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9
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.6
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.7
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.(tJ'1,tnr.m ':J) iUl" N'\vlil 10:J ,tJ'l"N ,»1,m :tJ'~'l'P
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.tJ'1'1!l/tJ'\v'1~
:~
2% tJ'Nl\Vl 4% tJ'P"1 94%
.l1»Y.lilY.l m1nN
m~1N
51 °lr, l"i11N 49%
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l~Y.l
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l"N
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66% : 66 - 70 nl\V '1'"
34% : ,50 - 65 nl\V '1'"
m1nN nPl1»Y.l nll'1tJ "",
l"711t-i '1'"
tJ,,:J
:1l»l '1m' 11lm
30%
18%
22%
'1'71' 11lm N??
26%
23%
24 'Yo
p\vN1 tJ1' '\V 'O"71'l
15%
40%
28%
29%
19%
26~;(1
tJ'1m' p:J'm '11'0' 'O"n'l
100%
100%
100%,
Total
m~1N '1'" .tJ"1il~71 1nN '£1'0 n'll 1tJ' tJiltJ "1~
ll' ':Jil 1'Ol .ml~ '1ln'
11)m
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10
'1H1' 1U'" O})
'1m' 1U'" N~~
O~':l
N= 241
N= 61
N=302
13%
0%
11%1
o't):lm""N
28%
21%
2(i'i'0
O'l'''l't))lj?
2%
2%
2%
O'''t)'l''~j?''''t)'j?'
19%
9%
17'Yo
O'Y.)"O'
5%
6%
5°;;1
O""N
4%
8%
5%
o,t ~N' O':l"V N'
8%
21%
11%
0""1 N'
21%
33%
23°,{,
'l'Vil N~
100%
100%
100%
:l"ilt)
..
N~:l OY.)~})
_--._----
-
O"'1mil ,,})V 1l'Vil\!) il~N 1lny') .1,m il'i1 0""1 o~Y.)'r~ "l:l~'"\!)il ~}) O'l'\!)Y.)il "Y\!)
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N=3R2
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9%
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50%
36%
47'10
10%
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]0%
100%
100%
]00%
.(.3 "',) 0'l1'IVMn
N=301
N= 85
N=3R6
- -._._-------------
_.. .....
19%
56%
2R%
53%
27%
47%
24%
12%
4%
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4 01
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100%
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- - - - - : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _... _...- ._._-_.._--_._------
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nU:1n ,,»W .:1"n'N 'i',' ,0'Pll' ,23 - 18 'N"):1 O"'»~ :Ol,'l Oil "l',H" 'lO"Hl o'onnw~n
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n'l:>nll
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13
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1:J ,» "'»i11 ,"1'1N",'V n'l:miln p,n tl'1mnil ,'''Uil ',nNn il:l' p~" m»'l'V tl'!lnn'Vt.m 1»':Jil n":Ju'nil
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P
U:l:J .ill' iln'il 1!l'1N:J il'i1'Viln n''':Jil tlnNlil'V
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n1'~"'n
n",,'»on nm:u 1'~' n1V':1W, n'l:m:n 10',H:1 D",W D':1"'" 1':1 ,wpn
),,, mn'Vni11 m'?:l:l) ;il~"n = 3 ;'m':l = 2 ;il~1'n N' = I
.4 n"
:l'm'n:J ,:J"1:J ,lil tl'ln'Vnil ''V n",uupil
(il':JUl ':l1ill"~' n,nN
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p
Pearson's R
N
.000
0.25
1M
l!l'1N:J nm\!mn ilNlil
R7% = 3 ; 9% = 2 ;4% = 1
.000
0.22
363
n'l:Jn:l tl'!lnmmil
4R% = 3 ;37% = 2 ;15% = 1
.000
0.29
:V)3
n~:Jn:ltl~nn'Vnil'!lOn
7()fX, = 3 ;20% = 2 ;10% = 1
.000
0.32
361
tl"1'Uil ':J"1n
Molt, = 3 ;26% = 2 ;10% = 1
.000
0.39
:'64
tl'~l1nm
tl',mil
60% = 3 ;33% = 2 ;7% = 1
.000
0.30
327
n"~:l
tl',nN tl''VlN
59% = 3 ;34% = 2 ;7% = 1
.000
0.43
165
,"Uil " n N
R2%=3 ;14%=2;4%= I
.000
0.41
3(jO
n'l:Jnil '1il"
57% = 3 ;30% = 2 ;13% = I
14
Y':l'i':l1 "N'\!1':l n'''N1Ui'''Ul'Nl n'n",'n il'l1n, n'l,n:l nl0nn\!1il .2
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UN 5 'tm n"l
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;')1)'l = 2 ;il~"Y.l N' = I :1'm?1:> ,:J"1l .1il O'ln\!>Y.lil ,\!> n1"U"im
.(il'l"l 'l1il P'~' mnN )"1 mn\!>Y.li11 i11'Y.ll) ;il~"Y.l = 3
.m'1)?Onilil ,\!> 'i'0'N 0,:J''OY.l 'li'nY.l 100%
P
Pearson's R
N
.000
0.47
:159
Tl'Onn\!>il i11\!>O'N lO?'Nl il'il\!>il
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25%=3;41%=2;33%=1
.000
0.32
:In 1
mOTlTl\!>il i11\!>O'N 10"Nl il'il\!>il
l"Nil 'In'l O"""l
nO% = 3 ;29% = 2; It % = 1
.000
0.22
:l47
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41°/.,=3 ;46%=2 ;13%= 1
-----------
'l"l'i'l' "N'\!1'l '1m' \!1mm n\!11nn .3
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P'
l"l'i'l
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,»
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.il'» ,Ol" 'l)? ,m'il'il
15
n,':;,u'nn n"'~'"on" nm:u 1'''' n'''':1\!.1~ yl:1'i':11 ~N'\!.I':l "1:'1'n \!.Im",n n\!.llnn 1':1 '\!.Ii' .6 n'~
l'l1 Mlrwmm ;n",l) ;mZ11tl = 3 ;'lU'l = 2 ;mZ11tl N' = 1 :l':m'1:J ,Y1l ,Tn tJ'm\!mn ,\!) l1l',u"i'n
.(n'l"l 'l1n l'l~' 11,nN
.11l'u'nrmn ,\!) 'i'nlN tJl:J'tm 'li'"tl 100%
P
Pearson's R
N
.000
0.25
J55
p~'n
"1Y'l\!) "tl'l nm\!)tlil
,N'\!)'l '11n' \!)ltl'tl l1\!)lnl1
34% = 3 ;42% = 2 ;24% = 1
.000
0.32
355
l'll'i':J. '1m' \!)ltl'tl l1\!)lnl1
27% = 3 ;34% = 2 ;39% = 1
.000
0.37
339
1!)'1Nl '111n p'tJln 111:l'N
39% = 3 ;34% = 2 ;27% = 1
.000
0.25
:'63
"'l:Jl1n mli'YJ l111n'n ,Y Y1'
26% '111' ill'il .3 ;51°;') ,m' 11~i'.2 ;23% '"l' Y11' N'.l
16
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(1)
(2)
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+
•
17
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'tm
m, ")
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t!l~n6 j1'ilWilt.) ilNlilil n1't.) ,y 'll'n l!l1Nl ,ilY'!lWr.l np:Ju'nn m""Y!lilr.lll~' mY'lW
ilr.ll,nil nW1nn, .l"l'i'l O"'Y~ O'i'''' Oy onn'lnil 0"Wi'iln1m Nli1 1t ilNlil ,y Y'!lWr.lil ~'O1l "l'i1 .(7
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oy 1Nl N?'» o'!JnnWr.lil n~l:li'l .il"YlY.> 1N nr.l'l'Or.l ilY!JWil mllYl
.ni'nllY.> nY!lwn m o'U, W' '1li1'i1 Yi"il "Yl 'l)?W nY\!il l!J"Nl il'i1Wl'lr.l OTlNlil '1l'l 'l), myr.lwr.l
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mmw 'r.l
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O"'Y~ 0» onmlnil O"Wi'? P? .N~1r.lil l"N? 1l1VJl ",:m? Tl'l:JTlil ?» 'I"?):)il? plY.> il'i1' 0) 1!J?1Nil):)
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n,',,'vo, n'~'!l'i'n n!l'!ltm nvown .7 n"
'1li1' 111m '?Yl
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O":J
N=279
N=73
N=352
Beta = .24
Beta= .26
"?Tl 'T1?l mTlVJr.l
1l~'
mY'lW
n':lll'n m"Y!lt.)
