Mission
02
Who we are, What we do
03
Reports
Chairman's Report
Executive Director's Report
Garvan Research Foundation Chairman's Report
Professor John Mattick
04
06
08
10
Garvan at a Glance
Organisation Chart
Patent Portfolio by Category
Scientific Publications
Philanthropic Support
Staff Profile
Operating Income
Peer Reviewed Grant Income
Research Collaborations
Research Highlights
13
14
14
14
15
15
15
17
19
Research Programs & Initiatives
Cancer Program
The Kinghorn Cancer Centre
Diabetes & Obesity Program
Diabetes Vaccine Development Centre
Immunology Program
Neuroscience Program
Professor Peter Croucher
Osteoporosis & Bone Biology
20
28
30
36
38
44
50
52
Core Research Facilities
57
Management Highlights
58
Business Development
59
Garvan Community
Life Governors
Partners for the Future
Volunteers
Garvan Supporters
Garvan Gala Supporters
Bequests
61
61
62
62
65
65
Garvan Institute
Garvan Research Foundation
67
70
Governance
Publications
73
Financial Highlights
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Garvan Research Foundation Statement of Funds
85
86
87
Garvan's mission is to make significant contributions to medical
research that will change the directions of science and medicine and
have major impacts on human health. Garvan strives to enhance
and develop research programs that combine fundamental science
with strong clinical interactions.
The Garvan Institute of Medical Research
is a world leader in its field, pioneering
study into some of the most widespread
diseases affecting our community today.
Research at Garvan is focused upon
understanding the role of genes in health
and disease as the basis for developing
future cures.
Significant breakthroughs have been
achieved by Garvan scientists in the
understanding and treatment of diseases
such as:
_ Cancer
_ Diabetes and obesity
_ Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
_ Osteoporosis
_ Arthritis and asthma
_ Pituitary disorders
Garvan's ultimate goal is prevention and
cure of these major diseases.
2011
2011 was a milestone year for Garvan, with the retirement of Professor John Shine
after 21 years as Executive Director and announcement of his successor, internationally
acclaimed molecular geneticist, Professor John Mattick. I am also very pleased to report
that Garvan continued its excellent record of research success in 2011, as measured by
grants, publication impacts, national and international awards, and for that we are justly
proud of our faculty and staff.
Construction of The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, our exciting joint venture with St Vincent's
Hospital, is on track for formal completion mid 2012. It promises to make a major
contribution to Garvan's vision of translational research and delivery of personalised
health care based on detailed knowledge of individual patient genetic makeup.
Financial Performance
Garvan's operating income grew to approximately $51m in 2011 from $41m the
previous year. Philanthropic support through the Garvan Research Foundation, essential
for providing critical equipment and facilitating new initiatives, continued to be strong,
with over $6.1m in general and specific grants contributed to research programs and
almost $3.6m into the long term endowment fund of the Institute.
Our People
Garvan has been very well served for many years by the commitment and counsel of
an outstanding board of directors. During 2011, our long serving Treasurer, Martin
Hoffman, retired from the Board, as did Nicholas Curtis AM, past Chairman of St Vincent's
Hospital. I would like to record the Board's appreciation for the outstanding contributions
made by Martin and Nick. Warren Scott was appointed as the incoming Treasurer and
Chair of the Finance and Audit Committee. We welcomed two new Board members —
Daniel Petre AO and Annette Pantle, both of whom will bring important new skills and
experience to our endeavours.
Many Garvan researchers were distinguished with prizes and awards during 2011,
which are listed under each research program. Among these, the Cancer Institute NSW
presented the 2011 Premier's Fellow of the Year Award to Dr Alex Swarbrick and the
2011 Premier's Scholar of the Year Award to Dr David Chang.
Of special note was the award to Professor John Shine of the inaugural Peter Wills
Medal, created by Research Australia “to recognise an outstanding contribution to
building Australia's national and international reputation in the realm of health and
medical research”. Given Peter Wills' contributions to Australian medical research,
including his role as Garvan Chairman, it was particularly satisfying that Professor
Shine was selected as the inaugural recipient.
Medical Research Reviews
Recognising the importance of health and medical research to a cost effective and world
leading health care system, during 2011 both Federal and NSW State governments
initiated reviews to examine the structure and funding of medical research. These reviews
(on both of which Garvan is represented) provide an important opportunity to address
the ever-increasing equipment, resourcing and infrastructure costs that come with the
exciting rate of change and amazing possibilities presented by today's medical research.
04
CHAIRMAN’S REPORT
Garvan, along with the rest of the medical research sector has been invited to make
submissions to these important reviews. Garvan has and will continue to make a strong
case for the expansion of the National Health and Medical Research Council funding
program and for improvement in State Government support for research.
Looking Ahead
There will be many challenges and exciting opportunities in the year ahead as Garvan
continues to grow and as our commitment to translate our research discoveries into
meaningful improvements in health care is significantly enhanced with completion of
The Kinghorn Cancer Centre.
Our ability to integrate teaching, research and clinical translation on our expanding
Darlinghurst campus has never been stronger, and the links with and support from our
key stakeholders, St Vincents and Mater Health and University of NSW, will be
increasingly important to our ambitions.
With additional government support, as well as community engagement, the Board is
confident that Garvan will continue to have a major impact on human health, particularly
as we focus on integration with health care delivery.
At last year's AGM I spoke of the extraordinary contribution made by Professor Shine
to medical research worldwide. On behalf of our faculty and staff, our stakeholders and
supporters, I thanked John for his outstanding leadership of the Garvan over the last
21 years.
I wish to repeat my appreciation and thanks to John for agreeing to stay at the helm
right through 2011 as we completed our worldwide search for his successor.
And this year I enthusiastically welcome Professor John Mattick to his first AGM as
Director of the Garvan. Professor Mattick takes over the reins at a most exciting time
for the organisation, as well as for medical research. I know that his exceptional research
record and interests, combined with his experience and passion, will accelerate Garvan's
delivery of mission… to significantly improve the health care and quality of life for all.
Bill Ferris AC
Chairman
Garvan Institute of Medical Research
CHAIRMAN’S REPORT
05
An exciting new chapter begins for Garvan with the appointment of the next Director,
Professor John Mattick, following an extensive international search. John has pioneered
the area of gene structure and regulation, being among the first to demonstrate that the
so called “junk” regions of our DNA in fact encode important small RNA genes critical for
the ordered regulation of gene expression. This has critical importance for a wide range
of life processes — from balanced brain function to orderly development from a
fertilised egg to a complex adult.
Professor Mattick's appointment will also strengthen the Institute's commitment to
translational research initiatives. John's leadership in this area will ensure that the latest
breakthroughs in gene analyses are rapidly applied to development of new specific
individualised treatments.
2011 was also another very productive year for Garvan in terms of significant research
findings, success in obtaining competitive grants and growth in the number of papers
accepted for publication in prestigious international journals. We published over 200 peer
reviewed research papers, the top 80% in journals with an average impact factor >8.
This remains above internationally accepted benchmark levels and is testament to the
excellence and commitment of our researchers. I encourage everyone interested in
Garvan's research and related activities to view the excellent news summaries which are
regularly updated on our website www.garvan.org.au.
Research publication productivity was matched by success in applications for
competitive grants. Overall peer reviewed grant funding was approximately $29.5m,
including $18.5m from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).
Our Cancer, Immunology and Diabetes and Obesity Programs all have successful NHMRC
program grants, which provide the capacity for longer term strategic planning of our
research effort. Of particular note this year was the announcement that Dr Greg Neely's
project grant application ranked amongst the top in the country and received the 2011
NHMRC Marshall and Warren Award for most potentially transformative research. This
outcome is a strong endorsement of our commitment to support young faculty
members, often working on very ambitious and novel projects.
Osteoporosis and Bone Research
The Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program was restructured and strengthened during
2011 with the appointment of a new leader, Professor Peter Croucher from the UK, as
the inaugural Chair in Osteoporosis Research funded by Mrs Janice Gibson and the
Ernest Heine Foundation. Professor Croucher, an international leader in osteoporosis, also
has a strong interest in the spread of cancer to bone, providing an exciting link to our
expanded cancer research in The Kinghorn Cancer Centre.
After 27 years, Professor John Eisman, the founding leader of the Osteoporosis and
Bone Biology Program, moves to a new role as Garvan's Director of Clinical Translation
and Advanced Education. This novel development, championed by Professor Eisman, has
its initial focus in osteoporosis and is aimed at streamlining the application of new basic
and clinical knowledge to clinical care in the community and more efficient and costeffective health care.
Garvan will be running awareness-raising seminars about 'bone failure', with separate
sessions for members of the public and general medical practitioners. The program,
known as Health Education for Longer Life in Osteoporosis (HELLO) had its inaugural
sessions on 26 and 27 November when Her Excellency Ms Quentin Bryce AC, Governor
General of Australia, officially launched the initiative.
06
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT
Our People
Staff numbers across the organisation grew to a total of 575 with significant growth
in all our major research programs, reflecting ongoing success in competitive grant
applications for new and existing projects. Consistent with its role in international
medical research, 65 different countries are represented in Garvan's research
community. During 2011, many Garvan researchers received international recognition
for their contributions to medical research, including prestigious awards, fellowships and
invitations to present their work at major conferences. These are detailed in each of the
research program reports.
Campus Developments
An active member of the St Vincent's Campus, Garvan values its historic and ongoing
close association with St Vincent's Hospital and its commitment to the values of the
Sisters of Charity.
With recent agreement between Federal and State Governments to reform the hospital
system, Garvan is working even more actively with our campus partners, St Vincent's
and Mater Health and the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, to ensure that the
community is well aware of the close integration of research, education, clinical care and
regional outreach represented on the St Vincent's campus.
As this is my final report as Executive Director, I take the opportunity to thank the
Board, all the scientific and administrative staff and our many donors for their support,
commitment and excellence over the past 21 years. The many achievements of the
Institute during this period have only been possible through the teamwork and personal
efforts of everyone involved with the Garvan — it has truly been a great privilege to
have stewardship of the institute during a time of amazing progress in medical research.
2012
The upcoming years promise much for Garvan, with the addition of approximately 250
new researchers in The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, expansion of our Neuroscience,
Immunology and Diabetes and Obesity Programs, and consolidation of the long-running
translational research activities emanating from the Osteoporosis Study based in Dubbo.
Such expansion places extra pressure on our already minimal infrastructure resources —
a challenge that the Board and staff are committed to overcoming.
During 2012 under John Mattick's leadership, I have no doubt that Garvan will remain
clearly focused on elucidating the fundamental basis of disease, as well as driving the
translation of research discoveries into new and improved ways to prevent and treat the
major diseases that challenge our society.
John Shine AO FAA
Executive Director
Garvan Institute of Medical Research
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT
07
The Garvan Research Foundation had a very successful year in 2011. In a period that
experienced a high degree of international financial uncertainty, it is a tribute to the
quality of the research undertaken at Garvan that we continued to receive strong
support from a broad section of the community.
In addition to our valued regular givers we received several major gifts, including a
commitment from Ms Jane Hemstritch and Team Phil to establish the Philip Hemstritch
Pancreatic Cancer Research Fellowship for three years, continued generous support from
the Ross Trust for our Type 1 diabetes research and an incredibly generous gift of $2m
from the Petre Foundation to support the establishment of an endowed chair in prostate
cancer, in partnership with the University of Sydney.
In late 2011 we welcomed Professor Peter Croucher as the new leader of Garvan's
Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program, thanks to the tremendous support of Mrs
Janice Gibson and Ernest Heine Family Foundation.
Importantly, income from bequests grew in 2011, which is vital for the ongoing security
of Garvan. These funds are directed to our endowment fund to ensure that Garvan is
well positioned to meet increasing demand on infrastructure and to seize unique
recruitment opportunities.
Work on supporting The Kinghorn Cancer Centre continued throughout 2011 with a
range of events to mark key building milestones. Events were held with our key
supporters, including The Kinghorn Cancer Centre patron and cancer survivor, Delta
Goodrem, as well as a special roof top event with Jill and John Kinghorn, and their fellow
visionaries, to mark the midpoint of the construction.
A highlight of the year was our inaugural Garvan Gala Dinner. Over 300 people attended
a memorable evening at Byron Kennedy Hall, Fox Studios, to acknowledge the almost two
decades of outstanding leadership by retiring Garvan Executive Director, Professor John
Shine. My sincere thanks to the individuals and organisations that supported this event.
The Young Garvan Committee continued to work tirelessly to raise the profile of Garvan
among a younger demographic and to raise funds for the Young Garvan Fellowship. As
well as three well-attended forums at Garvan, the Committee co-ordinated its highly
successful All Ribbons Ball, attracting more than 400 guests who saw the Young Garvan
Fellowship awarded to Dr Ebru Boslem. Dr Boslem is using the award to further her research
into Type 2 diabetes, as part of Garvan's Diabetes and Obesity Research Program.
08
GARVAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION CHAIRMAN’S REPORT
Garvan was also the beneficiary of a number of community events, including
participants in Sydney's City2Surf and Run Melbourne who chose Garvan as the
recipient of the funds they raised. Activities like these achieve two goals for Garvan –
raising considerable funds and promoting general awareness about the need and value
of medical research.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank my fellow Directors for their support. We
were delighted to welcome Dr Jeanne-Claude Strong to the Board in December as she
brings to the Board a range and wealth of experience that will be invaluable.
We also welcomed Andrew Giles to the role of Chief Executive Officer of the
Foundation. With a long career leading substantial not-for-profit organisations in
Australia, Andrew is well-placed to continue to grow the Garvan Research Foundation.
Andrew is ably supported by his small, highly professional team of Gabriella Lang, Dimity
Raftos, Janice Lam, Mimy Long, Mona Saade, Carol O'Carroll and Pip Margan. In 2011
Dianne Lavender went on maternity leave and was replaced by Kylie Ironside. Kylie
Sherwood-Kelly and Mara-Jean Tilley joined the team, replacing Dr Anita Townsend and
Georgie Le Poer Trench respectively.
To all of our wonderful and generous supporters – thank you for your ongoing
commitment to Garvan's work.
Geoff Dixon
Chairman
Garvan Research Foundation
GARVAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION CHAIRMAN’S REPORT
09
aO F FRCPA | Execive Direor gArvAn Ini | from 2012
Garvan welcomed incoming Executive Director, Professor John Mattick AO FAA FRCPA, in early January
2012. Prior to his appointment, Professor Mattick was based at the University of Queensland for 23
years, where he was the foundation director of the world-renowned Institute for Molecular Bioscience
and the Australian Genome Research Facility.
A visionary in his field, Professor Mattick has changed our view of the function of the majority of the
human genome, which had previously been regarded as “junk DNA”. He challenged the scientific
establishment in the mid-1990s with his then-radical theories about the vast tracts of DNA which do
not code for proteins, but which are copied into RNA.
Until questioned, the so-called central dogma of molecular biology had been that 'DNA makes RNA
makes protein' and therefore that genes specified proteins through the intermediate of RNA. That
assumption reflected the highly mechanical view of the world that existed in the 1950s and 1960s, and
while it was largely true for bacteria and other simple organisms, it was not true for people. As it turned
out, only a tiny fraction - around 1.5% - of the human genome encodes proteins. Much of the rest
produces RNA that does not code for proteins. Professor Mattick's breakthrough came when he realised
that another layer of information was being expressed by the genome, and that the non-coding RNAs
form a massive and previously unrecognised regulatory network that controls human growth and
differentiation, from a single fertilised cell to the hundred trillion cells that form the myriad of organs,
muscles and bones in the adult.
The science community now realises that the genome is extraordinarily complex, and the deeper we drill
down, the more surprises we find. Indeed, what was dismissed as junk because it was not understood
almost certainly holds the secret to understanding human development and cognition. It is also likely to
hold the secret to understanding many complex diseases.
Professor Mattick studied at the University of Sydney and Monash University, and subsequently
undertook postdoctoral training at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. He then spent seven years
with the CSIRO Division of Molecular Biology in Sydney, before moving to the University of Queensland
in 1988 to take up the Foundation Chair of Molecular Biology. He has also spent sabbatical periods at
the Universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Cologne and Strasbourg. His honours and awards include the
Biotechnology Medal of the Australian Biochemical Society, Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of
Pathologists of Australasia, the Australian Government Centenary Medal, the inaugural University of
Strasbourg Gutenberg Professorship, the IUBMB (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology) Medal and most recently the Chen Award 2012 for Distinguished Academic Achievement in
Human Genetic and Genomic Research (awarded by the Human Genome Organisation). He is an
Associate Member of EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organisation) and a Fellow of the Australian
Academy of Science. Professor Mattick was appointed an Officer in the Order of Australia in 2001.
PROFESSOR JOHN MATTICK
11
Organisation Chart 2011
Board Committees
_ Business Development Advisory
_ Finance & Audit
_ Investment
_ Remuneration
Institute Committees
_ Executive Research
_ Appointments & Promotions
_ Scientific Advisory Council
_ Common Users of Building Equipment
(CUBE)
_ Higher Degrees
_ Information Technology
_ OH&S Consultation
_ Operations Advisory
_ Seminar Program
Australian BioResources
_ Board
_ Advisory
Diabetes Vaccine Development Centre
_ Board
_ Scientific Advisory
St Vincent’s Research Precinct (SVRP)
Committees
_ Animal Ethics
_ Human Research Ethics
_ Institutional Biosafety
_ SVRP Management
_ SVRP OH&S
Garvan is a partner in the CRCs for
Asthma and Biomedical Imaging
Development. Garvan is a shareholder in
the spin-out company G2 Therapies Ltd.
GARVAN AT A GLANCE
13
Patent Portfolio by Category
Portfolio
Percentage
Number of Patents
5%
1
Therapeutic
19%
4
New treatments
19%
4
Diagnostics
24%
5
Therapeutic target
33%
7
Drug discovery tools
250
200
175
Scientific Publications
Number of Publications
225
223
203
185
176
150
151
153
2006
2007
125
100
75
50
Impact factor of scientific publications
Each paper published constitutes a new piece of knowledge, and scientists aim to
publish in the most highly regarded journal in their area of research. Each journal
has an “impact factor” which is a common measure of its relative importance
within a specific discipline. Research organisations use “average impact factor”
measurements to determine the overall significance of their research output. For
example, in 2011 Garvan achieved an “average impact factor” of 8 for the top
80% of its publications. This is a very respectable tally, well above the
international benchmark.
25
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
7
Philanthropic Support
Income $ Mil
6
Total Income*
5
$4,158,000
4
$5,370,000
3
$6,382,000
2
$4,064,000
1
$5,446,000
0
$5,969,000
2006
14
2007
2008
GARVAN AT A GLANCE
2009
2010
2011
Donations are particularly important in
two respects:
_ They provide seed funding for novel
work, which may not attract other
support for several years
_ They fund core items of equipment
that are typically not covered by
research grants
* Excluding bequests and contributions to the
construction cost of The Kinghorn Cancer Centre.
Staff Profile
500
Number of Staff
600
400
575
488
504
Staff Breakdown
2010 2011
Researchers
505
433
403
300
200
290
329
Students
86
106
Scientific Facility Staff
77
83
Secretarial & Admin
39
40
Foundation
10
14
DVDC
Total
100
3
3
505
575
Demographics
_ Average age 36 years 11 months
_ Researchers from over 65 countries
_ Research staff 44% male, 56% female
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Operating Income
2011 $51 Million*
Peer reviewed grants
58%
Donations
12%
NSW Government
8%
Industry partners
1%
Other income
* Excludes donations for construction of The
Kinghorn Cancer Centre.
Peer Reviewed Grant Income
Income $000
35
30
21%
One of the major challenges facing
successful research institutes
around Australia remains the “gap”
between the total costs of doing
research and the funding provided
by competitive research grants. For
every dollar of research funding
awarded, another 70 cents is
required to carry out the research.
25
Year
$000
NHMRC
$000
Other
2006
13,832
8,184
2007
16,682
8,530
2008
18,695
9,159
2009
19,094
11,061
2010
16,637
10,232
2011
18,574
10,896
20
15
10
5
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
GARVAN AT A GLANCE
15
Research Collaborations
GARVAN AT A GLANCE
17
_ Identified the cytokine (chemical messenger)
IL-21 as the main driver of successful antibody
responses in people.
_ Determined the genetic defect in the cytotoxic
immune cells (killer T cells) of patients with a
particular immunodeficiency that renders them
defenceless when infected with the EpsteinBarr virus.
_ Showed that the EBI2 receptor was responsible
for previously unexplained movements of B cells
during an immune response.
_ Identified a new subset of T cells that home to
the gut and are involved in the induction of
autoimmunity.
_ Discovered a new pain receptor required for
thermal pain sensation, conserved from flies to
humans, further highlighting pain perception as
an ancient process conserved through evolution.
_ Detailed the skeletal actions of the major
circulating member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY)
family, PYY. These studies may shed new light on
our understanding of anorexia nervosa.
_ Conducted the first study of long-term oral
treatment to alter NPY signalling in living animals.
The drug BIBO2234 inhibits an NPY receptor,
leading to a significant increase in bone mass,
without adverse side effects.
_ Demonstrated significant biochemical change
(hyperphosphorylation) of a GSK3 target, a
protein called CRMP2, specifically in the brains of
Alzheimer's disease patients, but not in other
forms of dementia. This appears to occur early in
the disease process and has the potential to be a
biomarker for early and specific detection of
Alzheimer's disease.
_ Demonstrated that a molecule known as
'hedgehog' helps breast cancer cells survive by
communicating their needs to the healthy cells
that surround them. Hedgehog-blocking drugs (in
trial for other cancers) offer a potential therapy
for breast cancer.
_ In collaboration with the University of Auckland,
identified potential new cancer therapeutics that
inhibit the metabolism of glucose and so target
the abnormal energy metabolism that fuels
tumour growth.
_ Identified a panel of genes, from ovarian cancer
patients, which may be suitable candidates for the
development of a new blood-based diagnostic
test for ovarian cancer.
_ Developed novel epigenetic sequencing
technologies and bioinformatics tools to unravel
the layers of chemical change that affect the
ways in which genes behave, and demonstrated
which sections of the genome are commonly
'activated', or 'switched on', in prostate cancer.
This work provides new diagnostic markers for
prostate cancer and provides a new mechanism
for cancer-specific gene activation.
