Department of Geography
Grundlagen Fernerkundung - 10
Copernicus / GMES
e European Earth Observation Programme
GEO123.1, FS2014
Hendrik Wulf
4/21/14
Page 1
Department of Geography
What is Copernicus and why should we care?
4/22/14
Page 2
Department of Geography
Learning Goals
•!
Objectives/purpose of Copernicus
!! Why do we need the Copernicus programme?
•!
Components of Copernicus
!! What comprises the Copernicus programme?
•!
Sentinel space missions
!! Which Sentinel mission pursues which objectives?
•!
Copernicus services
!! What can we expect from Copernicus services?
4/21/14
Page 3
Department of Geography
Recommended web resources
Copernicus weblinks
•!
http://www.copernicus.eu
•!
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus
•!
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/copernicus/
ESA videos on Copernicus and Sentinels
•!
http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Videos
ESA podcast on Copernicus
•!
http://raumzeit-podcast.de/ (episode 42)
Scientific Publications
•!
RSE special issue, vol. 120, 2012
Department of Geography
Nicolaus Copernicus
Life: 1473-1543
•!
Kingdom of Poland
•!
doctorate in canon law
•!
physician, polyglot, classics scholar, translator,
governor, diplomat, and economist
Known for:
•! Heliocentrism (model of the universe which
placed the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the
center)
4/21/14
Page 5
Department of Geography
Copernicus milestones
1998
Initiation of GMES: "The Baveno Manifesto”
2001
ESA Ministerial Council in Edinburgh. First GMES services funded
2005
ESA Ministerial Council in Berlin. First funds committed to the GMES
Space component
2005
GMES services domains defined
2008
Pre-operational services launched
2012
Programme name change to Copernicus
2014
First Sentinel satellite launched
4/21/14
Page 6
Copernicus pillars
Department of Geography
European
independence &
contribution to global
observing system
Space
Component
Global, timely and
easily accessible
information
In-Situ
Component
4/21/14
Services
Component
Page 7
Copernicus users
Department of Geography
Policymakers
Decision Makers
Space Enthusiasts
Start-Up Companies
Scientists
Large Institutional User
Organisations
Students
Private Persons
Public Authorities
Value-Adding Companies
4/21/14
Page 8
Components & Competences
Department of Geography
Coordinators:
Space
Component
Overall
Programme
Coordination
Services
Component
In-Situ
Component
4/21/14
Partners:
Industries
Private
Companies
National
Space EUMETSAT
Agencies
Service
operators
National
environmental
agencies
Page 9
Contributing missions
Department of Geography
COSMO-Skymed
SPOT (VGT)
TerraSAR–X
Tandem-X
PROBA-V
Radarsat
Pléiades
Deimos-2
RapidEye
VHR
ical R
Opt
H
and ions
s
mis
DMC
Copernicus
Contributing
Missions
Atmospheric
missions
Cryosat
Jason
SPOT (HRS)
MetOp
4/21/14
Meteosat 2nd Generation
Page 10
Socio-economic Benefits
Department of Geography
2026-2030 potential
Copernicus benefits =
! 130 B or around
! 6.9 B / year =
0.2% of the EU current
annual GDP
- “Money where it matters – how the EU budget
delivers value to you”
EC, MEMO/11/469, Brussels, 29 June 2011
1 ! spent by European
tax payer on Copernicus
! public return of 10!
can be expected
- “The Socio-Economic Benefits of GMES”
ESPI report 39, November 2011
4/21/14
Page 11
The Sentinel Family
Department of Geography
The Sentinel missions
•! S1: Radar Mission
•! S2: High Resolution Optical Mission
•! S3: Medium Resolution Imaging and Altimetry
Mission
•! S4: GEO Atmospheric Chemistry Mission
•! S5P/S5: LEO Atmospheric Chemistry Missions
•! S6 [Jason-CS]: Altimetry Mission
The Sentinel Family
Department of Geography
Sentinel 1 – SAR imaging
All weather, day/night applications, interferometry
2014 / 2015
Sentinel 2 – Multi-spectral imaging
Land applications: urban, forest, agriculture,..
