lAN'S
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DENTAR Y
lEi
W üANGUAGES
ALLM ANS'j-
,^'¿
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English C^lassice for €lcmcutiti|} School©.
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I.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Gray's Elegy and the Ode on the Pleasure arising from Vicissitude.
Longfellow's Evangeline.
;
Campbell's Gertrude of Wyoming,
Scott's Battle of Flodden Field.
Bloomfield's Farmer's Boy.
Longfellow's Rural Life in Sweden.
Milton's II Penseroso.
Byron's Prisoner of Chillón.
Goldsmith's Deserted Village.
Selections from the Poems of Mrs.
Hemans
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Selections from Wordsworth's Poems.
Goldsmith's Traveller.
Scott's Battle of Bannockburn.
Macaulay's Armada, and Ivry.
Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice.
Milton's Lycidas.
Scott's Field of V/aterloo.
Selections from Cowper's Poems.
Milton's L'All.egro.
Keats' Hyperion.
Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel,
Cantos I. and II.
Shakespeare's Death of Julius Caesar.
Shakespeare's Queen Katharine and
Wolsey.
Shakespeare's Midsuinmer Night's
Dream.
25.
26.
27.
29.
30.
Ghost Scene from
Shakespeare's
Hamlet.
Longfellow's King Robert of Sicily.
Shakespeare's King John.
Shakespeare's Battle of Agincourt.
Shakespeare's King Lear and his
Daughters.
Macaulay's Horatius.
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STREET.
DE LA VOTE'S
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The following are a few of the principal useful feature? of
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It is printed in LARGE TYPE.
If a stu(k-ni has to
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noun not only in a Literal but ia a Militari/, yaictical, and
Coiiiiiiercial point of view, whenever the word relates to the
AuMY, the Navy, or to Tuade in its various Itranches. If it be
a Vkhb which the learner seeks to understand, he will find
EVKKY pEiisoN, MoOD, uiid Tense beloiiKUig to ALL the rerbs
in the laii;/aa;ie inserted in al/ihahetical order.
There are upwards of 4100 French Verbs, multiply these verbs by 49 orthographical inoditications necessary for the conjugation of each,
the vast number of adJitioual words embodied in this work will
at once be obtained.
AnjhXTivES have often theii- /;Z(i/-a/ in
addition to Ümir feminine terminations, and so arranged as to
faciütate considerably their formation.
Besides the sever.il meanings, therefore, of all the Parts of
Speech in the French Language (including all the llKGUt.AK and
IitREGUi.AK Vekbs, etc., etc), such as they are found written
wliaterer their uccasinnal Orthography man f>e. the i)Ubhc and
the student may expect to find in the present work more gene-
The New Edition
information and more words by m.iuy thousands tlian in any
Dictionary oí the size ever pubhshed.
ral
LONDON
ALLMAN k
SON,
67,
NEW OXFORD
STREET.
y^
NEW, PRACTICAL, AND EASY METHOD
OF LEAHNING
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE,
AFTER THE SYSTEM
OF
AHN,
F.
DOCTOB OV rUILOSOrUT AND PE0FES30E AT THE COLLEOB
OF NEUSS.
FIRST COURSE.
F. r.
MOEITZ FOEESTEE,
FSOVSSSOR OV ikHOVJLQUa.
FOÜBTEENTH EDITION.
LONDOX
ALLMAN &
SON,
[Thi right
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Tianilatim
ii
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Attends Schools and
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his own Residence,
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The marked
success which has attended
Method
"elebrated
Italian, Latin,
and Greek Languages,
testimonials of
which may be seen
Dr. Aha'a
French, German,
in teaching the
(several
hundred
at the Publishers'),
has induced the Editor to adapt the Spanish Course to
the
that
use of
it
is
EngUsh
the
either dead or
students,
being fully convinced
only system by which any language,
modern,
may be
acquired with ease and
facility.
The introduction of
increased
commercial
Colonies of the
that a cheap
West
and
Spain,
and the
with the
Spanish
railroads into
intercourse
Indies, lead the
practical
Editor to think
work on the
Spanislj
Lan-
PEEFACK.
IV
guage
ia
much
required
;
and
should he
have suc-
ceeded in making the path easy for any single student
in that noble
and expressive language, his purpose
will
have been gained.
London Marcb
''668.
'
CONTENTS.
ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION.
The Alphabet
The Prouunciation of the
The Accent..
Marks of Punctuation
Letters
Conjugation of the Verb Tener,
/o
/í«w
Table of the Three Conjugations
..
Observations on the Three Conjugations
ól
..
..
Conjugation of the Auxiliary Verbs Ser and Estar,
¿o ¿e
..
56
62
..
..66
..
THE IRREGULAR VERBS.
Verbs belonging to the First Conjugation
..
Verbs belonging
to the
Second Conjugation
Verbs belonging
to the
Third Conjugation
Exercises
. .
Phrases
..
English Index
Spanish Index
..
. .
.
. .
.
.
,
..96
102
. .
.
.
83
i^O
..
.
.
78
.,
..
..
73
.
..74
. .
..
..
Grammatical Index
..
.
. .
.
..
. .
lU'
NEW METHOD
OP LEAEKING THE
SPANISH LANGUAGE,
ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION.
1.
THE ALPHABET.
The
Spanish Alphabet
twenty seven letters
is
composed of the following
:
A, B, C, Ch, D, E, F, G, H,
P, Q, R, S, T.
—
U, V, X, Y,
I, J,
L, LI,
M, Ñ, N, 0,
Z.
m
the
Rem. (1.) All these letters arc of the^feminine gender
are considered simple
Spanish language.
(2.) Ch, LI, and
letters.— (3.) A, E, I, O, U, Y, are vowels ; the remaining letters
are consonants.
(4.) The Spanish language has, properly speaking,
no diphthongs, but in all combinations of vowels each letter has
its proper sound.
—
N
—
2.
THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE LETTERS.
A
has but one sound in Spanish, and is pronounced
like the a in the English word father.
E has tAvo sounds 1 at the end of words, and when
2. when
followed by n or m, it has a close sound
preceded bv w or followed by r, it has an open sound.
:
.
:
METHOD or
ti
I is
LEAENIlíG
always pronounced like the English
when followed by another vowel,
it is
e in even
pronounced very
short,
pronounced like the English o in note.
generally sounded as the English oo in the word
boot : but it loses its sound when preceded hy g ox q
and followed by e or i, except when it is marked with a
diaeresis ( •• ) called crema, where it retains its proper
is
U
is
sound.
Y
lias
serves as vowel and as consonant
as a vowel it
the sound of the English e in me ; when followed by
;
another vowel, it serves as consonant, and
like the English y in year.
is
pronounced
B is pronounced almost as softly as the English v,
whenever it stands in the middle of a word between
two vowels otherwise it sounds as the English b.
when followed by a
C is sounded as the English
consonant or by one of the vowels, a, o, u. Before e
and i it is pronounced as the English th in thick.
Ch is always sounded as the Enghsh ch in church.
D is pronounced as the English d; when standing
between two vowels or at the end of a word, it is very
;
K
soft.
F
is sounded as the English /.
G, whea followed by one of the vowels a, o, w, or a
consonant, is pronounced as the English ff in t/i/t
when followed by 7i, as in the word digno, the g and
Before e and
the 71 are each prorwunced separately.
it is strongly
aspirated, and has a pecuhar guttura'
,-
i
sound.
H is not souaded.
J is alwav.s a r.onsoua':*
pound.
nnd
I/is
a strongly gutturiu
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
L
is
sounded as the English
9
/.
LI bas a peculiai* sound, resemblii)g the combined
sound of I and y.
N is sounded as an EngUsh n.
Ñ, ñ, sounds nearly like }i followed by y, aa pronounced in the English word vineyard.
P is pronounced as an English p.
Q is always followed by u, and sounded like an English k.
R is pronounced sharply when standing at the beginning of a word or in the middle of a compound
word its sound is less sharp when it is preceded by
another consonant.
S always has the sound of ss.
;
V is sounded as the Enghsh v.
X has, according to the present orthography, only
one sovmd, that of the Enghsh x.
In those words
where it formerly had the guttural sound of the Spanish
g or j,
Z
is
it is
now
replaced by those letters.
as the Enghsh th.
pronounced
THE ACCENT.
There
tlilled
o, u.
is but one accent in the Spanish language,
acento agudo, and placed over the vowels a, e, i,
It serves to lengthen the syllable and to lay the
upon it.
Monosyllables are not accentuated, except where two
words have the same form, but different meanings,
my.
e. g. mi, me; and mi,
Words of two and more
syllables have the accent generally on the last syllable
when ending in a consonant, and on the last but one
syllable when ending in a vowel, and then they are not
stress
marked with
the sign of the accent.
If,
however,
tV".
METHOD or LEAENING
be laid on any other syllable, the acento
placed over the latter.
stress is to
agudo
is
MARKS OF PUNCTUATION.
They are the same in Spanish as in English, and used
in the same manner, except that the mark of exclamation and that of interrogation are put twice, an inverted one at the beginning of the sentence, and another
one at the end of
I
it,
so
:
!
and
1
?
TUB SrANISH LANGUAGE.
PART
I.
1.
Hermano, brother.
Hermana, ñater.
Padre, father.
Madre, mother.
El(^
El padre,
El
lio,
La
tia,
la
'.),
madre.
laf/eí«.), the.
El hermano,
the uncle.
the aunt.
es
aplicado.
La
(m.),
Chico,
a,
hermana.
buena
small,
Aplicado,
Viejo,
(/.),
yaod
little.
beautiful.
a,
dilic/ent.
a,
a, old.
La madre
La hermana
El padre es bueno.
mano
Bueno
Hermoso,
El libro, the book.
La casa, the house.
Es, is.
es viejo.
la
casa es chica.
es buena.
El heres hermosa.
El tic
El libro es bueno. La tia
es buena.
Rem.
The
is
is old.
The aunt is beautiful. The sister is
The brother is good. The book is small. The
The uncle is good.
beautiful.
Del padre, of the father.
De la madre, of the mother.
El jardin, the garden.
El
El
in gender.
father
diligent.
house
—Adjectives agree with the noun
La
flor,
Blanco,
the flower.
white.
a,
Alto, a, high.
árbol, the tree.
Kico, a, rich.
caballo, the horse.
Virtuoso,
El hermano del padre es bueno.
a,
virtuous.
La hermana
dc
METHOD OF LEABNING
12
nindre es virtuosa.
El
La
flor
de
la
hermana
de la he-mana es rico.
Ei
El árbol del jardin es &Ao.
hermosa. La casa del hermano
tio
{•aballo del tio es bianco.
es
es chica.
