Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Lingua Inglese 2
Lecture 8 – Mock Test Correction
and Other Exercises
DOTT.SSA MARIA IVANA LORENZETTI
1
1
Exercise 1.
Describe the noun phrases in the following text, specifying a) the
HEAD and b) if they have PRE- or POST-MODIFIERS
The building was merely a Summer cottage, rendered
interesting to a stranger by its neat simplicity or the
beauty of the surrounding scene; and considerable
additions were necessary to make it a comfortable
family residence. St. Aubert felt a kind of affection for
every part of the fabric, which he remembered in his
youth, and would not suffer a stone of it to be removed,
so that the new building adapted to the style of the old
one, formed with it only a single and elegant residence
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Exercise 1 - Solutions
The (DET) building (HEAD) was merely a (DET) Summer
(PRE-MOD) cottage (HEAD), rendered interesting to a
stranger by its neat simplicity or the beauty of the surrounding
scene (POST-MOD); and considerable (PRE-MOD) additions
(HEAD) were necessary to make it a (DET) comfortable
family (PRE-MOD: value+function) residence (HEAD). St. Aubert
(HEAD) felt a kind of (PRE-MOD) affection (HEAD) for every
part of the fabric (POST-MOD), which he remembered in his
youth (POST-MOD), and would not suffer a (DET) stone
(HEAD) of it (POST_MOD) to be removed, so that the (DET)
new (PRE-MOD) building (HEAD) adapted to the style of the
old one (POST-MOD), formed with it only a (DET) single and
elegant (PRE-MOD) residence (HEAD)
Exercise 1 . Solutions in detail
The (DET) building (HEAD)
A (DET) Summer (PRE-MOD) cottage (HEAD), rendered interesting to a
stranger by its neat simplicity or the beauty of the surrounding scene
(POST-MOD)
* its (DET) neat (PRE-MOD) simplicity (HEAD)
* the (DET) beauty (HEAD) of the surrounding scene (POST-MOD)
considerable (PRE-MOD) additions (HEAD)
a (DET) comfortable family (PRE-MOD: value+function) residence (HEAD)
St. Aubert (HEAD)
a kind of (PRE-MOD) affection (HEAD) for every part of the fabric (POSTMOD), which he remembered in his youth (POST-MOD)
* every part of the (DET) fabric (HEAD), which he remembered in his
youth (POST-MOD)
a (DET) stone (HEAD) of it (POST_MOD) to be removed
the (DET) new (PRE-MOD) building (HEAD) adapted to the style of the old
one (POST-MOD)
* the (DET) style (HEAD) of the old one (POST-MOD)
a (DET) single and elegant (PRE-MOD) residence (HEAD)
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Exercise 2. Order of Adjectives
Racing old expensive car Italian red
Expensive old red Italian racing car
Vase round white ancient precious China
long
Precious long ancient round white China
vase
Ice-cold small milkshake strawberry red
delicious
Delicious small ice-cold red strawberry
milkshake
Exercise 2. Order of Adjectives (2)
French very well-known painting a/an
Impressionist
A very well-known French Impressionist
painting
Friend absolutely slim school my American
funny
My absolutely funny slim American school
friend
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Exercise 3. Phrase Type and HEAD
A white colonial villa by the lake
NP HEAD: villa
Absolutely wrong about it
ADJP HEAD: wrong
Should have been erased
VP HEAD: erased
Around the corner
PP no head
Quite strangely
ADVP HEAD: strangely
Exercise 4. Syntactic Structure and
Brackets
Two college students sent me an email after dinner
[S/MC[NP[DET Two][N(Adj) college][N students]] [VP[V sent]
[NP [N me]] [NP [DET an] [N email]] [PP [P after] [NP [N
dinner]]]]]
That man cannot read road signs without his
glasses
SVIODOA
SVOA
[S/MC[NP[DET That] [N man]] [VP[V cannot read] [NP [N
road][N signs]] [PP [P without] [NP [DET his] [N
glasses]]]]]
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Exercise 4. Syntactic Structure and
Brackets (2)
Every Sunday morning, Mary walks in the fields
outside the house
[S/MC [ADVP [DET every] [NP [N Sunday][N morning]]] [NP[N
Mary]] [VP[V walks] [PP [P in] [NP [DET the][N
fields]]][PP[P outside] [NP [DET the] [N house]]]]]
The theatre play starts at 8 pm
ASVAA
SVA
[S/MC [NP[DET the ][N theatre][N play]] [VP[V starts] [PP [P
at] [NP [QUANT 8][N pm]]]]]
Exercise 4. Syntactic Structure and
Brackets (3)
My friend considers this pair of shoes very
comfortable
SVOC
[S/MC[NP[DET My] [N friend]] [VP[V considers] [NP
[DET this pair of] [N shoes]] [ADJP [ADV very] [ADJ
comfortable]]]]
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Exercise 5. Adverbs Classification
She probably drives slow in that old Panda of hers.