Continuity of Landsat, SPOT
Sentinel 3 – Ocean and global land monitoring
Wide-swath ocean color, vegetation, sea/land
surface temperature, altimetry
Sentinel 4 – Geostationary atmospheric
Atmospheric composition monitoring, transboundary pollution
Sentinel 5 / 5P – Low-orbit atmospheric
Atmospheric composition monitoring
(S5 Precursor launch in 2015)
2015 / 2016
2015 / 2017
2020
2015, 2021
The Sentinel Schedule
Department of Geography
4/21/14
Page 14
Sentinel-1
Department of Geography
•! Sun-synchronous orbit at
693 km altitude
•! Inclination: 98.18˚
•! 7 years lifetime
•! Consumables for 12 years
•! 12-day repeat cycle at
Equator (with 1 satellite)
•! 175 orbits/cycle
•! 96h operative autonomy
4/21/14
Page 15
Department of Geography
Sentinel-1 Quantum Leap
Sentinel-1
ASAR (Envisat)
!! 5 m ground range resolution
!! 20 m ground range resolution
!! 250 km swath width (Interferometric wide
!! 100 km swath width (Imaging
mode)
swath mode)
!! 6 days repeat cycle (with 2 satellites)
!! 35 days repeat cycle
!! 2 x 260 Mb/s downlink data rate
!! Up to 100 Mb/s space to ground
data rate
!! 7 years design lifetime (consumables for
!! 5 years design lifetime
12 years)
Sentinel-1: Twice the sensitivity and thrice the accuracy
in Radar imaging quality
4/21/14
Page 16
Department of Geography
Sentinel-1A/B constellation
4/21/14
Page 17
Department of Geography
Sentinel-1 coverage (wide swath mode)
Until 2012:
ENVISAT
2014+:
Sentinel 1A
2015+:
Sentinel
1A+B
4/21/14
Page 18
Department of Geography
Sentinel-1 applications: (1) Land
4/21/14
Page 19
Department of Geography
Sentinel-1 applications: (2) Sea
4/21/14
Page 20
Sentinel-2
Department of Geography
•! Wide swath high resolution
multispectral imaging mission
•! Land, Security, Emergency
and Climate Change Services
•! Data continuity Landsat and
SPOT-type missions
4/21/14
Page 21
Department of Geography
Comparison: Sentinel-2 vs. Landsat-8
Department of Geography
Sentinel-2 Spectral bands
Department of Geography
Sentinel-2 applications
4/21/14
Page 24
Sentinel-2 coverage
Department of Geography
10-day period
Landsat
Landsat &
Sentinel 2A
Landsat &
Sentinel 2A &
Sentinel 2B
Department of Geography
Sentinel-2 coverage
Average revisit time
(in days) of Sentinel-2
in summer with two
orbiting sensors over
Europe
4/21/14
Page 26
Department of Geography
Sentinel-2 applications
Agriculture, Forestry and Range
!! e.g. discriminating vegetation type & state
Land Use/Cover Changes
!! e.g. monitoring urban growth
Geology
!! e.g. mapping geologic landforms
Hydrology
!! e.g. determining snow and ice cover
Coastal Resources
!! e.g. tracking shoreline erosion and flooding
Environmental Monitoring
!! e.g. monitoring deforestation
4/21/14
Page 27
Simulated Sentinel-2 data
Department of Geography
Baden, Lägeren Forest - July 2013
Findelen Glacier - August 2013
Natural color image
S2 bands: 4,3,2
(R,G,B)
Color infrared image
S2 bands: 8,4,3
(NIR,R,G)
False color image
S2 bands: 12,8,2
(SWIR,NIR,B)
4/22/14
Page 28
Sentinel-3
Department of Geography
•! Medium resolution imaging
and altimetry mission
•! Land and ocean applications,
including emergency and climate
change services
•! Sun synchronous orbit at 814.5 km
•! 7 years design life time,
consumables for 12 years
4/22/14
Page 29
Department of Geography
Sentinel-3 Instruments
Objective: measure sea-surface topography, sea- and land-surface temperature
and ocean- and land-surface colour with high-end accuracy and reliability
Sensor
Description
Heritage
SLSTR
Sea and Land Surface
Temperature Radiometer
AATSR
(Envisat)
OLCI
Ocean and Land Colour
Instrument
MERIS
(Envisat)
SRAL
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Altimeter
Cryosat (Earth
Explorer)
MWR
Microwave Radiometer
MWR (Envisat)
POD
Precise Orbit
Determination
DORIS, GNSS
LRR (Envisat)
Department of Geography
Sentinel-3 Instruments
Characteristics
SLSTR
OLCI
SRAL
Spatial Resolution (km)
0.5 – 1
0.3
0.3 - 1.6 point
sampling distance
Ground Swath (km)
1400
1270
-
Revisit time (days)
<2
<3
27
Spectral Bands (#)
11
21
2
Spectral Range (!m)
0.55-10.85
0.40-1.02
Ku-C
4/22/14
Page 31
Department of Geography
Sentinel-3 Sensor comparison
4/22/14
Page 32
Department of Geography
Sentinel-3 applications
Marine and Coastal Environment
!! e.g. Sea-surface topography &
temperature, circulation, water quality,
wave height
Polar Environment
!! e.g. Sea-ice thickness
Global Change Ocean
!! e.g. Sea-level rive, CO2 flux
Land Cover & Land-Use Change
!! e.g. Forest monitoring, land-use
mapping
Risk Management
!! e.g. Fire detection, Burnt area mapping
4/22/14
Page 33
Sentinel-4/-5
Department of Geography
•! Atmospheric chemistry missions
•! Instruments to be flown on
•! MTG (Sentinel 4)
•! MetOp SG (Sentinel 5)
•! Sentinel-4 mission
•! Separate precursor mission
for Sentinel 5
Department of Geography
Sentinel-4 Instruments
Objective: monitoring the composition
of the Earth's atmosphere
•! Air Quality measurements
•! Stratospheric Ozone monitoring
•! Solar Radiation measurements
•! Climate monitoring
Sensor
Description
Application
UVN
Ultraviolet Visible Nearinfrared spectrometer
retrieval of tropospheric trace gases (e.g.
