AN OVERVIEW ON
PPG’s, CPG’S, & CP’S
Dr.RASHA ABDELHALIM
STAFF IMPROVEMENT SUPERVISOR
CQI &PS
INTRODUCTION:
Policies and procedures are vital part of
healthcare management because they prevent
each employee from having to reinvent the
wheel and they provide a standard against
which individual performance can be judged.
 CPG’s & CP’s are modern clinical thinking that
ensure working in safe clinical environment.
 It protects internal as well as external
customers.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Policies, Procedures and Clinical Practice
Guidelines
 How to make PPG’s, CP’s & CPG’s
 How to format PPGs

TERMINOLOGY:
PPG’s: Policy and Procedures.
 CPG’s: Clinical Practice Guidelines.
 CP’s: Clinical Pathways.

POL·I·CY = [POL-UH-SEE], \ˈPÄ-LƏ-SĒ\
It comes from the Greek
word "Polis" meaning
"city",
or
"body
of
citizens".
 Or
"politicians"
who
dictate policy, which is
enforced by "police".
 In Old French it is derived
from Police.

PRO·CE·DURE (PRO-SE.JER), (PRƏˈSIːDƷƏ)
course of action
 established method
 established mode

CPG’S : CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES.

"systematically developed statements to assist
practitioners and patient decisions about
appropriate
health
care
for
specific
circumstances".
WHY DO WE NEED PPG’S, CP’S, &CPG’S?
To protect the staff
 To ensure patient safety
 To ensure competency
 To establish systems

WHAT IS POLICY?

Policy:
Is a plan of action to guide
decisions and actions.
POLICY DESCRIBES

A pre-written, established and accepted rule,
strategy, or plan
PRE-WRITTEN = Documented
 ESTABLISHED = Recognized, well-known,
Reputable
 ACCEPTED
= Acknowledged, Received

GOALS OF POLICY
To avoid some negative effects that have been
noticed in the organization
 To seek some positive benefits

WHAT IS A PROCEDURE?

Is a specification of:









The series of actions
Acts or operations
Methods or instructions
Guide
Practice
System
Formula
Route
Which have to be carried out in the same manner in
order to obtain always the same result under the same
circumstances.
OR

A sequence of
 activities
 Tasks
 Steps
 Decisions
 Calculations
 or

processes
That when taken in a laid down sequence
produces same desired out-come
SO:

Procedures: are the steps to be followed in
implementing certain policy.
GOALS OF PROCEDURE
To induce a change
 To help to achieve a policy

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
POLICIES:




Describe the rules that establish
what will or will not be done.
Can range from a broad
philosophy to specific rules.
Are usually expressed in
standard sentence and
paragraph format.
Include WHAT the rule is, WHY it
exists, WHEN it applies and
WHOME it covers.
PROCEDURES:




Describe the critical steps
undertaken to achieve policy
intent.
Are succinct, factual and to
the point.
Are usually expressed using
lists.
Include HOW to achieve the
necessary results.
IN SIMPLER WORDS

POLICIES
 Answer

the questions WHY? and WHAT?
PROCEDURES
 Answer
the questions HOW?
PROCEDURES ACTIVATE POLICIES

The procedure is linked to the policy
Policies tell employees the “What” and “Why”
 Procedures tell employees “How” to perform

HOW CAN I REACH POLICES AND PROCEDURES
IN AFHSR:
MCN
CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE

Is a document with the aim of guiding decisions
and criteria regarding diagnosis, management,
and treatment in specific areas of healthcare.

The modern guidelines are based on an
examination of current evidence within the
paradigm of evidence-based medicine.
must be

Guidelines must briefly identify, summarize and
evaluate the best evidence and most current
data about
 Prevention
 Diagnosis
 Prognosis
 Therapy
(including dosage of medications,
risk/benefit and cost-effectiveness).
GOAL OF GUIDELINES

To improve the quality of healthcare received by
the patients
HOW TO MAKE PPG’S & CPG’S
SEQUENCE
Finding the best evidence
 Critical appraisal of evidence
 Customize evidence according to the mission
and scope of service
 Customize evidence according to the objectives
and values

HIERARCHY OF EBM
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF EVIDENCE
POLICY DRAFTING







Make it as clear as possible.
Use plain language, be brief and to the point.
Must define the specific action steps and should be
logically sequenced.
Be certain it is in agreement with by-laws and laws.
Document should be free from grammar and language
errors.
Document should be complete and current.
Must be aligned with the healthcare setting’s Vision,
Mission, Goals and Objectives and Strategic Plan.
FORMATTING PPGS
COMPONENTS OF PPG
•
•
•
•
Hence PPG is a living
document it should contains
the same parts of the human
being
Head for identification
Body for the contents
Footer for the authorization
Confidentiality
Implementation
Control
CONCLUSION:
It is very important to create PPG’s & CPG’s.
 But it is more important to implement them.
 Failing to implement, is wasting time, money,
effort and resources.

THANK YOU
Have a successful
residency & clinical life
SUGGESTED REFERENCES:





Jt Comm J Qual Improv. 1996 Apr;22(4):243-58. Improving health care, Part 1: The clinical value compass., Nelson EC, Mohr
JJ, Batalden PB, Plume SK. Source: Lahey Hitchcock Clinic, Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA.
http://www.health.state.mn.us/healthreform/baskets/measurement090609_compass.pdf.
http://www.clinicalmicrosystem.org/assets/materials/worksheets/value_compass.pdf.
http://www.vtoxford.org/quality/ebook/NICQ_2007_Chapter_8.pdf
http://ipal.capc.org/downloads/pediatric-palliative-care-scorecard-1-akron.pdf
https://perswww.kuleuven.be/~u0010801/downloads/leuvencpwcompassvanhaechtsermeus2003.pdf