_ Sequenced the genomes of >100 pancreatic
cancers as part of the International Cancer
Genome Consortium and developed the most
detailed landscape of mutations and genomic
rearrangements yet available for pancreatic cancer.
_ Demonstrated that fat accumulation in the liver, in
response to a high fat diet, depends on the action
of an enzyme, which can be targeted to improve
insulin action.
_ Identified Id1 as a novel inhibitor of insulin
secretion and beta cell differentiation.
_ Demonstrated that increasing the amount of a
transcriptional co-activator can up-regulate
mitochondrial metabolism and alleviate fatinduced insulin resistance.
_ Noted an extraordinary and unexpected benefit
of osteoporosis treatment - that people taking
bisphosphonates are not only surviving well,
better than people without osteoporosis, they
appear to be gaining an extra five years of life.
_ Identified novel chromosomal regions that harbor
osteoporosis genes as part of international
collaborations using genome-wide analysis
advanced technology.
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
19
Lder | PrOfeor Rob S‫ה‬r
Clinical Associate
Professor Sandra O'Toole
(top middle) is a clinical
researcher at Garvan as
well as a pathologist at
Royal Prince Alfred
Hospital, Camperdown.
She researches the
'hedgehog' protein with
Garvan researcher Dr
Alex Swarbrick. They have
shown that hedgehog sits
at the centre of
intracellular cross talk in
breast cancer, transmitting
biochemical signals
between the cancer cells
and healthy cells. When
this conversation is
blocked - or hedgehog is
'silenced' - tumours shrink
and stop their spread.
A/Prof O'Toole
collaborates with
oncologists Dr Catriona
McNeil and A/Prof Jane
Beith (pictured centre
and bottom rows
respectively), both of
whom work at Royal
Prince Alfred Hospital.
Ao f
Program Summary
Although derived from normal cells, cancer cells
have distinctive features that can be exploited to
aid diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention.
To do this, we need to know much more about the
fundamental processes that govern cell behaviour:
their division, their survival, their motility and their
differentiation into complex tissue structures. With
this knowledge we will be better able to stop the
formation, spread and early growth of cancers.
As well as basic research into genomics/epigenomics
and the cellular and molecular biology of cancer, the
Cancer Program has six translational research
groups that study a number of the most commonly
diagnosed and most lethal cancers: breast, colorectal
(bowel), lung, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate.
Research Highlights
_ Demonstrated that a molecule known as
'hedgehog' helps breast cancer cells survive by
communicating their needs to the healthy cells
that surround them. Hedgehog-blocking drugs
(in trial for other cancers) offer a potential
therapy for breast cancer.
_ Discovered that although breast cancer cells
which overexpress cell cycle gene cyclin E2 are
resistant to endocrine therapy and drugs inhibiting
cell cycle kinase CDK4, cyclin E2 can be targeted
with other cell cycle inhibitors (CDK2). This
suggests the alternative cell cycle inhibitors should
be studied further as potential therapies in
endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
_ Identified two potential drug targets, the proteins
Lyn and SgK269, which promote proliferation and
migration of cancer cells in the particularly
aggressive basal-like breast cancer.
_ Identified a panel of genes, from ovarian cancer
patients, which may be suitable candidates for the
development of a new blood-based diagnostic
test for ovarian cancer.
_ Developed novel epigenetic sequencing
technologies and bioinformatics tools to unravel
the layers of chemical change that affect the
ways in which genes behave, and demonstrated
which sections of the genome are commonly
'activated', or 'switched on', in prostate cancer.
This work provides new diagnostic markers for
prostate cancer and provides a new mechanism
for cancer-specific gene activation.
_ Showed that lower-than-normal expression of the
MCC gene, as observed in a subset of colorectal
cancers, may underlie the development of cancer
because it is required for cells to migrate. Healthy
cells in the gut need migration capacity in order to
move to the colon surface and heal damage
caused by harmful dietary agents or drugs.
_ Developed a database of "network modules",
groups of densely interconnected proteins with
functional associations, which help us understand
how cellular processes are perturbed in cancer.
_ Sequenced the genomes of >100 pancreatic
cancers as part of the International Cancer
Genome Consortium and developed the most
detailed landscape of mutations and genomic
rearrangements yet available for pancreatic cancer.
_ Demonstrated that a simple histopathology test,
Gleason grade at a positive surgical margin,
identifies prostate cancer patients who are likely
to benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy.
_ In collaboration with the University of Auckland,
identified potential new cancer therapeutics that
inhibit the metabolism of glucose and so target
the abnormal energy metabolism that fuels
tumour growth.
CANCER PROGRAM
21
People Highlights
_ Professor Andrew Biankin and Clinical
Associate Professor Sandra O'Toole were
made Founding Fellows of the Faculty of
Science of The Royal College of
Pathologists of Australasia.
_ Dr David Chang was awarded the NSW
Premier's Award for Outstanding
Research Scholar 2011, the Pfizer
Oncology International Studentship Award
2011, the ASCO Cancer Foundation
Merit Award 2011 and an Early Career
Development Award from NHMRC.
_ Dr Alex Swarbrick and Professor Andrew
Biankin were promoted to the Garvan
Faculty.
_ Professor Liz Musgrove had her Career
Fellowship from the Cancer Institute
NSW renewed for a further three years.
_ New recruits Drs Andrew Burgess, James
Rae and Eric Collisson were awarded
Future Research Leader grants from the
Cancer Institute NSW while Drs David
Chang, Elizabeth Iorns and Tim Molloy
were awarded Early Career Fellowships.
_ Professor Susan Clark was elected
President of the Australian Epigenome
Alliance, the Australian Member and
Representative of the Asian Epigenome
Alliance, and appointed to the Steering
Group Committee of the International
Human Epigenome Consortium.
_ Members of the Program were awarded
>$15M of new research grants for
2012-2015.
_ Several senior members of the Program
convened the 5th PacRim Breast and
Prostate Cancer Conference from 3-7
May, 2011 and served on national
grant review panels including NHMRC,
Cancer Australia, the Cancer Council
NSW, the National Breast Cancer
Foundation and the Prostate Cancer
Foundation of Australia.
_ Drs Goli Samimi and Ilse Rooman were
given conjoint senior lecturer
appointments in St Vincent's Hospital
Clinical School, University of NSW, and
Maija Kohonen-Corish was appointed a
Conjoint Associate Professor at the
University of Western Sydney.
22
CANCER PROGRAM
Basic Cancer Research
Apoptosis Research Group
Group Leader: Dr Alison Butt
Apoptosis (cell death) is a physiological
process of cell removal that plays a critical
role in the development of cancers and
how they respond to treatment.
Oestrogen not only causes breast cancer
cells to proliferate but it also protects
them from apoptosis. We are
investigating how this occurs and are
identifying the genes that might regulate
this process. We are also using new
technologies to determine the differences
between breast cancer cells that are
sensitive, and those that are resistant, to
tamoxifen at the protein level. Such
studies will enable us to understand how
these proteins may influence the way
anti-oestrogens such as tamoxifen can
effectively kill breast cancer cells.
Together with the Breast Cancer Group,
we are also examining whether these
proteins are aberrantly expressed in breast
cancers, and if they can predict how
patients will respond to tamoxifen
treatment. Such work could, ultimately,
lead to the development of more
effective and 'tailored' therapies for breast
cancer patients.
Cancer Bioinformatics Group
Group Leader: Dr Jianmin Wu
High-throughput technologies accelerate
the screening of potential biomarkers and
therapeutic targets for cancer and other
diseases, however, how to detect signals
from the high dimension of screening data
poses a significant challenge. Our group
focuses on developing and applying
different computational and statistical
methods to solve these problems.
Recently, in collaboration with the
Pancreatic Cancer and Signal Transduction
Groups, we are undertaking integrative
analysis of multidimensional “-omics”
datasets generated by deep sequencing
of the cancer genome and profiling of the
transcriptome, epigenome and proteome,
with the aim of identifying candidate
driver mutations and pathway aberrations
in pancreatic cancer. We have also
developed a database and numerous tools
to study how potential candidates
cooperate in a network context, utilizing
publicly available protein interaction data.
Cell Cycle Group
Group Leader: Professor Liz Musgrove
Female steroid hormones like oestrogen
strongly influence cell reproduction in the
breast. We are particularly interested in
how these hormones act on the cell cycle
machinery and how control over the cell
cycle is lost in breast cancer cells. Our
current work concentrates on the cell
cycle genes c-Myc, cyclin D1 and cyclin
E2, all of which are targeted by oestrogen
and are overexpressed in breast cancer. In
collaboration with the Steroid Hormone
Action and Breast Cancer groups we are
searching for new genes that might link
oestrogen action with the cell cycle and
that could be involved in resistance of
certain breast cancers to the antioestrogen tamoxifen. We have recently
found that cyclin E2 is one such gene.
We are continuing this work using
transcriptome and epigenome data from
experimental models and clinical samples
together with functional genomics. We
are also using functional genomics to find
genetic events specific to particular
cancer subtypes that can be targeted
therapeutically.
Development Group
Group Leader: Associate Professor
Chris Ormandy
Development of the mammary gland
occurs in defined stages that are
governed by the hormones that regulate
reproductive events. We hypothesise that
genes controlling normal mammary
development can become mutated or
deregulated in breast cancer and thus
contribute to the disease process. We
have discovered that the transcription
factor Elf5 controls the development of
the mammary gland during pregnancy and
also regulates the proliferation and
function of breast cancer cells. We are
investigating how Elf5 exerts these
effects to provide a way to therapeutically
target this mechanism. We have placed
Elf5 downstream of progestin signalling
via regulation by RankL. This year four
papers in Nature, including one to which
we contributed, established the RankL
mechanism as the key to understanding
the role of exogenous progestin use in the
promotion of breast cancer.
Epigenetics Group
Group Leader: Professor Susan Clark
Cancer cells can modify the expression of
critical cancer genes independently of the
DNA sequence, using epigenetic
biochemical processes including DNA
methylation, histone modification and
aberrant expression of non-coding RNA.
Our research focuses on understanding
the mechanism that triggers epigenetic
change between normal and cancer cells.
We have developed state of the art
genome-wide sequencing methods to
map epigenomic changes during early
Alice Boulghourjian (top)
Manager of Garvan's
Histology Facility,
preparing slides of mouse
mammary tumour. The
slides are stained to
reveal the structure of
the tissue, including
abnormalities. Biomarker
information can also be
obtained from the slides.
A/Prof Sandra O'Toole
with Research Assistant
Anaiis Zaratzian.
cancer development and have discovered that
epigenetic changes can take place not only in single
genes, but also occur across very large regions of
DNA during the spread of cancer. These changes
include both regional gains and loss of epigenetic
marks associated with regional changes in gene and
non-decoding RNA expression. Using epigenome
sequencing technology we have discovered novel
tumour "signatures" for cancer diagnosis as well as
potential targets for cancer therapy. We are now
trying to determine which epigenetic changes are
specific to breast and prostate cancer and the
sequence of events that trigger these changes so
that we can try to reverse the process. This is a
large and complex project and our work forms part
of the international effort on unravelling the human
cancer epigenome.
Pancreatic Carcinogenesis Group
Group Leader: Dr Ilse Rooman
Our team is focused on identifying key drivers and
biomarkers of pancreatic cancer through studying
the earliest changes in the exocrine tissue (how a
normal pancreas cell is turned into a cancer
precursor). We focus on the role of genes identified
as aberrantly expressed by the Pancreatic Cancer
Group, and through previous discoveries. Mouse
models are being set up to define the functional
consequences and molecular mechanisms by which
these genes and their mutations contribute to
alterations in exocrine pancreas cell differentiation,
proliferation and carcinogenesis. Potential
applications extend to early detection, screening
and chemoprevention.
Signal Transduction Group
Group Leader: Professor Roger Daly
Our research focuses on how signals regulating
biological processes such as cell proliferation,
survival and motility are transmitted within the cell,
and how these signals are altered in cancer cells. We
are using a technique termed mass spectrometry to
identify the signalling networks associated with
particular cancer subsets. This has: identified a novel
signalling pathway that drives cell proliferation in an
aggressive breast cancer subtype, basal-like breast
cancer; subclassified pancreatic cancer into 3
different subgroups, each characterized by
particular signalling events; and identified signal
transduction processes that contribute to resistance
to the drug docetaxel in prostate cancer. In addition,
we have developed a new affinity reagent for
purification of the 'kinase' class of signalling protein
from cells, and are using this to comprehensively
define which kinases are expressed and activated in
specific cancer cells. These projects have important
clinical ramifications, because they identify potential
drug targets in specific cancer subsets, a key
prerequisite for personalised cancer therapy.
Steroid Hormone Action Group
Group Leader: Professor Rob Sutherland AO FAA
Our research aims to determine and characterise
the genes that mediate the actions of the sex
steroid hormones oestrogen, progesterone, and
androgens in steroid-responsive cancers (breast,
prostate and ovarian). These constitute a third of all
newly diagnosed cancers. In collaboration with the
Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Groups we have identified
and are characterising a number of steroidregulated genes involved in the control of cell
proliferation, cell differentiation and cell death in
breast cancer. Several of these genes and their
cognate gene networks contribute to the
development of resistance to common endocrine
therapies (tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors) for
breast cancer. In partnership with the Breast and
Prostate Cancer Groups and the Cancer Therapeutics
Development Laboratory we have demonstrated that
some of these genes are new markers of cancer
progression and response to therapy and novel targets
for the development of new cancer therapies.
Tumour Progression Group
Group Leader: Dr Alex Swarbrick
Aggressive cancers have two features in common:
they proliferate endlessly (a property known as self
renewal) and contain mostly unspecialised, poorly
differentiated cells. We are investigating genes that
control self renewal and differentiation in cancer,
with a particular focus on breast cancer. Together
with the Breast Cancer Group and external
collaborators we have discovered several genes that
are key controllers of the growth and metastasis of
poorly differentiated cancers. These include the
Inhibitor of Differentiation transcriptional regulators,
the Hedgehog signalling pathway and microRNAs.
Understanding the contribution of these genes to
cancer progression, and the ways in which they
interact, will help us predict the behaviour of
aggressive metastatic cancers and will lead to the
development of new drugs to stop their growth.
Ubiquitin Signalling Group
Group Leader: Dr Darren Saunders
Our research is focused on mechanisms of cancer
development and progression, using the emerging
technology of functional genomics - a powerful,
cutting-edge approach to understand gene function
and define biological networks involved in cancer. By
integrating a number of methods, including highthroughput gain/loss of function genetic screens
with novel fluorescent assays and high-content
imaging, we are working to identify targets of
various components in the ubiquitin/proteasome
system, a cellular recycling and garbage disposal
system. Using this approach, we are able to scan
the human genome/proteome to see which proteins
are tagged by ubiquitin in tumour and normal cells.
This will help us to understand how normal cells
become cancerous through changes in their protein
content, and also identify new molecules that might
be targeted by anti-cancer drugs.
CANCER PROGRAM
25
Translational Cancer Research
Breast Cancer Group
Group Leader: Professor Rob Sutherland AO FAA
In association with clinicians at several teaching
hospitals in Sydney (St Vincent's, Royal Prince
Alfred/Sydney Cancer Centre and St George) and
major national and international trials groups
(Australia New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group
and International Breast Cancer Study Group) we
have developed large tissue banks and patient
databases that are being used to identify and
validate new biomarkers of disease subtype, disease
progression and response to particular therapies.
These studies assist in the implementation of a
biomarker guided personal medicine approach to
breast cancer treatment. A major joint project with
the Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and Steroid Hormone
Action Groups is identifying molecular markers of
tamoxifen resistance, since loss of response to
tamoxifen is a major reason for treatment failure.
We are also conducting collaborative studies inhouse and with other institutions to define the role
of newly-discovered breast cancer genes in the
disease process.
Colon and Lung Cancer Group
Group Leader: Associate Professor
Maija Kohonen-Corish
Colon and lung cancers are among the most
common malignancies. In lung cancer we are
characterising new biomarkers of prognosis and
therapeutic responsiveness, in order to improve the
clinical management of cancer. Our research in
colon cancer is focused on understanding how and
why cancer develops and how it should be best
treated. This work involves three main approaches,
study of cancer specimens from patients, analysis
of cancer cells grown in cell culture and study of
tumours in mice. We have made the unexpected
discovery that an arthritis drug sulindac, used in
humans, can actually cause cancer in the mouse.
This is being pursued as a new model of colon cancer
and the susceptibility genes that increase the risk of
carcinogenesis. Another major area of recent work
involves the rediscovery of 'Mutated in Colorectal
Cancer' (MCC) as a candidate tumour suppressor
gene. MCC is emerging as a multifunctional protein
that regulates several cellular processes and pathways.
We have identified new biological functions for this
protein, including a role in the DNA damage
response and lamellipodia formation.
Ovarian Cancer Group
Group Leader: Dr Goli Samimi
Our group works in collaboration with the
Gynaecological Cancer Centre at the Royal Hospital
for Women. Our major research goal is to use our
combined expertise and knowledge to identify new
ways to diagnose women with early stage curable
ovarian cancer. To this end we utilise a number of
different approaches to identify the genes involved
in the development of ovarian cancer, particularly its
early stages. Our primary focus, in collaboration
with the Epigenetics Group, is the identification of
26
CANCER PROGRAM
genes with altered methylation patterns that have
potential as blood-based diagnostic markers for
early stage ovarian cancer. We also aim to
understand how such genes influence ovarian
cancer development, which may additionally
identify new treatment targets for women with
advanced disease.
Pancreatic Cancer Group
Group Leader: Professor Andrew Biankin
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of
cancer death in Western societies, with a five-year
survival rate of less than 5%. The treatment and
survival of patients with pancreatic cancer has not
changed for years because there has been little
research into the molecular and cell biology
associated with it. Our projects focus on improving
outcomes for patients by defining molecular
phenotypes of pancreatic cancer using biomarkers
to guide therapeutic decisions and personalise
therapies for pancreatic cancer. The group co-leads
the Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative
with the Queensland Centre of Medical Genomics
at the Institute for Medical Bioscience in Brisbane.
The Initiative is part of the International Cancer
Genome Consortium (www.icgc,org) and aims to
use the latest technology to sequence 400
pancreatic cancers and use that information to
inform personalised therapy trials.
Prostate Cancer Group
Group Leader: Professor Rob Sutherland AO FAA
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed
cancer in men. Our group is concerned with the
identification of biomarkers for early prostate
disease, disease prognosis i.e. distinguishing indolent
from potentially fatal disease, and response to
therapy. We take a multidisciplinary approach that
utilises expertise from a number of cancer
researchers within and outside the Garvan, as well
as clinicians and pathologists, particularly colleagues
at the St Vincent's Prostate Cancer Centre and the
Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital.
We currently aim to identify genes and pathways
whose expression changes can predict the
development of aggressive life-threatening prostate
cancer or resistance to chemotherapy used for the
treatment of advanced stage prostate cancer.
Cancer Therapeutics Development Laboratory
Group Leader: Dr Charlie Watts
The Cancer Therapeutics Development Laboratory
is developing novel cancer drugs against molecular
targets expressed by cancer cells. Our current
project aims to block the activity of a regulatory
enzyme that allows cancer cells to produce energy
for their growth. Following identification of
candidate inhibitor compounds from a chemical
library, we have worked with medicinal chemists at
the University of Auckland to identify and
structurally optimize those compounds which are
most active and inhibit the proliferation of cancer
cells. These will be further modified to produce
potent compounds for pre-clinical development.
Dr Alex Swarbrick, Garvan
researcher, investigates
genes that control selfrenewal and differentiation
in cancer. He undertook
the basic science aspects
of the hedgehog project.
He is pictured here with
A/Prof O'Toole, discussing
samples using Garvan's
multi-headed microscope,
and also viewing protein
expression data.
Genetic Pathologist Dr
Scott Mead (pictured
top and middle) and
Professor Andrew
Biankin (head of
pancreatic cancer
research at Garvan)
with next generation
sequencing equipment
to be installed in The
Kinghorn Cancer Centre.
Bioinformatics experts
Drs Jianmin Wu and
Mark Cowley (lower
left) will form part of
the team that analyses
output from the
sequencers.
The Kinghorn Cancer Centre is a joint venture
between Garvan and St Vincent's Hospital that will
provide around 11,000m2 of research and clinical
space and bring together the scientific and medical
expertise of the two partners to provide a
personalised medicine approach to the treatment
and care of cancer patients.
The 250-plus researchers and clinicians working in
this purpose-built cancer centre will ensure that
clinical challenges drive laboratory research, and
that research findings are applied quickly to clinical
care. As well as state-of-the-art clinical and
consulting rooms and laboratories, the centre will
provide workspaces and meeting rooms so that
researchers and clinicians can come together into
multidisciplinary teams to exchange information
and ideas about the diagnosis, treatment and care
of cancers.
In 2011, the bulk of construction was completed,
with the building 'topping out' in November. This
allowed the installation of the facade and internal
fit-out to commence. A number of events and site
visits were arranged throughout the year to enable
donors and supporters of the project an opportunity
to see first-hand the technical, engineering and
design complexity that will underpin this state-ofthe-art facility. Thanks to the unflagging work of all
involved in the construction phase, the centre
remains on track to begin operations in mid-2012.
The vision and concept of The Kinghorn Cancer
Centre is one that many people have found
engaging and appealing. Thanks to the support of
a key group of visionaries, the project has secured
close to $40,000,000 in philanthropic support.
These visionaries include:
Mr John and Mrs Jill Kinghorn
The Ferris Family Foundation
Mr Roy and Mrs Cindy Manassen
Mr Greg and Mrs Kerry Paramor
The Petersen Family Foundation
Mr Laurie Sutton
Mr Nicholas and Mrs Angela Curtis
Mr Cyril Golding
Mr John Porter and Ms Susan Mougey
Mr Tony and Mrs Coleen De Saxe
Mr Simon and Mrs Catriona Mordant
In addition, the Australian Cancer Research Foundation
(ACRF) committed significant funds in memory of
Lady Sonia McMahon, a founding member of the
ACRF. The Nelune Foundation, a long time benefactor
of cancer services at St Vincent's Hospital, has also
provided a leadership gift towards the fit-out of a
new outpatient chemotherapy suite, putting the
comfort and amenity of patients at the heart of
the design.
