The Child Nutrition Programs
The Child Nutrition Programs administered in the state of Washington by Child Nutrition
Services, Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction are:







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National School Lunch Program
School Breakfast Program
Child and Adult Care Food Program
Summer Food Service Program
Seamless Summer Option
Special Milk Program
Food Distribution Program
Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program
Child Nutrition Services Mission Statement
Assist school districts and other institutions in providing quality nutrition programs that
promote life-long, healthful living while providing nutritious meals each day that
prepare children for learning.
Goals
 To provide leadership for the child nutrition meal programs through advocacy,
assistance, and administration.
 To manage program resources for the benefit of recipients.
 To incorporate nutrition education in all phases of services.
Objectives

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Assist Child Nutrition Program sponsors.
Advocate for good nutrition.
Administer the Child Nutrition Programs.
Support section staff.
Promote strong agency cooperation, interaction, and communication.
Chris Reykdal
State Superintendent of Public Instruction
Donna R. Parsons, MS, RD, SNS
Director, Child Nutrition Services
Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Old Capitol Building
PO Box 47200
Olympia, WA 98504-7200
To print additional copies of this document please visit our web site at
http://www.k12.wa.us/ChildNutrition
Disclaimer: Statistics contained herein are subject to change should the base numbers
change.
Table of Contents
NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH AND SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAMS .................................. 2
HISTORY ........................................................................................................................ 2
HIGHLIGHTS................................................................................................................... 2
PUBLIC SCHOOL NSLP/SBP STATISTICS FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2016-17 ........................ 4
SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM AVERAGE SELLING PRICE ....................................... 5
NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM AVERAGE SELLING PRICE ............................ 5
OCTOBER PUBLIC SCHOOL FREE AND REDUCED-PRICE LUNCH ELIGIBILITY
SUMMARY BY SCHOOL YEAR .................................................................................... 6
NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM STUDENT ELIGIBILITY SUMMARY FOR
OCTOBER 2016.......................................................................................................... 6
SCHOOL DISTRICTS OPERATING FEDERAL BREAKFAST AND LUNCH PROGRAMS BY
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOL YEAR
2015-16 ..................................................................................................................... 7
PUBLIC SCHOOL BREAKFAST PARTICIPATION TOTALS BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
SCHOOL YEAR 2015-16 ............................................................................................. 7
PUBLIC SCHOOL NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PARTICIPATION TOTALS BY
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT SCHOOL YEAR 2015-16 .................................................. 7
PUBLIC SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM PARTICIPATION BY COUNTY 2015-16........ 8
PUBLIC SCHOOL NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM PARTICIPATION 2015-16 .. 9
STATE SUPPORT FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS ...................................... 10
FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM ..................................................................................... 11
HISTORY ...................................................................................................................... 11
HIGHLIGHTS................................................................................................................. 11
SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM ............................................................................... 12
HISTORY ...................................................................................................................... 12
HIGHLIGHTS................................................................................................................. 13
SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM PARTICIPATION............................................. 13
SEAMLESS SUMMER OPTION .......................................................................................... 13
HISTORY ...................................................................................................................... 13
HIGHLIGHTS................................................................................................................. 14
SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM ................................................................................................. 14
FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROGRAM ....................................................................... 15
HISTORY ...................................................................................................................... 15
HIGHLIGHTS................................................................................................................. 15
PARTICIPATION BY SCHOOL YEAR ........................................................................... 16
CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM ..................................................................... 16
HISTORY ...................................................................................................................... 16
HIGHLIGHTS................................................................................................................. 17
PARTICIPATION FOR FISCAL YEAR 2016 .................................................................. 18
CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS AVERAGE DAILY PARTICIPATION AND PERCENT OF
CHANGE BY FISCAL YEAR ................................................................................................. 19
NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH AND SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAMS ............................ 20
SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM ........................................................................... 21
SEAMLESS SUMMER OPTION ..................................................................................... 21
1
NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH AND SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAMS
HISTORY
The National School Lunch Act, signed by President Harry S. Truman,
permanently authorized the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) in 1946.
Three reasons prompted this legislation: (1) there were many young men found
to be malnourished during physical examinations for the military service; (2)
there was a need for an outlet for agricultural commodities produced by
flourishing farms after World War II; and (3) lunch was needed at school for
learning to take place. In 1962, funds for free and reduced-price lunches were
first authorized for schools and in 1970 uniform national income eligibility
guidelines for free and reduced-price meals were authorized.