They have happily lived on the island all their life.
Probably: EPISTEMIC; Slow: MANNER; in that old Panda
of hers: PLACE
Happily: MANNER; on the island: PLACE; all their life:
TIME (DURATION)
He takes the boat to the mainland every day for four
hours.
To the mainland: PLACE (DIRECTION); Every day:
FREQUENCY; For four hours: DURATION
Exercise 6. Simple, Compound, Complex
and Compound-Complex Sentences
I went to the store, because I was out of oil and
bread, but it was already closed and no-one else
was there.
He looked at her and she smiled to him.
COMPOUND-COMPLEX; Sub: reason clause
(because)
COMPOUND
Please give me your confirmation as soon as
you can, so that I can arrange everything for the
meeting.
COMPLEX; Sub.1: temporal (as soon as); Sub.2:
result (so that)
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Exercise 6. Simple, Compound, Complex
and Compound-Complex Sentences (2)
I cannot see a thing outside because of the
fog.
SIMPLE
If it is alright with you, I will come back at 6
pm.
COMPLEX Sub.1: conditional (if)
Exercise 7. TREE DIAGRAM
S/MC
Sub-cl
VP
NP
Sub-cl
VP
In order to
Det
Adj
N
Thatcompl
VP
V
NP ADVP
V
NP
NP
NP
N (IO)
N
V
N
The English man that called me yesterday gave me a present in order to thank me
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Exercise 7. TREE DIAGRAM
S/MC
VP
NP
Sub-cl
Det
V
NP
NP (IO)
Adj
Which
N
Det Adj
N
V
My old
VP
friend lent me a history book,
ADJP
PP
which was very useful for my studies.
More Tree Diagrams
The new book that I bought yesterday covers
many interesting topics.
I heard a noise, when you called me.
My friend bought an old cottage, which was
on a hill.
If it rains today, we won’t go for a picnic.
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Tree Diagram 1 - Solutions
S/MC
NP
VP
That-Cl
That - compl
Det
Adj
N
VP
NP
N
The
new
book
that
V
I
NP
V
Quant
Advp
Adj
N
bought yesterday covers many interesting topics
Tree Diagram 2 - Solutions
S/MC
NP
VP
N
V
NP
Det
When-Cl
WhenCompl
VP
NP
V
N
N
I
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
heard a noise,
when
you called
NP
N
me
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Tree Diagram 3 - Solutions
The Relative Clause is
attached to a NP
S/MC
VP
NP
NP
Det
N
V
Det
Adj
WH-cl
WhCompl
N
VP
V
My
friend
bought an old cottage,
PP
which was on a hill
Tree Diagrams 4 - Solutions
S/MC
VP
NP
If-clause
V
PP
N
NP
We
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
VP
If-compl
won’t go
for a picnic
If
it
V
rains
ADVP
today
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Functional and Formal Elements in a
Sentence
My old schoolmate sent me a postcard from
Paris.