The Lorsc of the uncle is good.
The flower of the
is white.
The sister of the brother is diligent. The
is ricli.
The aunt of the sister is
beautiful.
Tlie house of the father is high.
The brother
prarden
brother of the uncle
the father
ol'
E) hijo,
ífie
is
virtuous.
Perdido,
son.
La
!us(.
hija, (he daughter.
El discípulo, the pupil.
VA maestro, the professor.
Recil)ido, received.
Ha, has.
Nuevo, a, new.
Negro, a, hLick.
Y, and.
('nmprado, houyht.
Neiidido, sold.
Leido, read.
Uii, una, a.
—
Rem. Past participles remain unchanged
verb haber, to have.
El dlscipulo ha leido
mano ha
una
flor.
el libro
recibido un caballo y la
El
tio
when used with
del maestro.
the
El her-
hermana ha recibido
El padre ha
ha comprado un jardin.
vendido una casa. La casa del tio es nueva.
El caballo
padre es negro.
El hijo del tio ha recibido un libro
la
hija
del
El
maestro
maestro
recibido
una
flor.
ha
y
ha comprado un libro.
del
The book of the pupil is good. The house of the father
new. The fatlier has bought the horse of the uncle.
The mother has read the book of the aunt. The uncle has
The son has lost a book. The aunt has
sold a horse.
bought a house. The daughter of the mcílher is vixtuoua.
The sister of the pupil is diligent.
is
TIIí:
SPANISH LANGUAGE.
Al padre, io the father.
A la madre, to the mother.
Bonito,
La
Enviado, sent.
13
a, pretty,
Dado, given.
carta, the letter.
El regalo, the present.
El duro, the dollar.
El amigo, the friend.
La amiga, the female friend.
Escrito, written.
Prometido, promised.
También,
also.
El amigo ha enviado un regalo á la amiga.
El padre
ha escrito una carta al tio y el amigo también ha escrito
una carta al tio. La tia ha dado un duro al hijo.
El
maestro ha prometido un libro al discípulo.
La madre
ha dado una flor á la hija.
La hermana del tio es
bonita.
El hijo ha leído el libro del padre.
La hija
ha perdido la carta de la madre.
9.
The
book of the professor.
uncle has given a horse to the father. The mother has
promised a present to the daughter. The aunt has sent
The pupil has
lost the
a dollar to the uncle.
The friend (»?.) has written a
letter to the friend
The brother of the friend
(/.).
()».) is virtuous.
The book of the son is new. The
In-other has given a book to the sister.
10.
de, of;
Hallado, /üunrf.
(,'onocido,
known.
El perro, the dug.
El sombrero, the hat
La pluma, the pen.
—
blijcct is
El higo, thejiij.
Mi, mij.
Tu,
Su,
tliy.
his,
her
used with nouns mase, and fem. ('¿.,
serves likewise as mark of the accusative if the
a person ; instead of a el is said at, as instead of de el,
Hem. (L) mi,
The preposition á
¿el.
á, to.
La pera, /Ac j^ear.
La manzana, the apple.
Vislo, ieen.
tu, su, are
li
METHOD OF LEAENIKG
14
El padre ha visto el perro de mi amigo. La tia ha
dado una pera á su hijo. El maestro ha prometido un
Mi amigo ha hallado el sombrero
de su amiga.
El amigo de tu hermano ha visto á mi
tio.
Mi padre ha conocido á tu maestro. El hijo ha
recibido una manzana y un higo.
El tio de la hija ha
dado una pluma al hermano. El perro de mi tia es
libro ú su discípulo.
viejo.
11.
Thy
My
has given a flower to her friend (/.).
uncle
brother has given a dog to his friend (hi.).
has written a letter to thy aunt. Tlie pupil has found his
The father has seen his daughter. My mother
frofessor.
as known thy aunt.
Tlie mother has given an apple, a
pear, and a fig to her daughter.
The son has sent a
present to his sister.
The friend (/.) is pretty and
sister
My
virtuous.
IL.
Elvecino,lavecina,/Ae>¡í<(///íou/\
El jardinero, the gardener.
El primo, la prima, fhe cousm.
El criado, la criada, Ihe servant.
Nuestro, a, our.
Vuestro, a, your.
Español,
Fiances,
a,
a,
Spanish.
French.
Ingles, a, English.
Alemán,
a,
German.
Tornado, taken.
Comido,
eaten.
Su, their.
La criada de tu tia
El vecino de mi amigo es ingles.
La
El maestro de su hijo es alemán.
\miga de mi hermana es española. El primo ha enviado
íí
duro
una carta á la prima. Vuestra tia ha dado un
un vecino. Nuestro hermano ha tomado la pluma de
El hijo ha comido una pera y un higo también.
su tio.
es francesa.
Mi hermana ha hallado k su amiga. Mi padre ha visto
El caballo es negro y viejo.
k vueKiro criado.
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
15
13.
My neighbour
Frencli {lady). The friend of
The professor of his son is (a)
(/.) is beautiful and
diligent.
Thy friend is (aw) Enojlish {lady). Your father
has given a dollar to your servant.
The cousin (»«.) of
our friend has eaten an apple. Our uncle has seen your
cousin {m.) and your sister. The gardener has sold a
flower to my sister.
my
brother
Spaniard.
(/.) is (a)
is (a)
The
German.
sister of
our cousin
M.
La
Los padres, the fathers.
Las madres, the molliers.
El gato, the cat.
El niño, the child.
El hombre, the man.
La muger, the woman.
La ventana, the window.
La
— (L)
The
a,
ripe.
a,
yellow.
Holandés, a, Dutch.
Siempre, always.
No, not.
Han, {they) have.
Son, {they) are.
puerta, the door.
Rem.
rosa, the rose.
Maduro,
Amarillo,
formed by adding an s to all those
words that end in an unaccentuated vowel, and by adding the
syllable es to those that end in an accentuated vowel, in a conplural
is
—
sonant or in y.
(2.) unos, unas, the plural of un, una, is used
in the sense of a few; the word some is generally not translated in
Spanish.
Los padres son buenos, las madres son buenas. Mis
vecinos han perdido á sus niños.
Los discípulos no son
siempre aplicados.
Los jardineros han vendido sus
flores.
Mi hermana ha visto á unas amigas. Vuestros
pi'imos han comido los higos de sus hermanos.
Los
árboles son altos.
Las ventanas son amarillas. Los
gatos y los perros de mis tios son negros.
Los holandeses son ricos.
Los hombres son virtuosos y ías
mugeres son hermosas.
15.
My
sisters
Frenchmen, and the friends (/.) of my
are EngUsh.
Your neighbours (f.) have seen
B 2
friends are
lb
METHOD or
lEAllIilXa
the children of our aunt. Our sisters have given a few
apples to the sons of our uncle. Our professor has bought
Home books. The gardeners have lost their cats and dogs.
Your cousins (m.) are not always virtuous. The Dutch
have given a few dollars to the French. The doors are
small, and the windows are also small.
The roses are
flowers.
The men have found the women.
16.
TABLE, SHOWINO THE DECLENSION" OF THE ARTICLE,
THE bPAKISH LANGUAGE.
17
—
change the former into g and the latter info c. (2.) Words oí
more than one syllable, and ending in s and z, remain unaltered in
the plural, if their last syllable is unaccentuated.
A few
(3.)
words ending in e and á add in the plural only an s, against the
—
general rule, e.g. los sofas, the sofas,
pies, the feet.
los
El agua es fría. Nuevos reyes, nuevas lej^es.
Los
Mis vecinos son felices. El tio de tu
amigo ba visto á muchos franceses en la ciudad. Las
reinas no son siempre hermosas.
Nuestros vecinos han
comprado unos reloges y unos sofás en la ciudad. El
padre ha comprado un libro para sus niños.
Los
jardineros han vendido muchas flores.
Pedro ha
hallado á Juan en el jardin.
perdido
Juan ha
una
pluma de Pedro.
jueces son justos.
18.
The king
given a few Jaws for tlie judges. The kings
are not always happy.
The neighbour of our friends has
lost his children in the town.
His uncle has bought many
watches. The horses of the English ai-e good. The gardener has given many flowers to thy sisters. The judges
of our king arc just.
John has seen Peter in the town.
lias
19.
Yo
tengo,
tú tienes,
él, ella,
tiene,
nosotros tenemos,
vosotros tenéis,
ellos, eUas tienen,
/ have,
thou hast,
he has, she hai,
we
have,
have,
ijoii
theij
have.
—
Rem. (1.) The verb I have, &c. when it means I am in po3session of, is rendered in Spanish by yo tengo, &c.
(2.) The personal pronouns yo, tú, &c. may be missed in Spanish.
—
El abuelo, the grandfather.
La abuela, the grandmother.
El cuarto, the room.
La mesa, the table.
La cuchara,
Yo
tengo
the spoon.
un
reloj
El oro, U.e gold.
La
plata, the silver
Feo,
a, iiglg.
Rotundo, a, round.
Hay, there is, there are.
de oro y una cuchara de plata.
£ 3
V¿
METHOD OF XEAENING
18
madre tiene una hermosa mesa. Hay una mesa rotunda
en el cuarto de mi tia. ¿Tienes también una mesa ? Las
ventanas amarillas del cuarto de vuestro abuelo sen
chicas.
Hay muchos maestros franceses en la ciudad.
Nuestros hermanos han vendido unos feos perros.
Tenéis una buena pluma y vuestros amigos tienen un
hermoso caballo blanco. Tus primos son ricos ; tieneti
muchos duros. ¿ Vuestro padre tiene un jardin y una
casa ? Tenemos buenos padres y buenas madres.
—An
may either precede or follow the substanbelongs, but adjectives denoting colour, shape,
and those derived from the names of nations,
countries, and cities, are generally placed after their substantives.
Rem.
tive
adjective
to which
it
dignity, or character,
20.
My
Thou
brother
hast a good aunt and virtuous sisters.
has a black dog. Your cousins have a white horse and a
yellovr house.
German professor has bought many
English books in the town. The laws of the new king arc
good.
friend has a silver watch, and my aunts have
golden spoons. She has a few ripe apples, and he has a
tree in his garden.
Their grandmother has a round tabic
in a yellow room.
Hast thou a good pen P There ar.^
many Spaniards in the town.
My
My
21.
asi
— conio0-.
tan
— comt10—,
Menos, less.
Mas, more.
Muy,
very.
Hem.
—Adjectives
same form
n, r, *, t,
either
form
for both genders.
e, {,
a.
a,
/lard
Caro, a, dear.
t til, useful.