Beta = .26
Beta = .23
i'illlY.> N?
i'illlY.> N?
R sq.= .12
R sq.= .10
F eqn.= 20.0
F eqn.= 7.4
Beta = .12
R sq.
mllYl ilr.ll,n nwmn
=.n
F eqn. = 28.0
WN'l ,l!l?1Nl nli1Wilr.l nNliln 1r.l:J ,N'il 0) nY!JW1r.l N~1r.ln 'I"N, OlW)l Tl'):Jnil ,y 'I"'r.lil' nUl:llil
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'TlWl 77% :J) '1li1'il111'nil ','On l'i'l till '1li1'il111'nil "Yl l'i'l 1n ililll~ n'l:JTlil ,y 'I"'r.lil? TlUl:))ilW
18
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"tm
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Yi"
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n"::lnl'l
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",i1' 1'lm
N"
N=276
N=74
Beta = .25
i'i1lll'l N'
Bcta= .26
P:ll, n1»'l\!.)
n':Jll'n nl"»Or.l
Beta = .16
i'ill1l'J N'
Tkta= .17
tJ» ,,,'In '\!.)i'
tJ"~1ll'J
i'illll'l N'
i'ill1l'J N'
Beta:::: .11
tJ"ln
'nll "i"l
tJ"'»:ll tJ'i''''
i'illlr.l N'
Beta = .31
i1tJl,nn\!.)lnn
il'T'l»l
R sq.= .09
R sq. = .09
F eqn. = 13.4
F cqn. = 7.4
R ~q.:= .1 ()
11 eqn. ==
1~.4
'.' _ _ _
n'l!)nl'l
"''''''_~M
'V Y',,,i1, nm!),m 10"":1 i1'l'1\!.1i1" l'INli1' ''''\!.I':11 V':1'j7:1 "ti'l'l'I \!.IUl't3i1 n\!.l1nn 1'!1 b"\!.II'" .2.l
n\!.)lnn ?tJ'lO"Nl tJ'onn\!.)l'Ji1 l'i'l ''Tm' \!')ll'l'tJ ,\!.) i1\!)lnn 1"l'i'll 'N'\!.)'l i1'i1\!)i1 il':ll' tJNil
n\!.)1nn ,'''' 191Nl1 ''T1il' 111'n tJ» 1»'~i1\!') il'N l'i'l ,n1' ilml~ ,1'1l'i':1
Till
'N'\!)':1 til ,''T1il'i'l \!')1l'J'Y.lil
.(9 m,) l"l'i'l\!) 1m n:lli'r.ll i1ml~ 'N'\!.)'l 'i1il'il \!.)ltJ'Y.lil
19
Y'l'i'l' "N'~'l "1M' ~'n", n~'nn .9 m;
1U'" 0»
'1m' 1'3m Nih
0"::>
N=252
N=74
N=360
,N'IV'l '1m' IVm'n TlIVmTl
24%
26%
24°/',
1Nn/i1,,»n n1ml
41%
49%
42%
Tl'lU'l n1'Y.ll
35%
25%
33%
1Nn/i1l' n1ml'
100%
100%
100%
l'.'l'Pl '1m' IVm'Y.l TlIVmTl
41%
38%
39%
31%
42%
34%
28%
20%
100%
."
0'
20
100%
100%
N=283
N=74
N=357
Chi sq. = 23.8
Chi sq. == 20.S
Chi sq. = 39.8
D.F.16 ;Sig.O.09
1).1'.12 ;Sig.n.06
D.F.16 ;Sig.O.OO
Pearson's R = 0,22;
Pearson's R = 0.45;
Pearson's R = 0.30;
Sig.O.OO
Sig.O.OO
Sig.O.OO
.,>
N=281
N=74
N=355
Chi sq. = 24.6
Chi sq.= IR.9
Chi sq. = 31.2
D.F.16 ;Sig.0.07
D.F.12 ;Sig.O.09
D.r.16 ;Sig.O.Ol
Pearson's R = 0.22;
Pearson's R = 0.26;
Pearson's R = 0.23;
Sig.O.OO
Sig.O.OI
Sig.O.OO
.
.( 13,12 tlm,,)
__ _--_
.
............ __..
__ .. _- - - - - - - - -
7J
N'-:157
Chi sq. = 40.2
Chi sq.::.::. :B.2
Chi sq . == 63.9
D.F.161 ;Sig.O.OO
D.F.12 ;Sig.O.OO
D.F.l6 ;Sig.O.OO
Pearson's R = 0.19;
Pearson's R = 0.42;
Pearson's R = 0.23;
Sig.O.OO
Sig.O.OO
Sig.O.OO
N=284
21
....
N::.~
N=282
N= 7:~
N=355
Chi sq. = 29.2
Chi sq. = 16.:\
Chi sq. = 37.4
D.F.16 ;Sig.0.02
)).1'.12 ;Sig.O.2
D.F.16 ;Sig.O.OO
Pearson's R = 0.20;
Pearson's R = 0.24;
Sig.O.OO
Sig.O.02
Pearson's R
Sig.O.OO
------.-
.
Tll,n'l tl'1l'IVjm tl'"nm tl'!IT1T1'IV~n 1l'IV' l"l'j.ll' 7N1'IV'l ',m'n \Vmmn TI\VlnTl Tlllj.l»l tlNn
22
= 0.20;
N=237
N=67
N=307
"mp 'O"il':J.:J. m,'po
60%
68%
1HlJ/m'YlJ i11'lJ:J.