THE KINGHORN CANCER CENTRE
29
Lder | PrOfeor David JAs
PhD student Sean
Humphrey (top left) leads
a project using the latest
mass spectrometry
technologies to study
Type 2 diabetes as a
system. Using the
emerging discipline
known as 'proteomics',
Sean screens thousands
of proteins, the
functional molecules in
cells, simultaneously.
Investigating muscle and
fat cells, he looks at the
ways proteins change in
direct response to stimuli
such as insulin. Seen
working with Dr Daniel
Fazakerley (top) and Dr
Matthew Prior.
f
Program Summary
Obesity has emerged as a major risk factor for a
series of diseases. Aside from the obvious diabetes, heart disease and stroke - a number of
less intuitive candidates include cancer of the
breast, bowel, kidney and oesophagus as well as
Alzheimer's disease. This strengthens the notion
that modern living, probably food, has increased our
predisposition to many diseases that are linked
mechanistically and biologically. This provides a firm
basis for convergent thinking in research of noncommunicable disease and in intervention. Because
many of these diseases take years to develop with a
tremendous heterogeneity throughout the
population it would seem that it is a gradual long
term accumulation of damage that ultimately
compromises health and there is some kind of
genetic influence on the likelihood that this will
occur. Due to the immense time delay in disease
onset in humans it is difficult to pinpoint those
factors that cause the damage and then which
kinds of damage cause disease. In a perfect world
we would follow the progression of all of these
parameters in different individuals throughout the
course of their lives and try to dissect cause from
effect. Unfortunately this cannot be done and so
we are forced to use simpler more tractable model
systems to recapitulate these complex processes
and then strategically use this information to
determine its relevance to human disease. This is
the approach that our program has begun to carve
out and will represent our major focus for the next
5 years.
Research Highlights
_ Discovery of two new insulin regulated Akt
substrates that demarcate novel actions of insulin
on cell motility and on autophagy.
_ The proteins comprising the cell surface of the
adipocyte were sequenced using mass
spectrometry revealing the repertoire of
receptors, channels, transporters and other
molecules expressed in this important organelle.
_ Established that eradication of the Hepatitis C
virus in infected humans results in correction of
insulin resistance; we have previously shown this
insulin resistance is in muscle, rather than liver.
_ Identified Id1 as a novel inhibitor of insulin
secretion and beta cell differentiation.
_ Demonstrated that increasing the amount of a
transcriptional co-activator can up-regulate
mitochondrial metabolism and alleviate fatinduced insulin resistance.
People Highlights
_ Ross Laybutt was awarded an NHMRC Project
Grant and Michael Swarbrick, Samantha Hocking
and Amanda Brandon were also Chief
Investigators on a successful NHMRC Project
Grant application.
_ Ted Kraegen, David James and their United States
colleague Neil Ruderman, were awarded a National
Institutes of Health (NIH) grant to investigate
regulation of glucose metabolism in muscle.
_ Demonstrated that fat accumulation in the liver, in
response to a high fat diet, depends on the action
of an enzyme, which can be targeted to improve
insulin action.
_ David James, together with Jiming Ye from RMIT,
was successful in obtaining an ARC grant to study
drug discovery in diabetes.
_ Identified a previously unappreciated link between
ceramide metabolism, disrupted protein trafficking
and ER stress in beta cell death in Type 2 diabetes.
_ Will Hughes was successful on an NHMRC Project
grant “Regulation of glucose uptake by
tropomyosins and myosins” with Peter Gunning
and Edna Hardeman at UNSW.
_ Establishment of the Garvan Mass Spectrometry
facility.
_ Comprehensive analysis of the insulin-regulated
phosphoproteome provides the first glimpse of
the extent of insulin action and the many
molecules it invokes to get the job done.
_ Katherine Samaras and Susan Clark were
successful in a cross-Garvan collaboration in
obtaining funding from the CSIRO's Science and
Industry Endowment Fund for “Early Nutrition, the
Epigenome and the Prevention of Disease”. The
project will examine the role of nutrition in the
epigenetics of obesity, in collaboration with
researchers from the University of Adelaide,
CSIRO Sydney and CSIRO Adelaide.
DIABETES & OBESITY PROGRAM
31
_ David James and Trevor Biden were re-appointed
to the NHMRC Fellowship Scheme.
_ Guang Yang was awarded a postdoctoral
fellowship from the NHMRC.
_ Ebru Boslem was awarded the Young Garvan
fellowship.
_ Poh Sim-Khoo, Ebru Boslem, Alex Rowland, Brian
Chan, Lauren Wright, Jane Reznick, Mia Akerfeldt
were awarded PhD degrees.
_ Recruitment of Daniel Hesselson from University
of California (UCSF). Dan is an expert in the use of
zebra fish to study insulin secretion.
_ Jeng Yie Chan was awarded the Australian Diabetes
Society Young Investigator of the Year award.
_ Dorit Samocha-Bonet won the ADS Skip Martin
Early Career Fellowship.
Research Groups
Appetite and Adiposity in Pre-diabetes and
Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS)
Group Leader: Professor Lesley Campbell AM
Our group focuses on the underlying defects in
metabolism and appetite control in prediabetes and
in the commonest genetic obesity disorder, Prader
Willi Syndrome (PWS). The latter is associated with
relentless weight gain after childhood and is
distressing to manage. In collaboration with Royal
Prince Alfred Hospital PWS Clinic, we have shown a
resistance to common satiety hormones but high
levels of a “hunger” hormone ghrelin in these
individuals. We have conducted a pilot study in
PWS, which shows that available diabetes/weight
control drugs have efficacy without obvious sideeffects. We have shown that individuals predisposed
to Type 2 diabetes co-inherit obesity genes with
type 2 diabetes genes. From an overfeeding study,
where relatives of people with diabetes gained
significantly more weight than those without such
relatives, we have been able to identify the early
changes associated with development of insulin
resistance in healthy humans with weight gain and
are characterising the accompanying lipidomic
profiles in muscle and plasma.
Fat, Infection and Insulin Resistance
Group Leader: Professor Don Chisholm AO
We have now completed studies of patients with
Hepatitis C, which is known to increase insulin
resistance and risk of Type 2 Diabetes. This work, in
conjunction with the Storr Liver Unit at Westmead
Hospital, has shown that the insulin resistance is in
muscle - not, as previously believed, in liver and is
reversed when the virus is eradicated by antiviral
treatment. Work continues on the transcription
factor, Islet 1, which is uniquely expressed in visceral
fat and modulates fat cell differentiation, by a
mechanism involving C/EBa and PPARg. Islet 1 may
be important in restraining the adverse effects of
this “noxious” fat.
32
DIABETES & OBESITY PROGRAM
Molecular Metabolism
Group Leader: Associate Professor Greg Cooney
Fat accumulation causes problems with metabolism
that can lead to Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and
stroke. The major focus of the Cooney group is to
understand factors (genetic, environmental and
hormonal) that control fat accumulation in muscle
and liver and to use this information to devise
strategies to reduce fat in these tissues and improve
insulin action. When fat enters a cell from blood
there are two major choices for its fate. It is either
stored as an intracellular lipid or it is channelled into
the mitochondria, where it is burned to produce
energy. We are studying the regulation of glucose
and fat metabolism and how tissue metabolism
changes at different times of the day. These studies
will help explain how increased food availability and
altered eating habits have contributed to the rapid
increase in obesity and metabolic disease.
ER Stress and Protein Misfolding
Group Leader: Associate Professor Antony Cooper
Our group aims to understand how cells cope, or fail
to cope, with the stress that can result from the
over-production of proteins and misfolding of
proteins within a cellular compartment called the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER stress is directly
applicable to a growing number of diseases
including diabetes, as well as many diseases of the
brain like Huntington's, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and
motor neuron disease. Either the cell 'burns out',
generates an excess of harmful products, or
accumulates unmanageable amounts of unusable
proteins, which ultimately lead to cell death. If the
mechanism by which these stressors induce cell
death can be elucidated, this may enable
identification of potential points of intervention to
help cells deal with extra demands.
Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism
Group Leader: Dr Jerry Greenfield
We have completed a major clinical study in a
cohort of individuals with a broad range of
metabolic defects to dissect molecular defects that
cause muscle insulin resistance. Inclusion of an
unusual group of 'healthy obese' individuals enabled
us to uncouple the contributions of obesity and
insulin resistance to disease risk. These studies have
led to a major breakthrough in our understanding of
metabolic disease in that insulin resistance was
found to be 'selective' for carbohydrate metabolism
while other actions of insulin were normal. This led
us to propose a model whereby the defect in
carbohydrate metabolism triggers the pancreas to
over secrete insulin which hyper stimulates those
actions of insulin that are not defective. These latter
effects could be more damaging than insulin
resistance per se.
Studies have also been established examining the
effects of the amino acid glutamine on metabolism,
in isolation and in combination with a new diabetes
medication. Glutamine appears to have a promising
effect on glucose lowering after a meal and may
offer a simple, novel and effective treatment in
Type 2 diabetes.
Sean Humphrey
analyses levels of
protein expression
through time - first
with the help of a new
generation mass
spectrometer. Then
(below) with Garvan
bioinformatician
Pengyi Yang.
Phospholipid Biology
Group Leader: Dr Will Hughes
Our goal is to apply cutting edge live cell
microscopy techniques to understand
complex processes in individual
mammalian cells. We have developed
state of the art fluorescent probes to
study the insulin dependent movement of
the glucose transporter to the surface of
muscle and adipocytes. This system
mimics the situation that occurs in our
muscle and fat cells each time we eat a
meal. Using this approach we can watch
these molecules moving toward the
membrane and then deciding whether to
merge with the membrane or return to
the cellular interior. Importantly we are
beginning to use molecular approaches to
dissect how this process becomes
disrupted in disease.
Cellular Systems Biology
Group Leader: Professor David James FAA
We are using 'omics approaches to
deconvolute the complexity of metabolic
disease. This involves the measurement of
thousands of parameters in cells or
animals as they transition between
different metabolic states. Then by using
mathematics, engineering and physics our
goal is to construct an in silico model for
metabolic disease. Such a model can be
used to provide novel insights in to
complex diseases and as a vehicle for in
silico drug discovery.
Diabetes and Metabolism
Group Leader: Professor Edward Kraegen
Understanding how too much fat causes
insulin resistance in muscle and liver is the
major thrust of our work. Various
experimental models and state-of-theart techniques are being used to identify
and manipulate key proteins in muscle
that link fat metabolism to insulin action.
These continue to play a role investigating
various physiological consequences of
basic findings in the Program (e.g.
oxidative stress and insulin action). We are
investigating important signalling
pathways, particularly involving the
hormone adiponectin and enzyme AMPkinase, a major intracellular regulator of
cellular energy status, and how they
influence potency of insulin action in
muscle. Further work with Boston
University, partly funded by the US
funding agency NIH, is opening up new
ways of looking at the early stages of
muscle insulin resistance in response to
increased nutrient availability. Lastly
studies using traditional Chinese
medicines aim to help identify new
insulin-sensitising agents that could be
more useful than current therapeutics.
Adipose tissue biology in diabetes
Group Leader: Associate Professor
Katherine Samaras
Obesity is the major factor accelerating
development of Type 2 diabetes.
Dysregulation of adipose tissue biology
impacts upon metabolism and
inflammation. We have found modest
weight reduction improves immune
function in morbidly obese people with
Type 2 diabetes, associated with
reductions in arterial stiffness. Our results
show these improvements are not
explained by weight loss. We have also
shown that obese people with diabetes
have greater levels of genes regulating
inflammation in abdominal fat. We are
currently investigating the role of
circulatory and tissue-based inflammation
in the reversal of diabetes with weight
reduction, which will provide insights into
how diabetes develops and identify
potential targets for treating the
commonest form of diabetes.
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics
Group leader: Dr Nigel Turner
Mitochondria are the primary site of
energy production within cells.
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked
with a number of inherited and acquired
human diseases and has also been
implicated in the aging process. A major
focus of our studies is to examine how
alterations in mitochondrial function in
different tissues influences insulin action
in obesity and type 2 diabetes. We are
interested in how certain drugs and
different types of dietary fats affect
mitochondrial content and metabolism.
We are also examining the role of posttranslational modification in the function
of mitochondrial proteins. Another area of
research is the importance of alterations
in mitochondrial bioenergetics in certain
types of cancers.
Diabetes Signalling Unit
Beta Cell Signalling
Group Leader: Professor Trevor Biden
Increased beta cell death and disruption of
beta cell function are characteristics of
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. We have
discovered that the enzyme protein
kinase C delta (PKC¥) contributes to
disease onset in models of Type 1
diabetes and have shown that the
mechanism involves stabilisation of gene
transcripts encoding inflammatory
proteins. Another major project is
examining the molecular links between
fatty acids and beta cell death, with
particular emphasis on ER stress. We have
employed systems biology approaches to
screen lipid metabolites that change in
beta cells undergoing ER stress and
identified sphingolipids as potential
causative agents. Our ongoing work is
focused on delineating how and where
these lipid metabolites exert their effects.
Islet Biology
Group Leader: Dr Ross Laybutt
Our goal is to identify mechanisms
responsible for pancreatic beta cell
dysfunction and destruction in type 1 and
type 2 diabetes. We have discovered a
previously unrecognised role in beta cell
biology of a transcriptional regulator, Id1.
We identified Id1 as a novel inhibitor of
insulin secretion. Id1 expression plays a
crucial role in the abnormalities in beta cell
gene expression and glucose homeostasis
induced by excess fat. Studies have also
made important contributions to
understanding how cytokines produced by
the immune system lead to beta cell
killing. We investigated the role of stress
within the endoplasmic reticulum cellular
compartment in cytokine-mediated beta
cell death. Studies identified the signalling
molecules that control the decision of
beta cells to undergo cell death rather
than adapt to endoplasmic reticulum
stress and survive a cytokine attack.
Insulin Signalling
Group Leader: Dr Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer
My group has previously shown that the
protein kinase C (PKC) family of enzymes
plays an important role in metabolic
disease. We are currently using proteomic
approaches to identify downstream
targets of specific PKC members, which
will provide insights into the molecular
mechanisms by which they control
glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver.
We have identified novel candidates,
which may mediate these effects and
which we are now pursuing, to determine
whether they may be new targets for
intervention. We have also studied the
role of different lipid species in insulin
action in muscle and have discovered
distinct effects of lipid modifying
enzymes, which play positive or negative
roles in insulin action and glucose disposal.
In combination with high throughput lipid
analysis, we are testing the actions of
these enzymes in cell, tissue and animal
models of fat-induced insulin resistance to
determine those that can be modulated
to improve whole body glucose
metabolism.
DIABETES & OBESITY PROGRAM
35
Overview
Scientific Program
The Diabetes Vaccine Development Centre (DVDC)
was established in 2003 through a major joint
initiative of the National Health and Medical
Research Council (NHMRC) and Juvenile Diabetes
Research Foundation (JDRF).
Type 1 Diabetes Prevention Study, INIT II
This is a Phase 2, multi-centre, randomised, double
blind, placebo-controlled trial of intranasal insulin
(440IU) in children and young adults at risk of Type
1 diabetes. The aim of this project is to determine
whether the administration of insulin via an intranasal
route will result in a protective immune response.
With the assistance of a grant from the NSW
Government, DVDC relocated from Melbourne to
Garvan in 2007. It became a company limited by
guarantee with Garvan as the sole member in 2008.
DVDC is governed by a Board representing its major
stakeholders (Garvan, JDRF and NHMRC), as well as
internationally recognised scientists and biotechnology
executives with expertise in the fields of diabetes
and vaccine development.
The Centre's mission is to provide a platform to
translate Type 1 diabetes research into improved
clinical outcomes - prevention and therapy.
With substantial in-house expertise for the conduct
of clinical trials, DVDC currently manages a portfolio
of preclinical and clinical research projects (see
below), and coordinates a network of eleven trial
sites across Australia and New Zealand. The
Network has focused on children and young adults,
and is now expanding to include more of the adult
Type 1 diabetic population.
Highlights
_ Opened new trial sites in Monash, Victoria, and
Munich, Germany, for the INIT II Study
_ Executed a Co-operation Deed with the
Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group (APEG) to
work together to enhance the management and
coordination of Type 1 diabetes trials in Australia
and New Zealand.
_ Entered into a Consultancy Agreement with Cell
Care Australia for the provision of consulting
services by DVDC.
36
DIABETES VACCINE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE
Study of Proinsulin Peptide Immunotherapy in Newonset Type 1 Diabetes (MonoPepT1De Study)
Peptide immunotherapy represents a novel
approach to preventing loss of insulin production
from the pancreas in Type 1 diabetes. The
MonoPepT1De Study, which is being conducted in
the UK, aims to address the safety of P1 peptide
administration in newly-diagnosed T1D preparatory
to a larger study to determine whether this
intervention promotes the survival of residual
insulin-producing beta cells.
Use of BAFF Blockers to Prevent Type 1
Diabetes in Man
DVDC has supported Associate Professor Shane
Grey at Garvan to undertake pre-clinical studies
aimed at testing a therapy targeting the B cell arm
of the immune system. Using non-obese diabetic
(NOD) mice, this study aimed to test the hypothesis
that B-cell depletion, by way of BAFF-blockade, will
restore tolerance to islets and prevent diabetes
occurrence. Complete prevention of diabetes in
NOD mice was achieved. DVDC has been liaising
with Associate Professor Grey in relation to the
design of a project that moves this work from the
lab to a clinical application.
Rowena Tucker
CEO
DVDC Limited
Membership of the DVDC Board
Professor Don Chisholm AO FRACP (Chair)
Senior Principal Research Fellow
Diabetes and Obesity Research Program
Garvan
Professor John Shine AO FAA
Executive Director
Garvan
Mr John Dakin
Chief Operating Officer
Garvan
Mr Paul Eisen
VP Sales & Marketing, Australia & Asia Pacific
KarmelSonix
Professor Ian Frazer FAA
CEO and Director of Research
Translational Research Institute Pty Ltd
Mr Stephen Higgs
Chair Board of Directors
JDRF Australia
Ms Christina Hardy
Director Business Development & Legal Affairs
Garvan
Membership of the DVDC Scientific
Advisory Committee
Professor Ian Frazer FAA (Chair)
CEO and Director of Research
Translational Research Institute Pty Ltd
Dr Teo Staeva
Director Immune Therapies
JDRFi
New York, USA
Professor Chris Goodnow FAA FRS
Director Immunogenomics Laboratory & Director
Australian Phenomics Facility
John Curtin School of Medical Research
The Australian National University
Professor Leonard C Harrison
Head Diabetes Laboratory
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
Professor Peter Colman
(alternate to Professor Harrison)
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology
Royal Melbourne Hospital
Mr Stephen Higgs
Chair Board of Directors
JDRF Australia
Dr Dorota Pawlak
Head of Research & Development
JDRF Australia
Dr Roland Tisch
Department of Microbiology & Immunology
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, USA
Membership of the DVDC Finance
Committee
Mr John Dakin (Chair)
Chief Operating Officer
Garvan
Mr Stephen Higgs
Chair Board of Directors
JDRF Australia
Mr Mike Wilson
Chief Executive Officer
JDRF Australia
Professor Don Chisholm
Chair
DVDC Board
Ms Rowena Tucker
Chief Executive Officer
DVDC
Mr Ron McNeilly
A/g Director Research Administration
National Health and Medical Research Council
Dr Carla Greenbaum
Director Diabetes Clinical Research
Benaroya Research Institute
Virginia Mason, Seattle, USA
DIABETES VACCINE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE
37
Lder | AOcia PrOfeor Robert Bri
Garvan immunologist
Associate Professor
Stuart Tangye, specialist
in immunodeficiency
disorders, pictured top
(right) discussing a
patient's notes with
collaborator Associate
Professor John Ziegler
at Sydney Children's
Hospital, Randwick.
Senior Research
Assistant Danielle
Priestley pipettes blood
samples from patients in order to isolate white
(immune) cells.
Program Summary
The immune system is designed to protect us from
dangerous attacks whether they come from outside
the body in the form of infections, or from inside
the body in the form of cancer. At the same time,
the system must learn to avoid attacking our own
tissues or reacting to minor threats like pollens and
house dust mites. When this balance is upset and
the controls fail, the outcomes are diseases ranging
from life threatening infections and malignant tumours
to autoimmune conditions (eg Rheumatoid arthritis
and Type 1 diabetes) and allergies (eg asthma).
The work of the research team in the Garvan
Immunology Program is divided between studying
how a normal immune system functions in a
balanced way and how this goes wrong when
disease occurs. To this end, use is made of the
latest models of human diseases to improve our
understanding of their pathology and devise better
ways of treating them. The latest technologies in
manipulating and analysing immune cell behaviour
are employed. These include sophisticated gene
manipulation and analysis techniques, precise and
detailed approaches for analysing the rare cell
populations that initiate immune responses, and the
new capability to microscopically visualise individual
cells as they function within the body.
Research Highlights
_ Identified the cytokine (chemical messenger)
IL-21 as the main driver of successful antibody
responses in people.
_ Determined the genetic defect in the cytotoxic
immune cells (killer T cells) of patients with a
particular immunodeficiency that renders them
defenceless when infected with the EpsteinBarr virus.
_ Identified an important role for the signalling
protein DOCK8 in the development and
differentiation of killer T cells.
_ Collaborated with the Cancer Program to
characterise the role of the hedgehog protein in
breast cancer.
_ Identified the cIAP proteins to be fundamental
regulators of antibody production as well as
potential tumour suppressors in B cells.
_ Showed that the EBI2 receptor was responsible
for previously unexplained movements of B cells
during an immune response.
_ Identified a new subset of T cells that home to
the gut and are involved in the induction of
autoimmunity.
_ Showed that if offspring have a mother with
diabetes in pregnancy, they get fat, and if they
also inherit the risk for diabetes, they get even
fatter – suggesting that control of blood sugar
levels in pregnant women is important in preventing
their babies growing up to be fat adults.
_ Showed that 41% of a cohort of pregnant women
with gestational diabetes in Sydney had low
Vitamin D levels and that this was associated with
higher blood sugar levels in pregnancy.
_ Revealed that the CD94/NKG2A inhibitory
molecule is downregulated during immune
responses to promote the activity of anti-viral
killer T cells.