The School Breakfast Program (SBP) was first established under the Child
Nutrition Act of 1966 as a pilot project. The first consideration was to have the
program for schools in poor areas and in areas where children had to travel a
long distance to school. In 1971, eligibility for free and reduced-price breakfasts
was established using the same income eligibility guidelines as the school lunch
program. In 1975, the School Breakfast Program became a permanent
program.
The Child Nutrition Reauthorization Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-336) allowed
snacks to be claimed for reimbursement by schools operating afterschool care
programs for children up to 18 years and children with disabilities. To be
eligible for the afterschool snack program, children must be in care for
education or enrichment purposes. Afterschool care programs that operate in
areas served by a school in which at least 50 percent of the children enrolled in
school are eligible for free and reduced-price meals may claim snacks for
reimbursement at the free rate. Schools in other areas may also participate in
the afterschool snack program; however, reimbursement depends on the
eligibility category for each child.
HIGHLIGHTS
The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP)
are designed to promote the health and well-being of children by providing
nutritious meals to children in public and private schools and residential child
care institutions (RCCIs).
The income eligibility guidelines for school meals are intended to direct
benefits to those children most in need. These guidelines are based on the
federal income poverty guidelines and are revised annually. The eligibility
criterion is 130 percent of the income poverty guidelines for free and 185
2
percent for reduced-price meals.
There are currently 348 local education agencies (LEAs) in Washington State
that participate in the NSLP/SBP which includes 280 public school districts, 7
charter schools, 2 compact tribal schools, 21 private schools, and 38 RCCIs.
LEAs participating in the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast
Program must offer nutritious, well-balanced, age appropriate meals. Meals are
planned using a meal pattern with Grain, Milk, Meat/Meat Alternate, Fruit, and
Vegetable Components offered daily. Recommendations from the Dietary
Guidelines for Americans are incorporated into the meal pattern requirements
with additional standards for whole grains, milk types, a variety of vegetables,
and target levels for calories and sodium.
3
PUBLIC SCHOOL NSLP/SBP STATISTICS FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2016-17
School Breakfast Program
Districts** on School Breakfast Program
Districts not on School Breakfast Program
282
25
Schools/sites on School Breakfast Program
1,875
Schools/sites not on School Breakfast Program
Average Daily Participation, October 2016
146
185,694
National School Lunch Program
Districts** on National School Lunch Program
Districts not on National School Lunch Program
Schools/sites on National School Lunch Program
Schools/sites not on National School Lunch Program
Average Daily Participation, October 2016
Enrollment of Districts on NSLP/SBP
289
15
2,007
20
487,216
1,088,721*
NOTE: Includes Charter Schools and tribal compact schools.
*Based on October 2016 enrollment figures reported to Child Nutrition Services
**For both tables above, districts include charter schools and compact tribal schools.
4
SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM AVERAGE SELLING PRICE
School Year
Elementary
Middle/Junior High
High School
Reduced-price*
Adult
2010-11
$1.13
$1.20
$1.16
$0.00
$1.87
2011-12
$1.35
$1.49
$1.50
$0.00
$1.92
2012-13
$1.39
$1.51
$1.53
$0.00
$2.00
2013-14
$1.42
$1.54
$1.56
$0.00
$2.16
2014-15
$1.48
$1.59
$1.61
$0.00
$2.31
2015-16
$1.52
$1.62
$1.68
$0.00
$2.47
2016-17
$1.56
$1.65
$1.70
$0.00
$2.44
*Washington State pays the co-pay charged to students for reduced-price breakfast in all grades.
NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM AVERAGE SELLING PRICE
School Year
Elementary
Middle/Junior High
High School
Reduced-price*
Adult
2010-11
$1.93
$2.13
$2.03
$0.36
$3.33
2011-12
$2.21
$2.50
$2.57
$0.36
$3.38
2012-13
$2.30
$2.58
$2.65
$0.36
$3.42
2013-14
$2.35
$2.64
$2.71
$0.36
$3.58
2014-15
$2.44
$2.72
$2.78
$0.36
$3.63
2015-16
$2.55
$2.77
$2.87
$0.36
$3.71
2016-17
$2.61
$2.83
$2.91
$0.36
$3.73
* Some Sponsors do not charge reduced-price eligible students for their meals, resulting in the
average selling price being less than the maximum allowed. In addition, Washington State pays the
co-pay charged to students for reduced-price lunch in grades K-3.