23%
15%
n'lU':J. i11'n:J.
17%
17%
17'Yo
100%
100%
100%
1HlJ/i1:J.1 i11'n:J.
n"ilp:J. n'n':J.1lnil
m,'yo
46%
39%
45%
1HlJ/i1"YlJ i11'n:J.
33%
38%
34%
n'lU'l i11'nl
21%
23%
21%
1HlJ/i1l1 i11'nl
100%
100%
100%
Y'il'O
'?H1\v' })m7 C'HJ'
56%
66%
24%
15%
20%
19%
20%
100%
100%
100%
58%
1Ht.l/i1"Yt.l i11'lJ:l
11l'n 0»
',m'
24
N=255
N=69
N=324
23%
7%
51%
19%
100%
26%
4%
44%
26%
100%
24%
6%
50°/..
20%
100%
4%
5%
57%
34%
100%
6%
4%
46(%
44%
100%
5%
5%
54%
36%
100%
44%
4%
43%
9%
100%
48%
0%
39%
13%
100%
45%
3%
42%
10%
100%
36%
4%
41%
19%
100%
26%
3%
37%
34%
100%
34%
4%
40%
22%
100%
43%
3%
38%
16%
100%
54%
0%
34%
12%
100%
45%
3'%
37°1.,
15%
100%
n'O):ln n'll 'Pl'
N'
'l»l1') nnmo i11'1')l ,p
'l»' ntll' lO'Nl1N ,p
'l»l1') ,n" ,p
:>/lnt>
0"1m' o'~n ~m?
N'
'l»l1') nnmo n"1')l ,p
'l»' ntll' lO'Nl1N ,p
'l»l1') ,n" ,p
:>/In'O
n"v:> ,mv,
N?
'l»l1') nnmo n,ml ,p
'l»? ntll' lO'Nl 1N ,p
'l»l1') ,n" ,p
:>/lnt>
nlV ,m'IV?
N?
'l»l1') nnmo i11'1')l ,p
'l»? ntll' lO'N:11N ,p
':1»:11') ,j'lP ,p
:>/lnt>
o',m' 0» p, v"on,
N'
'l»l1') nnmo i11'1')l ,p
'l»' iltll' lO'Nl1N ,p
'l»:11') ,n" ,p
Y'n'O
"1:1'~l'l tl1nn:1 n'11l'l' n1"'VO" nm:n
.,V "N'\!I':1 '11l'l' \!I1nm nvo\!ll'l .16 n1"
~1m~ U"il~ll
N=290
Beta = .22;
f eqn. = 14.2;
R sq.= .05
N=227
Beta = .24;
f eqn. = 13.3;
R sq.= .06
»"U, .1
:0'1:)
:~11l'l~ 1u~n
0»
'N'\!I~ l»r.>' 01Nl, .2
N=296
Beta = .22;
f eqn. = 15.2;
R sq. = .05
:0":>
N=232
Beta = .20;
f eqn. = 10.0;
R sq. = .04
:'11l'l' 1U," 0»
N=64
Beta = .29;
feqn.= 5.6;
Rsq.=.OR
:'1m' 11)'n N""
nUl:>il n'll 'i'l' .3.
N=315
Beta = .29;
f eqn. = 29.0;
R sq.= .09
N=250
Beta = .. 29;
r eqn. = 23.4;
Rsq.=.09
N=65
Beta = .29;
fcqn. = 5.4;
R sq.= .OR
:0":>
:~11l'l' 1u~n
0»
:'11l'l' 1u~n N""
0"1m' o'm ~m, .4
N=316
Beta = .33;
feqn. = 37.1;
R sq.= .11
:0'1:>
N=251
Beta = .35;
f eqn. = 34.0;
R sq. = .13
:'1'il' 11)'" 0»
N=65
Bcta= .27;
feqn. = 5.0;
R sq. =.07
:'1m' 1u'n N""
,m\V, .5
nl\v
N=314
Beta = .23;
feqn.= IR.O;
R sq. = .05
N=250
Beta = .20;
feqn.= 10.7;
R sq. = 06
N=64
Beta = .39;
feqn.= 11.1;
Rsq.=.IS
:0":>
:~11l'l~
:~1m'
0~1m~
25
11)'n 0»
111'M NIh
0» i" \v~!lil' .6
N=302
Beta = .22;
f eqn. = 15.0;
R sq. = .OS
:0'1:>
N=239
Beta = .23;
feqn.= 12.8;
R sq. = .05
:'11il' 11)'" 0»
np"l'~ ,nm'V np"'l'!l l'~l' n'lPn nm:)) 'l)"
'l'Om '1l'J ''l!J1:J 'H'W'l "1:1'l'1 wmmn nwmn,
ni'ill1t.) ill'!l'Vil ''':J l!l'Hl ,'H''V'l '11:1'il 'Vm'tlil n'Vmn, .0'!lnn'Vtlil ,:J ,'I!J n11il'l m"'Vi'il m''V'H'
il'il'Vm i11'tll ,'1m' 1'i" H" 'l").il'V O'!lnn'Vtlil n~'li' .'1m' 1'i'1 01' 11"m'I!J il'H '1' O'tlmn ,m'l
'i'l' ,'H1'V' 11'tl' O'NJ' ,nl'V
,m'V, nm::JJ nNlJtl
1t il'Vmn ,'1m' 'l!Jm'tl ''V il'Vmn, ntl1m 'N''V'l
.( 1() m,) 0"1m' o'm ).m" nOl::Jil n'll
n'Vmn ''VNtl nm!l n11il'l m"'Vi'il m"l'!l l"~'l' nm::Jl nNlltJ l"l'i'l '1m' 'VltJ'tl n'Vmn
il'l')')1 0"1m'il c'mil '1' ,ltJ'V, nm::Jli1 nN i11",tl l"l'i'l '11i1';1 'l!JltJ'tlil n'I!Jmn ! 'N''V'l '1m'il 'VltJ'tlil
n'ml1mil m"l'!l' nm:»il 1l,tl " ilN1) .'1m' l'P1 Cl' rv'mtv il'N :l1i'l m1tv, ,ltJtv, nm'li1 nN
.n''V'N 'N n"'l'~ - n'1m' il"l'!l' nm,) "l'l' ltJ~l' l"l'i'l '1m'i1 'l!JltJ'tlil ntvmn ntl1m N' il,'ilPl
.( 17 m,) ',',tv Nm '1l'l C"i" il1'tll
n"':l'~' n'W'H n"1:1' nt"'V!J" n1l1!))