People Highlights
_ Associate Professor Shane Grey was an invited
plenary speaker at several international meetings:
the International Transplant Society's Basic
Science Symposium Boston USA 2011; the 5th
Asian Autoimmunity Congress 2011, Singapore;
and the 41st meeting of the Australasian Society
for Immunology. He was also invited to write a
review for Trends in Immunology.
_ Jeanette Villanueva was awarded the Kidney
Health Australia Award by the Transplantation
Society of Australia and New Zealand.
_ Nathan Zammit was awarded a Travel Award by
the Transplantation Society of Australia and New
Zealand to present his work at the Cell Transplant
Meeting in Miami USA.
IMMUNOLOGY PROGRAM
39
_ Dr Daniel Christ was awarded an NHMRC
development grant to further advance his
collaboration with St Vincent's Hospital on the
development of antibody-based therapeutics.
_ Romain Rouet won the 2011 Castle-Harlan Award
as the most outstanding second year PhD student
for his work on antibody therapeutics.
_ Dr Kendle Maslowski won the 2011 Garvan thesis
prize for the Institute's most outstanding PhD
thesis of the year.
_ Stuart Tangye was promoted to Associate
Professor at the University of NSW. He was also
awarded the Gottschalk Medal by the Australian
Academy of Sciences, which recognises
“outstanding research in the medical sciences by
scientists under 40 years”; was an organiser of,
and invited plenary speaker at, the Keystone
Symposia on New Insights into Normal versus
Dysregulated B Cell Function, held in Whistler,
Canada; was an invited plenary speaker at the
Swiss Society of Immunology and Allergy annual
meeting, held in Lugano, Switzerland; and was
invited to be an Advisory Editor with the Journal
of Experimental Medicine and an Associate Editor
for the Journal of Immunology.
_ Dr Elissa Deenick was an invited speaker at the
annual meeting of the Japanese Society of
Immunology, help in Chiba, Japan; was selected to
present her work as an oral presentation at the
Keystone Symposia on New Insights into Normal
versus Dysregulated B Cell Function, held in
Whistler, Canada; was awarded an NHMRC Project
grant to continue her studies into the function of
STAT3 in the function of immune cells; and was
appointed as co-editor of the News &
Commentary section for the journal Immunology
& Cell Biology.
_ Dr Cindy Ma was awarded a travel bursary to
attend the Keystone Symposia on New Insights
into Normal versus Dysregulated B Cell Function,
held in Whistler, Canada.
_ Dr Mainthan Palendira was awarded a travel
bursary to attend the FOCIS meeting held in
Washington DC.
_ Helen McGuire was the 2011 winner of the first
quarter prize for best PhD thesis in the School of
Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW.
_ Emeritus Professor Tony Basten attended the
Cambridge Immunology Forum.
_ Dr Marcel Batten received an NHMRC CDA
Fellowship.
40
IMMUNOLOGY PROGRAM
_ Dr Cecile King won the 2012 Diabetes Australia
Research Trust (DART) Millennium award; was
invited to write reviews for Immunity and Trends
in Immunology; was an invited speaker at the
2011 International Conference of Diabetes and
Metabolism in Seoul, Korea and the 2011
International congress for Mucosal Immunology in
Paris; and was elected to the board of councillors
for the Society of Mucosal Immunology.
_ PhD students Tyani Chan, Eliana Marino, Kenneth
Ho and Helen McGuire all had their doctoral theses
formally accepted by the University of NSW.
_ Dr Jenny Gunton was promoted to Associate
Professor at University of NSW and at University
of Sydney.
_ Dr Jenny Gunton was invited to speak at the 2012
Keystone Advances in Hypoxic Signalling meeting.
_ Associate Professor Robert Brink was invited to
work with an international team of scientists to
prepare a special issue of Immunological Reviews
focusing on the Germinal Centre response; and
was invited to be a plenary speaker at the Keystone
Symposium on B Cell Biology in January, 2013.
_ Dr Tyani Chan was awarded a bursary to attend
the annual conference of the Australasian Society
of Immunology and participate in the finals of the
New Investigator of the Year competition. She
was also selected to present her work as an oral
presentation at the Keystone Symposia on New
Insights into Normal versus Dysregulated B Cell
Function, held in Whistler, Canada.
Research Groups
Cellular Immunity
Group Leader: Professor Jonathan Sprent FAA FRS
Our team is interested in the development and fate
of T cells – white blood cells that participate in a
variety of immune responses but can somehow
distinguish between self and foreign antigens. One
of the unknown questions that is central to
maintaining the immune system's homeostasis is
how are these cells destroyed once their mission is
complete and infections are overcome? We know
that most self-destruct while a few live on to
become memory T cells, which are activated by a
re-infection, but we don't know the factors that
determine their destiny. Application of our work lies
in harnessing the immune system to boost its
attack on cancerous tumours and, conversely,
dampening down the immune response to treat
autoimmune diseases.
Dr Umaimainthan
Palendira and A/Prof
Tangye (top) check
responses of white
blood cells under the
microscope, after they
have been cultured in
various substances.
Dr Elissa Deenick
(middle) sets up a gel
to measure protein
expression levels.
Dr Cindy Ma (below)
indentifying various
cell types using a flow
cytometer.
B Cell Biology
Group Leader: Associate Professor Robert Brink
and Emeritus Professor Antony Basten FAA FTSE
B lymphocytes (B cells) produce secreted antibodies
in response to the entry of foreign substances and
microorganisms into the body. Antibodies bind
specifically to these foreign “antigens” and target
them for destruction and elimination. Autoimmune
diseases such as immune thrombocytopenic
purpura, myasthenia gravis and hemolytic anemia
can arise when B cells produce rogue antibodies
that attack the body itself instead of the foreign
invaders. The growth and survival of B cells can also
become dysregulated, leading to B cell malignancies
such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Our
laboratory has developed a unique system that
allows the detailed characterisation of B cells
participating in all phases of an immune response.
This system is used to identify the genes, signalling
pathways and intercellular interactions that regulate
B cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in
the body. By understanding how B cells function we
hope to reveal new strategies for improving
vaccines, controlling autoimmune disease, and
treating B cell cancers.
Gene Therapy & Autoimmunity
Group leader: Associate Professor Shane Grey
Our laboratory is interested in the how and why of
the immune system's attack on the body's tissues
as it occurs during the rejection of organ grafts and
in autoimmune disorders like Type I diabetes where
the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed.
Approaches include examining factors that regulate
the immune attack on our own cells and
investigating the molecular changes that occur in
the tissue being attacked in the hope of, one day,
being able to genetically engineer tissues that could
withstand the assault. This strategy would alleviate
the need for the toxic immunosuppressive drugs
currently required to promote successful organ
transplantation and, in the case of Type I diabetes,
enable creation of a 'death-defying' beta cell as a
novel cure.
Immunology & Immunodeficiency
Group Leader: Associate Professor Stuart Tangye
Our focus is on understanding the development and
effector function of B cells – the population of
white blood cells responsible for the production of
protective antibodies – and the mechanisms
underlying the regulation of antibody responses. We
are particularly interested in finding out how the
immune system responds to infections or
vaccinations by providing us with a 'memory' of the
response so that we cope faster and better
following subsequent exposure to the same
infectious agent. The development of
immunological memory involves interactions
42
IMMUNOLOGY PROGRAM
between B cells and 'helper' T cells – another subset
of immune cells that controls the behaviour of B cells.
Thus, a major focus of our work is to understand
exactly how helper T cells instruct B cells to
produce antibodies. We also investigate the
requirements for the immune system to generate
protective responses against viruses, such as
Epstein Barr virus which is also known to cause
cancer. Our approach to these questions involves
studying several genetic conditions of the immune
system, and corresponding mouse models, that
result in immunodeficiencies – which are often lifethreatening disorders where affected individuals are
unable to mount appropriate immune responses
following exposure to some infections or pathogens.
These diseases include X-linked lymphoproliferative
disease, the autosomal dominant and autosomal
recessive hyper-IgE syndromes, and X-linked severe
combined immunodeficiency. Overall, we hope to
identify means to improve the immune response in
individuals with immunodeficiencies and, conversely,
ways in which the immune system of patients with
autoimmune diseases could be controlled.
Immunobiology of Cancer
Group leader: Dr Tatyana Chtanova
Our group is interested in understanding how the
immune system responds to cancer and how these
responses can be manipulated to produce better
anti-cancer therapeutics. We have developed an
innovative system to visualise immune cells in vivo
in intact tumours and to 'tag' tumour-infiltrating
cells. With the aid of 2-photon microscopy, a
cutting edge technique that allows us to 'see' cells
hundreds of microns below the surface of intact
organs, we are monitoring the interactions between
the tumour and immune cells taking place below the
tumour surface. Using this system together with a
novel reporter to mark tumour-infiltrating cells, we
can determine whether these cells participate in
anti-tumour immune responses or whether they aid
tumour metastasis, one of the most fearsome
aspects of cancer.
Mucosal Autoimmunity
Group leader: Dr Cecile King
Our laboratory is interested in how T lymphocytes
drive autoimmune responses that cause destruction
of tissues at the mucosal interface between the
body's own tissues and the environment. We focus
on the chemokine and cytokine networks that
direct the regional specification of immunity and
autoimmunity. Broad-based immunosuppression is
commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases and
transplant recipients, but it has an obvious drawback
since we need a functioning immune system in
order to thrive. The aim of our research is to identify
target molecules that will enable the selective
suppression of self-tissue destructive T cells.
Antibody Engineering
Group leader: Dr Daniel Christ
Our laboratory is working on the development of
novel antibody therapeutics. In particular, we are
interested in the engineering of human antibody
fragments, which are considerably smaller than
current monoclonal antibodies. Human antibody
fragments (such as domain antibodies) can be
generated by genetic engineering technology,
completely bypassing the use of animals. These
fragments can be produced in large quantities in
bacteria and open up promising new routes for nonintravenous applications, imaging and therapy. We
are applying our technology to targets in cancer and
inflammatory diseases.
B Cell Tolerance and Autoimmunity
Dr Pablo Silveira
Our ultimate goal is to prevent the immune system
attacking the insulin producing beta cells of the
pancreas, which leads to Type 1 diabetes. Our
research aims to identify the faulty mechanisms
that allow B cells recognising beta cell proteins to
persist and thus activate destructive T cells. We
also aim to identify novel genes that control the
generation and function of this aberrant population
of B cells, findings that could form the basis for new
therapies to prevent or reverse Type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes and Transcription Factors
Group leader: Associate Professor Jenny Gunton
The causes of beta-cell failure are not well
understood, but we know there are changes in
these cells' gene expression that can yield clues
about what is going wrong. Through the use of a
variety of tissue-specific knockout and transgenic
mice we hope to identify why beta cell failure
occurs as well as ways to improve beta cell function
and thereby treat diabetes and diabetes in
pregnancy. We are currently focusing on a two main
factors: HIF-1, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR),
both of which are decreased in the beta cell
containing islets of people with Type 2 diabetes.
Recently we have been working on a drug which
improves diabetes in mice, and are in the process of
starting a human clinical trial.
Translational Immunology
Group leader: Professor Charles Mackay FAA
Professor Mackay continues to run a small group of
students and postdoctoral researchers at Garvan
after taking up a Chair at Monash University in
2009. Their research is studying the link between
diet, fatty acid binding proteins and asthma, as well
as looking more broadly at the links between
inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma
and Airways
Head: Professor Charles Mackay FAA
Group leader: Dr David Zahra
A node of the CRC for Asthma and Airways, our
group has focused on the G- protein coupled
receptors, GPR43 and GPR18. Knock out animals
have demonstrated that these two molecules are
important in inflammatory disease. The natural
ligand for GPR43 is acetate and animal models have
demonstrated that agonists of GPR43, such as
acetate, have beneficial therapeutic efficacy. Hence,
one major aim is to isolate a novel small molecule
ligand that could act as an agonist of GPR43. To
facilitate the isolation of a small molecule agonist, a
collaboration with the WEHI Biotechnology research
centre has been initiated to screen their library of
small molecules. Another main aim is to isolate
antibodies to GPR43 and GPR18, which would be
used for diagnostic and potentially therapeutic
purposes. Our work has also developed a promising
therapeutic that neutralises the function of the
cytokine GM-CSF. GM-CSF has been linked to a
number of inflammatory diseases including asthma
and rheumatoid arthritis, and we have developed an
antibody that neutralises this cytokine. Three
patents protect the potential therapeutic and a
feasibility study has been conducted in collaboration
with a major pharmaceutical company. Negotiations
are on going to complete this licensing agreement.
Immunobiology of Cytokines
Group leader: Dr Marcel Batten
Immune responses, be they beneficial responses to
infection or harmful autoimmune responses, require
highly coordinated interactions between various
immune cells. One cell type that is very important
for orchestrating the response is called a “T cell”.
These cells do their work by producing chemical
signals called cytokines. My group is interested in
how T cells control immune responses, with a
particular interest in how things go wrong during
autoimmune disease and whether we can identify
points of intervention. In particular, we are
interested in the autoimmune diseases multiple
sclerosis (MS) and lupus. We are closely studying a
recently identified cytokine, called IL27, which we
have now shown to be important in these disease
processes. We are also working to understand the
function of a number of new proteins with links to
MS. We hope our work will inform us as to whether
these cytokines and other proteins could form the
basis for new therapeutics.
IMMUNOLOGY PROGRAM
43
Lder | PrOfeor Herbert HerzOg
Dr Greg Neely (top) maps
heart, pain and appetite
genes in fruit flies and
people to identify overlaps,
and then tests to see if
the genes are 'functionally
relevant' in mice. The flies
are housed in tubes in a
large incubator.
Research Assistant
Annora Thoeng (right)
prepares food (a
concoction of yeast and
sugar) for the flies.
Dr Carla Gentile (left)
deposits different kinds of
food (identified by colour)
on a petri dish to
determine fly preferences.
Program Overview
The Neuroscience Research Program aims to
increase our understanding of the neuronal systems
involved in disorders such as Parkinson's disease,
Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, eating disorders
and hearing loss. The program has recently been
expanding its interest in other research areas with
several new groups joining including a group
focusing on brain control of bone formation, a group
investigating neuronal cell activity in Alzheimer's
disease, and a group focusing on pain research. We
aim to identify new therapeutic approaches in these
areas, with a special interest in regenerating the
nervous system for therapeutic purposes as well as
achieving a better understanding of the brain's control
of body functions including the regulation of energy
balance (intake and expenditure), which affects
fertility, mood, weight gain and physical fitness.
Research Highlights
_ Discovered a new pain receptor required for
thermal pain sensation, conserved from flies to
humans, further highlighting pain perception as an
ancient process conserved through evolution.
_ Identified that the satiety hormone peptide YY
(PYY), in addition to being released into the gut
after a meal is also released into saliva from glands
in the tongue, helping to reduce food intake.
_ Detailed the skeletal actions of the major
circulating member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY)
family, PYY. These studies may shed new light on
our understanding of anorexia nervosa.
_ Initiated studies to investigate the role of NPY in
controlling osteoclasts, the bone removing cells
responsible for the major early post-menopausal
bone loss.
_ Demonstrated that male sex hormones are critical
for the positive actions of NPY in bone cells.
_ Conducted the first study of long-term oral
treatment to alter NPY signalling in living animals.
The drug BIBO3304 inhibits an NPY receptor,
leading to a significant increase in bone mass,
without adverse side effects.
_ Showed that NPY and PYY have different roles in
regulating olfactory stem cells during
neurogenesis.
_ Discovered a novel target of the enzyme GSK3 in
the brain, a protein called 'beta-adducin', which is
important for new synapse formation in learning
and memory.
_ Demonstrated significant biochemical change
(hyperphosphorylation) of a GSK3 target, a
protein called CRMP2, specifically in the brains of
Alzheimer's disease patients, but not in other
forms of dementia. This appears to occur early in
the disease process and has the potential to be a
biomarker for early and specific detection of
Alzheimer's disease.
_ Demonstrated the rescue of dopamine nerve cells
in a Parkinson's disease model, which opens up a
potential new therapeutic strategy for the disease.
People Highlights
_ Professor Herbert Herzog was invited to give the
plenary lecture at the 15th Japan Society for
Eating Disorder Conference in Kagoshima, Japan
and was also an invited speaker at the 6th
International Cachexia Conference, Milan, Italy. He
was awarded two NHMRC project grants, one
being ranked in the top 3 out of 3500
applications, and was renewed as an NHMRC
Principal Research Fellow.
_ Associate Professor Amanda Sainsbury-Salis
received an NHMRC Project Grant.
_ Dr Greg Neely was invited to speak at the
Drosophila Neurobiology meeting in Cold Spring
Harbor, as well as at the 61st Annual American
Society for Human Genetics meeting. He also
received the 2011 NHMRC Marshall and Warren
Award for most potentially transformative
research, as well as 3 NHMRC project grants and
an NHMRC Career Development fellowship.
_ Dr Kevin Wang received an NHMRC Early Career
Fellowship.
NEUROSCIENCE PROGRAM
45
_ Dr Bryce Vissel was reappointed as a member of
the scientific advisory board for Parkinson's NSW,
as well as reappointed to the editorial board of the
Journal of Neurochemistry.
weight gain leading to obesity but also wasting
conditions such as anorexia nervosa and cancer
cachexia as well as the metabolic resistance to
weight loss occurring in overweight or obese people.
_ Dr Paul Baldock received an NHMRC project grant.
He was invited to present a Meet the Professor
Session at the 2011 American Society for Bone
and Mineral Society meeting in San Diego. He was
also invited to join the scientific advisory
committee of the Australian and New Zealand
Bone and Mineral Society, as well as the
organising committee for the joint meeting of the
International Bone and Mineral Society and the
Japanese Society of Bone and Mineral Research in
Kobe in 2013.
Our main focus is on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its
Y-receptors, since many of the molecules that
regulate appetite and body weight do so via this
system. Our research findings have implications for
the treatment of obesity, infertility, poor lactation,
dwarfism, and osteoporosis, as well as anorexia
nervosa and cancer cachexia.
_ Ms Iris Wong's PhD thesis was accepted.
_ Ms Ayse Zengin received a Young Investigator
Award from the International Bone and Mineral
Society. Ayse also won the AMGEN Best
Presentation Award at the International Osteoporosis
Foundation Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting.
_ Dr Adam Cole was appointed Associate Editor of
the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Frontiers
in Neurodegeneration. He was also guest editor
of a special issue about GSK3 in the International
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.
_ Dr Carla Cunha received an Australian Society for
Stem Cell Research travel award to attend the
national conference in Melbourne.
Hearing Research
Group leader: Dr Sharon Oleskevich
Hearing loss due to noise trauma is one of the most
common sensory disabilities in humans, particularly
in industrialised countries. The Hearing Research
Group is investigating whether stem cell therapy
can reduce hearing loss caused by acute noise
trauma. Our research is focused on whether stem
cells can replace damaged cells or secrete factors
that enhance the survival and/or proliferation of
cells remaining in the inner ear. We have recently
discovered that transplanted stem cells can
integrate into the host tissue and can improve
hearing levels after noise trauma. Our research in
the ear is strengthened by investigations in the
brain, where we explore how nerve cell connections
are changed by deafness. Our goal is to develop
new initiatives to provide benefits to the young and
ageing community suffering from noise-induced
hearing loss.
Adult Stem Cell Research
Group leader: Professor John Shine AO FAA
Neural stem cells can be isolated from the adult
olfactory neuroepithelium (situated in the nose) and
grown in the laboratory in the form of olfactory
neurospheres. These structures are threedimensional aggregates of cells that are able to
grow into neuronal and non-neuronal cells. The
identity of the cell type within the olfactory
neuroepithelium that gives rise to these neural stem
cells remains elusive. Our group studies the basic
biology of adult olfactory stem cells with the aim of
identifying, isolating and propagating these cells and
to determine the conditions needed to transform
them into the different types of nerve cells found in
the brain, for example, those lost in Parkinson's or
Alzheimer's disease.
Neurodegenerative Disorders - Repair
and Regeneration
Group leader: Dr Bryce Vissel
The Neurodegeneration Research Group is working
to identify approaches to understand and treat
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and spinal
disorders. These are devastating neurodegenerative
diseases. Our goal is to harness the nervous
system's own repair systems, in order to stimulate
the formation of new nerve cells and their
connections. We also investigate approaches to
block nerve cell loss. Our team have identified new
mechanisms to stimulate brain repair and have
discovered potential approaches to block
neurodegeneration. We aim to develop new
therapeutic approaches with a goal of generating
outcomes for clinical trials in people. Our research
outcomes have significant theoretical and clinical
implications for impacting the lives of people who
confront devastating neurodegenerative diseases.
Eating Disorders Research
Group leaders: Professor Herbert Herzog and
Associate Professor Amanda Sainsbury-Salis
One of our laboratory's major goals is to understand
how appetite and body weight are regulated.
Defects in the brain pathways that regulate these
processes may be responsible for causing excess
Skeletal Neurobiology
Group leader: Dr Paul Baldock
Osteoporosis is characterised by a reduction in bone
density and therefore strength. It is caused by an
imbalance between bone production and bone loss.
Our group's research is primarily focused upon
investigating the influence of brain signals on bone
Research Groups
46
NEUROSCIENCE PROGRAM
Drs Neely and Gentile
discuss fly feeding
preferences - evidenced
by the quantity of dye in
their stomachs.
formation and strength and the coordination of
regulating body weight and bone formation. Our
investigations involving the effect of
neurotransmitter Neuropeptide Y (NPY) have
identified a novel and powerful pathway for
stimulating the production of bone and increasing
bone strength, suggesting an approach to new
treatment. These studies are identifying a much
broader and interconnected bone biology than has
previously been appreciated, which offers the
potential to develop novel therapeutic targets.
Neurosignalling Research Group
Group leader: Dr Adam Cole
GSK3 and Cdk5 are important brain enzymes that
control neuroplasticity, which is the ability of the
brain to change and refine itself in response to
different experiences and circumstances. This is
especially important for higher order functions, such
as learning and memory. Defects in GSK3 and Cdk5
function are implicated in the development of
several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's
disease, Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. In order
to understand how GSK3 and Cdk5 regulate
neuroplasticity in healthy and diseased brains, the
Neurosignalling Group focuses on discovering novel
targets of these enzymes. So far, we have discovered
10 targets involved in important brain functions,
such as synapse formation, neurotransmission and
neuronal survival. This information will not only
inform us of the mechanisms that control
neuroplasticity and cognitive function, but will also
help to identify new therapeutic targets for the
treatment of age-related cognitive decline,
dementias and mood disorders.
