UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA – ARCES
FUNCTIONAL IMAGING: PET & SPECT
FILIPPO PICCININI
April 1, 2011
Who am I?
First Name, Surname
Filippo Piccinini
Place of birth
Forlimpopoli, FC, Italy
Date of birth
April 20, 1985
Title
Biomedical Engineer
Email
[email protected]
Web site
www.filippopiccinini.altervista.org
[email protected]
PH.D STUDENT
European Doctorate in Information Technology by
ARCES
Advanced Research Centre on Electronic Systems,
University of Bologna
SUPERVISOR
Prof. Alessandro Bevilacqua
CO-TUTOR
Prof. Mauro Ursino
MAIN RESEARCH TOPIC
Biomedical Image Elaboration
Filippo Piccinini
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Imaging in life sciences
Filippo Piccinini
[email protected]
Courtesy of Prof. Ruth Kroschewski
Outline
[email protected]
Nuclear medicine
PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography)
Contact
Filippo Piccinini
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Outline
[email protected]
Nuclear medicine
PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography)
Contact
Filippo Piccinini
Nuclear medicine
Filippo Piccinini
[email protected]
Courtesy of Dr. Alexander Hohn
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Nuclear medicine
[email protected]
Atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
PROTON(+)
NEUTRON
ELECTRON(-)
The number of protons determines the chemical element
The number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element
Filippo Piccinini
From http://en.wikipedia.org
Nuclear medicine
Filippo Piccinini
[email protected]
From http://www.difossombrone.it/biochimica/
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Nuclear medicine
[email protected]
ISOTOPES:
are atoms that contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. The
number of protons (the atomic number) is the same for each isotope, e.g. carbon-12, carbon13 and carbon-14 each have 6 protons, but the number of neutrons in each isotope differs.
This alters the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus, known as the
mass number, as well as the atomic mass. For example, carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14
are three isotopes of the element carbon with mass numbers 12, 13 and 14 respectively. The
atomic number of carbon is 6 (every carbon atom has 6 protons); therefore the neutron
numbers in these isotopes are 6, 7 and 8 respectively.
HALF-LIFE:
is the period of time it takes for a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half.
Filippo Piccinini
Nuclear medicine
From http://en.wikipedia.org
[email protected]
ANNIHILATION:
is defined as "total destruction“ of an object, having its root in the Latin nihil (nothing). A literal
translation is "to make into nothing". In physics, the word is used to denote the process that
occurs when a subatomic particle collides with its respective antiparticle. Since energy and
momentum must be conserved, the particles are not actually made into nothing, but rather
into new particles.
ELECTRON-POSITRON ANNIHILATION:
when an electron (e−) and a positron (e+, the electron's antiparticle) collide 2 gamma ray
photons (higher energies) are born.
Filippo Piccinini
Courtesy of Dr. Sebastian Kozerke
5
Nuclear medicine
[email protected]
CURIOUS THINGS
RADIONUCLIDE:
is an atom with an unstable nucleus.
It is used not only in “Nuclear Medicine” (e.g.: Radiocarbon dating).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionuclide
RADIOCARBON DATING:
is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 (14C)
to estimate the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 58,000 to 62,000 years.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating
RADIOCARBON 14 DATING OF THE SHROUD OF TURIN
P. E. Damon et al., “Radiocarbon Dating of the Shroud of Turin”, NATURE 337, 611-615, 1989.
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esame_del_Carbonio_14_sulla_Sindone
Filippo Piccinini
Nuclear medicine
Filippo Piccinini
From http://en.wikipedia.org
[email protected]
Courtesy of Prof. Ruth Kroschewski
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Nuclear medicine
Filippo Piccinini
Nuclear medicine
Filippo Piccinini
[email protected]
Courtesy of Dr. Roger Schibli
[email protected]
Courtesy of Prof. Ruth Kroschewski
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Nuclear medicine
[email protected]
PRODUCTION:
Cyclotron, Reactor, Generator
Filippo Piccinini
Courtesy of Dr. Alexander Hohn
Outline
[email protected]
Nuclear medicine
PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography)
Contact
Filippo Piccinini
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PET
HUMAN PET SCANNER
[email protected]
SMALL ANIMAL PET SCANNER
Filippo
Piccinini
Courtesy of Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science of ETH, PSI and USZ
PET
[email protected]
NO MOVEMENT
NO ROTATION
SENSORS SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE CYLINDER
The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted
indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer),
which is introduced into the body on a biologically
active molecule.
Filippo Piccinini
Courtesy of Dr. Alexander Hohn
9
PET
Filippo Piccinini
PET
[email protected]
Courtesy of Dr. Alexander Hohn
[email protected]
RECONSTRUCTION:
- Computation
- Back propagation
- Time of flight
Filippo Piccinini
Courtesy of Dr. Sebastian Kozerke
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PET
Filippo Piccinini
PET
[email protected]
Courtesy of Dr. Alessandro Gherardi
[email protected]
FUSION:
- Morphological imaging
- Functional imaging
Filippo Piccinini
Courtesy of Dr. Sebastian Kozerke
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Outline
[email protected]
Nuclear medicine
PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography)
Contact
Filippo Piccinini
SPECT
[email protected]
Single gamma ray emission
No electron-positron annihilation
Detectors for section
Rotation
Filippo Piccinini
Courtesy of Dr. Alexander Hohn
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SPECT
[email protected]
TRACER PRODUCTION: Simply in laboratory, no cyclotron, no reactor
Filippo Piccinini
SPECT
Courtesy of Dr. Alexander Hohn
[email protected]
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Normal brain perfusion SPECT scan using Tc-99m-ECD.
Image courtesy of The Methodist Hospital.
Abnormal brain perfusion SPECT scan using Tc-99m-ECD.
Image courtesy of The Methodist Hospital.
Filippo Piccinini
From http://nucmed.wikispaces.com
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Outline
[email protected]
Nuclear medicine
PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography)
Contact
Filippo Piccinini
CVG LAB
[email protected]
ALMA MATER STUDIORUM
UNIVERSITA’ DI BOLOGNA
Computer Vision LAB
http://cvg.deis.unibo.it
PER INFORMAZIONI:
Responsabile:
Prof. Alessandro Bevilacqua
[email protected]
Responsabile tecnico: Dr. Alessandro Gherardi
[email protected]
Referente:
Filippo Piccinini
Filippo Piccinini
[email protected]
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THESIS & STAGE
[email protected]
TITLES
- Morphological and functional imaging: fusion of CT and SPECT
- Algorithms to 3D PET reconstruction
Filippo Piccinini
THANK YOU!
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