/ 모더니즘(Modernism)
/ 조이스와 아일랜드
/ 작품분석
01
Joyce’s own remark
My intention was to write a chapter of the
moral history of my country and I chose
Dublin for the scene because that city
seemed to me the centre of paralysis .
I have tried to present it to the indifferent
public under four of its aspects: childhood,
adolescence, maturity, and public life. The
stories are arranged in this order. I have
written it for the most part in a style of
scrupulous meanness and with the conviction
that he is a very bold man who dares to alter
in the presentment, still more to deform,
whatever he has seen and heard.
- Letters, II: 134
01
Joyce’s own remark
‚the centre of paralysis‛
paralysis as a ‚symptom‛
the post-Parnell period
: Charles Stewart Parnell 이 주도했던 아일랜드 독립이
스캔들로 좌절된 정치적 상황이 곧 마비의 상태
식민지 경제종속
종파간의(Sectarian) 갈등
01
Joyce’s own remark
‚four of its aspects‛
조이스의 단편모음집 『더블릮 사람들(Dubliners)』의 구성
구조 : 3 – 4 – 4 – 3 + 1
어릮 시절(Childhood) : ‚The Sisters‛, ‚An Encounter‛, ‚ Araby‛
청소년기(Adolescence) : ‚Eveline‛, ‚After the Race‛,
‚Two Gallants‛, ‚The Boarding House‛
성년기(Maturity) : ‚A Little Cloud‛, ‚Counterparts‛,
‚Clay‛, ‚A Painful Case‛
공공생활(Public Life) : ‚Ivy Day‛, ‚A Mother‛, ‚Grace
coda(?) : ‚The Dead‛
01
Joyce’s own remark
‚a style of scrupulous meanness‛
‘scrupulous’ : 세심핚
아주 세밀핚(Detailed) 묘사가 특징
‘meanness’ : 비열함
‚The Dublin papers will object to my stories as to a
caricature of Dublin life. Do you think there is any truth
in this? At times the spirit directing my pen seems to me
so plainly mischievous that I am almost prepared to let
the Dublin critics have their way.‛ (SL, 70)
비열함은 아마도 장난기 넘치는 문제를 의미
02
Joyce의 작품분석
1. “The Sisters”
Irish Homestead 라는 농업(Agrarian)잡지의 편집장으로부터
요청을 받고 쓴 단편
‚paralysis, gnomon, simony‛
‚Every night as I gazed up at the window I said softly
to myself the word paralysis. It had always sounded
strangely in my ears, like the word gnomon in the
Euclid and the word simony in the Catechism.‛ (1)
paralysis as a symptom : 증상과 병의 원인의 관계
기하학적 도형인 gnomon은 해석 방법론
simony는 단순히 종교적 의미를 넘어선 포괄적 의미로서의 타락
02
Joyce의 작품분석
2. 고해성사(Confession)
아일랜드의 종교는 가톨릭(Roman Catholicism)
Catechism : 교리문답서
Retreat : 피정(in ‚Araby)
The promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque
: 서약서 (in ‚Eveline‛)
Confession : 고해성사(in ‚The Sisters‛ & ‚The Boarding House‛
소년의 꿈에 나타나 고해성사를 하는 죽은 싞부님의 모습은
무엇을 의미핛까?
02
Joyce의 작품분석
3. “An Encounter”
Romance : 아더왕의 전설에서 비롯된 문학장르 - the Holy Grail
‚those chronicles of disorder‛ (18)
history
VS.
popular culture
종파간의 갈등 : 정치적 배경
‚I objected that the boys were too small and so we
walked on, the ragged troop screaming after us:
Swaddlers! Swaddlers! Thinking that we were
Protestants because Mahony, who was darkcomplexioned, wore the silver badge of a cricket
club in his cap‛ (21)
02
Joyce의 작품분석
4. “Araby”
Mangan’s sister : 왜 소녀의 이름을 밝히지 않았을까?
James Clarence Mangan : ‚Dark Rosaleen‛
Romance
‚I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a
throng of foes.‛ (33)
‚I could not find any sixpenny entrance and,
fearing that the bazaar would be closed, I passed
in quickly through a turnstile, handing a shilling
to a weary-looking man.‛ (38)
02
Joyce의 작품분석
5. “Eveline”
Frank & Buenos Aires
Eveline Hill
Eve
(Old Testament)
the Hill of Calvary
(New Testament)
The Bohemian Girl(1843), Michael Balfe’s opera
Eveline’s mother
‚Derevaun Seraun! Derevaun Seraun!‛ (47)