Neuro-Pain Research Group
Group leader: Dr Greg Neely
One of the Neuro-Pain Research Group's major
goals is to identify and characterise new genes that
participate in chronic pain, with the goal of
developing a next generation of therapeutics for
this debilitating condition.
Fifty percent of the population will experience some
form of chronic pain within their life, especially
patients that suffer from arthritis, cancer, diabetes,
migraine, or nerve injuries. Despite the astonishing
prevalence, there are few effective therapeutic
options for these patients.
To this end, we have developed a novel, systematic
strategy for identifying new components of the
pain pathway using the fruit fly Drosophila
melanogaster. Using this system we have identified
~600 new pain genes in Drosophila. Most of these
have mammalian counterparts, and we are currently
prioritising and confirming these genes one by one.
For example, we have identified a component of a
calcium channel (A2D3) as a component of the pain
relay system in the brain. This work also led to
identification of the first gene ever shown to play a
role in sensory cross activation or synesthesia.
48
NEUROSCIENCE PROGRAM
Research Assistant Silas
Sugiharto applies a probe
to fly larvae to measure
their sensitivity to heat.
Lder | Oeoporosis & Bo bioly | from December 2011
Professor Peter Croucher
with Senior Research
Assistant Jenny Down.
Professor Peter Croucher joined Garvan in December 2011 to take up a new Chair in Osteoporosis
funded by Mrs Janice Gibson and Ernest Heine Family Foundation. He succeeded Professor John Eisman
as Leader of the Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program.
Professor Croucher established himself as an international authority in the bone field over the last two
decades. After completing post-doctoral training in the Department of Medicine at the University of
Cambridge and later in the Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry at the University
of Sheffield (UK), he was awarded a prestigious five year Bennett Senior Fellowship by the Leukaemia
Research Fund. After a period at Oxford University as a Senior Research Fellow, he returned to the
University of Sheffield as Professor of Bone Biology in 2003, before becoming Head of the Department
of Human Metabolism. While in Sheffield Peter founded the Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, an
interdisciplinary centre focused upon addressing key questions in skeletal medicine.
With his current research focused upon osteoporosis, one of Peter's key interests is identifying the genes
responsible for regulating the skeleton. An ongoing collaboration with colleagues at Imperial College,
London and The Wellcome Trust Sangar Institute in the UK has identified a series of new genes that
regulate the amount of bone in the skeleton. Importantly, a number of these genes increase the amount
of bone in the skeleton and the strength of bone. These discoveries are playing an important role in
developing new approaches to stimulating bone repair. Peter will expand this work at Garvan.
In addition to his research on osteoporosis Peter also has a long-standing interest in cancers that cause
bone destruction. In particular, the blood cancer known as multiple myeloma is a long-standing research
interest. In his words, "this is a particularly devastating haematological malignancy that only grows in the
skeleton and causes devastating bone destruction". Using various animal models, his group, while in the
UK, developed a number of ways of stopping the bone destruction caused by these cancer cells. Several
of these discoveries have now been through clinical trials and are being translated into the clinic. They
are also being applied to other cancers that grow in bone, such as metastatic breast and prostate
cancers. The next challenge will be to stop these cancers growing in bone, an area which Peter will
explore at Garvan.
As Bone Program Leader, Professor Croucher aims to expand the program by recruiting world-class
researchers and a creating high-quality infrastructure to support the research that which will have an
impact on common skeletal diseases.
PROFESSOR PETER CROUCHER
51
Lder | PrOfeor Jo Eism
Professor Tuan Nguyen
(top left) developed the
algorithm used in
Garvan's web-based
Fracture Risk Calculator,
now used by medical
professionals around the
world. He used data from
the Dubbo Osteoporosis
Epidemiology Study, the
world's longest running
large-scale epidemiological
study of osteoporotic
fractures in men and
women.
Dr Nguyen Nguyen
(pictured with Prof
Nguyen) also worked on
the Calculator. Garvan is
in discussion with Merck
Sharp & Dohme to license
the rights to the calculator
for use on various digital
platforms, including the
iPad and iPhone.
Ao
| Uil 30.11.11
Program Summary
Osteoporosis affects the capacity for independent
living and also contributes to premature mortality
for men and women, younger and older. As
prevention is the best strategy for reducing this
large human and financial burden, we need to
improve our knowledge of the risk factors for
fracture; find ways to better assess treatments;
improve our understanding of bone biology; and
help identify new treatment possibilities. To this
end, we have been working on several translational
projects, including the on-going development and
refinement of our Garvan prognostic models for
predicting fracture-associated adverse outcomes.
We have collaborated with colleagues around the
world, including the US, Canada, Norway and the
Netherlands to validate our predictive tools for
absolute fragility fracture risk. Similar collaborations
are underway with the Geelong Osteoporosis Study
(Melbourne), CAIFOS study (Perth) and other major
cohorts in Norway, Holland, UK and New Zealand.
The model has been implemented in a web-based
tool, www.fractureriskcalculator.com, that is widely
used by doctors and patients worldwide.
Research Highlights
_ Noted an extraordinary and unexpected benefit of
osteoporosis treatment - that people taking
bisphosphonates are not only surviving well,
better than people without osteoporosis, they
appear to be gaining an extra five years of life.
_ Continued to recruit all major epidemiological
studies worldwide to participate in our analyses of
refining prediction of fracture risk and adverse
outcomes from osteoporotic fractures.
_ In collaboration with colleagues at Vietnam
National University in Ho Chi Minh City, conducted
a study on ASEAN countries as a group, providing
a useful snapshot of the scientific landscapes and
capabilities of our regional neighbours, and how
those attributes are likely to drive their economies.
_ Reported findings of initial clinical studies of a
novel treatment, developed by Merck Sharp and
Dohme, that reduces bone breakdown and which
has major potential in osteoporosis treatment.
_ Expanded our work on the genetics of osteoporosis
(including linkage analysis to identify novel loci
that may be associated with bone phenotypes) to
assess genetic roles in other major body
compositions including muscle mass and fat mass.
_ Identified novel chromosomal regions that harbor
osteoporosis genes in the world's first search for
osteoporosis genes, as part of international
collaborations using genome-wide analysis
advanced technology.
_ Demonstrated that genetic profiling could
enhance the prognosis of fracture.
_ In collaboration with Westmead Children's Hospital,
developed a unique treatment regime for children
with neurofibromatosis type 1 (Nf1), a bone
disease that frequently results in limb amputation.
_ Revealed that osteoclasts (bone removing cells)
play a role in the actions of PTH (parathyroid
hormone), the only clear-cut anabolic treatment
available for osteoporosis.
_ Detailed the actions of neuropeptide Y in control
of bone stem cell function.
People Highlights
_ The Program has been strengthened with the
appointment of a new Leader, Professor Peter
Croucher, as the inaugural Chair in Osteoporosis,
funded by Mrs Janice Gibson and Ernest Heine
Family Foundation. We extend our thanks for this
generous support.
_ After 27 years Professor John Eisman, the
founding director of the Osteoporosis and Bone
Biology Program moves to a new role as Director
of Clinical Translation and Advanced Education.
This novel Garvan development has its initial focus
in osteoporosis and is aimed at streamlining the
application of new basic and clinical knowledge to
clinical care in the community and more efficient
and cost-effective health care.
OSTEOPOROSIS & BONE BIOLOGY
53
_ Professor John Eisman has been
appointed as a visiting Professor at the
University of Maastricht. This role,
planned over several years, is key to our
international epidemiology data
analyses. He was an invited speaker at
the 16th Congress of the ASEAN
Federation of Endocrine Societies, at the
US Endocrine Society and chaired the
Symposium on Secondary Fracture
Prevention at the American Society for
Bone and Mineral Research.
_ Professor Tuan Nguyen was invited by
the Osteoporosis Society in Vietnam to
chair and lecture at its 6th Annual
Scientific Meeting in Hoi An, July 2011.
He chaired the scientific committee of
the 16th Congress of the ASEAN
Federation of Endocrine Societies in
Ho Chi Minh City in November 2011.
The meeting attracted more than
1500 participants from Asia and
around the world.
_ Dr Paul Baldock received an NHMRC
project grant. He and was invited to
present a Meet the Professor Session
at the 2011 American Society for Bone
and Mineral Society meeting in San
Diego. He was also invited to join the
Scientific Advisory Committee of the
Australian and New Zealand Bone and
Mineral Society, as well as the
organising committee for the joint
meeting of the International Bone and
Mineral Society and the Japanese
Society of Bone and Mineral Research
in Kobe in 2013.
_ Associate Professor Jackie Center was
invited to speak in a plenary session at
the IOF Regionals ANZBMS (Australian
and New Zealand Bone and Mineral
Society) Annual Scientific Meeting in
2011 and invited to write a book
chapter for Osteoporosis and the Primer
in Metabolic Bone Diseases and
Disorders of Mineral Metabolism.
_ Garvan bone researchers were awarded
6 orals presentations at the 33rd Annual
Scientific Meeting of the American
Society of Bone and Mineral Research in
San Diego and 2011 IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone
Meeting in the Gold Coast.
_ Bone Program students had the
following successes: Bich Tran graduated
with a PhD and was appointed as a
postdoc researcher at the Queensland
Institute of Medical Research; PhD
student Shuman Yang was awarded a
young investigator prize at the 2011
IOF Regionals - 2nd Asia-Pacific
Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting held in
conjunction with the Australian and New
Zealand Bone Mineral Society Annual
Scientific Meeting and Japanese Society
of Bone and Mineral Research; Mei Chan
(PhD student) and Dr. Nguyen D.
Nguyen were awarded travel grants for
presenting “hot topic research” at the
33rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the
American Society of Bone and Mineral
Research in San Diego.
Research Groups
Population, individual and genetic
determinants of osteoporotic fracture
risk and their outcomes
Group leaders: Professor Tuan Nguyen
and Associate Professor Jackie Center
The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology
Study (DOES), which began in 1989, is
the world's longest running large-scale
epidemiological study of osteoporotic
fractures in men and women. The data
from this study have allowed us to
develop powerful predictive models to
identify men and women at high risk of
fracture, and so who would benefit most
from preventative interventions. We have
formed international collaborations to
explore in more detail predictors for
adverse outcomes following fracture
including re-fracture and mortality
following our initial Dubbo findings.
_ Ms Iris Wong's PhD thesis was accepted.
_ Ms Ayse Zengin received a Young
Investigator Award from the
International Bone and Mineral Society.
Ayse also won the AMGEN Best
Presentation Award at the International
Osteoporosis Foundation Asia-Pacific
Regional Meeting.
Our search for new osteoporosis genes is
continuing in large-scale international
collaborations. We are developing tools to
predict those at high (and low) risk for
osteoporosis and fractures. This insight
will direct the focus of preventative
activities on osteoporosis or other health
concerns, as most appropriate.
_ Dr. Nguyen D. Nguyen passed his AMC
medical qualification with the absolute
mark of 100%.
Establishing how clinical factors and
genetic factors interact to affect bone
biology will help identify those individuals
who would most benefit from existing
therapies, as well as helping to identify
targets for novel therapies.
Fracture Prevention - Clinical Studies
Group Leader: Professor John Eisman AO
Our clinical studies group continues to
participate in Phase III international clinical
trials evaluating potential novel
osteoporosis treatments. Most recently
we have gained a role in testing of
'anabolic' treatments that lead to new
bone production. Involvement in these
studies helps ensure we remain at the
cutting edge of knowledge of novel
therapies. These connections facilitate
access to major pharmaceutical clinical
database sets in which we can expand our
Dubbo findings.
Professor Eisman's major focus on Clinical
Translation has led to the development of
the HELLO (Health Education for Longer
Life - Osteoporosis) educational series.
Through these series the Garvan Institute
is partnering with the premier scientific
(Australia and New Zealand Bone and
Mineral Research Society) and patient
organisations (Osteoporosis Australia) as
well as the Australian Women's Coalition
and the Rural Heath Education Foundation
(RHEF). This series, which is planned to
rollout across Australia, combines up-todate information for primary health care
(GPs) as well as Public education to set
up an environment in which more
appropriate health care can be achieved.
The linkage with the RHEF will facilitate
the most efficient delivery of this reliable
information to rural and remote doctors
and the public.
Bone Biology
Group Leader: Dr Paul Baldock
This group's research continues to be
focused upon understanding how the
brain controls bone formation and
strength. This work continues its close
collaborations with researchers in the
Neuroscience Program using unique
transgenic mouse models. These
investigations have expanded from an
initial focus on neurotransmitter
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) to other integrated
neurotransmitters that regulate the
production of bone and its strength and
the tightly linked control of body
composition, including fat and lean mass,
and clinically important responses to
stress. This work is leading to novel
targets and new approaches to treatment.
Professor John Eisman and Associate Professor Jackie Center (standing) with visiting Norwegians, Professor Haakon E. Meyer and PhD student Helene Devold. Professor Haakon and
Ms Devold (from the University of Oslo) are doing collaborative work with Garvan on behalf of NOREPOS (Norwegian Epidemiological Osteoporosis Studies), a research collaboration
network from five different scientific institutions across Norway.
54
OSTEOPOROSIS & BONE BIOLOGY
Technology is an important component of
being competitive in medical science.
Garvan's core research facilities contain
state-of-the-art equipment that enables
our scientists to perform the necessary
experiments to understand disease
processes better. Highly trained managers
oversee the facilities which are also
available to external researchers.
Antibody Development (ADL) facility
focuses on the generation of monoclonal
antibodies against targets from the Garvan
research programs. Monoclonal antibodies
represent almost half of all drugs entering
clinical studies, with more than $30 billion
sales worldwide in 2010. The ADL provides
an essential platform for translational
research at Garvan and is developing new
antibody-based drug candidates. It also
provides support for academic research
within all Garvan programs.
Australian BioResources (ABR) facility,
based in Moss Vale, breeds genetically
modified mice under clean conditions for
Garvan and 10 partner institutes, all
involved in medical research. Additional
services provided include the import and
export of mice, rederivation, embryo and
sperm freezing, DNA preparation
interfacing with Garvan's mouse
genotyping service, and microinjection
to produce novel transgenic lines.
The Biological Testing Facility (BTF),
located at Garvan Darlinghurst, receives
mice from ABR for holding during
experimentation. The BTF contains both
standard and specialised holding facilities
to enable a range of research activity
under clean containment conditions. The
BTF is being refurbished in 2011 and
2012 to allow effective logistics support
and integration with The Kinghorn Cancer
Centre's animal imaging facilities. BTF
staff provide training and support for
research staff in the use and care of
animals during research.
Australian Cancer Research Foundation
(ACRF) facility houses equipment that can
detect and analyse genomic and
epigenomic variations on a large scale.
Diverse platforms and robotics are
available for facilitating research within
and outside Garvan. The facility strives to
achieve high-throughput, sensitivity,
accuracy and cost effectiveness. In
addition to capillary sequencing, the
facility offers an SNP genotyping and
methylation quantification service. In
collaboration with the ABR DNA
extraction service in Moss Vale, the ACRF
facility also offers a mouse genotyping
service that is available for all researchers
in NSW.
Clinical Research Facility (CRF) is a
unique resource dedicated to the conduct
of research in people. It provides a vital
interface between discoveries in the
laboratory and their evaluation in people.
The facility, staffed by highly skilled nurses
and clinical investigators, has a range of
support services and state-of-the-art
equipment to evaluate new therapies.
The MLC Community Foundation Flow
Facility is a world-class cytometry facility
that provides cell sorting and analysis
services to Garvan and the St Vincent's
Research Precinct as well as the wider
research community. While the facility
can visualise, identify and localise a wide
variety of particles (including cells,
bacteria, algae, microparticles and even
marine microorganisms) the bulk of its
work lies in identifying and sorting
mammalian cells for the understanding
and treatment of diseases such as cancer,
diabetes and a range of immunological
disorders. Modern flow cytometers can
assess the physical and functional
characteristics of cells at up to 200,000
events per second and can rapidly identify
and sort populations that could be easily
missed by other techniques. The facility is
currently one of Australia's largest core
cytometry facilities and provides access
to some of the most technologically
advanced instrumentation in the world.
Molecular Imaging Facility consists of a
number of state-of-the-art microscopes,
which are capable of imaging tissue, cells,
organelles inside cells and even individual
molecules in live cells. Using techniques
such as total internal reflection
fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, it is
possible to image events occurring on or
near the surface of a cell. Laser scanning
confocal microscopy can precisely image
'slices' of samples, which can then be
reconstructed into a 3D representation
for analysis. The recently acquired
multiphoton microscope captures images
deep within living tissue and the electron
microscope can resolve structures way
beyond the limits of conventional light
microscopy. With these tools, Garvan
scientists have the best possible means of
identifying where and when molecules of
interest are in normal tissue and how this
may differ in disease.
Peter Wills Bioinformatics Centre applies
techniques from fields like physics,
chemistry, applied mathematics, statistics
and computer science to achieve a
genome-wide understanding of biology
and disease. During 2011 we added 20
analytical tools to our GenePattern
analysis environment and continued to
grow our microarray archive, caArray.
As high-throughput sequencing costs
have continued to fall we saw large
sequence-driven projects like 1000
genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas
rapidly expand, and had more Garvan
researchers embracing high-throughput
sequencing for their own projects and
begin using data from these large
sequence-driven projects. A large
equipment grant from Cancer Institute
NSW will see the establishment of a 1000
core computer cluster with expanded
storage on a very fast computer network.
The cluster will empower users to do their
own high-throughput sequencing
analyses and analyse data from these
large sequencing studies using a software
system called Galaxy.
CORE RESEARCH FACILITIES
57
_ Undertook joint OHS and HR initiatives
to promote health and wellbeing activities,
services and information to staff,
including free influenza vaccinations.
_ Ran an in-house management course
for developing leadership skills among
promising research and administrative
staff.
component of this grant will be the
installation of a 1000-core high
performance computer (HPC) server
due to be installed in early 2012. This
computing capability will now allow
Garvan's researchers to ask and answer
the complex research questions posed
by modern genome-based medical
research.
Growth in Scientific File Storage Capacity
180 TeraBytes (TB)
160
140
120
_ Increased resourcing for research and
grants administration to ensure that
Garvan's researchers are provided with
high levels of support and assistance in
managing their grant funds, and that
the Institute complies with its
obligations under funding agreements
and other regulatory aspects of
conducting research.
_ Undertook the complete re-membraning
of levels 11 and 12 to prevent water
leaking to level 10 laboratories.
_ Developed and released additional
capability in information management
tools such as CanSto for research in
pancreatic, breast, prostate and lung
cancer, as well as mesothelioma (for
the Asbestos Disease Research
Institute) and pituitary disease. A new
Mass Spectrometry information
management solution was deployed
that, for the first time, allows Garvan
researchers to answer questions about
how their proteins behave across
multiple experiments.
_ Converted several rooms on level 4 to
accommodate the establishment of a
next-generation sequencing facility.
_ Enhanced 'Stuart', the application
developed in-house for management
of animal breeding and research.
_ Carried out controller upgrades to all 17
fume cupboards in the building providing more accurate user
information, greater efficiency in
operation and future expandability.
_ Increased the number of cages held at
the Australian BioResources facility
(ABR) from 8,000 in January to 9,500
by the end of 2011, moving the
facility to 65% capacity.
_ Completed major works that
significantly increase Garvan's
computing capability. Two large
upgrades to the main file server saw
dramatic increases in Garvan's ability to
store and manage the huge volumes of
scientific data pouring out of high-end
scientific tools (see graph).
_ Increased ABR partners from 7 to 10,
with ANZAC Institute, researchers at
Monash University and one researcher
at University of Wollongong signing
partnership agreements.
100
80
60
40
20
0
06
_ Installed additional uninterruptable
power supply (required to keep the
computer servers safe in the event of
fluctuations in power supply) as well as
additional cooling capacity. Much of this
work was funded by a $1m CINSW
grant successfully proposed by Dr
Warren Kaplan of the Peter Wills
Bioinformatics Centre. The final
58
MANAGEMENT HIGHLIGHTS
_ Appointed a Scientific Services
Manager at ABR to introduce new
services including sperm freezing
and microinjection.
_ Renovated several rooms in the former
breeding area of the Biological Testing
Facility (BTF). This has provided
additional procedures rooms, an
expanded immunodeficient suite and
specialised labs for hearing studies.
Further renovation of this facility will
take place in 2012.
07
08
New file server
Old file server
09
10
Start
10
End
11
June
11
End
Overview
The Business Development team works
with the biotech and pharmaceutical sector
and other organisations to translate Garvan's
research discoveries to clinical use.
Engaging with Garvan's researchers, the
Business Development team is responsible
for all aspects of commercialisation from
capturing intellectual property and
identifying development opportunities
through to negotiation of industry
agreements. Importantly, it establishes
collaborations with organisations and
companies who have additional
technologies which greatly increase the
potential for Garvan's breakthroughs to be
developed for clinical use.
The Garvan patent portfolio comprises 21
patent families covering treatment,
diagnostics and screening categories.
G2 Therapies
Garvan's most clinically advanced program
is through G2 Therapies, a private
company chaired by Dr John Schubert AO.
G2 has an exclusive licensing agreement
with Danish healthcare company Novo
Nordisk to develop an anti-C5aR
antibody. Anti-C5aR antibody treatment,
currently in clinical trials, holds promise for
a number of inflammatory conditions
including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and
other autoimmune diseases.
Business Development
Advisory Council
Business Development Advisory Council
(BDAC) provides strategic advice to
Business Development. BDAC has several
representatives from the biotech and
pharmaceutical industries.