'V yt:l'i'l '11:1' wmm nV!Jwn .17 nt"
C"1m' c'm :nn, .1
N=251
Beta = -.15;
fcqn.= 19.0;
R sq. ==.D
N=294
Bcta= .19;
f eqn. = 11.0;
R
N=232
Beta = .21;
:'1'il' 111'n Cl'
sq. = '()4
f eqn. = 1O.();R sq. = .04 :'1m' 1u'n Cl'
"m1tv:J"il 'i'm '1' 1ltJ'V' .4
N=312
Beta= .21;
f eqn. = 13.();
R sq. = .04
N=248
Beta = .24;
f eqn. = 15.0;
R
~q. =
.05
----------------------------------.-,-------------------m).otl il'il'I!Jil '1'1!ll iltl1n iltll1 C'!lnntvtlil 11").il 1tl'1' ,0"1m' O'1'I!Ji'n::l ,m)!J~il tiltl ,nl'::J i'11ll
.il'N :r"'!J~ 'l!Jm'tl' l"l'i'l1 l!J',Nil
26
?'O'031\!nt3m n,m; lO;Uotl'1 n;,"nl n"o~l'1 nt3' 1'3 'D'''!lI1l'1 'Dl'1t3 .1
N"P.2 ; »1" N' "'.1 :1l'1 nmvr.m ,V n"1U"pn 'VN' 4.:1 , 2.9 :n ilJ»l".r1l»1l n»'1' '\!.l »~lY.lnn
n,,',v '»l.7 ; lm:" N"p.6 ; 'l"'V 'l,n.5 ; n",vo nn'v ,m, 'mon.4 ; 1l1n N' IN p1n.:1 ; pln N'lN
n»','
»~lY.ln
"
llN~n
on, nm ,N,V n,N, 'l»l ',m' l11'n on, n'il\!.l n?N pl ilN"vnl .n!J\!)l nN?n
:n n,» n"l»n n»',' »~lY.ln n'lvn
n~'lpl
"'Nl 4.3 :, 2.2 :Y.l il'» '1m' »P1 N" o'!mn\!.lnn 7'V n"l»n
l'l'n O'l»l l'1'n N'V n'N l'Pl 1m'nl IN 0'" '~N n"l»il
m",' nn1 nN'»il' o,n 10',Nil.4.4
:, 3.1
.'"n'
5 - 1 ,V O"Ol 4.0'V »~lY.ln) n1nll) ,'n on'npO~1 'N'V'l On"il~;t.2}l!~~lY.l'tl N1~Y.l' 10'~\!.l il?N
'VN:I .(3.1 ) n'l1l'l nn'n ",l'1'l'1 VlY.l'tln nVlnn ;»Hl1,(1NY.l ilnl1)
npo~
nn,n n1',' n,n ',m'n l11mn '10n
n1',' :n'lvn
n~1lpl1
n~llp1
:':1
UN~Y.l
n'o~
,\!) n'1u"p
m"~t3
5 '\!.IN:I
011»1 '1m' l11m ',on, "»l 1'1 U"\!.ln
(2.96 :, 3.9 - Y.l n1'1') ?N1V'1 il'il\!)il n11p»::1 n'lU'::1 '1m' \!)lY.l'Y.l n\!.llnn' nnll)
;N'V' 0» n'1,'n 'N lmn n1»l1ln ,N'V'l '"n' \!.llY.l'Y.l '::1)' mnl:n
n'n\!.ln ,nN' .m1V n1N'~Y.lnl ,nNY.l nt3'lOn n1'nl n'N
.'!J'~V
n"o~
n1'0~
"n 0'''' .3.1 :, 4.0 :n
0'1'''lY.l 1'1N1 o"n .m'1r.ln ,V n'~t"N"'N1
nr.ln mn!J 1N "\!.l!JN 'N'\!.l'l ',m' \!.llY.l'r.l ':l n»1' o'!mnvnn In:lll 'N'\!.l'l
5 - 1 7'V O"Ol 3.8 '\!.l »~lY.ln) mnll) ,m on'np!J~l
l"l'P,;l_~J)~i}~_:l__ ~.1Jil~~m-'Q N1~r.l' '!J'~V
0) 1:1 .2.74 :n'm'l '1m' VlY.l'tl '\!.l ilVlnn nnm '»1!Jl - ('Nn nnl:ll
nt, nm1 'I"l'Pl ',m' \!.llY.l'n 'l)'
np!J~n
n'!J~
J\!.l n'1U"p
n'N
m"~Y.l
5 1\!)N:I
pl 1»!Jn .01l»l '1m' lum '10n, '?»l pl ml\!.l'il 1\!)!'O
nN~r.l
.n'lll'l ',m' VlY.l'n nVlnn '»;Ol1 'I"1'P1 '1m' \!.llY.l'tl' 0"::1 l'Pl nml) n'!J~ - 7Nl\!)'l\!)
'1'0l "'N' nl' n1'tll pv O",lO "n l!J"Nn n,mnl O''IV)N ~~ln_'_9_~:?J.~~~'" 1lY.lN l"l'i?ll ONil
.(1Nn nl1 n1'nl = 5 n'1U"p :n"1U"p 5 II 0710l 2.92 '/ :1.% n i11'1' ) nr.l'lOr.l i11'r.ll P1 lo'/1Nn
.O'l»l '1m' 1um ',on, "»::1 p n11'1>'il 1\1>N:J ,'npnil mr.ll1 mN~m
il'n\1>n ,\!) no1pnn 1\!)r.ll nn,» n',mm n'"nn ?'IV l1.Pt::l11;ljl_llW,Um 0'tl1'Pil
'1m' lu'n n'il
N''IV
O'N~r.lr.ln
nm»,
il'N .(1Nr.l ill1 i11'tll = 5 '\!)N:l n"1"mp :) p O'/lOl )4.1l:) '/ :1.9 :r.l 'I"l'Pl1 '/N1\!.l'l
1u'n "»l .(n"'l) mpnllY.l) 1010l 3.69 :, 10"Nil n,mn::1 :1.47 :r.l On')'»l nn,» m1n'n nPt:l1r.l 01l»1
,(pn1lY.l) 4.15 :, 4.00 :r.l n',» :',m'
'I"l'Pl1 'N1'IV'l n'n'IVn - n'tJ1m n1l'IVn Oil''IV n'1m'n n'mn'IV n\1»'il 0» 1»'m 1'IVN ,0'"O')!)"Nn
'1m' n"n'/ ':J l'IVn'IV O'l»l '1m' 1u'n ,\1>:J,
N,\1>
n'N ::1'P::1
i1t N~nY.l
'm»Y.l\1>r.l 1npr.ll .ilmN npt'n '1N
.nl1\!.ln'lt n\!)lnn mOil 'N1\!)'1 ilm\!)il m::1p»llN '::1'1 'lU'l n1'N1 ::11\!)n
27
It n'l2)~'n n~pY.>l
':> ON
i11',m ,N''I2)'l n'n'l2)n '?tJ'1m', 'ml,m !JD" i_:>'Y.> n'l2)y'>'I2)y'> ,N''I2)' ONn
n1'Y.>l = 5 ; m',u"p 5 II O"Ol 4.27 - ,
4.36 -
111'nn "»l .,,'Nl n'n'l2)n mlp»l lln'l2)n N"