El nuestro, la nuestra, ours.
El vuestro, )a vuestra, yours.
Cortes, polite.
Descortés, uncivil.
mas, rmwh more.
Que, thari.
El hierro, iron.
El plomo, lead.
(,
/
Duro,
Muy
ilic
1
their feminine in a, or they havf
The
latter are
mostly ending
in
TlIK 3PAIÍI8H LANGTJAGE.
IJ»
Mi amigo ha perdido una pluma muy buena. Tu
hermana es asi hermosa como virtuosa. Nuestro caballo
El hierro es mas duro
es tan bueno como el vuestro.
El oro es muy mas caro que la plata.
menos rico que tu tio. Vuestra hermana
La amiga de tu tia es
es asi cortés como la nuestra.
feliz. ¿ Son i'itiles vuestros libros ? Son mas útiles que los
vuestros.
Tienes un caballo muy hermoso.
que
Mi
el
plomo.
vecino es
22.
more useful than silver. Gold is dearer than
lead.
Your gold watcli is more beautiful than ours. Hia
cousin is very uncivU. The daughter of your aunt is as
polite as our sister.
You have a very useful book, and
he has a pretty dog. Have we a golden spoon and a silver
watch P The French are less rich than the Dutcli. Thy
Iron
is
grandfather
as
is
happy as yours.
as your cousins.
Our grandmotlier is as
old as ours.
The sons of our neighbour are as diligent
Peter is more polite than John.
2.3.
Yo
/
he,
tú has,
él,
ella ha,
nosotros hemos,
vosotros habéis,
ellos, ellas han,
Rem.
—When the verb
accompanied by a past
he, &c.
El año, the
/
have, &c.
participle,
i/car.
El mes, ífie month.
El dia, the daij.
La semana, the week,
it is
hace,
thou hast,
he, she has,
tve have,
you have,
t/iei/
have.
an auxiliary veil), and
rendered in Spanish by yo
is
Diciembre, December,
El Sábado, Saturday.
El Domingo, iSunday
Francia, France.
La
historia, the Ithtory.
El consejo, the advice.
I'iel,
Enero, January,
Tasado,
faithful-
I'also, &, false.
a,
past.
METHOD OF LEAENINO
20
Ninguno, a, none.
Uno, a, a, one.
0, or.
Fué,
tvas.
Malo, a, bad.
Alguno, a, any, plural, some.
Primero,
Tercero,
Pobticro,
a,
a,
the first.
a,
the third.
the last.
—
Rem. The adjectives malo, &c. lose the final o before masculines.
Instead of grande (great) is said gran before words beghining with
it refers to bodily greatness.
i consonant, unless
Enero es el primer mes del año y Sábado es el
postrer dia de la semana.
Luis Felipe fué el postrer
rey de Francia.
He leido el tercer libro de la historia
de Francia. ¿ Has visto mi jardín ? Tú has conocido
á mi madre y el ha conocido á mi padre.
No he hallado
ningún hombre en el jardin. ¿ Habéis recibido un gran
1 Hemos comido algunas peras y algunas manzanas también.
Ellos han dado un mal consejo á sus
amigos. ¿ Has enviado la carta á tu tio ó á tu tia 1
Hemos visto algunos caballos muy hermosos en la ciudad.
Nuestros gatos son muy mas falsos que los vuestros.
Mi amigo ha perdido un perro asi bonito como fiel.
Algún hombre ha comprado la casa de mi padre. ¿ Has
visto á mi primo y á mi prima ? Él ha enviado un gran
regalo á mi hermana y ella ha escrito una carta á mi
regalo
madre.
2A.
Have you
My
written a letter to your cousins ?
sisters
have found some white flowers in the (tarden. They (f.)
have boug;ht some silver spoons and tliey {m.) have sold
some sold watches. He has lost a new hat, and she has
found a dollar. Sunday is the first day of the week, and
December is the hist month of the year. Tuesday (Martes)
IMy brother has given a bad
is the third day of the week.
advice to his cousin.
Have you seen my father or my
mother? The dogs are more faithful than the cats. The
cats are very false.
There is a great house and a great
Have you known the uncle of my
tree in our garden.
friend? No, (no,) but {mas) I have known his aunt.
TUB SPANlsn LA^G^AO^.
El caballero, the gentleman
El monte, the mountain.
Pequeño,
La
Férú\,ferl¡le.
a, littl».
Sáljio, a, uiie.
calle, thi street.
El campo, the field.
El dinero, money.
El heroe, the hero.
La lengua,
21
Tácil, easij.
Difícil, difficult.
Fuerte, Ijrave.
Áspero, rough.
Célebre, renowned.
Magnífico, magnificent.
the langunr/e
y\ general, the general.
El palacio, the palace.
Elegante, elegant.
Benéfico, beneficent.
Amable, amiable.
Ese,
Este, a, pi. estos, as, this^ these.
Rem.
a, pi. esos, as, that, those.
—The absolute
superlative ue;-y fi?ie, most fine, &c., may
be expressed in Spanish either by means of the adverbs, mity and
harto, placed before the adjectives, or by means of certain final
syllables.— (1.) Adjectives ending in a vowel mostly change this
vowel into isimo {alto, altísimo).
(2.) Those adjectives that have
an t before the final o, drop the i; except frio, cold, and pio,
¡lious ! these two retain the radical i.
(3.) If an adjective is
ending in a consonant, the syllables isimo are joined immediately
to that consonant.
(4.) Adjectives ending in hie, change tliis
—
—
—
(ó.) Those ending in z, go, orco, change the
the g into gu, and the c into qu, and take the ending isimo.
(6.) Adjectives ending in il, mostly take the ending imo.
(7.) And
those ending in ^co, change these syllables into ficenltsimo.
(8.)
syllable into bili'simo.
z into
c,
Mostadjectives ending in re and ro, change this syllable into érrimo.
(9.) Lastly,
some
adjectives change their radical vowel in forming
the superlative.
Hercules fué un
La lengua Española es facíllnia.
Job fué uu hombre riquísimo {rico).
héroe fortísimo.
Ella ha dado un bonísimo {bueno) consejo á su amiga
El rey tiene
Este caballero es un general celebérrimo.
un palacio magnificentísimo. Mis vecinos han comMis amigos tienen un
prado una casa muy pequeña.
Hay muchas ciudades hermoperro fidelísimo {fiel).
Esta agua es friísima. Tu prima
sísimas en Francia.
He recibido muchísimo dinero. Los
es amabilísima.
Los holandeses son riquísimos
Alpes sou altísimos.
Mi
vecino es
hombre
felicísimo.
Hemos
visf^
unos
METHOD OF LEAEKING
'i2
campos muy
fc'rtiles.
Tienes á una hermana hermosísima y cortesísima.
Este caballero es muy elegante.
Mi madre ha comprado
Esos montes son aspérrimos.
un jardin hermosísimo. Socrates fué muy sabio.
26.
room a very
great table and a most
Paris is a most beautiful town. France
beautiful sofa.
have very mauy
a most fertile country {el pais).
The king is very beneficent and the
trees in our garden.
servant
is
very
faithful.
These
pious.
queen is very
Englishmen are very rich. Those Frenchmen are very
There
is
in the
We
is
My
The German language is very difficult. The
houses in that street are very high. Napoleon was a very
renowned general. The windows of that palace are very
small.
He has given very bad advice to my brother.
The books of your father are very good. The cats aro
very false. The king has sent a most magnificent present
Your aunt is very beneficent.
to the queen.
polite.
27.
Yo hube, I
Tú hubiste,
had.
tko2i
hadst.
Él, ella hubo, he, she had.
Nosotros hubimos, ive had.
Vosotros hubisteis, you had.
Ellos, ellas, hubieron, they had.
El cucliillo, the knife.
El tenedor, the fork.
La
acción, the action, deed.
El principe, the prince.
El mundo, the world.
El plan, the jdan.
Desgraciado, a, unfortunate.
Todo, a, all.
Eem.
—The
Ingrato,
a,
ungrateful.
El leon, the lion.
El animal, the animal.
Noble, noble.
Hecho, made, done.
Hernando, Ferdinand.
Enrique, Henry.
Carlos, Charles.
relative superlative, the
most fine, the finest, &c.,
is
cxjnessed in Spanish either by placing the definite article before
TUE SPANISK LANGUAÜi:.
23
the absolute supsrlative ending in imo (cfr. n. 25), or by placing
the definite article before tlie comparative {el ma%
The least
).
is rendered in Spanish by el, la, or lo menos.
—
Hernando
es el
hermosísimo de estos hermanos.
Na-
el grandísimo principe del mundo. Mi primo
mas desgraciado de todos los hombres. Esamuger
hubo hecho la mas ingrata acción. Los ingleses son
los riquísimos hombres del mundo.
El león es el mas
noble de todos los animales.
Enrique hubo perdido
Hubimos comprado algunos
el libro de su maestro.
^.oleon fué
es el
y vosotros hubisteis vendido uno?
el menos corte's de la
Las mugeres mas pías no son siempre las mas
cuchillos bonísimos
tenedores.
ciudad.
virtuosas.
Este caballero es
La
casa de
mi
tia es la
mas
alta
de la calle
y la mas hermosa en toda la ciudad. Carlos es el menos
bueno de estos discípulos. Hernando y Enrique hubie'ron perdido sus libros y su hermana hubo hallado
un cuchillo. Socrates fué el mas sabio de todos los
hombres. Ella es la mas hermosa muger.
28.
I have seen the most beautiful horses in the town. Thy
uncle is the most beneficent of all men, and my aunt is the
most happy of all women. Your brother is the most dilineighbour
gent of all the pupils of our professor.
My
had bought some most beautiful
silver
forks.
Had you
seen the flowers in my garden ? Yes {si), and we had also
seen the trees. "The horse is the most useful of animals.
had read your letter and you had read our book.
Thou hadst done a very good action. That plan is the
worst of all plans. Wellington was the most renowned
These Dutchmen are the richest men in
of all generals.
the town. She had received a present. The gardener had
sold these flowers to my sister.
Henry is the wisest of
thepe brothers.
We
24
MlíTUOD OF LEAUÍÍINO
29.
Yo
habia,
I had.
tú habías, thou hadst.
ella habia, he, she had.
nosotros habíamos, ive had.
vosotros habíais, ijou had.
él,
ellos, ellas
La
hablan, theij had.
señora, ihe lady.
El talento, the talent.
El oficio, ihe profession.
El pintor, the painter.
La clase, the class.
La fruta, the fruit.
La España, Spain.
Ullinio,
El
EI estudiante, the student.
Otro,
baile, the ball.
El duque, the duke.