5
OCTOBER PUBLIC SCHOOL FREE AND REDUCED-PRICE LUNCH ELIGIBILITY
SUMMARY BY SCHOOL YEAR
School Year
October
Enrollment
Number of Free and
Reduced-Price Students
% of Students Eligible For Free and
Reduced-Price Meals Applications
2010-11
1,027,338
452,076
44.0%
2011-12
1,025,979
467,279
45.0%
2012-13
1,043,438
476,919
45.7%
2013-14
1,053,646
476,253
45.2%
2014-15
1,059,654
483,750
45.7%
2015-16
1,074,236
476,931
44.4%
2016-17
1,088,721
471,798
43.3%
NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM STUDENT ELIGIBILITY SUMMARY FOR
OCTOBER 2016
Reduced,
70,744, 6%
Free, 401,054,
37%
Paid, 616,923,
57%
Free ≤ 130% of federal poverty guidelines
Reduced-price ≤ 185% of federal poverty guidelines
Above-scale (paid) > 185%
6
SCHOOL DISTRICTS OPERATING FEDERAL BREAKFAST AND LUNCH PROGRAMS BY CONGRESSIONAL
DISTRICT REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2015-16
Revenue Less
Congressional District
Total Revenue
Total Expenditure
Expenditure
1
$37,744,693
$41,266,415
($3,521,722)
2
$36,546,399
$41,411,539
($4,865,140)
3
$38,244,414
$42,083,008
($3,838,594)
4
$70,832,051
$77,245,236
($6,413,185)
5
$39,899,883
$47,293,531
($7,393,648)
6
$31,821,817
$36,216,866
($4,395,050)
7
$26,749,505
$27,924,005
($1,174,500)
8
$39,084,593
$42,468,799
($3,384,206)
9
$24,834,788
$25,815,499
($980,711)
10
$46,110,766
$49,419,552
($3,308,786)
TOTAL
$391,868,908
$431,144,450
($39,275,542)
PUBLIC SCHOOL BREAKFAST PARTICIPATION TOTALS BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT SCHOOL YEAR
2015-16
Total Meals - Free,
Average Daily
Congressional District
Enrollment
Reduced-Price & Paid
Participation (ADP)
1
92,633
1,746,395
9,702
2
111,388
2,750,988
15,283
3
112,890
3,236,357
17,980
4
143,204
6,166,834
34,260
5
99,356
3,722,265
20,679
6
94,685
3,570,115
19,834
7
83,825
2,352,861
13,071
8
95,754
2,585,070
14,362
9
60,431
1,687,384
9,374
10
118,612
3,656,942
20,316
TOTAL
1,012,778
31,475,211
174,862
PUBLIC SCHOOL NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PARTICIPATION TOTALS BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
SCHOOL YEAR 2015-16
Total Meals—Free,
Average Daily
Congressional District
Enrollment
Reduced-Price & Paid
Participation (ADP)
1
105,038
6,637,427
36,875
2
112,998
7,836,353
43,535
3
115,793
9,213,445
51,186
4
144,022
15,745,059
87,473
5
102,220
8,972,082
49,845
6
95,718
8,153,982
45,300
7
84,004
5,582,351
31,013
8
116,607
8,216,877
45,649
9
69,068
5,247,483
29,153
10
129,154
10,011,823
55,621
TOTAL
1,074,622
85,616,882
7
475,649
PUBLIC SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM PARTICIPATION BY COUNTY 2015-16
County
Enrollment
Free
Reduced-price
Paid
Adams
4,666
217,112
27,003
20,919
ADP
1,472
Asotin
3,217
94,389
13,928
15,723
689
Benton
35,903
856,074
102,457
120,259
5,993
Chelan
12,024
324,972
46,327
36,549
2,266
Clallam
8,354
306,100
48,810
161,636
2,870
Clark
75,328
1,181,788
210,495
343,087
9,641
Columbia
423
9,581
2,232
941
71
Cowlitz
16,457
461,457
54,958
64,651
3,228
Douglas
7,394
255,100
31,842
37,152
1,801
Ferry
826
36,413
8,046
10,192
304
Franklin
19,910
772,458
64,989
48,863
4,924
Garfield
318
6,394
1,420
389
46
Grant
19,403
709,699
68,448
85,647
4,799
Grays Harbor
10,324
488,810
23,023
66,260
3,212
Island
8,171
105,074
34,888
30,843
949
Jefferson
2,508
49,253
9,696
10,103
384
King
243,686
4,599,756
615,779
831,851
33,597
Kitsap
31,534
598,024
133,181
169,741
5,005
Kittitas
4,770
97,925
15,889
15,376
718
Klickitat
1,486
63,155
5,725
12,869
454
Lewis
12,292
420,614
34,733
44,223
2,775
Lincoln
2,106
54,042
10,365
36,309
560
Mason
8,128
275,667
23,942
51,336