Y.> i11',') nl' i11'Y.>l i:1'Y.> n'l2)y'>'I2)y'> N'i1'12) O"'lO 0":> 1"1»
mi11l~
.( 4.3)
n~p1
'l»l O~ 1'l2)n ,O":>l '1m'n111mn "»l1 ,0'1:>
1'12):>, N,'I2) n'N l'Pl 'P'»l
n'l~ It
n'l2)lnn 0'1N
pn on'np!J~ - '1m' 11)'n on, l'N'I2) n'N .(1NY.> nl'
n~pY.>l
?J~'N
,O~'N
P' '1"\!) (4.4) nm'l~ n"!l~ 0» ,»'m '1m'i1
nnn',
m1n',
i}1l~7_"PY.>
ilm~~
nllnY.> ,N''I2)' ONn
'1PY.> n'l2)y'>'I2)y'> ,N''I2)' ':> 01':> ,m'
O»'~nl
(1NY.> nl' .i11'Y.>l 5 1» N,,,:> :),'12) O,10l 3.7) n:J.., i11'Y.>:J. 1:1 O"'lO 1'n O)y'>N'I2) 'l»l '1m' 1'3'n
n'n'l2)n
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1'n n'1m'n i111pln
'l~' ,n1'!J~n
.(4.0) V'Nl or"il\!) mlp»l
Olnnl Oi1'n1'O~ ':> o'onn'l2)Y.>n o''I2)n 1"1» o"pY.>n l"l .nY.>'mn i11'n:J. n,N
mOlnn ,'12) »P' ,» J1lllY.>
It
n'l~ ~N li
n"o~
n'l2)lnn 1N n~'N
lln'Y.> Vll'Pll ,N''I2)'l
i11',' .n'nnnn n1'pll'l2) 1m n:1lY.>l 1\!)lY.>'Y.> n1'Y.>'I2) nl'Y.>' ' I2)Y.>Y.>nn '1m'i1
mlp»l nn,» 0'Onn'l2)Y.>nl1' l'Pl n'1m'n nmin nPi:>'Y.> n\!)lnn .( 1988 ,Mitte1berg ") n,:>lY.> N, n'llnl
1'1l'Pl j""nn
.O~'N
m,n',
i111N~'
"PY.> i1lmY.> ,N'\!)''I2)
n\!)~'nil
pl n"l»n n»',' ,'N''I2)'l n'i1\!);,
.O'l»l '1m' 111'n N" n~'N 1»');,'12) n,N? 'i"»l ,'m»Y.>'I2)y'> 101Nl ,nY.>,n ,N''I2)'l1
n,N' '"1 1'1l'Pl 10'1Nl o'onn'VY.> }'l
O~
1N:> Unl\!) O'''l'iln omN ':>l ,0"1:1n
1N~Y.>'
ONn
?o"n1 N' 0'~1l'Pl 0'lO'1Nl 10nn'l2)n'l2)
18
D"n, N' D'~1:1'j7:1 D'lO'1N:1 10nnWnW n'N' "l"N" n'l:m
' Ill 'n, y1:1'j7:1 lO'1N:1 D'onnw~ 1':1 nNnwn .il
"l"N" n'l,n:1
:lO"N '''0» D'onnw~n n1~,onn
N
=
97
:'n11"l'p
N :-: 295
:c"n1 N' C'~1l'i'
N = 392
:c'",
i1Nn\vi1 - '1li1'
c"n1 N' C'~1l'i'
,"11'1l'i'
0'"
24%
17%
22'1.,
25%
20%
24%
29%
25%
2R%
22%
3R%
2()'Yo
100%
100%,
100%
Yi"
'11il' l'l'n N"
P\vN' C1'
~"ilnN
0'1m'
'\V 'O"il'l
'O"il'lC'tl' 5 ,3
P"nl '11'0' 'O"il'l
Total
pl O',,\Vtl ''VN' ,C',N .il'))m n')ll'l iltl'l '1m' 111'n ")):1 Oil "l"W n'l:ml o'!mn\Vtlil l1'
1))'~il'V o'!mn'Vtlil "))'V " 0'N1' 0"n1 N' 0'~1l'PlC')!:l"Nl O'!:ltln'Vtl, ,"1il 1',:1'P:1 l!:l',Nl O'!:lT1rwmil
.'n1il l":1'Pl l!:l',Nl il:1'ill ill:!" 0"1m'
29
11:J'nl '1m' U"il'l
'\V '1m' ))P' C))
N =225
N=77
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4%
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UN 1R nl'l
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I O()'Y"
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30
"v
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Beta = .21
Bcta= .26
Beta = .38
l'~'
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i'il:llY.) N7
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R sq.= .15
R sq. = .13
F eqn.= 13.9
F eqn.= 15.8
F cqn. = 2R.O
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F eqn. = IlA
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npil'\v nntl' ntl'l'Otl il"V il,n Oil':I:I' n'''il'il il'1li1il npt:l1tl 'l~) .n'm'l iltl1l O"p 'P':I'Pl O"llil'il
- '1l''.V
1m
N) m'il', ml'1ntll 0'11WPil O'lnWtlil 'NWl .1!l)'N) lJNlll
lJ~
lJ'!lnnWtl' l,wn il'il '1li1'
.n'1lil' ml'lntl 'W ililll)i1 iltl'il i11tlWl
O'lO"Nl tl'Onn'.Vtlil n~1:lp:I 'P'Vl n"lVil ntl' nN)Vil) ill' n1'tll ,01n lO)1Nil :1t i111pl 0''0)
illil'.Vil mlpVl ,,1'1 m~nlpil 'nWl nli1'l~ Pil 'P'l'Pl' 'N1W'l '1lil' Wltl'tl) n"!l~il .lJ"n, N' 0'~1l'Pl
n'l'1ntl .tl"'li1' 0"1Y lJW"tl, 'P'l'Pl lJ'N" l"'V 'n1 l'tPPl lil\!)W n?N ,nNt nmv, .'P'l'pl' ,N'W'l
tl"n, N' tl'~'l'Pl tJ')!I,'Nl tJ'!mn'.V))il il~'lPl 0:1 l' .nilll:l n1NW) N'n - lr il~'lPl ilmnWil N? m'il',
.(N~ltlil
39
m"tl7 ilP'tl il1'1" n'1li1'il n'li1il nl't"tll il')V 'l'r.»