La duquesa, the duchess.
La diferencia, the difference.
a,
other.
a, last.
Vencido, beaten, vantjuished.
Q"fi, who, whom, tvhich, xvhat.
Aunque, allhowjh.
La
idea, the idea.
El enemigo, the enemy.
Eem.
— The following adjectives
;
bueno, good, malo, bad, grande,
(/real, and pequeño, little, form their comparatives and superlatives
either in accordance to the general rules {cfr. n. 21, 25, 27), or in
this
manner:
bueno, mejor, óptimo ;
malo, peor, pésimo ;
grande, mayor, máximo
pequeño, minor, mínimo.
these may be added the comparatives and superlatives
superior, superior, higher,
supremo, sumo, highest.
;
To
inferior, inferior, lower,
:
ínfimo, lowest, least.
Mi hermana mayor es muy aplicada. Habia recibía o
una carta de mi hermano menor. Esta señora, aunque
superior en talento á las otras, es la última discipula de
la clase mas ínfima.
Habíamos comido algunos higos.
La España tiene los mejores frutas de todos los países.
Este consejo es el óptimo de todos los consejos que haEse hombre ha hecho una pe'sima acción
bían dado.
Juan es el óptimo
¿ Que diferencia es de Juan á Pedro 1
Que
discípulo de mi maestro y Pedro es el pésimo.
oficio tienen tus hermanos.
El uno es pintor y el otro
SPANISH LANGUAGE.
liiü
El criado
es estudiante.
25
perdido la carta que habia
lia
Hemos comido las frutas que habíamos comrecibido.
El
¿ Has hallado el libro que hablas perdido ?
iué el general que habia vencido á los enemigos de su
prado.
Ese rey fué
pais.
el
mejor rey que
la
España habia
visto.
30.
My elder sister has found my
younger sister in the garThese pears are better than those which I had seen
The
sent
duke has
a most magnificent prein the town.
sent to the duchess. In this street are the best houses of
the town. My cousin (/! ) has found the book which she
had lost. What have you seen ? We have seen the horse
which my uncle had bought. I have read the letter wliich
thou hadst written to my brother. The king has made a
present to the general who had beaten tlie enemies. Henry
Although inferior in
is the last pupil in the highest class.
talent, he is the most diligent pupil.
This ungrateful son
has done a very bad action. His ideas are the worst of
den.
the world.
31.
Rem.
— Certain
syllables,
when added
ives, serve to increase or to lessen their
,;e tlie
azo, a; onazo, a
The diminutive
illo,
n
;
substantives or adjec-
to
meaning.— The following
augmentative syllables
a
ejo, a
;
cilio,
;
ete
achon, a
;
;
asco, a;
syllables are these
a
;
ico, a
;
ito,
a
;
on,
ona
;
ote.
;
cico, a
;
uelo,
a
;
zuelo,
are especially used as terms of endearment
of contempt.
La hermanita, llie little sister.
La mesita, the little table.
La carita, the little face.
:.a
boquita, the
a
,
ino, a.
;
The diminutives
little
La manecila, the
little
mouth.
hand.
El angelito, the little angel.
El hombrecillo, the little matu
El ladroncillo, the little thief.
LI capote, the cloak.
El jardinito, the little garden.
C
or
METHOD OF LEAHNING
26
La florecita, the little flower.
Rodeado, a, surrounded.
Adornado, a, adorned.
Sentado, a, sealed.
En, at.
Con, lüith.
Detras de, behind.
Redondito, a, round.
Parece, he, she looks like.
Rubio, a, red.
Hoy, to-day.
Chiquito, a, smaU, Utile.
El hombrezuelo, the little man.
El arbolito, the little tree.
EI regalito, the little present.
La
caaita, thelittle
houw.
Sólito, a, alone.
Hoy he
visto
k tu hermanita toda
sólita,
sentada en
una mesita con su carita redondita, su boquita rubia,
y sus manecitas tan chiquitas parece un angelito. Ese
hombrecillo con su capote negro parece un ladroncillo.
Detras de la casita de ese hombrezuelo hay un jardinito
rodeado de unos arbolitos verdes y adornado de algunas
Mi hermanita ha recibido un regalito.
florecitas.
;
32.
The
The
little girl,
little
la
room,
muchachita.
el cuartito.
T/ie little creature, el animalito.
T/ic
Occupied, ocupado, a.
little
{dear) mother,
painter, el pintorcillo.
lad, el mozalbillo.
little author, el autorcillo
The little
The arm,
The little
little lane,
The
little
Yesterday, ayer.
Full, lleno, a.
little
la callejuela.
dog, el perrito.
la ni£
drecita.
The
The
The
The
basket, el canastillo.
el
brazo.
brother, el hermanito.
Yesterday I found these little girls occupied in their
little room.
That lad is a little author whom I liave seen
in a little house of one of those little lanes.
Hast thou
seen my little dog ?
Is it not a pretty little creature?
My
What
is that little man ?
little
He is a little painter.
brother has found thy little sister in tlie little garden with
little
basket
in
a
her arm, full of little flowers. Have you
found your
little
mother?
33.
EI estruendo,
El caa-jnazo, the eaMnon
El
Disparate, nomnise.
the noise.
pistoletazo, f^í pistol-shut.
ihof.
27
rUE SPANISH LANGTJAQl,
El escopetazo, the gun
Ni
El
El
El
El
El
ni, neither.
.
sJwt.
.
musket
fusilazo, the
hombrachon,
.
nor.
shot.
the big
man.
señorón, the great gentleman.
ricachón, the very rich man.
muchachon,
the big
low.
El picaron, the great
La mocctona, the strong girl.
La mucliachona, the big girl.
Oido, heard.
Sido, been.
Si, yes.
Disparado, discharged.
young fel- Matado, killed,
Aqui, here.
thief.
La
perdiz, the partridge.
Aquel, aquella,
this.
— The
Spaniards have two ways of addressing a person :
relations and intimate friends are usually addressed by <?<, if it is
one person, and by vosotros, if several persons are addressed in all
other cases they use the word Usted (generally abbreviated Vmd.
or Vm.) in addressing one person, and Ustedes (abbr, Vms. or
Vmds,) in addressing several persons. The English word your is
Respecting the verb, the word
then expressed by su, pi, sus.
Usted is followed by the third person singular, and Ustedes by the
third person plural. If the verb is accompanied by an adjective, the
number and gender of the latter must agree with the number and
the sex of the person or persons addressed,
Rem.
;
Ha
Vm. ese estruendo 1 Sí, ha sido un pistoNo, es un cañonazo.
Que disparate es un
No, es ni uno ni otro, es un fusilazo, que
ha disparado ese hombrachon y que ha matado una perdiz. Ese señorón, que Vmd. ha visto ayer en la ciudad,
¿
oido
letazo.
!
¡
escopetazo.
un ricachón. Este muchachon parece un picaron.
Que muchachona es aquella 1 Esa mocetona que he
es
¿
visto aqui, ¿ es su criada de
Tlie thrust
The stab
with a lance, el lanzazo.
a poniard, la puna-
tvith
lada.
The cut tvith a sword, el sablazo,
The blotv with a stick, el bastonazo.
Vmd
?
The big man, el hombronazo
The big head, ú CSíhezou,
The pumpkin, la calabaza,
The fight, el combate,
The big dog, el perrazo.
Between, entre.
Have you heard
that pistol shot ? I have received a
thrust with a lance, ray brother has received a stab with a
METHOD OF LEARNING
28
poniard, ray cousin a cut with a sworJ, and our friend
a blow with a stick. What big man is tliis P He is a
great gentleman. Yesterday I saw a fight between some
Have you seen that big man with a big head
big dogs.
that looks like a pumpkin P This big young fellow is your
servant ?
35.
aoy, I am.
..
tú eres, thou art.
he, she is.
nos. somos, tve are.
él, ella es,
vos. sois,
you are.
ellos, ellas son,
— — — —
—
—
—
—
the
Tan
ns
as
,cuan
Cuanto (or mientras) mas- -tanto
the more,
the more.
mas,
Cuanto menos,
tanto menos,
,
less,
the
,
they are.
Joven,
La
less.
ífouth.
Ocioso, a, idle,
Instructivo, a, instrucUve,
Pernicioso, injurious.
sod, the thirst.
Bebo, {he) drinks.
"Pródigo, a, prodiffal.
a, avaricious.
Avaro,
Vano,
El deseo,
Vrwáawic, prtidcnt.
Ingenio, genius.
La
the wish,
dicha, the happiness.
a, vain.
Contento, contented,
Cuauto mas aplicado es aquel joven, tanto mas ocioso
es su hermano. Cuanto me'nos deseos, tanto mas dicha.
Cuanto mas instructivos son los buenos libros tanto mas
perniciosos son los malos.
tio,
tanto
mas avara
y hombre que
es tu
Vm. Mas
Mientras mas pródigo es tu
es mas caballero
menos ingenio. Cuanto
hermana. El
dinero,
mas contentos sois. Tu herMi prima es mar
joven {young) y amable que mi primo, pero es menos
sabia y prudente.
Tu eres menos rico que tu tio, pero
eres mas benéfico.
Cuanto mas aplicados sómo.'i nosotros tanto mas ociosos sois vosotros.
menos deseos
mana
es
tenéis, tanto
tan hermosa cuan vana.
TUB SPANISH LANGUAGE,
29
36.
Beautiful, LoUo,
a.
As, como.
As much, as, tanto, comoentendimiento.
Ignorant, ignorante.
The ship, el navio.
Strong, tuerte.
Commerce, el comercio,
Intcllect,
War, la guerra.
Bcstiucthx, destructivo, a.
The power, el poder,
{The) riches, las riquezas.
The
sciences, las ciencias.
Precious, precioso, a.
At
least,
á
lo
menos,
líappii, dichoso, a.
The sciences are more precious than riches. {The) commerce is not less useful than {the) war is destructive. The
duke has as much money as power. Your sister is (asi
Thou art as vain as ignorant.
beautiful as a flower.
Charles has as much intellect as his brother. Their ships
The more
are stronger, or at least as strong as ours.
wishes we have, the less happy we are. The more contented you are, the more happy you are. The more ignoThe more he
rant thou art, the less diligent thou art.
Our friend has as much
drinks, the greater is his thirst.
faithful
the
dogs
are, the
The
more
genius as money.
better they are. The more money you have, the more
avaricious and the less beneficent you are.
—
37.
THE cahdinal numerals.
1
uno,
a.
2. dos.
13. trece.
14. catorce.
3. tres.
15. quince,
4. cuatro,
16. diez
5. einco.
1
6. seis.
