2013 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION MOCK-UP 456 Biology Centre Number Section I (continued) 12345678 Part B – 55 marks Attempt Questions 21–30 Allow about 1 hour and 40 minutes for this part Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the expected length of response. Student Number Your name will be covered up so that the markers will not see it Student, Sample Do NOT write in this area. Extra writing space is provided on pages 23 and 24. If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering. If you do not clearly label all your work, your full answer may not be marked Based on the 2012 Biology HSC examination paper Please turn over Do NOT write in the shaded area as this will be cut off before marking –9– Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 2001 15030 456 12345678 000001234 4393310351 BLANK PAGE Do NOT write in this area. – 10 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 2381310356 Question 21 (5 marks) You performed a first-hand investigation to estimate the size of blood cells. (a) How did you estimate the size of the cells? 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Draw a scaled diagram that shows the features of both a red blood cell and a white blood cell. 3 Do NOT write in this area. (b) – 11 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 000001234 1159310358 Question 22 (7 marks) Students in a class conducted a first-hand investigation to test the hypothesis that if CO2 were continually bubbled in water then the pH would decrease over time. One student presented the data in the graph, as shown. 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 pH 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 5 Time (min) 10 20 2 Present these data in a table. (a) 2 Do NOT write in this area. 0 Question 22 continues on page 13 – 12 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 4873310354 Question 22 (continued) (b) On the grid below, plot the data from the table in part (a) and draw a curve of best fit. 3 8 7 Do NOT write in this area. pH 6 5 (c) Why is it better to represent these results as a curve of best fit rather than as a column graph? 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... End of Question 22 – 13 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 000001234 7471310351 Question 23 (5 marks) A non-infectious disease was observed in a mother and her four sons who live with her. She has no daughters. The father of these children does not have the disease and does not live with them. The woman’s parents and her two sisters who live overseas do not have the disease. 1 Her doctor suspects that the disease is NOT inherited. Identify data that could be collected to investigate a non-inheritable cause of the disease. ............................................................................................................................... (b) A geneticist suspects that the disease is inherited. Draw the family pedigree for this disease. 2 (ii) From the evidence, what indicates that the disease could be the result of a recessive allele and not be sex linked? 2 Do NOT write in this area. (i) ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... – 14 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 9964310350 (a) Question 24 (5 marks) You conducted first-hand investigations to test the effects of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on enzyme activity. (a) Complete the following table by identifying the variables for ONE of your investigations. Independent variable .................................... (b) Dependent variable Kept constant .................................... pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration Outline how you measured the activity of an enzyme in your investigation. In your answer, name the enzyme. 1 2 Do NOT write in this area. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... (c) Describe how a condition needed for optimal enzyme activity would be expected to vary between endotherms and ectotherms. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... – 15 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 000001234 5638310354 Question 25 (6 marks) Beadle and Tatum’s experiment involved the analysis of bread mould growth. Bread mould uses an enzyme to make the amino acid arginine. The diagram shows bread mould growth after culturing on two different media. In one part of the experiment, the bread mould had been irradiated before culturing. With irradiation Without irradiation Key Bread mould growth Minimal medium Minimal medium Minimal medium + arginine How do these results support the ‘one gene – one protein’ hypothesis? 4 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... Do NOT write in this area. (a) Minimal medium + arginine ............................................................................................................................... Justify the types of secondary sources that would be acceptable to use to research Beadle and Tatum’s experiment. 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... – 16 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 9657310359 (b) Question 26 (5 marks) A scientist performed an epidemiological study to investigate the cause and effect relationship of smoking and lung cancer as follows: 5 1. Handed out a scientifically valid questionnaire to all colleagues (n = 144) at work 2. Checked that there were an equal number of male and female respondents 3. Discovered that there were more non-smoking respondents than smoking respondents. Removed some of the non-smokers until both groups had equal numbers 4. Checked that all the respondents had a medical check-up in the past year 5. Analysed data, wrote the paper and published it in a scientific blog. From the information provided, analyse the methodology used by this scientist. Do NOT write in this area. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... – 17 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 000001234 6157310351 Question 27 (4 marks) During a major international horse event in Australia, a group of horses, including some from overseas, is discovered to be infected by a deadly virus. This virus is only found in Australia. 4 Give reasons for strategies that could be carried out to control this disease outbreak. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... Do NOT write in this area. ......................................................................................................................................... – 18 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 1086310357 Question 28 (5 marks) Explain the relationship between replication of DNA and evolution. 5 ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... Do NOT write in this area. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... Please turn over – 19 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 000001234 6784310357 Question 29 (5 marks) 3 Complete the following diagram to show the process by which gametes are formed. A A B B a Do NOT write in this area. a b b A a A B B a b b (a) a B A B Question 29 continues on page 21 – 20 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 7927310357 Question 29 (continued) (b) How does the segregation of chromosomes during meiosis lead to a wide variety of gametes being produced? 2 .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. Do NOT write in this area. End of Question 29 Please turn over – 21 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 000001234 9403310358 Question 30 (8 marks) Explain how the contributions of Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and MacFarlane Burnet have increased our understanding of the nature and prevention of infectious disease. 8 ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... Do NOT write in this area. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... – 22 – Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line. 8246310352 Section I – Part B Extra writing space If you use 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make any marks below this line. 000001234 9248310355 Section I – Part B Extra writing space If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 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