D'!lllll.\!.)t:l 217
:"111N" ')!l71N
D'!lllll\!.)t:l 52
:D'1nN D')!l"N
:vp' '3nuUl
'1m'il 11l'nil llt.l1 :Nm D'1nN7 "P1W ')!l71N '!lllll\!.)t.l 1':1 D',1:1il 1N~t.l) 1:1 1'n'il »j?1il il)ll\!.)t.l
'1' 11ll '1'il' \!.)m't:l7 ""O~il .D'1nN D'lO"N:1 '11j1'il1ll'nilt:l »~mt:l:1 iliIl:1~ "l',N" '!lllll\!.)t:l ,\!.) lr ; D1:1»:1
'1071N:1 D'Ollll\!.)Y.lil :11j?:1 11l1' llml:1~ Pil tJ"1m' D"1» D\!.)"Y.l:J l":J'j?iI ll'O'!lll pl l":J'j?:J' 'N1\!.)':1 il'i1\!')il
llt.ll»7.D'1nN D')!l71N:1 D'!lllll\!.)t.l7 "111N" '!lllll\!.)t:l 1':1 il,N Dlnll:1 D"1:Jil 1N~t.l) N7 DPt,;, :17\!.):1 ."111W
:N:1il nl7:1 D')~m Dill D'll\!.)il D')!l"Nil '!lllll\!.)t:l 1':1 D1''Oil :17\!.):1 D'1nN D',1:1il 1N~t.l) ,llNt
lO,U-tn D1'0::1 D',nN, "l"t-t" 'Onn\!Ul 1'::1 D','::1M .30 n"
(T In:1t.l '!l '» D'»~mt.l1':1 1:17:1 D'j?i1:lmil D',1:1ilil D')~m)
111 j?il:1lt.l
-----------------++
3.7
4.2
l!l"N t:J1t:l p~1 1l1»':1\!.)
+
3.3
2.9
'll1nlP'Olil ll1:!'Nt:l p~' 1l1»':1\!.)
+
3.0
3.3
D"1m' D')n )In' nUl:!l
++
1.9
2.4
ll:1\!.) 1m\!.)' llUl:!)
+
2.3
2.0
ll'l:Jll:1 Tll!lllTl\!')il 1l1:1j?»:1 1l11il' '» »1'
++
2.8
2.6
Tl'):JTl:J ll1!lTlTl\lJi1 1l1:1j?»:1 Tl'1:1»:1 »1'
+
3.6
4.0
?1')'»:J ll1:1'\!.)n Tl'1m'il il'1m, DNn
++
4.2
3.7
1!l"~:J il'iI\!.)nt:l ilN~1ll:! Tl',:1» 1lt:l"
+
2.6
3.0
"~mj?'''l'~ 'l"~ Tl'»:J Tl'l:JTlJ Tl1!JTlTl\!')il
++
3.2
3.7
1!J"~:J iI'iI\!.)iI '1:J 11ll D""":1 Tll!lTlll\!')il
++
4.0
4.:\
ll'1:1»;' ll»'1' llt.l1
++
4.0
3.6
Tl'1:1»il '11»\!.)t.l P~1 lll»':1\!.)
p < 0.0 I '1:Jililll1j?iI:Jlt:l
40
*'" ; P
< O.OS : ,nilnll1j?i1:llt:l +
.tI',nN tI'l07'N 'Onmm7 ilNmVill »~m:ml "np l' '1m' l»\m tJ»
,»'m "1',N" 'l07'Nl tJ'onn'Vr.m
'»')il "1"N" 'onn'VY.l .tI',nNil tI.'l07'Nl tI'Onn'VY.lil 7'V mY.l Pill1Y.l 10'N:l il1:l~ il'il N7 n"l»:l tlil7'V »1'il
tlp"l n"O:llil nY.l'l tI'71lil 'N:llY.)) N7 .tI'l''Vil p"l'il ,» '1m' \V1Y.l'Y.l
':l~'
tI',nNilY.l mil1:l) npo:ll tI»
,10"Nl il'il'Vil n'lp»l '::3 11'»il "1',N" 'onn'VY.l ,nNt nm», .tJ'l'\vil tI'lO,'Nl tI'Onn'VY.lil l'l 10,'Nil
il'7'»Om n'l::3nl tI'''l'ilP P:ll'il n'»'l'V .nl'V ,1Y.l\v" tI"1'il' tI'm
~m,
tlnm:Jl iln,» 7N''V'l' f'l'Pl
'onn'lm l'Pl ,n" ilml) iln'il tI'7p"m np::3um np,,'»Oil '\V n"N1"p,m'N ilY.l' ,1071N t::3, :lU::3
0'l!:J71N '!:Jnn'.!m 7'» il7NY.l nmll) n'1m'il il'lmil nPt::31m "l"N" 'Dnn\VY.l 7\V n'1l»il nY.l' 7»'!:Jl ."111W
7'» n"l»il nY.l,m nnil' 7» l'»:J''» »1'ilY.l ,nm1il il'nnil m:PNY.l m':ll1 m»'l\V ,nNt 0» 1n' .0'1nN
'7»l tln"ill mlpY.ll:J7 ill'"m pn', 0'1nN 0'l07'Nl tI'Dnn\VY.l '\V 1m il:J1Y.ll iln'il "111N" 'lO,'N 'onn,»Y.l
O'lD,'Nl ilY.l"pnil\v n7 ilNn'»ill m,Y.)) m1il' 7» tlil'\v »1" n'l:mil '\V ilm1nil p" 1np ,'\V» '1m' »P1
.(30 m7) tI'1nN
41
f
I
I.
\1
42
il'!)nn~l'l ,~ '1m'il l'p1il 1~N il~'lPl 1p'l'l il~n1nil 1t il"l' .'N'~' nJ'1l'll ilnN:t n~mm o'!)nn~l'lil
." il'il
'l' ill"l~l'l 0'1nN O'l!)"Nl o'!)nn~l'l ,~ n1'p'l n~'lp, "11H·~" 'l!J"N '!)nn~l'l 1':1 ilNn~il
; l"l'Pl' 'N1~'l '1m' ~'l'l'l'l' np!)~il nl'l1l 1:" 0'1nNil pl' "11'w '!Jnn~)'J ,~ '1m'i1 l'p1l O"'lilil
1np 'P'!)il 0'1nN O'l!)"N '!)nn~l'l ,1!),'Nil O"t>l .1np ili11l:t ill'l1 11'N '!)nn~l'l' 0'1Pl'lil 'l~l
1np P~1 'l'l~ Pil "l1'N" '!)nn~l'l ,O,'N .n'1ll'il il!)~i11 nnil' 'l' l'1' ,~ omnl "l1'N" '!)nnn~l'll'l
m~1N' Ol'~l n'11il' n'~'N il'~l" onm'l iln,l' 1:>1 l!)"Nill'l ,n':mmil n'l:ml O'l'~ O'''l'ill'l 0'1nNill'l
,~ n'1m'il ml'ml'lil n1:1:til' P!lt> N" ,nl'l1," 'N1~'l l"l'Pl l!l"Nl il'il~:1 n'1m'il il",nil .m~~m
,n ml'ml'l npmnl'l '1m' l'p1 Ol' 'l":til 1~N O'!lnn~l'lil 'l:t' .01'p '1m' l'p1 N" 'l":til~ O'!lnn~l'lil
.'1'l'~i11 '~'Nil omn:1 m'''il' m""l'!l l'~l' ,1ll" ilNn~ill ,nm'lil il"l' ~N' " , 111l
ilN"~ill n1npl'l ml'l'l~l'l O"lpm
(Reisman 1990) 0'1nN o"pnl'l 'N~l'll'l O'~~'Nl'l il,N O'N~l'll'l
nmtil N~U:1 o'!)nn~l'lil ';Il' l!),'Nl il'i1~il nl'!l~il:1 "n'i1 1':1 "pt>l' 1~N (19RR) Mittelberg'~ "N~l'll'l Ol'
n'!mn~mil :1'V:1 n',m'il n':1'mtJil TI':1)il TlN:1ll'J In,'N:1 il'ilVil (7 P1!l ,n~) "