1,950
Okanogan
7,092
249,488
20,600
50,326
1,780
Pacific
3,052
126,155
10,138
34,412
948
Pend Oreille
1,623
76,945
9,723
40,230
705
Pierce
123,209
3,055,914
447,135
572,375
22,641
San Juan
1,436
23,286
9,968
18,095
285
Skagit
19,069
502,620
71,000
101,252
3,749
Skamania
1,646
46,701
7,505
14,471
382
Snohomish
113,074
1,743,557
338,768
406,974
13,829
Spokane
72,363
1,931,032
296,845
356,542
14,358
Stevens
5,953
198,275
29,956
31,157
1,441
Thurston
40,931
650,383
130,642
187,237
5,379
Wahkiakum
461
12,402
3,229
1,726
96
Walla Walla
8,736
253,190
45,110
31,180
1,830
Whatcom
26,187
594,734
92,348
115,067
4,456
Whitman
4,370
83,363
17,767
26,902
711
Yakima
54,348
2,411,915
81,954
127,665
14,564
Totals
1,012,778
23,943,817
3,200,864
4,330,530
174,862
8
PUBLIC SCHOOL NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM PARTICIPATION 2015-16
County
Enrollment
Free
Reduced-price
Paid
Adams
4,666
431,527
72,166
96,164
ADP
3,333
Asotin
3,217
178,187
34,321
94,371
1,705
Benton
36,463
1,961,016
270,993
725,706
16,432
Chelan
12,859
797,515
139,464
269,614
6,703
Clallam
8,354
435,018
76,698
177,911
3,831
Clark
76,713
3,046,074
604,304
2,029,283
31,554
Columbia
423
20,003
4,768
9,871
192
Cowlitz
16,659
973,848
133,059
371,028
8,211
Douglas
7,394
511,503
80,698
174,381
4,259
Ferry
826
55,696
13,513
21,654
505
Franklin
19,910
1,713,245
185,536
317,669
12,314
Garfield
318
18,287
5,983
19,838
245
Grant
19,403
1,663,005
193,836
385,816
12,459
Grays Harbor
10,473
879,909
50,069
222,328
6,402
Island
9,455
264,196
101,584
243,454
3,385
Jefferson
2,508
103,288
23,868
47,013
968
King
279,797
10,174,910
1,747,888
6,995,523
105,102
Kitsap
35,793
1,273,571
317,444
1,118,553
15,053
Kittitas
4,971
200,587
37,059
92,914
1,836
Klickitat
2,802
152,524
20,940
63,466
1,316
Lewis
12,292
821,724
76,502
179,316
5,986
Lincoln
2,106
95,095
22,019
78,299
1,086
Mason
8,168
567,310
58,216
135,295
4,227
Okanogan
7,350
524,244
61,700
163,403
4,163
Pacific
3,052
230,832
22,259
85,829
1,883
Pend Oreille
1,623
104,731
12,435
42,103
885
Pierce
133,357
6,484,041
1,077,884
2,875,448
57,985
San Juan
1,436
46,802
20,487
54,621
677
Skagit
19,069
1,098,224
169,958
410,027
9,323
Skamania
1,646
71,793
11,552
55,613
772
Snohomish
113,557
3,927,530
849,459
2,742,269
41,774
Spokane
73,937
3,787,126
703,662
1,867,097
35,322
Stevens
6,518
354,778
67,142
140,647
3,125
Thurston
41,723
1,539,291
340,077
1,284,505
17,577
Wahkiakum
461
29,183
4,916
7,755
233
Walla Walla
9,025
564,977
107,647
179,269
4,733
Whatcom
26,233
1,126,036
206,140
545,974
10,434
Whitman
4,806
155,865
41,649
187,580
2,139
Yakima
55,259
5,875,602
238,005
640,282
37,522
Totals
1,074,622
52,259,093
8,205,900
25,151,889
475,649
9
STATE SUPPORT FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAMS
For school year 2015-16, the Washington State Legislature appropriated $7.111
million in support of public school food service programs.
Of the funds appropriated, the following was spent by category:
Elimination of reduced-price breakfast co-pay:
Elimination of reduced-price lunch co-pay (K-3):
Free and reduced-price breakfast assistance:
Breakfast Meals for Kids Grants:
Summer Food Service Program Assistance:
Total:
$ 956,283
$ 1,162,710
$ 4,660,600
$ 194,632
$ 136,422
$ 7,110,647
Public Schools Food
Services Revenue For
School Fiscal Year 2015-16
State
1.7%
Local Levy*
9.2%
Federal
Local Sales
23.6%
Local Sales
State
Federal
65.5
Local Levy
Local Levy: This is based on the maximum assigned federal unrestricted indirect cost rate. Child
Nutrition does not yet have a method for capturing actual indirect costs.
