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9.1 Naming Ions >
9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions
Monatomic Ions
Chapter 9
a single atom with a positive or negative
charge resulting from the loss or gain of
one or more valence electrons
Chemical Names and Formulas
9.1 Naming Ions
9.2 Naming and Writing Formulas for
Ionic Compounds
9.3 Naming and Writing Formulas for
Molecular Compounds
9.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for
Acids and Bases
9.5 The Laws Governing How
Compounds Form
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9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions
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9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions
Cations
Cations
Recall that metallic elements tend to lose
valence electrons. What are the charges/
oxidation numbers for the ions of the following
elements
•  The names of most metal cations are the
name of the metal, followed by the word
ion or cation.
•  Na+ : sodium ion (or cation)
•  Mg2+ : magnesium ion
•  Al3+ : aluminum ion
•  Rubidium:
•  Magnesium:
•  Aluminum:
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9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions
9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions
Metals That Form More Than One Ion
Anions
Anion names start with the stem of the
element name and end in -ide.
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
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Fluoride ion: F–
Chloride ion: Cl–
Nitride ion:
P3–:
Arsenide ion:
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9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions
Transition metals can
form more than one
cation with different ionic
charges.
Depends on the
number of electrons
they lose in reactions/
bonding.
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9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions
Metals That Form More Than One Ion
Metals That Form More Than One Ion
Stock method: Roman numeral indicates
the numerical value of the charge.
Classic method: older, less
useful
•  Fe2+
•  iron(II) ion
•  “iron two ion”
• Fe2+
• ferrous ion
•  Fe3+
•  iron(III) ion
•  “iron three ion”
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• Fe3+
• ferric ion
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9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions
9.1 Naming Ions > Monatomic Ions
Metals That Form More Than One Ion
Symbols and Names of Common Metal Ions With
More Than One Ionic Charge
Symbol
Stock Name
Classical Name
Cu2+
Copper(I) ion
Cuprous ion
Cu2+
Copper(II) ion
Cupric ion
Pb2+
Lead(II) ion
Plumbous ion
Pb4+
Lead(IV) ion
Plumbic ion
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9.1 Naming Ions >
Sample Problem 9.1
For transition metals that have only one
ionic charge.
• The names do not have a Roman
numeral.
• Ag+: silver ion
• Cd2+: cadmium ion
• Zn2+: zinc ion
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9.1 Naming Ions >
Naming Cations and Anions
Sample Problem 9.1
2 Solve Apply concepts to the situation.
Name the ion formed by each of
the following elements:
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Determine whether the ion is a cation or an
anion.
a.  potassium
a. K
1+
K+ is a cation.
b.  lead, 4 electrons lost
b. Pb
4+
Pb4+ is a cation.
c.  sulfur
c. S
2–
S2– is an anion.
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9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions
9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions
Unlike a monatomic ion, a polyatomic
ion is composed of more than one
atom.
Like a monatomic ion, a polyatomic ion
behaves as one unit and carries a
charge.
How do polyatomic ions differ from
monatomic ions? How are they similar?
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9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions
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9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions
Common Polyatomic Ions
Charge Formula
Ammonium ion
(NH4+)
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Nitrate ion
(NO3–)
Sulfate ion
(SO42–)
Phosphate ion
(PO43–)
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Name
1–
HSO4–
NO2–
ClO–
Hydrogen sulfate
Nitrite
Hypochlorite
2–
SO32–
SO42–
CO32–
Sulfite
Sulfate
Carbonate
3–
PO43–
Phosphate
1+
NH4+
Ammonium
The names of most
polyatomic ions
end in -ite or -ate.
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9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions
9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions
•  The charge is the same on each polyatomic ion
in a pair for which there is both an -ite and an ate ion.
-ite
SO32−, sulfite
NO2–, nitrite
ClO2–, chlorite
-ate
SO42–, sulfate
NO3–, nitrate
ClO3–, chlorate
•  The -ite ending indicates one less oxygen atom
than the -ate ending.
•  However, the ending does not tell you the actual
number of oxygen atoms in the ion.
•  For example, the nitrite ion has two oxygen
atoms, and the sulfite ion has three oxygen
atoms.
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9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions
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9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions
•  When the formula for a polyatomic ion begins
with H (hydrogen), you can think of the H as
representing a hydrogen ion (H+) combined with
another polyatomic ion.
The hydrogen carbonate anion (HCO3–), the
hydrogen phosphate anion (HPO42–), and
the dihydrogen phosphate anion (H2PO42–)
are essential components of living systems.
•  For example, HCO3– is a combination of H+
and CO32–.
The presence of
these ions
dissolved in your
blood is critical for
your health.
•  Note that the charge on the new ion is the sum
of the ionic charges of the two component
ions.
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9.1 Naming Ions > Polyatomic Ions
Sodium hydrogen
carbonate, which
contains the HCO3–
ion, can relieve an
upset stomach.
In contrast, the cyanide ion (CN–) is
extremely poisonous to living systems
because it blocks a cell’s means of
producing energy.
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