NO2, HCHO, O3, SO2, and AOD)
IRS
Thermal InfraRed
Sounder
retrieval of tropospheric trace gases (e.g.
CH4, CO, O3, C2H2, NH3)
4/22/14
Page 35
Department of Geography
Sentinel-5 Instrument
Objective: atmospheric monitoring
•! Air Quality measurements
•! Stratospheric Ozone monitoring
•! Solar Radiation measurements
•! Climate monitoring
Sensor
Description
Application
UVNS
Ultraviolet Visible Near-infrared
shortwave spectrometer
retrieval of tropospheric trace gases
(e.g. NO2, HCHO, O3, SO2, AOD)
IRS
Thermal InfraRed Sounder
retrieval of tropospheric trace gases
(e.g. CH4, CO, O3, C2H2, NH3)
VII
Visible Infrared Imager
Information on cloud properties
3MI 4/22/14
Multi-Viewing Multi-channel
Multi-polarisation Imager
aerosol load and aerosol
microphysical properties
Page 36
Department of Geography
Sentinel-4 & 5 applications
Air Quality
Radiative Forcing
Tropospheric composition
4/22/14
Page 37
Department of Geography
Optical thickness of aerosols
Some Sentinel Applications
Department of Geography
Maritime surveillance
Oil spills
Land subsidence
Tectonics
Deforestation
Vegetation
Ship
Disasters
Sea ice extent
Floods
Icebergs
Atmosphere
Ocean colour
Department of Geography
Sentinel data policy
4/22/14
Page 40
Department of Geography
Primary goal of Sentinels is to serve operational Copernicus
needs – BUT they will have enormous benefits for science:
!! Sentinel data represent an invaluable resource for the
science community
!! Sentinel missions will provide continuity and improved
data from ERS/Envisat/Landsat :
"! Better data for science
"! Long term data sets of unique value for science
!! Sentinels perfectly complement dedicated science
missions (e.g. ESA Explorers)
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services: (1) Land
LAND
Service
S-1
S-2
S-3
Food security & crop
monitoring
!
!
!
Forests, rivers & lakes
!
!
!
Snow-cover
!
!
!
Urban mapping
!
!
Tectonics
!
Ecosystems & sensitive
habitats
!
S-4
S-5/5P
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services Example: (1) Deforestation
4/21/14
Page 44
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services: (2) Marine
Service
MARINE
Marine & coastal
monitoring
S-1
!
S-2
S-3
!
Sea surface topography &
temperatures
!
Ocean colour
!
Oil spill & polluter
!
Iceberg monitoring
!
Wind & wave information
!
Algal blooms & jellyfish
invasion
!
S-4
S-5/5P
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services Example: (2) Oil Spills
4/21/14
Page 46
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services: (3) Atmosphere
Service
S-4
S-5/5P
Atmospheric chemistry
!
!
Air quality
!
!
Climate trace gases
!
!
Stratospheric ozone &
solar radiation
!
!
Volcanic ash plumes
!
!
Atmosphere
Clouds & aerosols
detection
S-1
S-2
S-3
!
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services Example: (3) Air Quality
4/21/14
Page 48
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services: (4) Emergency Response
Emergency Response
Service
S-1
S-2
Global wild fires detection
S-3
!
Disaster mapping (floods,
wild fires, landslides &
earthquakes)
!
!
Humanitarian aid in crisis
situations
!
!
Land surface motion
(landslides, seismic &
subsidence)
!
S-4
S-5/5P
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services Example: (4) Floods
4/21/14
Page 50
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services: (5) Security
SECURITY
Service
Maritime surveillance (Sea
vessel detection, maritime
piracy)
Monitoring infrastructure
stability (railways, roads,
bridges)
S-1
!
!
Support of peacekeeping
intelligence & early
warning
Border surveillance
S-2
!
!
!
!
S-3
S-4
S-5/5P
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services Example: (5) Shipping routes
4/21/14
Page 52
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services: (6) Climate Change
CLIMATE CHANGE
Service
S-1
Sea ice, ice sheets &
glaciers
!
Soil moisture
!
Land cover, snow cover,
rivers & lakes
S-2
S-3
S-5/5P
!
!
!
Sea & land surface
temperature
!
Cloud top heights & cloud
cover
!
Long-lived greenhouse
gases & aerosols
S-4
Department of Geography
Copernicus Services Example: (6) Sea ice variations
4/21/14
Page 54
Copernicus Masters
Department of Geography
Department of Geography
Summary slides
Department of Geography
Latest News: First images of Sentinel-1
•! first satellite of Europe’s environmental monitoring programme Copernicus
Flooding in Namibia
Antarctica Peninsula
Department of Geography
Thank you for your attention!
& have a nice day!
Department of Geography
Sentinel-1: Time lapse to launch
••! first satellite of Europe’s environmental monitoring programme Copernicus