10
FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM
HISTORY
The Food Distribution Program began in the early 1930s as an outgrowth of
federal agriculture policies designed to shore up farm prices and help American
farmers suffering from the economic upheaval of the Great Depression. Many
individual farmers lost their farms, while the total amount of farmland
increased. Farmers planted more acreage to try to make up for poor prices –
thus further depressing prices by increasing surpluses in a time of falling
demand. At the same time, millions of people in the cities lost their jobs and
were without means of support for themselves and their families. The danger
of malnutrition among children became a national concern. For the full
legislative history of food distribution program visit
https://www.fns.usda.gov/fdd/fdd-history-and-background.
HIGHLIGHTS
Public and private schools, residential child care institutions, and approved
state agencies that participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) are
eligible to receive food purchased by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA). In 2015-2016, USDA Foods valued at $30.2 million and totaling over 24
million pounds were allocated. Each month schools are in session,
approximately three million pounds of USDA Foods are distributed by the USDA
Food Distribution section of Child Nutrition Services.
In school year 2015-16, 335 agencies were allocated USDA Foods at the rate of
30.25 cents for each lunch served. They were able to select from a variety of
dry, canned, frozen, and fresh foods for delivery up to eight times during the
year. These USDA Foods represent 20–25 percent of the value of all foods
purchased for the school lunch program. In cooperation with the Department
of Defense, 80 agencies were allocated $3.5 million for the purchase of fresh
fruit and vegetables. Washington also participated in the Procurement of
Unprocessed Fruit and Vegetable Pilot for 18 WA agencies valued at $475,000.
Food Distribution is funded through a state-administered revolving fund.
Agencies are charged a fee to cover storage, handling, and shipping of USDA
Foods. They also reimburse the state account for processing costs paid to USDA
processors who manufacture over 120 specific food items for the NSLP.
The Child Nutrition/Food Distribution delivers various USDA processed food to
preapproved storage, distribution, or school district locations.
11
State agency procurement for processed items assist LEAs by:



Eliminating or reducing the administrative burden on the school
districts and agencies by writing specifications and advertising for
formal invitations for bids (IFB). This includes formal quotes (Requests
for Formal Quotes) or informal quotes with all procurement following
federal and state requirements.
Ensuring that product specifications are written in order to guarantee
nutritional integrity, maximum competition, and provide a variety of
food products utilized in Child Nutrition Programs.
Reducing food cost through volume purchasing directly from
manufacturers to improve the financial health of all school districts,
agencies, and distributors.
Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) sponsors also receive USDA Foods based
on 1.5 cents for each eligible meal served. This represents approximately
$18,000 additional entitlement dollars for these programs.
All Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) institutions receive cash-in-lieu
of USDA Foods. For 2015-16, this equaled $0.23 for each eligible meal served.
SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM
HISTORY
The Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) was established in 1968 as part of
the pilot program along with the Child Care Food Program. The intention was
to provide meals to children in areas where poor economic conditions existed
or where there were high concentrations of working mothers. In 1975, the SFSP
was formally established as a separate program. In 1981, the Omnibus
Reconciliation Bill set the eligibility requirements at higher levels than in
previous years. Area eligibility required 50 percent or more of the children in
the area to be from families at or below 185 percent of the poverty level.
Sponsors must apply annually to operate a SFSP. Once approved, sponsors
operate sites in low-income areas and feed children age 18 and younger.
Sponsors may serve a maximum of two meals per day, which includes snacks as
a meal choice.
In the summer of 2006, the SFSP rules were simplified, formally known as the
Lugar Pilot. This program reduced the paperwork burden placed on sponsors
and ensured them the maximum reimbursement (meals served multiplied by
rates).
12
HIGHLIGHTS
The Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction assumed the administration
of the SFSP in Washington State in 1989. The first year, 23 organizations and
one school district sponsored the program. During the last 27 years, the
number of sponsors, meal sites and children participating has fluctuated—
especially since 2002 when school districts received the option of operating the
Seamless Summer Option (SSO) instead of the SFSP. Participation fluctuated
again in 2006 when the federal regulations were simplified to reduce the
administrative burdens placed on sponsors. For the summer of 2016, meals
were served to children in 31 of the 39 counties, with a total of 152 sponsors
and 941 sites. A daily average of 41,167 children were served.
SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM PARTICIPATION
School Districts/Private Schools
Private Nonprofit Organizations
Indian Tribes
City and County Governments
Colleges/Universities and Upward Bound Programs
Residential Camps
TOTAL
92
40
6
8
3
3
152
SEAMLESS SUMMER OPTION
HISTORY
The Seamless Summer Option (SSO) began as a pilot program in California and
Florida. The SSO was expanded to all states in 2002 and was set to terminate
following the summer of 2004. However, in early 2004, the program became a
permanent option for local education agencies (LEAs) to use in operation of a
summer feeding program. The program is now known as the Seamless Summer
Option (SSO).
The SSO combines features of the NSLP, SBP, and the SFSP. The purpose of the
SSO is to reduce the administrative burden and paperwork requirements
placed on schools to operate a summer food program.
LEAs must apply annually to operate the program. Once approved, sponsors
operate feeding sites in low-income areas and may feed children 18 years and
younger. Meals are reimbursed at the free NSLP/SBP rates. Meal sites may be
in school and non-school settings such as community centers, Boys and Girls
Clubs, and YMCAs. A maximum of two meals per day may be served, which
includes snacks as a meal choice.
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Sponsorship of the SSO decreased in 2007, as Washington State was approved
to operate under the “simplified” rules of the SFSP. LEAs were encouraged to
switch from the SSO back to the SFSP, as the SFSP decreased the administrative
burden associated with the program and reimbursement rates were higher
under the SFSP.
HIGHLIGHTS
For the summer of 2016, there were 27 school districts/private schools
participating with 65 meal service sites throughout the state. SSO sites were
located in 19 of the 39 counties.
SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM
The Special Milk Program (SMP) was established in 1955 to increase the
consumption of fluid milk for children in nonprofit schools. In 1966, the SMP
was incorporated into the Child Nutrition Act. In 1981, legislation was enacted
that limited participation in the milk program to schools and institutions not
participating in other child nutrition programs. Participation was restored to
schools on the NSLP/SBP with split session kindergarten in which children do
not have access to meal service.
The SMP provides reimbursement for milk served to children in schools, child
care institutions, afterschool programs, or summer camps that do not
participate in other Child Nutrition Programs. Children from families that
qualify for free milk may receive milk at no cost if this option is chosen by the
sponsor.
There are currently 51 SMP sponsors. This includes 4 public schools, 35 private
schools, 1 governmental agency, 1 child care center, and 10 summer camps.
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FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROGRAM
HISTORY
The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) initially began as a pilot authorized
by Congress in 2002. The pilot provided funds to purchase fresh fruit and
vegetables in four states and an Indian Tribal Organization (ITO) for school year
2002–03.
The success of the pilot led to the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of
2004, which expanded the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program to four additional
states and made it a permanent program under the National School Lunch Act.
The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008 expanded the FFVP nationwide for
school year 2008–09. The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (also
known as the Farm Bill) amended the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch
Act by adding section 19, the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program. Section 19
permanently authorized the program nationwide, consolidated all prior
operations, and provided a significant funding increase in Fiscal Year 2009.
HIGHLIGHTS
The FFVP is intended to provide all students in participating schools with a variety
of free fresh fruits and vegetables throughout the school day. It is an effective
and creative way of introducing fresh fruit and vegetables as healthy snack
options. The FFVP also encourages community partnerships to support schools
when they offer free fruit and vegetables to students during the school day.
The goals of the FFVP are to:
 Create healthier school environments by providing healthier food choices.
 Expand the variety of fruit and vegetables children experience.
 Increase student’s fruit and vegetable consumption.
 Make a difference in student’s diets to impact their present and future health.
This program is seen as an important catalyst for change in the efforts to combat
childhood obesity by helping students learn more healthful eating habits. The
FFVP introduces students to a variety of produce that they might not otherwise
have the opportunity to experience.
Not all schools are eligible to participate in the FFVP. Those sites eligible to apply
must:
 Be inclusive of elementary aged students;
 Participate on the National School Lunch Program; and,
 Have 50% or more free and reduced priced eligibility.
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Schools with the highest free and reduced-price percentages are then awarded
the FFVP for the following school year.
Funding is determined based on total enrollment and can be no less than $50 per
student and no more than $75 per student. Single schools with enrollment of 250
or less students have historically received the maximum per student allocation
while all other schools have received a per student allocation based on
enrollment versus remaining funding.