TYPE: SV IO DO (A)
[MC [NP [DET My] [ADJ old] [N schoolmate]] [VP [V sent]
[NP [N (IO) me]] [NP [DET a] [N postcard]] [PP
[Prep from] [NP [N Paris]]]]]
The weather changes fast.
TYPE: SV (A)
[MC [NP [DET the] [N weather]] [VP [V
changes] [ADVP [ADV fast]]]]
Functional and Formal Elements in a
Sentence (2)
I consider this job a very interesting
opportunity
Type: SV DO C
[MC [NP [N I]] [VP [V consider] [NP [ DET this] [N
job]] [NP [DET a ] [ADJP [ADV very] [ADJ
interesting]] [N opportunity]]]]
My boss sent me to the conference
TYPE: SV DO A
[MC [NP [DET my] [N boss]] [VP [V sent] [NP [N
me]] [PP [Prep to] [NP [DET the] [N confefrence]]]]
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Classification of Adverbs
My neighbour leaves early in the morning.
She usually shops in several stores to get the
most affordable prices.
Classification of Adverbs Solutions
My neighbour leaves early in the morning.
Early: TIME; In the morning: TIME
She usually shops in several stores to get the
most affordable prices.
Usually: TIME (frequency); in several stores:
PLACE; to get affordable prices: PURPOSE
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Order of Adjectives
a/an tower church Gothic grey ancient
Responsibilities moral new her heavy
First hundred tourists the foreign
Purple precious statue circular tiny
Order of Adjectives - Solutions
a/an tower church Gothic grey ancient
Responsibilities moral new her heavy
Her heavy new moral responsibilities
First hundred tourists the foreign
An ancient grey Gothic church tower
The first hundred foreign tourists
Purple precious statue circular tiny
Precious tiny circular purple statue
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
Phrases and their Head
Could have been arranged
Quite heavily
Over the rainbow
Very difficult in this case
An empty bottle with a pink cap
Phrases and their Heads
Could have been arranged
Quite heavily
PP – no head
Very difficult in this case
ADVP – Head: heavily
Over the rainbow
VP – Head: arranged
ADJP – HEAD: difficult
An empty bottle with a pink cap
NP – HEAD: bottle
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012
Lingua Inglese 2 Cint A.A. 2011/12
Dott.ssa Maria Ivana Lorenzetti
NPs and their Structure
Mr. Dursley was the director of a firm called
Grunnings, which made drills. He was a big, beefy
man with hardly any neck, although he did have a
very large mustache. Mrs. Dursley was thin and
blonde and had nearly twice the usual amount of
neck, which came in very useful as she spent so
much of her time craning over garden fences, spying
on the neighbors. The Dursleys had a small son
called Dudley and in their opinion there was no finer
boy anywhere.
NPs and their Structure - Solution
Mr. Dursley(HEAD) was the(DET) director(HEAD) of a
firm called Grunnings(POST-MOD) , which made drills
(POST-MOD). He(HEAD) was a(DET) big, beefy (PREMOD) man (HEAD) with hardly any neck (POST-MOD),
although he (HEAD) did have a(DET) very large(PREMOD) mustache (HEAD). Mrs. Dursley (HEAD) was thin
and blonde and had nearly twice(PRE-MOD) the(DET)
usual (PRE-MOD) amount (HEAD) of neck(POSTMOD), which came in very useful as she(HEAD) spent
so much of her time craning over garden (PRE-MOD)
fences(HEAD) , spying on the(DET) neighbors(HEAD).
The Dursleys(HEAD) had a (DET) small (PRE_MOD)
son (HEAD) called Dudley(POST-MOD) and in their
opinion there was no finer (PRE-MOD) boy(HEAD)
anywhere(POST-MOD).
Lecture 08 – 20/03/2012