7.
diez
18, diez
y seis.
y siete,
y ocho,
y nueve.
7. siete.
19, diez
8. ocho.
20, veinte,
9.
nueve.
2
1
veinte
y uno,
a.
10. diez,
22, veinte y dos, &c.
11. once,
30. treinta,
12. doce.
40. cuarenta.
c 3
30
METHOD or LEARNING
50
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
The public icalk, tl pasco,
The square, la plaza.
The bridge, el puente.
The markcl-jjlace, el mercado.
The prison, la prisión.
The theatre, el teatro.
The church, la iglesia.
The synayogm, la sinagoga.
31
38.
The cemcterg, el cimenterio.
The hospital, el hospital.
Several, diversos, as.
The
library, la bibliotec»
Departed, partido.
Slept, dormido.
Died (part.), muerto.
Till, until, hasta.
My
brother has bought six pens and two books. In.
Paris there are 26,860 houses, 1119 streets, 32 pubHc walke,
87 squares, 56 gates {puertas), 23 bridges, 29 marketplaces, 11 prisons, 12 palaces, 18 theatres, 38 churches,
4 synagogues, 25 hospitals, 68 cemeteries, and several
libraries.
I have received a letter this morning at ten
o'clock.
The mother of my friend {has) died on the 15th
of July, at five o'clock in the afternoon.
father {has) departed on the 18th of January. What o'clock is it ? It has
It is going to strike a quarter
just struck eleven o'clock.
to four.
It has struck one.
It is half-past six.
Yesterday I {have) slept from a quarter past seven o'clock till
midnight.
The twenty-ninth of November in the year
1857. I have bought a horse for (por) a hundred dollars
My
39.
THE ORDINAL NUIMKRALS.
1st.
METirOD OF LEAENINa
32
80tli.
octogésimo,
DOtli.
nonagésimo,
100th.
200th.
300th.
400th.
centesimo,
a.
a.
a.
ducentésimo,
a.
trecentésimo,
a.
cuadringentésimo, a.
A mano
ríombrado, calkd.
Santo,
Murió,
500th. quingentésimo, a,
600th. sescentésimo, a,
700th. septingentésimo, a.
800th. octogentésimo, a.
900th. nonagentésimo, a.
1000th. milésimo, a.
1000,000th. niilloiié8Ímo,a.
(/ie)
izquierda,
died.
1,0.
y^ga., the
the
left
plain:
Asesinado, assassinated.
Por, by, throuyh.
Decapitado, beheaded.
La
Londres, London,
Martes, Tuesday.
RoniUanic, send back
Lu
Olvidado, forgotten.
Prestado, lent.
legua, the mile.
Largo,
Ancho,
lony.
a, bi'oad.
to
me.
LI caño, the cane.
parte, the part.
capitán, the captuiiL rjcncral.
El
El hecho, the
oit
hand.
a, holy,
fact.
Indicado, noted.
El lugar,
the place.
La liicha,
the battle.
Contra, against.
—
Rem. The adverbs first, secondly, &c., may be expressed in
Spanish either by the ordinals jmmo, segundo, &c., used as adverbs,
or by changing their final o into amenté, primeramente ; or, lastly,
by such phrases as en segundo lugar, in the second place, &c.
Faramundo fué el
EI primer hombre fué Adán.
Luis nono fué nombrado el
primer rey de Francia.
Remítame Vmd. primo los dos libros que he
santo.
olvidado en su casa, en segundo lugar mi caño, y terceramente los dos mil y quinientos duros que he prestado á Vmd.
Esta vega tiene ocho leguas de largo y
Eurique cuarto fué asesinado por F.
cuatro de ancho.
Ravaillac, el catorce de Mayo mil seiscientos y diez.
Martes es el tercer dia de la semana. Dos es la quinta
Un dia es la séptima parte de una separte de diez.
mana, y una semana es la cuarta parte de un mes. Enrique segundo, rey de Francia, murió en una lucha contra
uno de sus nobles
caballeros.
TUE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
83
40.
Charles the Fh'st, king of England {Inglaternt), was beeousin is very
headed in London in the year 1649.
I am the second-,
diligent he is the first in {dc) the class
thou art the third ; Charles is the fourth Henry is the
fifth
Peter is the sixth John is the ninth, and Ferdinand
month
is the last.
Five is the fourth part of twenty.
Saturday is the seventh
is the twelfth part of a year.
day of the week. Give me {Déme Umd.) first the book
which I have lent you, secondly the pears which you have
bought to-day, and thirdly, my hat. Charles the Twelfth,
king of Sweden (Siiccia), was a great general. Louis
XVI. died on the 21st of January, 1793. This fact is
house
noted in the twentieth book of this history.
Four
is the third in the second street on the left hand.
is the fifteenth part of sixty.
My
;
;
;
;
;
A
My
—
Rem. (1 .) The expressions iivo by two, three and three, &c. are rendered in Spanisli in this manner de dos en dos, de tres en tres, &c,
one by one, is uno d uno or sendos (single).
(2.) The multiplicative
trqjle,
numbers are these ; simple, single doble, or duplo, double
:
;
;
;
guínfiiplo, .5-fold; séxtiq)lo, 6-fbld
séptreble; cuádruj}lo, i-íolá
tuplo, 7-fold; óctuplo, 8-fold; de'cicplo, 10-fold, &c.
(3.) The expressions, once, twice, three times, &c., are rendered in Spanish by
una vez, dos veces, tres veces, cuatro veces, &c, (4.) The collective
numbers are these: nn par, a pair; una octava, a number of 8 ;
;
;
una novena, a n. of 9
una decena, (dccada), an. of 10 una doa. ¿ozon
una vicntena, a score; xoia centena, &c. They are
formed by changing the final vowel of the cardinal numbers into
mitad (f.), a half ; medio, a,
cna.
(5.) The partitive numbers are
half; uno (a) y medio (a), one and a half ; un tercio, a third ; mv.
;
;
cena,
;
:
cuarto, a quarter,
Sec.
41.
THE PEESONAL PliONOUKS.
1.
Yo,
Yo,
De
/.
mi, of me.
/.
Plural.
Shi(¡ular.
iXosotro?, as, we.
De
nosotros, as, uj
vs.
METHOD or LEAENTNO
.^4
Singular.
A
Plural.
A nosotros,
mi, (me), to me.
Me, á mí, (me), me.
2.
Tú, thou.
Tú, thou.
De
A
ti,
Vosotros, as, you.
De
of thee.
(te), thee.
ti,
3.
De
El, he.
Ellos, ¿^ey.
él, (le),
Él, á
De
of him.
él,
A
to him.
4.
k
lo8,>
Ella, sAe.
Ellas, they.
De
De
o/ her.
ella,
them.
Ellos, á ellos, (los,
(le), hiin.
él,
of them.
ellos,
ellos, (les), to
Ella, «A^.
A
as, (vos), to you.
[á] vosotros, as, (vos), you.
Él, he.
A
vosotros, as, of you.
A vosotros,
to thee.
ti, (te),
Te, á
as^ (nos), to us.
[á] nosotros, as, (nos), us.
A
ella, (le), to her.
ellas,
Ellas,
Ella, á ella, (la), her.
o/ Mewí.
ellas, (les), to
á eUas,
them.
(las,
á
them
b.
Ello, lo,
De
A
de
ello,
á
ello,
Kilo, lo,
Ello,
lo,
(No
of it.
A
it.
Si.
himself of herself of themselves.
(se), to himself, to herself to themselves.
si, o/"
si,
Se,
plural.)
lo, to it.
tí.
De
iV.
it.
(k
si,
(se), hitnself herself, themselves.
las),
TUE SPANISH LAJiOUAGB.
Sem.— (1.)
30
placed between brackets,
), can be used only in connexion with verbs ; they are called
(
Often
cotijimciive pro>wuns, the xest a.vc called ahsohite pronouns.
the conj, and abs, pronouns are used at the same time ; e. g. á mí
me pareció, it appeared to me ; á ti te lo toca, it concerns thee.
(2.) Instead oi con mi, con it, con si, is said conmigo, contigo, consigo.
(3.) Instead of entre tí y mí, may be Süxáentre tú. é yo; the word y,
and, being changed into é, whenever it stands before a word commencing with /, y, or hi. (4.) If a verb governs two different pronouns of the third person, both beginning with I, and following
each other immediately, the pronoun se is used instead of the dative le or les ; sometimes tlie pronoun or substantivo, represented
by se, is used in addition, e. g, mi criado se lo dará á él, my servant
will give it him.
Those pronouns
El placer, the pleasure,
EI dueño, the master, lord.
La
if'odido, been able.
Proseguido, incrsued.
Alcanzado, overtaken.
Igual, equal, the same.
tierra, the earth, land.
El zapato,
El soldado,
El animal,
wliicli are
the boot.
the soldier.
the animal, beast.
Sin, ivithoiit.
Di (imper.), say.
(imperat.), give.
Dá
jMiedo, fear.
El ladrón, the robber.
Va, goes.
El sueldo, the salary.
Nada, nothing,
Eobado, robbed.
Llevando, carrying.
Querido, loved.
Sacado, led.
Respondido, answered.
Llevo, I carry, have.
Dios, Ood.
Sé, I hiow.
Mandado, commanded.
Dicho, said.
Cumplir con, to fulfil.
Comer, to eat.
Amo,
Pedido, ashed, demanded.
Me
rido
han robado.
mas que á tí.
master.
no tengo placer. Le he queSoy el dueño tu Dios, que te ha
de Egipto.
Dime la hora que es.
{how are yon ?) Yo se lo he resSin
tí
sacado de la tierra
I Como te va á tí ?
pondido. Tienes dos zapatos, dáselos á la criada. A tí
te toca mas que le toca ú él.
mí me parece muy
hermosa. Los soldados le han robado á ella algunos
animales.
Sus criados le han pedido sus sueldos y él
no ha podido dárselos.
Nosotros los hemos visto.
No he oido nada de ellos. Les he escrito tres carta»
Todo ello me es igual. Tú has de cumplir con lo que
A
METHOD or LEAENING
36
mandado.
Estas cartas son de mi hermano
las
Le recibido lioy. Dimelo. Dame de comer. He comprado un reloj para dársele á Vm. Yo no sé como no
tienes miedo de los ladrones llevando siempre tanto
dinero contigo.
Yo no llevo nada conmigo. Di le á tu
amo. Yo les he dicho que hablamos proseguido á los ladrones y que los hablamos alcanzado auna legua de aqui.
te es
;
—
Eem. From these exflmplos will be seen (l.),that tlie conjunct,
pronouns are placed after Uie verb, wben the latter is used in the
imperative, infinitive, or participle, or when it begins the sentence,
in all other cases they precede the verb. (2.) The absoluto pronouns
may be placed before or after the verb, if the conjunct, pronouns
precede the verb; but if the verb precedes the conjunct, pronoun,
then the absolute pronoun must be placed after the latter.