Participation from year to year is not guaranteed as it depends upon the number
of schools that apply, their total enrollment, their free and reduced percentages,
and the funding provided by USDA.
PARTICIPATION BY SCHOOL YEAR
School Year
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
# of Schools
81
121
140
143
149
146
Enrollment
35,126
54,468
63,960
65,498
70,248
71,170
Total Funding Amount
$2,123,256
$3,129,843
$3,231,560
$3,305,825
$3,550,025
$3,598,055
2016-17
163
75,159
$3,838,600
A detailed historical funding history of the FFVP in Washington State can be
found at http://www.k12.wa.us/ChildNutrition/programs/FFVP/Awards.aspx
CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM
HISTORY
In 1968, the Special Foodservice Program for Children (SFSPC) was established.
This pilot program was operated by day care centers where poor economic
conditions existed or where there were high concentrations of working
mothers. In 1975, the SFPFC separated out the Child Care and Summer Food
Service components.
The Child Care Food Program was permanently established in 1978. Eligibility
was expanded to include before and after-school care and any licensed public
or private nonprofit organization providing nonresidential child care. It
specifically included family day care homes and the Head Start Program.
In 1989, adult day care centers providing meals to eligible enrolled individuals
began participating and the program’s name was changed to the Child and
Adult Care Food Program (CACFP).
16
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
(P.L. 104-193) mandated several changes to the CACFP, including the
reimbursement structure for family day care homes and a reduction in the
number of meals that child care centers could claim for reimbursement.
The Child Nutrition Reauthorization Act of 1998 allowed emergency shelters
that serve homeless children and their families to participate and authorized
reimbursement for snacks served in area-eligible at-risk centers.
The Child Nutrition Reauthorization Act of 2004 expanded for-profit
(proprietary) centers’ eligibility if at least 25 percent of the children in care
(enrolled or license capacity, whichever is less) are eligible for free or reducedprice meals. They may also participate if they receive compensation under Title
XX for at least 25 percent of their licensed or enrolled capacity, whichever is
less.
The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act expanded the at-risk program to include a
supper that could be provided at the end of the school day. The Act also made
some significant changes for family day care homes, including the ability of
sponsoring organizations to carry-over up to ten percent of their earned
administrative funds from the previous fiscal year.
Eligible participants include infants and children through the age of 12, children
of migrant workers 15 years and under, children 18 years and under in
emergency shelters or in at-risk programs, mentally or physically disabled
persons as defined by the state, and adults 60 years and older.
HIGHLIGHTS
The CACFP provides federal funds to nonresidential child and adult care
facilities to serve nutritious meals and snacks. The goal of the CACFP is to
improve and maintain the health and nutritional status of children and adults in
care while promoting the development of good eating habits.
Eligible programs include: nonresidential, licensed public or private, nonprofit
child care centers or family day care homes; Head Start; Early Childhood
Educational Assistance Program (ECEAP); outside-school-hours programs;
homeless shelters; area-eligible at-risk centers; and eligible proprietary child
care and adult care centers.
Eligibility based on compensation under Title XX is not an option in Washington.
Reimbursement rates for child and adult care centers are based on family income
eligibility. Homeless shelters and at-risk centers are reimbursed at the free rate.
17
Reimbursement rates for family day care home providers are offered on a twotiered structure determined by economic need based on the location of the
child care home, the income of the child care provider, or the income of an
individual child’s household.
The CACFP reaches children and adults in all 39 counties. With the addition of
suppers, the At-Risk Afterschool Meals Program is rapidly expanding. However,
the number of family day care homes has steadily decreased since 1997.
PARTICIPATION FOR FISCAL YEAR 2016
Independent centers have only one site. Sponsors have two or more sites.
CACFP institutions are further divided according to the population they serve.
Some institutions serve multiple populations.
The following is a breakdown of the types of institutions in fiscal year 2016 that
participated in the CACFP.