p"" Mittelberg TI',m'il
ml'mtJil TI'l:til, n1l'Pl'lil TI"U'n TI'l,n Tll'lVPtJ 'l ,1!l,'Nl '::I O'N'1 UN 1t ilI,ll'l .0N~m m~1N';I
,mN1":1 " ,Nll' n',,,' UN
P' .lO"Nil1'iltJl ,:1' n'1m'il nmm n~mn il1l:t Oil:1 O'''l'il Ol~' ,n'''il'il
,~ n'11il'i1 Tlmtil nN il"l:ttJ ,1"l'P:1 l!l"Nl "11'W n'l,nl '1U'l '1" ilNl N'i1~ '!l' n"N1~'il il'nnil "
.'''il'il Omnl "l'!)' O'!lnn~l'lil ,~ i1i11l:ti1 Onm::ll n:m, O:t nNt, il'!lnn~l'l
mt»' Tlll'J 'l' O')n,'Nil ,,:1 l"I1':>1l'nil TlPl'nil ,~ lm"N ,nN l'Pl'" 1'~l'lil' ~, TINt nl' ,n'
n'~'N' nl'~l n'''il' m,'l'!)' nnm'l' O'!lnTlVtJil ,~ n',m'i1 mmil ml:ti1 'l' 1nl'!l~il n1'l'l nN '!lV"
n":1Y ilniltJ In';l'N:1 il'nnil 'VN n",m' tl"'Y~ 'V il't>,';I:>1N:1 1:1,,)') '~N' ,mm:1 :1,vn m :1py)') .tlN~'tJ
.7N'~'l l"l'Pl ""'l "" i1Nl N'il~ '!J::I n'1m'i1 n"t>l'lil Ol' 0'1mm O'~:t!ll'lil ,nN nN
43
n'o,:n'''l'l rll:)'\!J'
Cohen, E. (1979) "A Phenomenology of Tourist Experience", SociQLQgy, Vol. 13.
Hochstein, A. (1986) The Israel Experience. Summary Report to the .Jewish Education Committee,
The Jewish Agency for Istael, Jerusalem.
Mittelberg, D. (1989) Strangers in Paradise. Transaction Books: New Brunswick, U.S.A. and Oxford
(U.K.).
Reisman, B. (1990) Informal Jewish Education in North America. Converted hy Mandel Associated
Foundations, JWB and JENSA in collaboration with C.JF, U.S.A,
Schutz, A. (1962) "Common Sense and Scientific Interpretation of Human Action". In: M. Natanson
(Ed.), Collected Papers 1: The Problem of Social Reali!),. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Simmel, G. (1964) "The Stranger". In: K. Wolf (Ed.), The
The Free Press.
44
Soci()lo~
of George Simmel. New York:
not"
:D""n D'lnwn n'w'~on n"':1'~ ,n',,;-,' n,,,,o, nm::))n 'l' 'N'W':1 ',m' w,n", nl'OWM .I n"
'1m' U"M'll »"U' .1
N =290
Beta = .22;
f eqn. = 14.2;
R sq.= .05
:0":>
N =217
Beta = .22;
f eqn. = 11.2;
R sq. = .05
:0"T11 N' O'~nl'j?
"11'N" T1'J:>T1' U"~' .2
N =222
Beta = .17;
feqn. = 6.9;
Rsq.=.03
:0"T11 N' O'~'l'j?
'N1\!.)' pm, O'NJ, .3
N =296
Beta = .22;
f eqn. = 15.2;
R sq.= .05
:0,,:>
N =221
Beta = .18;
feqn.= 7.5;
Rsq.=.03
:0"T11 N' O'~'l'j?
N =75
Beta = .33;
feqn. = 9.1;
R sq.= .11
:'T11 l"l'j?
-T1'1mm n"Mj?:J T1U::tl~_l'J T1'm:J1mn m,'»O' ~1"~n, .4
N =219
Beta = .19;
f eqn. = 8.2;
R 8q.=.04
:0"T11 N' O'~'l'j?
T1UJ:>n T1'll 1j?l' .5
N =315
Beta = .29;
f eqn. = 29.0;
R sq. = .09
:0":>
N =239
Beta = .31;
f eqn. = 26.3;
R 8q.= .10
:O"T11 N' O'~'l'j?
0"1m' o'~n ~m' .6
N =316
Beta= .33;
feqn.=37.1;
R 8q.= .11
:0":>
N =240
Beta = .36;
f eqn. = 34.5;
R sq.=.n
:0"T11 N' O'~'l'j?
N =76
Beta = .23;
feqn.= 4.1;
R 1'q.= .05
:'T11 l"l'j?
!~J"1\!.):>"n
N =236
Beta = .17;
feqn. = 6.6;
R sq. = .03
'mn ,» 11l'J'P' .7
:0"T11 N' O'~'l'j?
T1l\!.) 11l'J\!.)' .8
N =314
Beta = .23;
feqn. = nUl;
Rsq.=.OS
:0,,:>
N =238
Beta = .23;
f eqn. = 13. 7;
R sq. = .06
:0"T11 N' O'~'l'j?
0'1m' 0» j?1 \!.)~on' .9
45
N =302
Beta= .22;
f eqn. = 15.0;
R sq.= .05
:0',:>
N =228
Beta = .22;
f eqri. = 11.0;
R sq. = .05
:0''T11 N" O'~'l'j?
n~w~~n n~,,:a~~ ,n~1'n~
nc"V!)c, nm"n c,V Y'l'Pl '11M' \!.Ilt3't3 nV!)Wn .11 mc'
:tl",c,n tl',nWt3
NJ1'N" l1'l:m, o"~, .1
N =297
Beta = .22;
f eqn. = 14.R;
R sq. = .05
:D":J
N =75
Beta = .38;
f eqn. = 12.2;
R 8Q.= .14
:'T11 1"l'i'
'1m' ON;,'ll »"0' .2
N =73
Beta = .25;
feqn.= 4.6;
R sq.= .05
l1'11fl'il iJ2~ni2.:LlJ~"'H'!P 11~.ml11l1i1
46
N =294
Beta = .19;
f eqn. = 11.0;
R sq. = .04
N =75
Beta = .25;
f eqn. = 4.8;
R sq. = .06
:'T11 1"l'i'
m"ȣI' (""~i1' .3
:D'"
:'T11 1"l'i'
researcher when dealing with population of young Jewish people for whom the
experience at the ulpan serves as one of the only meetings with the Jewish
tradition as expressed on kibbutz in Israel.
of. the educational program, from the kibbutz experience itself and, finally, reported
a higher readiness for Jewish involvement when they return to their countries of
origin.
