Industrialization, Immigration, and Reform Unit Exam REVIEW
Underline the verb in the question. Sixty percent of the test will come from the bolded questions #1-7.
1. Identify the economic factors that brought upon rapid industrialization and urbanization.
Interchangeable Parts, Cotton Gin, Power Loom (weaves cloth fast), War of 1812,
Steamboat, canal, Steam Train, telegraph-----people moving to the cities to get factory
jobs
2. Identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States.
Pilgrims, Puritans, Quakers, Catholic, (Colonial Era) Chinese, Scandinavia, Irish, German,
3. Explain their reasons (see above) for immigration. (Push/ Pull) Pull- economic opportunity, political and
religious freedom, abundant land Push- religious persecution, FAMINE (potatoes), limited jobs, limited land
4. Analyze the impact of transportation systems (steamboat, canal, steam train) on the growth,
development, and urbanization of the US.
These innovations helped move raw materials to the factories and finished products from factories to markets
more efficiently. These transportation innovations also moved people from rural to urban areas.
5. Analyze the impact of communication systems on the growth, development, and urbanization of the US.
The telegraph enabled the factory owner to communicate with his supplier of raw materials and also to the
marketplace. The telegraph also encouraged westward movement b/c people now did not fear being unable
to communicate back east.
6. Compare the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations that have influenced daily life
in different periods in U.S. history. For example: Compare the effect of the steel plow to the farmer with the
desktop computer to the insurance salesman.
Compare the telegraph and cell phone
Compare the steamboat and airplane
7. Identify examples of how industrialization (factories) changed life for Americans and immigrants to the
US.
It moved the US from primarily agriculture to industrial AND it changed WHERE people lived (people moved
from rural to urban). Industrialization also provided jobs for immigrants, encouraging immigration
8. Describe the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the physical environment of the
United States during the Westward Expansion and Industrial Revolution Units.
Factory: A positive about factories is that they spur economic growth. A negative is that factories pollute.
Transcontinental Railroad: A positive is that it led to westward expansion and economic growth. A negative is
that you destroyed habitats and disrupted the migration of bison herds
9. Describe how different immigrant groups interacted with the environment in the United States during the
19th centuries. (Chinese immigrants, German farmers, Polish factory workers..)
Chinese Immigrants- railroads Germans and Scandanavians farmed and other immigrants got work in
factories
10. Choose two economic factors from your answer to #1 and explain HOW they led to rapid industrialization
and urbanization.
------11. Describe the characteristics AND benefit of the US Free Enterprise system.
Characteristics--- MINIMAL GOVERNMENT INTRUSION INTO business, profit motive, private property,
private enterprise
Benefits--- THE ECONOMY THRIVES, people have jobs, the consumer has power, businesses can
maximize profits
12. Describe the contributions of significant political and social leaders of the United States including:
Frederick Douglass- he wrote about his experience as a slave (Narrative of F.D.) and it inspired people
to support the abolitionist movement
Susan B. Anthony- She worked for women’s rights (suffrage) equal treatment for women
Elizabeth Cady Stanton- She worked for women’s rights (suffrage) equal treatment for women
13. Explain the relationship between urbanization and conflicts resulting from differences in religion, social
class, and political beliefs. (think crowded urban areas; laws aimed at restricting voting)-Immigrant groups
who had no experience of other cultures were living together in cramped urban areas competing for a limited
number of jobs and resources. Native born Americans feared immigrants would take jobs.
14. Identify ways conflicts between people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups were resolved.
Ethnic neighborhoods were formed so that recent immigrants could find jobs, food, shelter, and a cultural
experience that they were used to.
15. Analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity.
Immigrants helped build our nation’s economy through their work in factories and farming. Chinese
immigrants built the transcontinental railroad. Different religious groups who came to the US for religious
freedom helped us preserve our 1st amendment right to freedom of religion.
16. Identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society.
Political- Women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony worked to get suffrage
Social- Women were leaders of several reform efforts such as temperance and abolition.
Economic- Women worked in textile factories in the NE
17. Describe the historical development of the abolitionist movement.
Quakers and those influenced by Great Awakenings Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe) and
Narrative of Frederick Douglass Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which resulted in the Mexican Cession
territory and fears that slavery would spread there.
18. Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including:
Education
Temperance
Horace Mann
Public
education
Religious and
women’s
groups
Ban Alcohol
Women’s
rights
Elizabeth
Cady Stanton
and Susan B.
Anthony –
end unfair
treatment of
women
Prison reform
Abolition
Labor
Dorethea Dix
Frederick
Douglass,
Harriet
Tubman,
William Lloyd
Garrisonend slavery
Labor Unions
Stop the
inhumane
treatment of
prisoners (8th
amendment)
End Child
labor, get a
minimum
wage,
improve
eworking
conditions.
Care of the
disabled
Dorethea Dix
Compassionate
care and
treatment of
people with
disabilities and
mental illness
19. Describe religious motivation for immigration.
Europeans came to America for religious freedom; Mormons settled in Utah to practice their faith
20. Describe religious motivation and influence on social movements (temperance, abolition).
The Second Great Awakening led to a renewal of religious faith and Americans began to believe they could act
to make things better
21. Describe developments in literature such as transcendentalism.
Movement in the mid-1800’s with core belief that spiritual state “transcends” physical state; Associated with
Ralphy Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman and Henry David Thoreau
22. Describe examples of American art from different eras such as the Hudson River School and John James
Audubon and how it reflects the Era in which it was produced.
Hudson River School— Landscape paintings of the Western United States during westward expansion
John James Audubon— Nature paintings, specifically birds and their habitats
23. Explain the effects of:
Cotton Gin- Led to growth of slavery in the south
Steamboat- Led to growth of industrialization by transporting raw materials and finished goods
Interchangeable Parts- Led to growth of the factory system
24. Compare the following inventions with modern invention that has a similar effect:
Railroad: Metro rail Improves transportation
Telegraph: Internet  Improves communication
Steam engine/power: _____________  _____________
25. Analyze how technological innovations such as interchangeable parts changed the way goods were
manufactured.
Goods were able to be manufactured faster, in larger numbers and standardized