
0.7 %
1.4238%
5
Specific
Gravity.
Min 2.5
2.2606
a.International (Pvt.) Ltd, New Delhi.
6
Split content
Max 5 %
2
TABLE NO. 1 Summery of 245 Sediment Samples
tested by Mechanical Analysis.
7
Silica
content.
Min 90 %
83.02%
REFERENCES
[1]. Grain size analysis as per IS 2720 (Part IV) 1975
[2]. Physical testing as per IS 383 – 1970
[3]. Chemical testing as per IS 8419-1977.
[4]. Final report on capacity serve of Bhima (Ujjani)
[5]. Reservoir vol.I March-2012 by Tojo-Vikas
Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Sand in Reservoir Sedimentation
75
International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2321-9009
Volume- 2, Issue-4, Oct.-2014
Note : Sample are tested as per IS 8419 – 1977 and
1917 – 1962.
TABLE N0 - 3 : Physical Properties of Ujjani Representative Sand sample.

Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Sand in Reservoir Sedimentation
76