Institution Type
Number of Institutions Sites Sponsored
Independent Centers & Sponsors
Adult Care Sponsors
Subtotals
Family Day Care Home Sponsors
Grand Totals
18
563
1,249
12
16
575
1,265
9
1,745
584
3,010
CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS AVERAGE DAILY PARTICIPATION AND
PERCENT OF CHANGE BY FISCAL YEAR
FAMILY DAYCARE HOMES
Year
# of Meals
Served
Sites Operating*
ADP*
Number % of Change Number
% of Change
Sept. 2010
1,034,466
2,929
-5.8%
18,277
-4%
Sept. 2011
889,229
2,598
-11.3%
15,783
-14%
Sept. 2012
780,782
2,333
-10.2%
14,933
-5%
Sept. 2013
763,002
2,147
-8.0%
14,138
-5%
Sept. 2014
779,024
2,025
-5.7%
13,741
-5%
Sept. 2015
732,443
1,890
-6.7%
14,756
7%
Sept. 2016
686,562
1,745
-7.7%
13,742
-7%
CHILD CARE CENTERS AND ADULT CARE CENTERS
Sites Operating*
Year
# of Meals
Served
ADP*
Number % of Change Number
% of Change
Sept. 2010
2,055,708
1,228
1%
51,629
4%
Sept. 2011
1,951,691
1,313
7%
52,842
2%
Sept. 2012
1,752,096
1,285
-2%
62,402
18%
Sept. 2013
1,863,618
1,299
1%
51,969
-17%
Sept. 2014
2,083,335
1,315
1%
58,400
12%
Sept. 2015
2,101,368
1,240
-6%
64,475
10%
Sept. 2016
2,183,624
1,265
2%
66,384
3%
* Average Daily Participation
% of Change: Current year number of sites and ADP data for the month of September compared to
September number of sites and ADP data from the previous year.
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NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH AND SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAMS
BREAKFAST
Year
Meals
ADP*
% Change
ADP
Average Days of Service
Oct. 2010
3,406,760 169,253
20.13
4%
Oct. 2011
3,556,336 174,468
20.38
3%
Oct. 2012
3,920,549 175,344
22.36
1%
Oct. 2013
3,958,036 177,535
22.29
1%
Oct. 2014
4,185,592 189,613
22.07
7%
Oct. 2015
3,863,635 183,486
21.06
-3%
Oct. 2016
3,746,010 187,346
20.00
2%
LUNCH
Year
Meals
Oct. 2010 10,255,823
Oct. 2011 10,339,808
Oct. 2012 10,951,780
Oct. 2013 10,837,332
Oct. 2014 11,400,705
Oct. 2015 10,334,679
Oct. 2016
9,754,598
ADP*
Average Days of Service
510,152
509,919
492,917
487,430
516,211
489,869
490,437
% Change ADP
20.10
20.28
22.22
22.23
22.09
21.12
19.89
3%
0.0%
-3%
-1%
6%
-5%
0.1%
SNACKS
Year
Meals
ADP*
Average Days of Service
% Change
ADP
Oct. 2010
225,086
12,080
18.63
37%
Oct. 2011
227,066
12,233
18.56
1%
Oct. 2012
241,924
11,844
20.43
-3%
Oct. 2013
218,455
9,825
22.23
-17%
Oct. 2014
214,312
10,337
20.73
5%
Oct. 2015
196,472
10,091
19.47
-2%
Oct. 2016
196,423
11,920
16.48
18%
*Average Daily Participation
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SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM
Lunch Sites*
Year
Lunches
Lunch ADP*
% of
Change
Number
Number
% of
Change
July 2010
542,286
596
-0.3%
36,744
-11.4%
July 2011
544,924
647
8.6%
39,587
7.7%
July 2012
591,983
712
10.0%
41,012
3.6%
July 2013
623,452
706
-1.0%
40,365
-1.6%
July 2014
729,618
777
10.1%
46,216
14.5%
July 2015
710,630
827
6.4%
42,958
-7.0%
July 2016
632,478
860
4.0%
42,510
-1.0%
SEAMLESS SUMMER OPTION
Lunch Sites*
Year
Lunches
Lunch ADP*
% of
Change
Number
Number
% of
Change
July 2010
38,140
30
-33.0%
2,711
-30.8%
July 2011
43,049
40
33.0%
2,673
-1.4%
July 2012
49,575
54
35.0%
3,292
23.2%
July 2013
53,150
59
9.3%
3,129
-5.0%
July 2014
52,381
50
-18%
3,028
-3.3%
July 2015
56,261
53
5.7%
3,203
5.4%
July 2016
54,230
50
-6%
3,342
4.3%
*Average Daily Participation
% of Change: Current year site and ADP data for the month of July compared to July site and ADP
data from the previous year.
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In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and
employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs
are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, sex,
disability, age, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity in any
program or activity conducted or funded by USDA.
Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for
program information (e.g. Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign
Language, etc.), should contact the Agency (State or local) where they applied
for benefits. Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing or have speech
disabilities may contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 8778339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages
other than English.
To file a program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program
Discrimination Complaint Form, (AD-3027) found online at:
http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, and at any USDA office,
or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the
information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form,
call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: mail:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil
Rights,1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; fax:
(202) 690-7442; or email: [email protected].
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