The Jewish experience of the Oren kibbutz Institute contributes, undoubtedly,
to stregthening the Jewish commitment of participants who arrived with no
previous Jewish background. As to
participants who arrived with some Jewish
background the commitment was strengthened, in most CClses, in comparison with
the past, as well as the readiness to contribute and perform .Jewish activities on
a personal and communal basis.
These findings strengthen the findings of previous research Mittelberg (1988)
which dealt with, among other things, the influence of the regular ulpan on its
participants on the subject of Jewish identity, which argued that the stay on kibbutz
ulpan predicts the strengthening of the Jewish commitment
primarily upon the
return of the participants to their countries of origin. Here it can be seen that in a
program, in which there is an educational program whose purpose and rationale
is to strengthen the Jewish commitment of its participants, there are aspects where
the Jewish commitment was already strengthened by the conclusion of the ulpan
itself. Therefore, we can predict, with a high level of confidence, that the Israeli
experience as it is presented in the "Oren" progr::lm on kibbutz, strengthens the
Jewish identity of its participants in situ, as well as generi1ting a high rate of
readiness to be active in the Jewish domain, on their return to their countries of
origin.
Nevertheless, the quality of the educational progri1ms should be supervised in
all ulpanim in order to try and improve the extent of their influence on the
strengthening of the Jewish identity of the participants and their readiness to
participate in Jewish activities when they return to their countries of origin. The
implementation of a follow up study is of utmost importance both for educator and
in the religious one, a fact which is most significant
population
when
dealing
with
the
with no Jewish background, which as result of their stay on kibbutz
Institute anticipate a higher participation in Jewish activities in comparison to their
own past, mainly with relation to celebration of Jewish holidays and observance
of the Sabbath.
Change over time
When we compared the expectations from Israel and the kibbutz in the Jewish
domain, at the beginning of the program with the extent of their fulfillment at the
end, we found that the participants arrived with a particularly high level of
expectations and as expected their degree of realization was lower than their
expectations when faced with reality. However, on some of the major dimensions
scores increased: knowledge of the Hebrew language increased mainly among
those who arrived with limited knowledge of the language and little or no Jewish
background. To those who had previous Jewish education the degree of centrality
of being Jewish in their own way of life and the sense of pride in Israel increased.
Among those who had no previous Jewish backgound these components assumed
great importance for them whereas before it had been less important to them.
Comparison with Controls
I
A comparison between participants of "Oren" Institutes with a group of
participants from other kibbutz ulpanim points out the differences in the Jewish
background of the participants of "Oren" and the others as well as the level of
expectations for Jewish fulfillment in Israel and on kibbutz; in both cases the
participants of "Oren" were on a higher level. At the conclusion of the ulpan, the
participants of control ulpanim reported a higher score than participants of "Oren"
in the area of knowledge about Judaism and of the Hebrew language. However, the
participants of "Oren" were more satisfied than the controls with different aspects
participants who have no previous Jewish education expressed satisfaction to a
great extent with the activities (68%), more so than the participants who had
previous Jewish education (46% - 59%). Approxiamtely a third of the participants
expressed a great sense of Jewish fulfillment as a result of the stay in Israel and
on kibbutz, regardless of previous Jewish education. The stay in Israel created a
sense of Jewish fulfillment mainly for the participants who had previous Jewish
education (76%) whereas the stay on kibbutz had a similar effect mainly on those
who had no previous Jewish education (62%). The readiness to live more Jewishly,
personally (to observe Shabbat, to celebrate Jewish holidays, to attend services in
synagogue, etc.) more than in the past, is present mainly among those who arrived
with no previous Jewish education (over a third), whereas, among those who
arrived with previous Jewish education the readiness did not incerase much (20%
- 30%). Although on some of the secular kibbutzim there is no obvious emphasis
on Jewish religious atmosphere, the educational programs, which include lectures
on Judaism, seminars and trips which take place both in the framework of the
kibbutz and throughout the country - all contribute together. to strengthening the
Jewish identity of the participants, to their feeling of Jewish fulfillment and their
readiness to live more Jewishly when they return to their countries of origin.
The educational programs on the secular kibbutzim - which are directed
towards Jewish enrichment from different experiential aspects than those on the
religious kibbutz - have also contributed to strenqthening the ,Jewish commitment
as well as the participants' knowledge of the Hebrew language. In addition, for the
population which arrived with no Jewish backgroumf, aspects of the kibbutz
experience per se are important as well, for example, the sense of contribution in
work and in social relationships with hosts, as predictors of pariicipant enjoyment
of the program. A strong sense of having achieved ,Iewish fulfillment in Israel and
on kibbutz, predicts readiness to contribute on a Jewish - communal and personal
basis, more than the participant had in the past, in several domains. Of particular
interest here is that this same relationship holds in the secular kibbutz as well as
The Kibbutz as an Educational Setting for Jewish Youth From Abroad
Summary
This evaluation examined the impact of Project "Oren"'s program on its
participants on several dimensions with special emphasis on the Jewish one. Does
the "Oren" experience on kibbutz (as well as in Israel) contribute to Jewish
commitment, the knowledge of the Hebrew language and to an increased readiness
to engage in Jewish community activities of Jewish youth from abroad?
The population in the "Oren" program is composed of young people, of whom
66% were born in the years 66-70 and the remainder in the years 50-65. Half are
from North America (49%) the other half from other western countries, and are
about equally distributed between the sexes (53% - women, 47% - men). The
majority of the participants have an intermediate level of .Jewish background,
acquired at Jewish day schools. However, amongst the youth there is also a large
percentage whose Jewish background is very limited, 22% have no Jewish
education at all and 24% have attended only Sunday school. While the youth have
come to the Institutes for various reasons, we have obviously chosen here to
concentrate on their educational expectations; did the educational experience have
any influence on the participants especially on those whose knowledge and level
of Jewish commitment is low. A difference amongst these participants is the kind
of Institute they chose to be part of: whether on a religiolls kibbutz or on a secular
kibbutz, since the background and motivation in the Jewish dimension is higher for
those who chose to be in an Institute on the religious kibbutz.
The findings of our evaluation research, during the years that the "Oren" project
has been taking place, show that participants that came with a limited Jewish
background are influenced in a positive manner by the educational programs
whether they take place on a religious kibbutz or on a secular kibbutz. The
UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA
The University Centre of the Kibbutz
The Institute for Research of the Kibbutz and the Cooperative Idea
THE KIBBUTZ AS AN EDUCATIONAL SETTING
FOR JEWISH YOUTH FROM ABROAD
David Mittelberg
Lilach Lev-Ari
September 1991
university of haifa
the kibbutz university center
the institute for study and research
of the kibbutz and the cooperative idea
THE KIBBUTZ AS AN EDUCATIONAL SETTING
FOR JEWISH YOUTH FROM ABROAD
David Mittelberg
September 1991
Lilach Lev-Ari
11 3