:
42.
l^obodij, nadie.
The
ll'liicli,
ffooertior, el
govcrnaJor.
iiiul.
Jiiiwceiit, inocente.
Bend, muerto.
Made prisoner,
The
Asked
question, lu pregunta.
///,
mal.
me
It concerns
me
da.
little,
tornado preso.
after, preguntado por.
The lady, la señora.
They have, carry, llevan.
Fjinbarrassed, embarazado.
á mí poco se The 2)arasol, el quitasol,
But, pero. ^
I have seen you at
1 have written
She has told it
me. He appears to me (to be) very ungrateful. They
have told them that the governor is dead. This question
has embarrassed them.
have heard them. I know
that this lad has spoken (hablado) ill of me, but it conHe is taller {mayor) than she. They have
cerns me little.
told me, that thou hadst lost thy book.
Which hadst
thou lost that which thou hast bought yesterday, or that
which thy father has given to thee ? I have a present for
thee aud for them.
I have seen her twice. I have seen
you this morning. Have you seen him ? He is innocent,
although you have made liim prisoner. These ladies always have their parasols with them, it concerns memore
I
have loved thee more than him.
the ball.
it you.
My servant has given it her.
My brother has given it them.
We
;
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
than
37
me that she had given
woman has been (es-
concerns thee. She has told
it you.
Nobody has seen you.
tado) here and has asked after you,
it
A
43.
Yo
Tú
estoy,
/ am.
estás, thou art.
Él, ella, está, he, she
is.
Nos. estamos, we are.
Vos. estáis, you are.
Ellos, ellas están,
Rem.
—In speaking of innate,
theij
are.
essential, or habitual conditions or
qualities, the verb / am, &c., is rendered in Spanish by yo soy, &c.
but in speaking of momentary and accidental conditions or qualiI am, &c., is rendered by estoy, &c.
ties,
Ya, already.
Volar, to fly.
Talega, the purse.
Deseoso, desirous.
Pronto, ready.
go
Salir, to
out.
Ver, to see.
El nombre, the name.
Sobre, upon, above.
El prado, the park.
Donde, where.
Puesto,
p¡¿í,
placed.
Los estantes,
Las
the shelf.
El teatro, the theatre.
Puedo, / can.
Convidado, invited.
El concierto, the coi art.
Hablando, speakinej.
El tuyo, la tuya, lo tuyo, thine.
El suyo, la suya, lo suyo, his,hers,
or theirs.
Señor, sir.
El corazón,
Ir, to fjo.
Rem.
—
alhajas, the jewels.
Venir, to come.
Porque, because.
El mio, la mia, lo mio, mine.
Quieres, thou wilt.
Venir, to come.
the heart.
The
absolute possessive pronouns, mio, tuyo, suyo,
nuestro, and vuestro, are used with the definite article when they
represent a substantive, in such phrases as, your house and mine
(i.e. house), and ivithoutihe article when they are joined to a substantive by the verb to he.
(2.) Expressions like one of my friends
are rendered in Spanish in this manner
un amigo mio, una tia
mia, &c.
(.3.) In speaking of absent persons the Spaniards use
the words merced, pi. mercedes.
(1.)
—
:
—
I
Estás ya pronto para
salir
1
¿
Están en casa sus
atÉTKOD Oí LEAENDíG
3ft
padres de Vm. ? No, señor, están con el tio en el
Los he puesto en
Prado.
¿ Donde están mis libros ?
No
¿ Quieres venir al teatro conmigo?
puedo ; estoy convidado para ir al concierto con mi
los estantes.
He visto á las señoras y sus mercedes me han
dado una carta para Vmd. Mi padre no ha podido
Mi corazón es
venir, porque su merced está malo (ill).
El otro ha tomado mi nombre como yo
siempre tuyo.
fcl suyo.
Aqni están todas las plumas, la mia, la tuya y
la suya.
Las alhajas, que has visto, son las suyas de
Estoy haella, mas los caballos son los suyos de él.
Vms. siempre
blando de un ave que he visto volar.
¿Es
hablando
de
mi.
su
sombrero
están
de Vmd. que
Estoy deseoso de ver á mi
está sobre la ventana ?
Esa casa es vuestra. Un
Este libro es mió.
primo.
primo mió ha comprado un caballo. Esta talega es
Vmd.
llena de oro.
He vendido mi jardin
¿ tiene
aun {still) el suy^ ? Una tia mia me ha escrito esta
tia.
;
carta.
44.
I will
News, noticias.
The expenses, los
(wish), quiero.
Itipe,
maduro,
Fame,
gloria.
a.
To
Obedient, obediente.
Taking a
tvalk, paseándose.
Seeing, viendo.
visit, see, visitar.
The
gastos.
Paid, pagado.
Because, for, pues.
Gone, ido.
Remarkable, curioso,
estate, la tierra.
Been, estado.
Brought, traido.
a.
si.
If,
Mr., El señor.
There, allú.
My
Tlicy are speaking of Ibee.
book is on the table.
Give me some pears I will eat some if they are ripe. Tlie
prince is desirous of fame.
aunt is in your garden.
These children have written a letter to their uncle, who is
One of my cousins (fern.) has been here toin ];erlin.
day and has] brought us news of one of her aunts. Mr.
London.
VTe have found thy watch and ours.
N. ia in
;
My
THE SPANISH lAXGUAGE.
C^b
My
Tour cousins and liis are more obedient than cura.
father and his are takiuf:^ a walk in your garden.
friend, I am seeing your father there.
Is your father at
home? No, he is gone to see his uncle, who is at hia
estates.
This story is not so remarkable as mine. I hare
father and his are
my books ; where are yours ?
friends.
In this street are our houses, mine, thine, his
and hers. Our cousins and mine have gone to the theatre.
My
My
I have paid
friend
is
at
my
My
you paid yours ?
and hers have gone to the
expenses, have
home but thine,
;
his
town.
45.
Este, a, 0, pi. estos, as, this, pi. these.
Ese,
a, 0, pi. esos, as, that, pi. those.
Aquel, aquella, aquello,
pi. aquellos,
as, this {that) pi.
these (those).
El, he, ella (la),
she,
ello
(lo), it ;
pi.
los
(ellos),
las
(ellas) they.
—
Rem. (1.) In Buch expressions as he who, she who, that which,
the pronouns he, she, that, arc rendered in Spanish by the proof the third person, él, ella, ello, or by aquel, or (especially if
the relative pronoun que follows) by the definite article.
(2.) If the
pronouHS that those, refer to a before-mentioned substantive, they
are rendered in Spanish by the definite article.
noun
—
Mira, look at.
Parecen, (they) aj)pea7;
Frondoso, lenfy.
El cuñado, the brother-in-law.
La mugercilla, the little tvoman.
El mozo, the youth.
La
vida,
life.
Comparación, comparison.
La
eternidad, eternity.
Aprendido, learned.
El lenguage, the lanrjuage.
Cerca de, near.
Yo
creo,
/
believe.
El \wriQ, the ¡mstage.
El correo, the post.
Lleva (imperat.), carry, take.
Este hombre es mas fuerte que ese.
Esta mesa es
mas grande que esa. Esta casa es hermosa, pero esa es
aun mas hermosa y aquella mucho mas alta. Mira estos
arboles ; ¿ este y ese no te parecen mas frondosos qur
aquel ?
Este es mi jardin, ese es el de mi tio y aquel
D 2
METÍIÜD
40
Oí'
LEAENINO
ea el
Esta es la mas hermosa muger que
he visto y aquella es la mas prudente.
Este hombrepadre de esos muchachitos y aquella mugercilla es la madre de estas muchachitas.
Este mozo es
de Berlin, ese de Viena, aquel de Dresda y aquel otro de
Colonia,
Qué es esta vida en comparación á la eternidad
He aprendido el lenguage de aquella tierra en
seis meses.
Aquella casa que está cerca de aquellos
Lleva estas cartas al correo.
árboles, es mia.
¿ Has
pagado el porte de estas ? Yo no creo nada de eso.
Esta es mi casa y este mi jardín.
Hemos perdido un
buen amigo que lo ha sido muchos años. ¿No es este
Don Juan de Sosa ? El mismo {the samé). Esto no ca
mió.
Lo he dicho íi este hombre y á. él que has visto
ayer.
Hemos estado en tu casa y en la de tu tio.
de mi cuñado.
cillo es el
j
!
4G.
The word,
Shoiun, enseñado.
JnteresHng, interesante.
The thought, el pensamiento.
Worthy, digno, a.
la palabra.
^"üllotved, seguido.
V/ie
wine, el vino.
'iermaivj,
Alemania.
Vhulesome, sano, a.
rhe palace, el palacio.
rhe newspapers, las gacetas.
A
Opposite, enfrente.
St. John,
San Juan.
Credit, crédito.
Swede, Sueco.
This gentleman is he wao
These are my last words.
has followed us. This palace and that one which I have
shown you, are the king's. The wines of Germany are
more wholesome than those of France. The interesting
newspapers are not those of to-day, but those of yesterday. Are these thoughts worthy of you ? This house in
wliich we are, that one which is opposite, and that which
is in the street of St. John, are all three mine.
house
and yours are the finest in the street. He is a happy
man, because he is contented with (that) what he has. Our
This man is (a)
friends have more credit than yours.
Frenchman, that one is (an) EngUshnaan, and that one (a)
My
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
4\
Swede. Tliia girl (la moza) is more amiable than that one
This garden is larger than that which my uncle has bought.
Whicn book wü! you (have), this one or that one P
47.
Quien, pi. quienes, who¡ 'vhom. Que, wlio, lohom, which.
El cual, la cual, lo cual, pi. los, las cuales, ivho, whom,
loldch.
Cuyo, cuya,
Rem.
pl.
— Cuyo, a
the noun to which
cuyos, cuyas, ivhose, of lohich.
treated like an adjective,
is
it
and must agree with
belongs, in gender and number.
Sabe, {he) knoivs.
Los estudios, the studies.
El picaro, the rogue.
El queso, the cheese.
El parecer, the opinion.
La ocurrencia, the accident,
La cosa, the thing.
El
vestido, the dress.
Verde, green.
Saber, to know.
Ha de ser, may
El ruido, the
be.
noise.
case. Mérito, merit.
Ser, to be.
Premiado, rewarded.
Socorrer, tosticcour.