Dr Lisa McIntyre (Chair)
Director, L.E.K. Consulting
Professor John Shine AO FAA,
Executive Director, Garvan
Dr George Moore,
External Director
Dr Merilyn Sleigh,
External Director
Dr Mike Hirshorn (deceased
November 2011),
Director, Four Hats Capital
Mr Manoj Santiago,
Partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers
Mr John Dakin,
Chief Operating Officer, Garvan
Ms Christina Hardy,
Director, Business Development & Legal
Affairs, Garvan
Professor Trevor Biden,
Diabetes & Obesity Research Program,
Garvan
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
59
Life Governors
Partners for the Future
Allind Pty Limited
Amadeus Energy Limited
Mr John Armati
ASX Group
Australian Cancer Research Foundation
The Blundy Family
Mr Charles P Curran AC
The Curran Foundation
Peter & Val Duncan
Lady Mary Fairfax AC OBE
Ferris Family Foundation
Mr Laurence S Freedman AM
Elizabeth Fyffe
Mr James Patrick Garvan & Family
Mrs Janice Gibson & Ernest Heine
Family Foundation
Mr Berel Ginges
Mrs Agnes Ginges
Mr Cyril Golding
William A & Laura H Gruy
Mr Paul & Mrs Judy Hennessy
HIH Insurance
Mr Pieter H Huveneers
Mrs Virginia Kahlbetzer
Mr T Kennedy AM & Mrs C Kennedy
Mr Ralph & Mrs Lorraine Keyes
The Kinghorn Foundation
Roy & Cindy Manassen
Mrs Mabs Melville
MLC Community Foundation
National Australia Bank Ltd
Dr Graham O'Neill
The Late Mr K Packer AC
Mrs Roslyn Packer AO
Greg & Kerry Paramor
George Patterson Pty Ltd
The Petersen Family
The Petre Foundation
The Lady Proud Foundation
The Bill and Patricia Ritchie Foundation
Mr Tim & Mrs Sally Sims
Mr Robert Strauss MBE
Mr Laurie Sutton
Dr John Tonkin
Westfield Holdings Ltd
E J Whitten Foundation
Witchery
Mrs Margaret Adams
Ronelle Adams
Mr Don Anstey
Ms Wilhelmina Antoniesen
Dr W Michael Baker
David & Robyn Barnett
Ms James Belger
Mr Peter Binnie
Ken Bloxsom
Ms Linda Booth
Mr Earle & Mrs Marlene Boutwell
Mr & Mrs Alan & Anne Boyle
Dr William R Bradford
Mary Brauer
Drs Ruth & Des Bright
Bernard & Barbara Brown
Ken & Betty Brown
Mrs Diana Bryers
John Campbell
Mr Angelo Casella
Mrs Judith Clark
Mrs Robyn Collings
Gwenda Cooksey
Mr Rodney F Darke
Mrs Cristine Davison
Mrs Luise de Longueville
Mr Tom Devitt
Mrs Marlene Dixon
Mr Peter Dixon
Mr John Dobies
Mr Alan Durham
Mrs Valda Eastment
Ms Daile Falconer
Mr Gabriel & Mrs Joan Farago
Ms Jan Foster
Michael & Joy Foulsham
Elizabeth Fyffe
Mr Neville Glover
Mr & Mrs William & Jacqueline Goodyear
Miss Flo Greene
Angela Guildford
Ms Barbara Henderson
John Thomas Hill
Ms Heather Patricia Hindle
Mr Lionel Hirning
Byram & Deborah Johnston
Mrs Florence Jones
Mrs Virginia Kahlbetzer
Ms Lili Koch
Mr John J Lanigan
Roberta Lauchlan & Barry Thompson
Mary Lawson
Elizabeth Lee
Mrs Adell Littlejohn
Ms Maria Lydaki
Mrs Gwenda Macdonald
Dr Norman Marshall
Doreen Martin
Mr Lance Matheson
D J McCarthy
Stuart McCulloch
W J & P A McNamara
Mrs Mabs Melville
Miss Helen Morgan
Mary & Herbert Morris
Miss Joan Murphy
Mrs Carol A O'Carroll
Gary Lindsay O'Leary
Mr Peter Olive
Mrs Lesley Powell
Mrs Judy Radecki
Dr Judith Reynolds
Ms Helen Richards
Kathy Rockwell
Tanya Roddan
Ms Coral Saunders
Miss Thelma Shepherd
Mrs Dorothy Silva
Bruce Smith
Kathryn Ann Smith
Mrs Cynthia Southwell
Mrs Liese-Lore Spring
Nicola J Stahl
Mr & Mrs Peter Sturrock
Mr Leonard Towers
Mr & Mrs Eric & Pauline Vail
Mrs Judith Wheeldon AM
Dr Eva Wicki
Ms Barbara Williams
Ms Faye Margaret Williams
Miss Vivienne Windsor
Australian philanthropist Mr Daniel Petre (right) with Professor Rob Sutherland, holder of the Petre Foundation Chair in Breast Cancer Research at Garvan. In 2011 the Foundation
donated $2 million to enable the new Petre Foundation Chair of Prostate Cancer Research at Garvan in partnership with the University of Sydney.
GARVAN COMMUNITY
61
Volunteers
Mrs Janet Barkell
Mrs Deirdre Blakemore
Mrs Leona C Blanco
Miss Heesun Chung
Ms Margarita Field
Mrs Marea Fillis
Miss Lyndie Hemery
Mr Howard Houliston
Mrs Lynne Jones
Mrs Juliet Kirkpatrick
Miss Olympia Knight
Mr Anthony Lam
Mrs Eileen Vesey
Mr John McInerney
Mr Ken McKinnon
Miss Kate Montgomery
Mr Bob Neilson
Mrs Joan Neilson
Ms Mary S Petkovic
Mrs Jean Pushong
Mrs Julie Reid
Mr Samuel Towarnicki
Mr Bill Upton
2011 Garvan Supporters
A I Topper & Co
Ms Elizabeth Abbott
Abey Family Foundation
Accenture
ACP Publishing Pty Limited
Mr C R Adamson
Michael Ahrens
Mr Len Ainsworth
Ms Jane Allen
Dr Lyn Allen
Amadeus Energy Limited
Amgen
Mr Neil Anderson
The Anglican Parish of Plympton
In Memory of Anne Martin
Mr Don Anstey
ANZ Executors & Trustee Company Limited
Ariadne Australia Ltd
Arnott's Biscuits Limited
Ascham School
Mr Martin Ash
ASX Group
Asthma Foundation NSW
Australian Cancer Research Foundation
Australian Diabetes Society
Australian Discworld Convention (NSW)
Australian New Zealand Breast Cancer
Trials Group
62
GARVAN COMMUNITY
Australian Research Council
Australian Securities & Investments
Commission
Avner Nahmani Pancreatic Cancer
Foundation
Mrs & Mr Helen & David Baffsky AO
Baiada Poultry
Bain & Company
Reverend Peter Baines
Mr Harrie Baker
Mr Anthony Bannon
Mr Douglas Battersby
Mrs Angela & Mr Marco Belgiorno Zegna
Mr Joe Bieniek
Bill Burcher Foundation
Mrs Kaye Blaiklock
Blakelands Pty Limited
BNP Paribas
Bondi Junction Waverley RSL Sub Branch
Boston Medical Centre
Mr Peter Bower
Braemac Pty Ltd
Drs Ruth & Des Bright
Ms W Brook
Ken & Betty Brown
Mr Norman Brunsdon
Mrs Kate Buchanan
Mr Graham Buckeridge
Mr Lothar Bulla
BUPA Health Foundation
Burton Taylor PPF Foundation
Burwood RSL Club Ltd
The Michael & Andrew Buxton Foundation
Mr & Mrs W & G M Bylhouwer
Leo Byrne
Mr Ian Cairns
Mr & Mrs Alan & Cecilia Calder
Mrs Helen Callander
Mr Bruce Cameron
Mr Rod Cameron
Cancer Australia
Cancer Council NSW
Cancer Institute NSW
Cannings Advisory Services P/L
Mr Tony Carlton
Carlton United Breweries
Mr Paul Carroll
Mr Alex Cartel
Mr Stephan Center
Mr Adrian A Cester
CHAMP Private Equity Pty Ltd
Mr Chris Chapman & Dr Cath Chapman
Mr Ross Chapman
Mr & Mrs Stephen & Mary Charlesworth
Mr & Mrs Julie & Willie Cheng
Mr Denis Cleary
Mr Gordon Clowes
Club Cronulla
Ms Kylie Coates
Coca-Cola Amatil
Mr Geoffrey Cohen
Mr Timothy Cohen
Colin Biggers & Paisley
Ms Joellin Comerford
Commonwealth Bank
Conga Foods Pty Ltd
Consonic Pty Ltd
Rebecca L Cooper Medical Research
Foundation
The Corio Foundation
Brett & Susan Courtenay
Craig Mostyn & Co Pty Ltd
Mr Lawrence Crowley
CSR Limited
Ms Pauline Cash Cumming
Cure Cancer Australia Foundation
Mr Charles P Curran AC
The Curtis Family
Mr & Mrs Robert & Beryl Cusick
Mrs Margaret Daly
Mrs Martha Danos
Mr Rodney F Darke
Mr & Mrs Kamlesh & Swati Dave
Mrs Barbara Davis
Professor & Dr Jeremy & Jessica Davis
Mrs Lynne Davis
Hon Mrs Ashley Dawson-Damer
Mr Erik De Haart
Mr & Mrs Tony & Coleen De Saxe
Demonstration Plus Pty Ltd
Mr Jonathan Denovan
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Department of Health and Ageing
Department of Industry, Innovation,
Science, Research and Tertiary Education
Mr David Deverall
Diabetes Australia Research Trust
Diageo Australia
Geoff & Dawn Dixon
Mr Leonard Dixon
Ms Rochelle Dizon
Mrs Bette Dolman
Mr Jim T Dominguez CBE AM
Ms Catherine Dovey
Mrs Joan Doyle
Mrs Evelyn Duggan
Dunstan Family Foundation
Ms Carol Durkin
Mr Phil Durney
Eastaugh & Carroll
Mr Simon Edgar
Mr Andrew Eger
Mr & Mrs Allan & Lynne Ekholm
Mr W A B Elder
The Embroiderers Guild NSW Inc Frenchs Forest Group
Energizer Australia
Ethos Australia Pty Ltd
F & J Ryan Foundation
Mrs Gwenyth Falson
Mr W R Farley
Miss Jane Farrell
Felicia Garvan Gift Fund
Mr Grant Fenn
Mr Jonathan Fennel
Ferris Family Foundation
Mr Ronald Ficarra
Finlaysons
Firehold Pty Ltd
Mrs Jill Firmstone
Mr Greg Fisher
Mrs Margaret Fitzpatrick
Fivex Property Group
Mr Simon Flack
Fonterra Brands (Australia)
Ms Jane Forster & Mr Glenn Eggleton
Dr Bob Frater
Mr & Mrs Gordon & Jeanne Frost
Elizabeth Fyffe
Eric & Tonia Gale
Mr Ivan Gantar
Mr Justin H Gardener
Garnett Passe & Rodney Williams
Memorial Foundation
Gastroenterological Society of Australia
Ms Lynette Gearing
General Mills
George Weston Foods Ltd
Mr Gabriel Giamas
Mrs Janice Gibson & Ernest Heine Family
Foundation
Mr Andrew D Giles
Lucy Giumelli Saini Trust
John Glennie
Cherie Glick & family for Joe
Ms Leone Glynn
The GO Fund - Royal Hospital for Women
Mr Cyril Golding
Mr & Mrs William & Jacqueline Goodyear
Mr Alan Goodwin
Ms Michelle Gordon
Mr Murray Gordon
Grant Family Charitable Fund
graysonline.com
Sharon Green
Mrs Elizabeth Grenfell
Mrs Enid Griffin
Mr & Mrs Yoram & Sandra Gross
William A & Laura H Gruy
Mr Robert Hain
R T Hall Estate
Hallidays Heating & Cooling
Hamilton Foundation
Justice Ken Handley
Mrs Ann Hanson
Mr & Mrs H & E Harries
Mr Michael Harte
Betty Haugh
Mr Peter Haydon
Bill & Alison Hayward
Heliflite Pty Limited
Mrs Jane Hemstritch
Mr Lionel Hirning
Mr Martin Hoffman
J Holden Family Foundation
Mrs Jessica Beryl Hore
Mr Ronald Houghton
Mrs Sue Howieson
Human Frontier Science Program
Mr Richard Humphry
Stanley Hunt OAM
Mr Pieter H Huveneers
Ingham Enterprises Pty Ltd
ISG Foundation
Mr Peter Ivany AM & Mrs Sharon Ivany
Mr John Jacobs
The Hon Justice Peter M Jacobson
Mr William Jauncey
The Jenour Foundation
Mr Stephen Johns
Mr Graham J Johnson
Mr Tom Johnston
Mr David Jones
Dr G E Jordan
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
Kailis Bros
Dr Colleen Kane
Mr & Ms Keith & Judith Kay
Mr & Mrs Patrick & Beryl Keane
Mrs Helen J Keir
Professor Geoffrey Kellerman AO
Mrs Sharon Kelly
John & Connie Kennedy Charitable Trust
Mr Steve Kennedy
Mr Ralph & Mrs Lorraine Keyes
Mr Virendra Khanna
The Kibblewhite Endowment
Mr Li-Yen Kim
Mr Wal King AO
The Kinghorn Foundation
Mrs A Kirby
Mr David Knox
Mr Benedikt Koch
Mr Theodore Kyriacos
Ms Eve Lalich
John Lamble Foundation
Mr Robert Landeros
Mr Michael Leahy
Ms Helen Lee
Mrs P Lee
Mr Tony Lee
Mr Robert Leece AM RFD
Leighton Holdings Limited
Lemoar Nominees Pty Limited
Mrs Daphne L'Estrange
Mrs Linda Leupen
Levitt Robinson Solicitors
Lidia Perin Foundation
Lifestyle Communities
Lifestyle Financial Services
Mr BengChoon Lim
Lion
Lion Australia
Lions Club of Hawkesbury Bells Line Inc.
Mr John Brian Little
Mr Shane Lloyd
Mr Michael Lowe
Ms Maria Lydaki
Ms Helen Lynch AM
M H Carnegie & Co
MacDougall Family Endowment
Ms Maureen Macfarlan
Mr Ross Macpherson
Mr D & Mrs K Magarey
Mallesons Stephen Jaques
Roy & Cindy Manassen
Mr R & Mrs S Maple-Brown
Mason Foundation Medical and Scientific
Research Grants
The Hon John & Mrs Dympna Matthews
MaxFoods
Dennis & Christine McConnell
Mr Murray McGain
Ms Enid McGarry
Mr Peter McGovern
Dr Lisa McIntyre
Miss Janice McLay - Australian Diabetes
Council
WJ & PA McNamara
McPhee Freight
McWilliam's Wines Group
Mrs Mabs Melville
Merck Sharp & Dohme
Mr & Mrs Doug & Eveline Milne
Mr Phillip Mitchelhill
GARVAN COMMUNITY
63
MLC Community Foundation
Geoff & Jan Moles
Mr Simon Mordant AM & Mrs Catriona
Mordant
Mrs Catherine Moroney
Dr Kenneth Moss
Mrs Amanda Mostyn
Mr Richard Mostyn
Ms Karyn Mottershead
Mr Tony Mouatt
Miss Joan Murphy
Mr Peter Murphy
National Breast Cancer Foundation
National Health and Medical Research
Council
Mr Terence Neill
Nestle Australia Limited
Mr Paul Neumeyer
Mr Keith Newton
Ms Hilary Nicholson
Mr Robert Nixon
Mr & Mrs Leigh & Binnie Norman
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd
NSW Office for Medical Research
Nudie
Oakwood Products
Mr Michael O'Dea AM & Mrs Marianne
O'Dea
Mr John O'Farrell
Ognis Pty Ltd
Dr Geoffrey S Oldfield
Mr Ian Oldmeadow
Mr Anthony Olivier
Ondas Holdings Pty Ltd
Janette Mary O'Neil
The Rodney & Judith O'Neil Foundation
Dr Graham O'Neill
Ms Janice O'Shea
Mr Wayne O'Toole
Pacific Equity Partners
Mrs Roslyn Packer AO
Greg & Kerry Paramor
Dr Michael Pasfield
Ian Paul
Mr & Ms Susan & Doug Pearson
Mrs Ann Pedersen
Perfection Fresh Australia Pty Ltd
Mr Douglas Perry
The Petersen Family
The Petre Foundation
Dr Sang G Phan
Philosophy Pty Ltd
Mrs Kate Pippia
64
GARVAN COMMUNITY
In Memory of Mrs Frances Pizzolato
Mr V John Plummer
Mr Brian Poirrier
Ms Renee Pollack
Ms Joan Poole
Mr John C Porter & Mrs Susan M Mougey
Mr & Mrs Samuel Poux-Guillaume
Premier Media Group
Dr Barry Price
Procter & Gamble Australia
Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia
The Lady Proud Foundation
Rosemary Pryor Foundation
Mr David Pulsford
PZ Cussons
Qantas Airways Limited
RAAF Association St George Branch
Incorporated
Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Foundations for
Biomedical Research
Elizabeth Ramsden
Mr Roy Randall
Reckitt Benckiser
Mr Jean Redman
Brad & Lisa Rees
Region 3 Supermarkets
Mrs Velma Reibelt
Mr David Reid
Josef Reisinger Foundation Pty Ltd
Renshaw Foundation
Retire@Ease Financial Planning
The Returned and Services League of
Australia
Richard Crookes Construction
Dr Jack Richards
Mr John Richards
Mr Andrew Richardson
The Ross Trust
Mrs Nora Rowe
Mr Peter Rowe
Royal Australasian College of Physicians
Rupertswood Horse Club
S C Johnson & Son Pty Limited
Mr Martin Sachs
San Remo Macaroni Company Pty Ltd
Sanofi-Aventis Australia
Sanwa Pty Ltd
Mr D & Mrs A Saul
Say Family Foundation
Schweppes Australia
Mr Warren Scott
Mr Laurie W Seaman
Mr Graham See
Ms Jillian Segal AM & Mr John Roth
Mr Julian Segal
Servier Laboratories Australia Pty Ltd
Mr & Mrs T & J Shanahan
Mrs D Shannon
Mandy Shannon Memorial Trust
Ms Lindsey Shaw
Walter & Edith Sheldon
Mr Wayne Sidwell
Ms Linda Sim
Simplot Australia Pty Limited
Mrs Lorna Simpson
Mr Tim & Mrs Sally Sims
Skipper-Jacobs Charitable Trust
Mrs Gail Smith
Mrs Jennifer M Smith
Sandra & Barry Smorgon OAM
Snack Brands Australia
Spinal Cure Australia
St Vincent's Clinic Foundation
Miss Alison Stephen
Mrs Wendy Stewart
Mr & Mrs Geoffrey & Wendy Stops
Mark & Dana Strong
Ms Joyce Strong
SunRice
Professor Rob Sutherland AO
Mr Laurie Sutton
Mr Jim Sweeny
Swing Shift Nurses
Sydney Airport Ladies Association
Mr Nick Tait OBE & Mrs Mimi Tait
Mr Harry Tamvakeras
Mrs Rosemary Taylor
Victoria Taylor
Terranovate
Ms Ellesha Theobald
Therapeutic Innovation Australia
Mr Anthony Thomas
Mr Robert B Thomas
Mr Andrew Thompson
Mr Raja Thuraisingham
Dr Bernadette Tobin
TorchMedia
Tour de Cure
Mr Phillip Townsend
Troy Thompson Hairdressing
Mr Walter Turnbull
Tusa Pty Ltd
Mrs A Udy
Unilever Australasia
University of New South Wales
Mr Peter Unwin
Mr Ian Vale
Ms Kay Vernon
Vittoria Coffee
John & Megan Wade
Wade Civil Engineering Pty Ltd
Mrs Caroline Walder
Mr James Waley
Mr Ronald Walker
Mr John Walsh
Richard & Sue Walsh
Mr Robert J Walsh
Dr J R Warneford
Mr Kevin Webb
Ms Alexandra Wedutenko
Mr Michael Weekes
Ms Deanne Weir
Wellcom Group Limited
Wellcome Trust
Mr Robert White
E J Whitten Foundation
Ms Janine Williams
Mrs Lyn Williams AM
Peter Wills AC
Mr Brian Wilson
Mr Raymond Wilson
Witchery
Mr & Mrs Peter & Ann Wolstenholme
Wood Family Foundation
Mr & Mrs Jack & Leah Woolf
Mr Greg Woolley
The Wrigley Company
XLP Research Trust
Mr R Yeates
Mr & Mrs J & K Yorke
Mr Derek Young
Mr Harrison Young
Garvan Gala Supporters
Bright Red Oranges
Mr Guillaume Brahimi
Dakota Media
Mr Serge Dansereau
Geoff & Dawn Dixon
Mr Bill Ferris AC
Fresh Catering
Funktionality
Ghost Elite Charters
Globecast Australia
Grandiflora by Saskia Havekes
Hayman
Hamilton Island Enterprises
Mr James Hendy
Hutchings Pianos
IML
Jetstar
Ms Amanda Keller and Mr Brendan Jones
Lindt & Sprungli
Lindwall & Ward Printing
The London Lakes Partnership
Ms Anthea Loucas
Simon and Catriona Mordant
Office of the Governor General
Opera Australia
Paspaley
Mr Neil Perry
Prime Audio Visual
Qantas Airways Limited
Mr Leo Robba
Ms Bernadette Robinson & Mr Paul
Noonan
Roses Only & Hampers Only
Mr John Singleton AM
SEL
Starwood Hotels and Resorts
Stringspace
Sydney Theatre Company
Troy Thompson Hairdressing
Ms Virginia Trioli
Wild Bush Luxury
Bequests
Estate of the Late Jennifer Alison
Estate of the Late Gloria M Backhus
Estate of the Late Ian F Bruce
Estate of the Late Michael Burrow
Estate of the Late Denzil de Ferrars
Carrington
Estate of the Late Beryl E Carroll
Estate of the Late Beryl Collier
Estate of the Late John George Crooks
Estate of the Late Margaret Darbyshire
Estate of the Late Phyllis H Desmond
Estate of the Late Luba Genov
Estate of the Late Anna Gonda
Estate of the Late Alan Hellicar
Estate of the Late Douglas E Maguire
Estate of the Late Gabriele Marx
Estate of the Late Leslie McAllister
Estate of the Late Henry T Melvold
Estate of the Late Shirley M Power
Estate of the Late George Quigg
Estate of the Late Maxwell John Richards
Estate of the Late Violet W Saint
Estate of the Late Raymond J Small
Estate of the Late Betty H Stephen
Estate of the Late Jean H Stephen
Estate of the Late David Story
Estate of the Late Una Taylor
GARVAN COMMUNITY
65
Garvan Institute Board
Bill Ferris AC
Warren Scott
Martin Hoffman
Annette Cunliffe RSC
Nicholas Curtis AM
William D Ferris AC
Chairman
Nominated by the Trustees of St Vincent's Hospital
Mr Bill Ferris is Executive Chairman of the CHAMP
Private Equity Group, one of Australia's leading
private capital groups, providing venture capital,
expansion capital and management buyout funding
in Australasia. Mr Ferris is Chairman of the Health
and Hospitals Fund Advisory Board as part of the
Federal Government's Nation-building Funds
initiative and in October 2011 joined the expert
panel for the Federal Government's Strategic
Review of Medical Research in Australia. Former
directorships include: Chairman, Australian Trade
Commission (Austrade), Austar United
Communications Limited, and Bradken Resources
Pty Ltd. Mr Ferris is also a director of the Garvan
Research Foundation and member of the Harvard
Business School Asia Pacific Advisory Board. Mr
Ferris was made an Officer in the Order of Australia
in 1990 for services to the export industry and in
2008 was made Companion in the Order of Australia
for his philanthropic activities and his role in the
establishment of the private equity sector in Australia.
Warren Scott
Treasurer (from August)
Nominated by the NSW Minister for Health
Mr Warren Scott is the General Counsel of the
Australian Prudential Regulation Authority and
former Managing Director and the General Counsel
of Citigroup in Australia. He was formerly the
Chairman of the Woolcock Institute of Medical
Research, as well as a delegate to the Australian
American Leadership Dialogue. He is a member of
the Law Society of New South Wales, the
American Bar Association, the New York Bar
Association, the Australian Law Council, and the
California Bar Association. Mr Scott is admitted as
a solicitor in New South Wales and as a lawyer in
New York and California.
Martin Hoffman
Treasurer (until August)
Nominated by the Sisters of Charity
Mr Martin Hoffman is currently the Deputy
Secretary of the Commonwealth Department of
Resources, Energy and Tourism. He joined the
Australian Public Service in March 2009 as First
Assistant Secretary in the Department of the Prime
Minister & Cabinet. Mr Hoffman previously had a
lengthy private sector career primarily in digital
media and technology, including as CEO of
NineMSN, Australia's largest internet media
company, and as a venture capital investor and
executive to smaller companies. He also held senior
management roles with Fairfax Media and Optus.
Annette Cunliffe RSC
Nominated by the Sisters of Charity
Sister Annette attended St Vincent's College Potts
Point before becoming a Sister of Charity. She
completed a BSc (UNSW), Diploma of Education
(UNE), Master of Education (Hons) (UNSW) and
PhD (Griffith), meanwhile teaching in secondary
colleges in various states, then holding the position
of Senior Lecturer at Australian Catholic University.
From 1996-2002 and since 2002 Sister Annette
has been Leader of the Sisters of Charity of
Australia. She has held the positions of President of
Conference of Leaders of Religious Institutes (CLRI;
NSW) and Inaugural Chair of the Stewardship Board
of Catholic Health Australia and served on a number
of incorporated boards.
Nicholas Curtis AM
(until August)
Nominated by the Trustees of St Vincent's Hospital
Mr Nicholas Curtis has a background in investment
banking and the resources industry. He is Executive
Chairman of Lynas Corporation Limited, an
Australian public company specialising in rare earths.
Mr Curtis is the Chairman of Forge Resources
Limited and of the corporate advisory firm,
Riverstone Advisory Pty Limited. He served as a
non-executive director of Conquest Mining Limited
from 12 May 2010 to 18 October 2011 prior to
the company's restructure to become Evolution
Mining. Mr Curtis also serves as Chairman of Faces
in the Street Urban Mental Health Research Institute
at St Vincent's Hospital Sydney. He previously
served as Chairman of the Board of St Vincents &
Mater Health Sydney from 2004-2009 and as a
director of St Vincent's Health Australia Ltd and St
Vincent's Healthcare Ltd from 2004-2010.
GOVERNANCE
67
Geoff Dixon
John Horvath AO
Anne Keating
Lisa McIntyre
Annette Pantle
Greg Paramor
Geoff Dixon
Nominated by the Garvan Research Foundation
Mr Geoff Dixon was Managing Director and Chief
Executive Officer of Qantas Airways Limited from
2001-2008. He joined Qantas in 1994 and was
also Chief Commercial Officer and, for two years,
Deputy Chief Executive. He has also worked in the
media, mining and government sectors. Mr Dixon is
currently Chairman of the Australian Government's
major tourism marketing organisation, Tourism
Australia, and Chairman of the Garvan Research
Foundation and Queensland Events. He sits on the
boards of publicly listed Australian companies
Crown Limited, Consolidated Media Holdings and
Facilitate Digital. He is on the boards of Voyages
Indigenous Tourism Australia, the Museum of
Contemporary Art and the Great Barrier Reef
Foundation, and is an Ambassador for the
Australian Indigenous Education Foundation.
John Horvath AO
Nominated by the Federal Minister for Health
Professor John Horvath was the Australian
Government Chief Medical Officer from 20032009. He is currently continuing to advise the
Department of Health & Ageing and the School of
Medicine, University of Sydney, and holds the
position of Honorary Professor of Medicine. He is
currently a member of Council of the NHMRC,
Chairman of the Healthcare Committee and of the
Prosthesis Listing Advisory Committee of the
Australian Government. Professor Horvath is an
independent non-executive director of Crown Ltd
Crown Ltd and Crown Melbourne Ltd. Professor
Horvath is a fellow of the Royal Australasian College
of Physicians and is a distinguished practitioner,
researcher and teacher. Professor Horvath was
previously a clinical professor of medicine at University
of Sydney, a specialist renal physician at Royal
Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA), and Area Director of
Renal Services for the RPA and Concord Repatriation
General hospitals. He is also known as a leader in a
range of medical training and workforce organisations.
He is also a former president of the Australian
Medical Council and the NSW Medical Board.
Anne Keating
Nominated by the NSW Minister for Health
Ms Anne Keating is a company director and holds
board directorships of companies in a range of
industries including financial services, property and
life sciences. She is on the boards of the Goodman
Group Limited, Ardent Leisure Group Limited, Reva
Medical Inc, GI Dynamics Inc and Clearview Wealth
Limited. Ms Keating is also a member of the RBS
Group (Australia) Advisory Council, a governor of
the Cerebral Palsy Foundation and a trustee of the
Centennial Parklands and Moore Park Trust. Her
former boards include Insurance Australia Group
Limited, NRMA Limited, STW Group, the
WorkCover Authority of NSW, the Tourism Task
Force and was an inaugural director at the Victor
68
GOVERNANCE
Chang Cardiac Research Institute. Ms Keating was
the General Manager, Australia for United Airlines
from 1993-2001.
Lisa McIntyre
Nominated by the Federal Minister for Health
Dr Lisa McIntyre is a non-executive director of the
HCF Group, and I-MED Australia. She is also a
member of the Commercial Executive Committee
of CSIRO. Dr McIntyre was formally a senior partner
with LEK Consulting in Boston and Sydney where
she led the firm's Asia Pacific Life Science and
Health Care practice. She has spent the majority of
her career as a strategy consultant advising
companies and organisations in the health and life
sciences sector on growth strategies and performance
improvement. Dr McIntyre continues to serve as a
Senior Advisor to LEK Consulting in Australia.
Annette Pantle
(from October)
Nominated by the Sisters of Charity
Dr Annette Pantle completed her MBBS at the
University of Sydney before pursuing a career in
rural general practice and then metropolitan medical
administration. Dr Pantle also holds a Masters of
Public Health, a Graduate Diploma from the
Australian Institute of Company Directors and
Fellowship of the Royal Australasian College of
Medical Administrators. She also holds a Fellowship
of the Australasian Association for Quality in Health
Care and is the current president of that
organisation. Dr Pantle most recently served as the
Director Clinical Practice Improvement for the NSW
Clinical Excellence Commission - a statutory health
corporation with responsibility for building capacity
for quality and safety improvement and reporting to
the NSW Minister for Health. Dr Pantle was
responsible for the development and
implementation of clinical quality improvement
projects and programs across NSW Health,
incorporating evidence into practice and instituting
change management and project management
processes. Dr Pantle joined St Vincent's Health
Australia in 2010 as Group General Manager Clinical
Governance and Chief Medial Officer.
Greg Paramor
Nominated by the Garvan Research Foundation
Mr Greg Paramor is CEO of Folkestone Limited. Mr
Paramor has been involved in the real estate and
funds management industry for more than 35
years, and was the co-founder of Growth Equities
Mutual, Paladin Australia and the James Fielding
Group. He was the CEO of Mirvac between 2004
and 2008. Mr Paramor is a past president of the
Property Council of Australia and a past president of
Investment Funds Association, a fellow of the
Australian Property Institute and The Royal Institute
of Chartered Surveyors. Mr Paramor is a director of
a number of not-for-profit organisations and is also
a board member of the Sydney Swans and LJ Hooker.
Daniel Petre AO
Steven Rubic
Jillian Segal AM
John Shine AO FAA
Peter J Smith
Bernadette Tobin
Daniel Petre AO
(from October)
Nominated by the Trustees of St Vincent's Hospital
Mr Daniel Petre has been at the forefront of the
technology industry in Australia for more than 25
years. Currently he is Chairman of netus (a
technology investment joint venture with News Ltd)
and prior to this role he founded Australia's largest
internet investment company, ecorp, (a subsidiary
of PBL; Publishing and Broadcasting Limited). Mr
Petre spent nine years with Microsoft where he
held a range of roles both in Australia and the US.
He was Managing Director of the Australia
subsidiary for three years before moving to the US
as Vice President in the Development Group then
returning to run the Asia-Pacific region for
Microsoft. Mr Petre has served in many corporate
and not-for-profit boards and currently serves on
the Board of the Sydney Children's Hospitals
Network and the advisory boards for the Private
Ancillary Fund Service at SVA (Social Ventures
Australia), CSI (Centre for Social Impact) and the
University of NSW.
Steven Rubic
Nominated by the Sisters of Charity
Mr Steven Rubic was appointed CEO of St Vincents
& Mater Health Sydney in April 2008. Prior to this
he was Executive Director of St Vincent's Private
Hospital a position he held since 1997. He is
currently a board member of Health Industry
Superannuation, Macquarie University Council, a
member of the Department of Health & Ageing
Second Tier Default Health Insurance Committee
and is a past chairman of the NSW Private Hospitals
Association. Mr Rubic is a fellow of AICD and AIST.
Jillian Segal AM
Nominated by the University of NSW
Ms Jillian Segal is a director of the National Australia
Bank and ASX Limited. She is also Deputy Chancellor
of the University of NSW and involved with a
number of other community not-for-profit
organisations, including as Chairman of the General
Sir John Monash Foundation. Ms Segal is also a
member of the Federal Government's Remuneration
Tribunal. Ms Segal has had a career in law,
regulation, governance and policy development.
Formally she was President of the Administrative
Review Council and Chair of the Banking and
Financial Services Ombudsman Board. From 19972002, Ms Segal was a commissioner of the
Australian Securities and Investments Commission
(ASIC), being Deputy Chair from 2000-2002. Prior
to joining ASIC, Ms Segal was a corporate lawyer
specialising in corporate and environmental law,
having been a partner at Allen Allen & Hemsley.
John Shine AO FAA
(until December)
Appointed by the Garvan Institute Board
Professor John Shine was Executive Director of the
Garvan Institute of Medical Research until 31
December. He is Professor of Molecular Biology,
Professor of Medicine at the University of NSW and
President of the Museum of Applied Arts and
Science. As well as Chairman of CSL Ltd, Professor
Shine is a director or member of many scientific,
research and medical bodies throughout Australia,
including the Prime Minister's Science, Engineering
& Innovation Council (PMSEIC), and is the recent
ex-Chairman of the National Health and Medical
Research Council (NHMRC).
Peter Smith
Nominated by the University of NSW
Professor Peter Smith is Dean of Medicine at the
University of NSW. He specialised in cancer
medicine and research following study in Australia,
USA and Germany. Peter has held senior hospital
management posts in Brisbane and Melbourne and
senior academic appointments at the universities of
Queensland, Melbourne and Auckland. He is a Group
Captain, RAAFSR and Director, Air Force Health
Reserves (NSW/ACT), Directorate of Health
Reserves, Air Force and has served as a consultant
to governments in Australia and New Zealand.
Professor Smith is currently a board director of St
Vincent's Health Australia, Neuroscience Research
Australia, Ingham Medical Research Institute, the
Sax institute for Health Research and the Arts and
Health Foundation.
Bernadette Tobin
Nominated by the Trustees of St Vincent's Hospital
Dr Bernadette Tobin is the Director of the Plunkett
Centre for Ethics at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney,
and Reader in Philosophy at the Australian Catholic
University. Dr Tobin is Honorary Ethicist at the
Children's Hospital at Westmead, an honorary
associate professor in the Faculty of Medicine at
the University of Sydney, and a conjoint associate
professor in the School of Medicine at the
University of NSW. She served for three triennia on
the Australian Health Ethics Committee, a principal
committee of the NHMRC. She also chaired the
drafting group, which prepared the first Code of
Ethics for Catholic Health and Aged Care Services
in Australia.
GOVERNANCE
69
Garvan Research Foundation
Geoff Dixon
Jane Allen
Bruce Baird AM
Melinda Conrad
Gabriel Farago
Geoff Dixon
Chairman
Mr Geoff Dixon was the Managing Director and
Chief Executive Officer of Qantas Airways Limited
from 2001-2008. He joined Qantas in 1994 and
was also Chief Commercial Officer and, for two
years, Deputy Chief Executive. He has also worked
in the media, mining and government sectors. Mr
Dixon is currently Chairman of the Australian
Government's major tourism marketing organisation,
Tourism Australia, and Queensland Events. He sits
on the boards of publicly listed Australian companies
Crown Limited, Consolidated Media Holdings and
Facilitate Digital. He is on the boards of the Garvan
Institute, Voyages Indigenous Tourism Australia, the
Museum of Contemporary Art and the Great Barrier
Reef Foundation, and is an Ambassador for the
Australian Indigenous Education Foundation. He
joined the Foundation Board as Chair in 2009.
Jane Allen
Ms Jane Allen is a partner in Egon Zehnder
International's (EZI) Sydney office, where she
focuses on chief executive officer and board
appointments. Ms Allen has been at EZI for 13
years and has consulted with corporate boards and
companies of all sizes. She often attends speaking
engagements and has published many articles on
CEO succession and diversity at the executive and
board level. She also leads a number of global
strategy initiatives roles for one of the firm's core
client practices. She has been the managing partner
of the Sydney office and co-leader of the Australian
practice as well as head of the Consumer Products
Practice Group for Asia Pacific. She is a member of
Chief Executive Women, a network of Australia's
top women leaders. Prior to joining EZI she worked
at Procter & Gamble in the US and Australia. Ms
Allen has an MBA from Harvard Business School and
a Bachelor of Arts from Smith College. Ms Allen
joined the Foundation Board in 2007.
Bill Ferris AC
Lyn Gearing
70
GOVERNANCE
Bruce Baird AM
The Hon Bruce Baird has an impressive career
spanning the Australian Trade Commission and the
parliaments of NSW and the Commonwealth. Mr
Baird currently serves on several national boards
including as Chair of Tourism & Transport Forum and
the Commonwealth's Refugee Resettlement Advisory
Council. Among his positions with the NSW
Parliament, he was a member of the NSW Legislative
Assembly from 1984-1995, serving as Shadow
Minister for Finance, then for Transport and Aboriginal
Affairs, as Minister for Transport and Regional
Services, Minister for Sydney's Olympic Bid, and
Minister for Tourism and Roads. He was the Deputy
Leader of the Liberal Party in NSW from 1992-1995.
From 1995 he served as Managing Director of the
Tourism Council Australia and as Chair of National
Rail Corporation and a director of ABN AMRO Hoare
Govett, Tourism Training Australia and Tourism
Education Services. He served in Federal Parliament,
House of Representatives, from October 1998 until
his retirement at the 2007 election. Mr Baird joined
the Foundation Board in 2010.
Melinda Conrad
Ms Melinda Conrad is currently a non-executive
director of APN News & Media, The Reject Shop
Limited, the NSW Government's Clinical Excellence
Commission and Agency for Clinical Innovation, and
the Australian Brandenburg Orchestra. Ms Conrad is
the former founder and CEO of a retail chain of
stores and was previously an executive at Colgate
Palmolive. She has extensive expertise in strategy,
retail, marketing and business development. She
holds an MBA from Harvard Business School and is
a member of the Australian Institute of Company
Directors. Ms Conrad joined the Foundation Board in
September 2003.
Gabriel Farago
Mr Gabriel Farago is a company director and
consultant advising corporations on litigation
management. Prior to establishing his consultancy,
he practised as a solicitor and barrister for over 30
years, specialising in commercial disputes both in
Australia and overseas. Mr Farago has extensive
business interests, and has been involved in
property development for more than 20 years.
A passion for philanthropic and charitable causes
also reaches back many years, and in 1984 he was
made a Member of the Knightly Order of Vitez.
Mr Farago joined the Foundation Board in 2008.
William D Ferris AC
Mr Bill Ferris is Executive Chairman of the CHAMP
Private Equity Group, one of Australia's leading
private capital groups, providing venture capital,
expansion capital and management buyout funding
in Australasia. Mr Ferris is Chairman of the Health
and Hospitals Fund Advisory Board as part of the
Federal Government's Nation-building Funds
initiative and in October 2011 joined the expert
panel for the Federal Government's Strategic
Review of Medical Research in Australia. Former
directorships include: Chairman, Australian Trade
Commission (Austrade), Austar United
Communications Limited, and Bradken Resources
Pty Ltd. Mr Ferris is the Chairman of the Garvan
Institute and member of the Harvard Business School
Asia Pacific Advisory Board. Mr Ferris was made an
Officer in the Order of Australia in 1990 for
services to the export industry and in 2008 was
made Companion in the Order of Australia for his
philanthropic activities and his role in the
establishment of the private equity sector in Australia.
Mr Ferris joined the Foundation Board in 2001.
Lyn Gearing
Ms Lyn Gearing was appointed to the Garvan
Foundation Board as a representative of the Sisters
of Charity. Ms Gearing is currently a director of
Queensland Investment Corporation Limited, IMB
Limited, Global Mining Investments Limited, and
Commonwealth Superannuation Corporation. Ms
Gearing was the Chief Executive Officer of the
NSW State Superannuation schemes from 19972002, and has substantial experience in
superannuation, funds management, corporate
finance and management consulting. Ms Gearing
joined the Foundation Board in 2005.
Loftus Harris AM
Wal King AO
John Landerer CBE AM
Simon Mordant AM
Clare Nolan RSC
Brad Rees
John Shine AO FAA
Jeanne-Claude Strong
Loftus Harris AM
Mr Loftus Harris is a non-executive director on
various boards, the immediate-past National Chair
of the Australian Institute of Export, and holds the
appointment of Special Trade Representative to the
Middle East and India for the Queensland Government.
He previously held chief executive positions in the
NSW and Queensland public sectors with responsibility
for whole-of-government activities including
international trade, investment, innovation, business,
and regional development. He also served extensively
overseas as an Australian Trade Commissioner. Mr
Harris joined the Foundation Board in 2008.
Wal King AO
Mr Wal King has worked in the construction
industry for over 40 years and was the Chief
Executive Officer of Leighton Holdings Limited, a
company with substantial operations in Australia,
Asia and the Middle East, from 1987 until his
retirement on 31 December 2010. He remains as a
consultant. Mr King is Deputy Chairman of Ausdrill
Limited, a director of Coca-Cola Amatil Limited, the
University of NSW Foundation Limited and
Kimberley Foundation Australia Limited, and a
council member of the University of NSW. Mr King
is an honorary fellow of the Institution of Engineers
Australia; a foundation fellow of the Australian
Institute of Company Directors, and a fellow of the
Australian Institute of Management, the Australian
Institute of Building and the Australian Academy of
Technological Sciences and Engineering. Mr King
joined the Foundation Board in 2010.
John Landerer CBE AM
Mr John Landerer is a solicitor specialising in
corporate advisory work and is also a professional
company director. He is currently Chair of
Goldsearch Limited and other private companies.
He has served as the Chair of the Home Purchase
Assistance Authority and is on the board of Life
Education Australia and the Royal Institute for Deaf
and Blind Children as well as on the boards of
various charitable institutions. Mr Landerer holds an
honorary doctorate from Macquarie University in
business and commercial law. He is also a fellow of
University of Sydney. Mr Landerer is a Member of
the Order of Australia and a Commander of the
Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. He is
also a Commander in the Order of the Star of Italian
Solidarity. He joined the Foundation Board in 2007.
Simon Mordant AM
Mr Simon Mordant is Co-Chief Executive of
Greenhill Caliburn, a leading independent corporate
advisory firm specialising in advising major
corporates on their merger and acquisition and
capital markets strategies. He is a chartered
accountant and is Chair of the Museum of
Contemporary Art, a director of the Sydney Theatre
Company and Commissioner for Australia at the
2013 Venice Biennale. He is a member of the
International Council of the Tate, the Leadership
Council of the New Museum, the International
Council of the Museum of Modern Art and a
member of the Executive Board of Wharton Asia.
Mr Mordant joined the Foundation Board in 2009.
Clare Nolan RSC
Sister Clare entered the Sisters of Charity following
nurse training at the Mater Hospital in Brisbane. She
has over 43 years experience in health and research
services. Her ministry experience includes health,
welfare, governance and administration, serving on
boards within the Sisters of Charity Health Service
and other Church bodies. Her present Ministry is
one of hospitality. Hospitality to women who have
loved ones in hospital within the St Vincent's
campus, to patients who come from the Solomon
Islands for health care within the St Vincent's
campus, to women and men who suffer with
mental health issues. Sister Clare joined the
Foundation Board in 2010.
Brad Rees
Mr Brad Rees is involved in a number of charitable,
arts and educational interests and is a director of a
private investment company. Until 2007, he was a
managing director and equity partner of the
investment banking firm Goldman Sachs JBWere.
Mr Rees was with the firm for 23 years and
worked in the Melbourne, Sydney and London
offices providing financial and investment banking
advice to corporations and governments in Australia
and overseas. Mr Rees joined the Foundation Board
in 2008.