La necesidad, necessity
Obligado, /oreri?.
La muerte, death.
El mal, the evil.
El remedio, the remedy.
Desvalido, helpless.
Quiere, (he) will, wishes.
La reputación, the repute.
Tal vez, perhaps.
Mi tic es un hombre que sabe mucho y que ha hecho
La luuger que Vm. ha
sus estudios en Salamanca.
visto hoy, es tal vez la mas hermosa de la ciudad.
Quien de Vms. ha sido el picaro que ha comido este
I
en esta ocurqueso ?
¿ Cual es su parecer de Vm.
rencia?
Qué cosa mas noble que el socorrer al des¡
Éste hombre es quien nos ha robado el año
valido
pasado. ¿ Cuyas son estas casas ? Son de aquel hombre,
cuya reputación de rico es tan conocida en toda la ciudad.
El que tiene
Quiero saber lo que ha de ser este ruido.
menos mérito, es quien quiere ser premiado. La neley.
El
tiene
obligado
la
cual
no
á esto,
cesidad rae ha
niños he visto.
Las calles cuyas casas son
padre cuy
!
D 3
METHOD OF «¿ABNIlíQ
42
La muerte es un mal para que no hay remedio.
Mira aquellas mugares
la de vestido verde es
mi
madre.
altas.
;
48.
Blue, azul.
Lived, vivido.
T/ie
The soldier, el soldado.
The courage, el brio.
The term,
The birth dag,
los
el
termino.
Expired, espirado.
Were droivned, se ahogaron.
fust, justamente.
He fears,
of exchange, letra d<
hill
cambio.
cumpleaños.
teme.
The7-e tvere, habia.
Trnlg, really, verdaderamente.
But, sino.
Alone, solo.
Free, libre.
The nation,
la nación.
whom
have you received this book ? "Which
From {de)
!)ook ? the blue or the black {one) P
I have been in the
which thy father has lived. We are just speaking of {that) what thou hast written to thy father. This
«atch is that [one) which you gave (have given) me a.í{po¡')
my birth-day. The house which I have sold to that man,
The woman to
is not so fine as that which we have seen.
whom I have sold my dog, is not that {one) who has been
'\ere, but that {one) whom you saw (liave seen) yesterday
iiouse in
The man who fears God alone, is really the concert.
I have a bill of exchange from you, the term of
The nation, whose king is wise. I
wliix^h has expired.
know what commerce is. There were also women in the
ships, many of whom were drowned.
•n
free.
49.
Quien,
loho, loJiom ?
Uue, cual,
Eem.
—The
Suspirando, sighing.
Allí, here.
a, loliose
?
which, what ?
interrogative pronoun cuyo, a,
and must agree
which it belongs.
live,
to
Cuyo,
10 no, ivhorn,
in
is treated as an adjecgender and number with the substantivo
Aiaba de
entrar, has just entered
El peligro, the danger.
TUE SPAIíISn LANGUAGE.
Cuando, tohen.
43
Haber, io have.
I'uede, {he) can.
Vt'mú^aX, principal, chief.
Espuesto, exposed.
Funesto, a, sad.
Trae, brings.
Hacer, to do.
Se dice, is said, they say.
Habido, had.
La
batalla, the battle.
En donde, where
Dicen, they say,
¿ Quien está suspirando allí ?
I Qué hora es ?
¿ Que
niuger es la que acaba de entrar 1
qué peligros no
se ha espuesto Vm.
Que funestas noticias trae esta
carta
quieres hacer, amigo, cuando todo va
¿ Que
contra tus deseos?
¿Cuales son las principales ciudades de España? ¿De quien ha recibido Vra. este dinero ?
se
dice
de nuevo ?
Me han dicho que ha
¿ Que
Jiabido {there has been) una grandisima batalla, en donde
los nuestros han vencido al enemigo. Tus padres
¿ que
dicen de mí ?
¿ Sabe Vm. que diferencia es de Enrique
íi Vmd. ?
¿De cual tierra ea
¿ Cual hombre es este ?
Vm. ? ¿Cuyo es este libro? Es tuyo. ¿De quien
son esos hbros ? ¿ Á cuantos estamos hoy ? {WTiut day
doce {the twelfth),
of the month have loe to-day?)
!
!
Á
¡
!
A
I
Que
quieres,
amigo
?
50.
AfirccahJe, agradable.
The custom, el costumbre.
The order, el mandamiento.
pecado.
the paper, el papel.
V.rrcd,
The gloves,
The sivord,
lo9 guantes.
la espada.
Taken, llevado.
The ivatchmaker,
The
el relojero.
bottle, la botella.
"VVliich is the richest of these ladies ?
W^hose hat ia
tliufc which is upon the table?
From whom have you
received these ai^rccable news P
What will you do with
this paper ?
is knocking {llamando) at (á) the door ?
I have taken my watch to the watchmaker. Which one,
the golden or the silver one ? What do you say {dices)
of our town, our public walks, and our customs ? Against
which of his orders have we erred ? Whose sword ia this ?
Who
HETUOD OP LEAEXING
44
Whose
For whom is this bottle of wme,
What woman is this P Of whose
gloves arc these ?
and what wine
is it ?
Which are the merits of that
of these two houses is yours P What do
riches are you. speaking ?
Which
man ?
they say in the town
P
51.
alguien ; alguno, a
cualquiera; quienquiera, jowe
Cualque
;
any
one,
zutano, a
;
;
some one, a certain person.
Cual, many a one.
fulano, a
Cierto, a
—
Cual cual, one—the other.
Tanto, so muth, so great.
Quanto, hoiv much.
Tanto
—quanto, «a
Nadie, ninguno, nobody, mne.
Nada, nothing.
Tenia,
one.
much
(great)
Ya,
I had.
twio.
Creo,
/ believe.
Que,
that.
El asunto, the affair, husinesA.
Arreglar, to settle.
Acaso, perchance.
Sepa, {he) shoteld know,
Ageno, foreign, strange.
as.
Tal, such.
Codiciar,
Tal cual, such as.
£1 mismo, la misma, lo mismo,
propio (proprio), a, the saine.
Otro, a, other, another one.
El bien, the projjcrfy, good.
Bailar, to dance
El amo, the master.
El empleo, the employment.
Conviene, it suits.
Venga, (he) should come
Solo, a, alone.
Varios, as, divers, several.
Cada cada uno, a, every one.
;
Ambos,
entrambos,
enough.
as
;
as,
l>olJt.
demag, the
maining.
la,
lo
rest, the
Creido, believed.
Estarían, {they) ivcre.
El mucbacho, the boy
Comió, {he) ate.
Harto, a,
Toco, a, little.
Algo, something, somewhat.
El,
to covet.
Estaban, {they) were.
re-
Se bace, {it) becomes.
Venido, come.
Me parece que alguno de Vms. ha estado aqui, pues
tenia algunas peras, y ya no hay ninguna mas.
Mi tío
está en París : creo que tiene algunos asuntos para arDe todos cuantos aqui están, ¿ hay acaso uno
que sepa mi historia ? El es muy ageno de {far fiotn)
hacer tal cosa.
Ninguno ha de codiciar los bienes ágenos.
De muchos pocos se hace un algo. Cada uno le
ha visto bailar con aquella señora. Tal amo, tal criado.
reglar.
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
45
Este empleo le conviene mejor que á cualquier otro. Mi
primo habiacreido que fulano y zutano estarian también
en este baile. Este muchacho comió cuantas frutas estaban
en la mesa. Quien quiera que {whoever) venga aqui, dile
que no estoy en casa. Un cierto me ha dicho, que el
Ni el uno ni el otro ha venido, porque
rey ha muerto.
ambos están malos. Yo he quetado {remained) en casa
y los demás han ido al teatro. Aqui no hay nada.
52.
During, mientras.
Virtue, la virtud.
Gained, ganado.
Fains, (la) pena.
Wasted, gastado.
Assured, asegurado.
Absence, ausencia.
{He)
hioivs, sabe.
Lives, vive.
Eow, como.
The family, la familia.
Health, la salud.
Preferable, preferible.
Wealth, property, (las) haciendas.
The faiílt, la falta.
Happened, sucedido.
The condition, la condición.
The boohseller, el librero.
Has soma oue come during my absence ? No one knows
how and on {dé) what this family lives. None of these
ladies is as beautiful as thy sister.
Has any body asked
after me ?
Yes, some of your friends have been here.
Health
all tlae riches of the world.
Every
customs.
brother-in-law has little
property, and many virtues. The son has
wasted all that the father had gained with so great paina.
father has assured me that some one has asked after
me. Every one has his faults. This is the same man whom
you saw (have seen) yesterday. I have these books from
the same bookseller. Have you wine enough ? Nobody
lives contented with {dé) his condition in this life.
Nothing has happened.
are speaking of nothing.
One
has eaten apples, another one pears, and another one figs.
is
preferable to
country has
money,
My
its
little
My
We
All
is lost.
METHOD OF LEAEKINQ
46
PART
II.
53.
CONJUGATION OF THE AUXILIARY VERB
Habee,
INFINITIVE MOOD.
I.
Itifn.
to have.
of the Pres. Haber,
to have.
Haber habido, to have had.
Fat. Estar por haber, to be about to have.
Perf.
Gerund of
the Pres.
Habiendo, having.
Perf. Habiendo habido, having had.
Partic. of the Pass. Habido, had.
Perf. Habiendo habido, having had.
Put. Habiendo de haber, being about to
have.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
II.
Present Tense.
Yo
he,
/ have,
&c.
vide No. 23.
;
Imperfect Tense.
Yo habia, / had, &c. vide No. 29.
;
Yo
Befinite Perfect Tense.
hube, I had, &c. ; vide No. 27.
Indefinite Perfect Tense.
Yo he
habido,
I have
had, &c.
First Pluperfect, or Anterior.
Yo hube habido, I had had, &c.
Yo
Second Pluperfect.
babia habido, I had had,
ike.
/HE SPANISH LAIíGtJAaB.
47
Imperfect Future.
Habré, / shall have.
Habrás, thou wilt have.
Habrá, he will have.
Habremos, we
Habréis,
shall have.
i/oii xvill
have.
Habrán, they will have.
Perfect Future.
shall have had, &c.
Habré habido, I
III.
IMPERATIVE MOOD,
Habe, have thou.
Haya, let him have.
Hayamos, let us have.
Habed, have you.
Hayan, let them have.
IV.
CONJUNCTIVE MO^D.
Present.
Haya, I may have.
Hayas, thou mayst have.
Haya, he may have.
Hayamos,
xve
may
have.
Hayáis, you may have.
Hayan, they may have.
Definite Perfect.