John Shine AO FAA
Professor John Shine was Executive Director of the
Garvan Institute of Medical Research until 31
December. He is Professor of Molecular Biology,
Professor of Medicine at the University of NSW and
President of the Museum of Applied Arts and
Science. As well as Chairman of CSL Ltd, Professor
Shine is a director or member of many scientific,
research and medical bodies throughout Australia,
including the Prime Minister's Science, Engineering
& Innovation Council (PMSEIC), and is the recent
ex-Chairman of the National Health and Medical
Research Council (NHMRC).
Jeanne-Claude Strong
Dr Jeanne-Claude Strong is a qualified medical
practitioner with a post-graduate diploma in applied
finance and investment and a Bachelor of Arts in
Literature and Philosophy. Dr Strong established and
ran three medical clinics in Melbourne and Sydney,
focusing on occupational, sports and preventative
medicine and stressing the importance of lifestyle
management. She was a member of the Advisory
Board of Bluearth for ten years, a not for profit
organisation which promotes greater physical
activity to reduce the incidence of disease and
increase well-being. She is a pilot with a command
multi engine instrument rating and has flown her
own plane from California to Australia. Dr Strong
has a passion for yacht racing with an occasional
foray in international regattas. She illustrates that a
successful life must be balanced, and the success of
her full professional and personal life is testimony to
her principles. Dr Strong joined the Foundation
Board in 2011.
GOVERNANCE
71
Biankin AV, Hudson TJ. Somatic variation
and cancer: therapies lost in the mix. Hum
Genet 2011; 130:79-91.
Abdo S, Greenfield J. What to do about
bones in those on Prednisone? Geriatric
Med Gen Prac 2011; 8:23-25.
Abreu MT, Hughes WE, Mele K, Lyons RJ,
Rickwood D, Browne BC, Bennett HL,
Vallotton P, Brummer T, Daly RJ. Gab2
regulates cytoskeletal organization and
migration of mammary epithelial cells by
modulating RhoA activation. Mol Biol Cell
2011; 22:105-16.
Acosta A, Hurtado MD, Gorbatyuk O, La
Sala M, Duncan D, Aslanidi G, CampbellThompson M, Zhang L, Herzog H,
Voutetakis A, Baum BJ, Zolotukhin S.
Salivary PYY: a putative bypass to satiety.
PLoS One 2011; 6:e26137.
Akerfeldt MC, Laybutt DR. Inhibition of
id1 augments insulin secretion and
protects against high-fat diet-induced
glucose intolerance. Diabetes 2011;
60:2506-14.
Astle MV, Ooms LM, Cole AR, Binge LC,
Dyson JM, Layton MJ, Petratos S,
Sutherland C, Mitchell CA. Identification
of a proline-rich inositol polyphosphate 5phosphatase (PIPP).Collapsin response
mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) complex
that regulates neurite elongation. J Biol
Chem 2011; 286:23407-18.
Attanasio AF, Jung HK, Mo DJ, Chanson P,
Bouillon R, Ho KKY, Lamberts SWJ,
Clemmons DR, Board HIA. Prevalence and
incidence of diabetes mellitus in adult
patients on growth hormone replacement
for growth hormone deficiency: A
surveillance database analysis. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2255-2261.
Bach M, Larance M, James DE, Ramm G.
The serine/threonine kinase ULK1 is a
target of multiple phosphorylation events.
Biochem J 2011; 440:283-91.
Badami E, Sorini C, Coccia M, Usuelli V,
Molteni L, Bolla AM, Scavini M, Mariani A,
King C, Bosi E, Falcone M. Defective
differentiation of regulatory FoxP3+ T
cells by small-intestinal dendritic cells in
patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes
2011; 60:2120-4.
Baldock P. Reciprocal regulation of bone
and energy metabolism. Horm Res
Paediatr 2011; 76 Suppl 1:7-11.
Bency R, Roger SD, Elder GJ.
Hypercalcaemia as a prodromal feature of
indolent Pneumocystis jivorecii after renal
transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant
2011; 26:1740-2.
Berg JS, Lin KK, Sonnet C, Boles NC,
Weksberg DC, Nguyen H, Holt LJ,
Rickwood D, Daly RJ, Goodell MA.
Imprinted genes that regulate early
mammalian growth are coexpressed in
somatic stem cells. PLoS One 2011;
6:e26410.
Bhadri VA, Cowley MJ, Kaplan W, Trahair
TN, Lock RB. Evaluation of the NOD/SCID
xenograft model for glucocorticoidregulated gene expression in childhood B
cell precursor acute lymphoblastic
leukemia. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:565.
Biankin AV, Chanock SJ. The road ahead:
less travelled and more arduous than initially
envisioned. Hum Genet 2011; 130:1-2.
Bilezikian JP, Drezner M, Kream B, Stern P,
Clemens T, Elderkin A, Siris E, Krane S,
Eisman J, Arnold A, Feyen J, Hurley M,
Kawaguchi H, Lorenzo J, Peck W, Pilbeam
C, Rowe D, Martin TJ, Hock J, DeLuca H,
Rodan S, Lukert B, Chen T, Klein-Nulend J.
Lawrence G. Raisz November 13, 1925August 25, 2010. J Bone Miner Res
2011; 26:903-11.
Birzniece V, Meinhardt UJ, Umpleby MA,
Handelsman DJ, Ho KK. Interaction
between testosterone and growth
hormone on whole-body protein
anabolism occurs in the liver. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:1060-7.
Birzniece V, Nelson AE, Ho KK. Growth
hormone and physical performance. Trends
Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22:171-8.
Bjornerem A, Ghasem-Zadeh A, Bui M,
Wang X, Rantzau C, Nguyen TV, Hopper
JL, Zebaze R, Seeman E. Remodeling
markers are associated with larger
intracortical surface area but smaller
trabecular surface area: A twin study.
Bone 2011; 49:1125-30.
Boslem E, MacIntosh G, Preston AM,
Bartley C, Busch AK, Fuller M, Laybutt
DR, Meikle PJ, Biden TJ. A lipidomic screen
of palmitate-treated MIN6 beta-cells links
sphingolipid metabolites with endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress and impaired protein
trafficking. Biochem J 2011; 435:267-76.
Bossen C, Tardivel A, Willen L, Fletcher
CA, Perroud M, Beermann F, Rolink AG,
Scott ML, Mackay F, Schneider P. Mutation
of the BAFF furin cleavage site impairs B
cell homeostasis and antibody responses.
Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:787-97.
PUBLICATIONS
73
Boucher AA, Hunt GE, Micheau J, Huang
X, McGregor IS, Karl T, Arnold JC. The
schizophrenia susceptibility gene neuregulin
1 modulates tolerance to the effects of
cannabinoids. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol
2011; 14:631-43.
Brandon AE, Hoy AJ, Wright LE, Turner N,
Hegarty BD, Iseli TJ, Julia Xu X, Cooney
GJ, Saha AK, Ruderman NB, Kraegen EW.
The evolution of insulin resistance in
muscle of the glucose infused rat. Arch
Biochem Biophys 2011; 509:133-41.
Bridge P, Pocock NA, Nguyen T, Munns C,
Cowell CT, Forwood N, Thompson MW.
Validation of longitudinal DXA changes in
body composition from pre- to midadolescence using MRI as reference. J Clin
Densitom 2011; 14:340-7.
Brink R. New friends for bone marrow
plasma cells. Nat Immunol 2011;
12:115-7.
Brooke DG, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny
WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ. Synthesis and
in vitro evaluation of analogues of
avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in
human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med
Chem 2011; 19:7033-43.
Butt AJ. Overcoming resistance: Targeting
the PI3K/mTOR pathway in endocrine
refractory breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther
2011; 11:947-9.
Butt AJ. Predicting response: Identifying
molecular determinants of endocrine
response and resistance in breast cancer.
Exp Rev Endocrin Metab 2011; 6:661663.
Cannons JL, Tangye SG, Schwartzberg PL.
SLAM family receptors and SAP adaptors
in immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2011;
29:665-705.
Cantley J, Boslem E, Laybutt DR, Cordery
DV, Pearson G, Carpenter L, Leitges M,
Biden TJ. Deletion of protein kinase Cdelta
in mice modulates stability of
inflammatory genes and protects against
cytokine-stimulated beta cell death in
vitro and in vivo. Diabetologia 2011;
54:380-9.
Cao Q, Wang C, Zheng D, Wang Y, Lee
VW, Wang YM, Zheng G, Tan TK, Yu D,
Alexander SI, Harris DC. IL-25 induces
M2 macrophages and reduces renal injury
74
PUBLICATIONS
in proteinuric kidney disease. J Am Soc
Nephrol 2011; 22:1229-39.
Carey S, Storey D, Biankin AV, Martin D,
Young J, Allman-Farinelli M. Long term
nutritional status and quality of life
following major upper gastrointestinal
surgery - A cross-sectional study. Clin
Nutr 2011; 30:774-9.
Center JR, Bliuc D, Nguyen ND, Nguyen
TV, Eisman JA. Osteoporosis medication
and reduced mortality risk in elderly
women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2011; 96:1006-14.
Cerezo-Guisado MI, del Reino P, Remy G,
Kuma Y, Arthur JS, Gallego-Ortega D,
Cuenda A. Evidence of p38gamma and
p38delta involvement in cell
transformation processes. Carcinogenesis
2011; 32:1093-9.
Chan JY, Cooney GJ, Biden TJ, Laybutt DR.
Differential regulation of adaptive and
apoptotic unfolded protein response
signalling by cytokine-induced nitric oxide
production in mouse pancreatic beta cells.
Diabetologia 2011; 54:1766-76.
Chan P, Moller A, Liu MC, Sceneay JE,
Wong CS, Waddell N, Huang KT, Dobrovic
A, Millar EK, O'Toole SA, McNeil CM,
Sutherland RL, Bowtell DD, Fox SB. The
expression of the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2
(seven in absentia homolog 2) is
mediated through gene copy number in
breast cancer and is associated with a
basal-like phenotype and p53 expression.
Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R19.
Chang PP, Barral P, Fitch J, Pratama A, Ma
CS, Kallies A, Hogan JJ, Cerundolo V,
Tangye SG, Bittman R, Nutt SL, Brink R,
Godfrey DI, Batista FD, Vinuesa CG.
Identification of Bcl-6-dependent
follicular helper NKT cells that provide
cognate help for B cell responses. Nat
Immunol 2011; 13:35-43.
Chaugule VK, Burchell L, Barber KR, Sidhu
A, Leslie SJ, Shaw GS, Walden H.
Autoregulation of Parkin activity through
its ubiquitin-like domain. EMBO J 2011;
30:2853-67.
Chevalier N, Jarrossay D, Ho E, Avery DT,
Ma CS, Yu D, Sallusto F, Tangye SG,
Mackay CR. CXCR5 expressing human
central memory CD4 T Cells and their
relevance for humoral immune responses.
J Immunol 2011; 186:5556-68.
Cho JH, Kim HO, Webster K, Palendira M,
Hahm B, Kim KS, King C, Tangye SG,
Sprent J. Calcineurin-dependent negative
regulation of CD94/NKG2A expression on
naive CD8+ T cells. Blood 2011;
118:116-28.
Choi DH, Kim KS, Yang SH, Chung DH,
Song B, Sprent J, Cho JH, Sung YC.
Dendritic cell internalization of alphagalactosylceramide from CD8 T cells
induces potent antitumor CD8 T cell
responses. Cancer Res 2011; 71:7442-51.
Chong JJ, Chandrakanthan V, Xaymardan
M, Asli NS, Li J, Ahmed I, Heffernan C,
Menon MK, Scarlett CJ, Rashidianfar A,
Biben C, Zoellner H, Colvin EK, Pimanda
JE, Biankin AV, Zhou B, Pu WT, Prall OW,
Harvey RP. Adult cardiac-resident MSClike stem cells with a proepicardial origin.
Cell Stem Cell 2011; 9:527-40.
Clark IA, Alleva LM, Vissel B. TNF and
leptin tell essentially the same story in
Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis
2011; 26:201-5.
Cleasby ME, Lau Q, Polkinghorne E, Patel
SA, Leslie SJ, Turner N, Cooney GJ, Xu A,
Kraegen EW. The adaptor protein APPL1
increases glycogen accumulation in rat
skeletal muscle through activation of the
PI3-kinase signalling pathway. J
Endocrinol 2011; 210:81-92.
Clifton-Bligh RJ, Nguyen TV, Au A, Bullock
M, Cameron I, Cumming R, Chen JS,
March LM, Seibel MJ, Sambrook PN.
Contribution of a common variant in the
promoter of the 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene
(CYP27B1) to fracture risk in the elderly.
Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:109-16.
Cochran BJ, Croucher DR, Lobov S,
Saunders DN, Ranson M. Dependence on
endocytic receptor binding via a minimal
binding motif underlies the differential
prognostic profiles of SerpinE1 and
SerpinB2 in cancer. J Biol Chem 2011;
286:24467-75.
Colvin EK, Susanto JM, Kench JG, Ong VN,
Mawson A, Pinese M, Chang DK, Rooman
I, O'Toole SA, Segara D, Musgrove EA,
Sutherland RL, Apte MV, Scarlett CJ,
Biankin AV. Retinoid signalling in pancreatic
cancer, injury and regeneration. PLoS One
2011; 6:e29075.
Coolen MW, Clark SJ. Genome-wide DNA
methylation analysis In: Craig JM, Wong
NC, editors. Epigenetics: A Reference
Manual: Caister Academic Press; 2011;
chapter 22.
Coolen MW, Statham AL, Qu W, Campbell
MJ, Henders AK, Montgomery GW,
Martin NG, Clark SJ. Impact of the
genome on the epigenome is manifested
in DNA methylation patterns of imprinted
regions in monozygotic and dizygotic
twins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25590.
Cooper WA, O'Toole S, Boyer M, Horvath
L, Mahar A. What's new in non-small cell
lung cancer for pathologists: the
importance of accurate subtyping, EGFR
mutations and ALK rearrangements.
Pathology 2011; 43:103-15.
Cox JH, Kljavin NM, Ramamoorthi N,
Diehl L, Batten M, Ghilardi N. IL-27
promotes T cell-dependent colitis through
multiple mechanisms. J Exp Med 2011;
208:115-23.
Curtis J, Henry C, Watkins A, Newall H,
Samaras K, Ward PB. Metabolic
abnormalities in an early psychosis
service: a retrospective, naturalistic crosssectional study. Early Interv Psychiatry
2011; 5:108-14.
Addison KA, Bradbury LA, Center JR,
Cooper C, Cremin C, Estrada K,
Felsenberg D, Gluer CC, Hadler J, Henry
MJ, Hofman A, Kotowicz MA, Makovey J,
Nguyen SC, Nguyen TV, Pasco JA, Pryce
K, Reid DM, Rivadeneira F, Roux C,
Stefansson K, Styrkarsdottir U,
Thorleifsson G, Tichawangana R, Evans
DM, Brown MA. Genome-wide
association study using extreme truncate
selection identifies novel genes affecting
bone mineral density and fracture risk.
PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001372.
Eisman JA, Bone HG, Hosking DJ, McClung
MR, Reid IR, Rizzoli R, Resch H,
Verbruggen N, Hustad CM, DaSilva C,
Petrovic R, Santora AC, Ince BA, Lombardi
A. Odanacatib in the treatment of
postmenopausal women with low bone
mineral density: three-year continued
therapy and resolution of effect. J Bone
Miner Res 2011; 26:242-51.
Elder GJ. Calcium supplementation: lessons
from the general population for chronic
kidney disease and back. Curr Opin
Nephrol Hypertens 2011; 20:369-75.
Deenick EK, Ma CS. The regulation and
role of T follicular helper cells in immunity.
Immunology 2011; 134:361-7.
Deenick EK, Ma CS, Brink R, Tangye SG.
Regulation of T follicular helper cell
formation and function by antigen
presenting cells. Curr Opin Immunol
2011; 23:111-8.
Deters NA, Stokes RA, Gunton JE. Islet
transplantation: factors in short-term islet
survival. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)
2011; 59:421-9.
Devaney J, Stirzaker C, Qu W, Song JZ,
Statham AL, Patterson KI, Horvath LG,
Tabor B, Coolen MW, Hulf T, Kench JG,
Henshall SM, Pe Benito R, Haynes AM,
Mayor R, Peinado MA, Sutherland RL,
Clark SJ. Epigenetic deregulation across
chromosome 2q14.2 differentiates
normal from prostate cancer and provides
a regional panel of novel DNA methylation
cancer biomarkers. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:148-59.
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PUBLICATIONS
83
Garvan Institute of Medical Research
2007
$'000
2008
$'000
2009
$'000
2010
$'000
2011
$'000
NHMRC Grants
Other Peer Reviewed Grants
Other Grants
NSW Government Grant
Commonwealth Government Grant
Commercial Collaborations
Garvan Research Foundation
Other Income
Other Income (Insurance Claim Facade)
16,682
8,530
1,068
4,063
1,193
2,714
3,817
3,543
-
18,695
9,159
4,811
4,026
1,289
4,689
4,050
-
19,094
11,061
1,624
3,797
737
4,120
7,470
-
16,637
10,232
2,600
202
5,174
6,872
2,750
18,574
10,896
1,869
4,135
347
6,113
9,167
-
Total Operating Income
41,610
46,719
47,903
44,467
51,101
Commonwealth Government Grant (TKCC* Construction)
Garvan Research Foundation (TKCC* Construction)
Other Income (TKCC* Construction)
-
-
14,900
1,170
-
7,567
3,528
-
10,173
4,723
2,750
Total Income for TKCC Construction**
-
-
16,070
11,095
17,646
Remuneration Costs
Research Expenditure
Administration and Information Technology
Building and Scientific Operations
23,621
7,640
3,771
2,461
27,337
9,377
5,331
2,753
28,322
7,883
4,822
3,324
29,196
7,517
3,989
6,272
32,215
6,828
5.115
4,743
Total Operating Expenses
37,493
44,798
44,351
46,974
48,901
Income Statement
Building Asset Amortisation
Property, Plant and Equipment Depreciation
Transfer from Building Reserve
Endowment Grants from Garvan Research Foundation
Endowment Earnings
Donations & Bequests direct to/(from) Endowment Fund
Unrealised gain/(loss) on investment
(1,180)
(2,433)
1,047
2,210
2,589
-
(1,189)
(2,390)
1,047
3,953
1,700
5,393
(7,407)
Net Income
6,350
3,028
20,683
7,960
17,978
Accumulated Surplus Brought Forward
9,914
11,109
16,571
32,512
43,128
(2,526)
(3,664)
1,035
380
1,847
207
1,133
1,190
333
(2,090)
3,493
-
Transfer from/(to) Research Program Reserve
Transfer from/(to) Endowment Reserve
Transfer from/(to) Infrastructure Expense Reserve
Accumulated Surplus Carried Forward***
11,109
16,571
(1,657)
(2,597)
1,047
6,388
958
(5,000)
1,922
(2,189)
(2,530)
(23)
32,512
(1,659)
(2,670)
1,047
1,604
1,192
(142)
43,128
(1,723)
(3,939)
1,047
3,586
1,665
(2,504)
62,509
* The Kinghorn Cancer Centre (TKCC).
** Garvan's share of TKCC construction costs to date are capitalised (refer balance sheet - Asset Under Construction (TKCC)).
*** Includes funds for the construction of TKCC.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
85
Garvan Instititute of Medical Research
2007
$'000
2008
$'000
2009
$’000
2010
$’000
2011
$’000
Current Assets
Property, Plant and Equipment
Asset Under Constuction (TKCC*)
Endowment Fund**
Investment in associates
18,226
45,160
27,103
84
21,114
60,085
25,255
84
52,136
60,325
1,731
27,786
84
59,765
57,060
8,399
26,597
84
62,379
58,369
29,660
23,103
84
Total Assets
90,573
106,538
142,062
151,905
173,595
8,343
3,042
4,179
7,860
3,545
18,144
23,372
3,986
18,078
26,187
4,125
18,054
29,995
5,102
18,028
Total Liabilities
15,564
29,549
45,436
48,366
53,125
Accumulated Surplus
Reserves
11,109
63,900
16,571
60,419
32,512
64,114
43,128
60,411
62,509
57,961
Total Net Funds
75,009
76,990
96,626
103,539
120,470
Balance Sheet
Current Liabilities
Provisions
Borrowings
* The Kinghorn Cancer Centre (TKCC).
** Including cash and investments at market value.
86
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Garvan Research Foundation
Statement of Funds
2007
$'000
2008
$'000
2009
$’000
2010
$’000
2011
$’000
Donations & Pledges
Donations & Pledges (for TKCC*)
Events
Bequests
Interest and Other Income
4,961
409
1,847
25
6,277
584
105
3,132
55
4,026
1,742
38
7,764
19
5,231
7,126
215
2,981
44
4,696
9,390
1,273
6,356
37
Total Income
7,242
10,153
13,589
15,597
21,752
(1,184)
(1,114)
(1,268)
(1,496)
(2,152)
(1,170)
(3,528)
(4,723)
Fundraising Expenses
Grants to TKCC Joint Venture Partner
-
-
6,058
9,039
11,151
78
109
507
Funds Available for Grants to Institute:
6,136
9,148
11,658
10,553
15,125
General Research
Specific Research
Endowment Funds
750
3,067
2,210
926
3,762
3,953
1,010
4,280
6,388
1,200
7,501
1,604
1,200
9,638
3,586
Total Grants
6,027
8,641
11,678
10,305
14,424
Net Funds Raised
Accumulated Funds Prior Years
10,573
14,877
(20)
248
Accumulated Funds Carried Forward
Represented By:
Assets
Liabilities
109
507
(20)
248
701
311
(202)
1,391
(884)
164
(184)
401
(153)
907
(206)
Net Assets
109
507
(20)
248
701
* The Kinghorn Cancer Centre (TKCC).
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
87
Garvan Institute of Medical Research
384 Victoria Street
Darlinghurst Sydney NSW 2010
Australia
T +61 2 9295 8100
F +61 2 9295 8101
www.garvan.org.au
Project Manager: Alison Heather
Design: Jason McDonald
Photography: Penelope Clay
Published April 2012
Copies of the Annual Report can be
obtained by contacting:
Gabriella O’Neil
[email protected]
T +61 2 9295 8120