Hubiese, / might have.
Hubieses, thou miyhtst have.
Hubiese, he might have.
Hubiésemos, ive
Hubieseis, you
Hubiesen, they
Simple Conditional.
Habria, or hubiera, I should have.
Habrías, or hubieras, thou wouldst have.
Habria, or hubiei'a, he ivould have.
Habríamos, or hubiéramos, «-e should havt.
Habriais, or hubierais, yon ivould have.
Habrian, or hubieran, they ivould have.
Simple Future.
Hubiere, I shall have.
Hubiéremos,, toe shall hate.
Hubieres, thou wilt have.
Hubiereis, you will have.
Hubiere, he will have.
Hubieren, they will have.
METHOD OF LEARNING
í8
Indefinite Ferfect.
Ilaya habido,
I may have had, &c.
Pluperfect.
Hubiese habido, / mic/ht have had, &c.
Co7>tposed Conditional.
Hubiera or habría habido, I should have had,
Sec.
Composed Future.
Hubiere
liabido, {that)
I shall have had, &c.
OBSERVATIONS.
I.
ON THE USE OF THE TENSES.
1
The present
the
same manner
the present tense
tense and the two futures are used in
in
is
Spanish as in Enghsh except that
sometimes used in a loose manner,
;
where one should expect the future.
2. The Imperfect is used, a, in speaking of something
that was done habitually or repeatedly
b, in speaking
of facts which belong to the past, but are considered to
have taken place simultaneously with other facts.
3. The Definite Perfect is used in speaking of facts
that have taken place at some precisely stated moment
of the past, and which are looked upon as entirely
;
past.
4.
The
Indefinite Perfect
is
used in speaking of facts
when either the precise
not stated, or when the
of their occurrence
period in which they are said to have taken place is
not yet entirely elapsed.
5. The two Pluperfects are'used in speaking of facts
which have taken place in the past and before other
facts, which belong likewise to the past, but with this
difference, that the second pluperfect {Ilabia
) is used
that belong entirely to the past,
moment
is
—
THE SPANISU LANGUAGE.
49
when the fact which took place first, is considered to ba
the more important of the two, while the first Pluperfect
or Anterior is used when the same fact is represented as
the less important.
II.
It will
ON THE USE OF THE MOODS.
he sufiicient to point out the use of the Sub-
junctive, Conditional,
1.
The Subjunctive
and Imperative.
is
used whenever an uncertainty
or a doubt shall be expressed
;
it
is
used, therefore
which express a wish, doubt, fear
command, or necessity, and is usually preceded by thi
que
si.
It is to be remarked that the
conjunctions
or
especially after verbs
subjunctive of the present or that of the indefinite permust be used when the verb of the principal sentence
is used in the present or future tense.
2. The Conditionals are used in the same cases in
Spanish as in English ; those ending in ra, and those
ending in ria, are generally used alternately.
3. Respecting the Imperative, it is to be observed that
in the Spanish language the subjunctive of the present
is often used instead of the Imperative.
fect
—
Rem. It will have been seen from the examples given in No.
41, ct seg., that the objective cases of the personal pronouns are
joined immediately to infinitives, imperatives, and gerunds, so that
the two form but one word
it is to be remarked that the
final j
of the first person plural of the imperative is dropped when the
pronoun nos is affixed, and that, when a pronoun commencing with
the letter / is to be affixed to the second nersonal plural ending in
d, the / is placed before the d.
;
Dudo, I
doubt.
Llegado, arrived.
Aun, already.
Temí, Ifeared.
Mandado, commanded.
nieee {he) should cotna.
Decir,
(o iell, sai/.
Después que,
after, when,
N., Mrs. iV.
Vino, {he, she) came.
Asi que, as soon as.
Entregué, I gave.
La Señora
METHOD OF LEAENIKQ
50
El mozo, the youth.
Almorzado, breakfasted.
Antes que, before.
Venga, comes, may come.
Iré,
¿!uando, tvhen.
de, done tvith, finished^
La
Acabado
I shall go.
Basta,
it is sufficient.
Descuidado, neglected.
Acertar, to succeed.
empresa, the enterprise.
Sabido, knoivn.
Parti, (i) departed.
Dudo que haya llegado aun. Temí que hubiese veLe habrá manáado que viniese
nido la semana pasada.
He visto k tu padre hoy. Después que
para decirselo.
hubiste visto á la Señora N. vino á mi casa.
Así que
hube escrito la carta la entregué á mi mozo. Habré
almorzado antes que tu padre venga. Cuando habré
acabado de almorzar, creo que iré en casa de mi madre.
Basta que el hombre no haya descuidado nada para
Si yo hubiera sabido que
hacer acertar una empresa.
Mi
tú no estabas (loast) en casa, no habria venido.
padre ya habia comprado esta casa cuando partí para
Italia.
55.
The measure,
To
la
medida,
Thou hast
got up^ te has levan-
tado,
succeed, salir.
Early, temprano.
Scarcely, apenas.
We could, pudimos.
Gone, andado.
Supped, cenado.
quarter of an hour, un cuarto
As soon as, luego que.
de hora.
lliey went otit of, salieron de,
I met, encontré.
[líe) arrives, llegue {subj.).
Gol up, levantado.
(7/í) ivent a hunting, iba cazando.
The u-ood, el bosque.
The
intention, el intento.
A
my
brother.
1 bolieve that tliou hast given this book to
had taken the best measures, and in spite of (con) all
intention.
Had
you
our
that we could not succeed with
supped already when the cousin of my aunt came P As
soon as they had dined {comido), they went out of tlie
shall have done all before my father arrives.
wood.
We
We
They
will already
have received the news of the death of
THE SPANISH LA^^GUAGE.
51
my uncle.
If tliou liadsfc got up earlier, thou wouldst have
breakfasted -witli us. I had scarcely gone (for) a quarter
of an hour, when I met a man who went a hunting.
no.
CONJUGATION OF THE VERB
Tekeu,
to have.
INFINITIVO.
I.
Pres. Tener, to have.
Prefer. Haber tenido, to have had.
Fid. Haber de tener, to be about to have.
Gerundio. Teniendo, having.
Partic. pas. Tenido, had.
Partic. de jiret. Habiendo tenido, having had.
Partic. defut. Habiendo de tener, being about
II.
INDICATIVO.
a. Presente.
Yo
tengo,
I
have, &c.
No. 19.
vide
;
b. Imperfecto.
Teniamos, ive had.
Teníais, you had.
Tenia, 7 hud.
Tenias, thou hadst.
Tenia, he, she had.
Tenian, they had.
Perfecto Definido.
c.
I had.
Tuvimos,
ive
Tuviste, thou hadst.
Tuvisteis,
you had.
Tuvo, he, she had.
Tuvieron, they had,
Tuve,
had.
d. Perfecto Indefinido,
He
tenido,
e.
Hube
I have
had, &c.
Anterior.
tenido^ T
had hud, &c.
to
have
MfiTHOD OF LEAENINO
I
f.
Phiscuanperfecto.
Había tenido, / had had, k".
Futuro Imperfecto.
Tendremos,
g.
Tendré, / shall have.
Tendrás, thou wilt have.
Tendrá, he, she will have.
li.
Habré
Tendrt'is,
Tendrán.
Futuro perfecto.
tenido, / shall have had,
III.
&c
IMPERATIVO.
Ten, Aat;e (thou).
Tenga, let him {her) have.
Tengamos,
let
us have.
Tened, have {you).
Tengan, let them have.
IV.
SUBJUNTIVO,
a.
Tenga, /
may
have.
Tengas,
Tenga.
Presente.
Tengamos,
Tengáis,
Tengan.
b. Pretérito hnperf.
Tuviese, Imiffht have.
Tuvieses,
Tuviésemos,
Tuviese.
Tuviesen.
Tuvieseis,
c. Condicional Simple.
Tuviera, tendría, I should have.
Tuvieras, tendrías, thou wouldst have.
Tuviera, tendria, he, she loould have.
Tuviéramos, tendríamos,
ive
should have.
would have.
Tuvieran, tendrian, they would have.
Tuvierais, tendríais, ijou
TUE SPANISH LANGÜAQB.
53
d. Fretcrito Per/.
Haya
/ may have had, &c.
tenido,
Pluscuanperfecto.
Hubiese tenido, I miyht have had, &c.
e.
f. Condicional Compuesto.
Hubiera, habria tenido, 1 should have had, &c.
g.
Tuviere,
/ shall
Tuvieres, thou
Tuviere, he
Futuro
Simj^le.
Tuviéremos,
have.
ivilt
luill
Tuviereis,
have.
Tuvieren.
have.
h.
Futiiro Compuesto.
Hubiere tenido, / sJmU have had,
&&
57.
Tengo
razón,
lam
right.
Vale,
No
tengo razón, I am tvrong.
ilala fama, bad reptitation.
Con todo, nevertheless.
Tener en poco, to think little
to slight.
ivorth.
sometimes.
of,
Queréis, you will, tvish.
Hallar, to find.
muclio, {he) rises very
Madruga
Ahora, noiv.
La
desgracia, the misfortune.
Perder, to lose.
Prójimo, next.
Antes de ir, before going.
Acabar con,
is
Amenudo,
Levantar, to get up.
El amanecer, the break of day.
to finish.
early.
La tertulia, the company.
La compañia, the company, society.
Concurrirá,
Pues que,
icill
assemble.
as, since.
Tengo en casa dos hermosos caballos que los he comprado esta semana. Aunque tiene mala fama, con todo
tiene muchos amigos.
Tu tienes razón. Tus hermanos
no tienen razón. ¿ Tenéis algo que hacer antes de ir
J teatro ? Mis primos tienen en poco á su tio. Tu
«-enias dos hermanos y una hermana, y ahora no tienes
que un hermano.
Pues que tenian tantos amigos,
donde están ahora ? Tuve el año pasado la desgracia
I
de perder mi padre.
Tendrás mucho que hacer si quiB 3
METHOD OF LEABKING
54
Lo que tú tendrás no vale
que yo tendré. Cuando tendréis un caMañana (to-morrow)
ballo, iremos amenudo al campo.
tendré una gran tertulia, donde concurrirá la mejor
compañía. Tendréis que levantaros antes del amanecer
si queréis hallar en casa á vuestro tio, pues el madruga
mucho.
Vosotros tuvisteis razón, mas ellos no tuvieron
eres acabar con todo eso.
tanto
como
lo
razón.
58.
The patron, el protector.
By, por.
Means, el medio.
Thouwilt oblain, lograrás.
The purpose, el iiilento.
I gained, ganaba.
To maintain, mantener.
lie tvill be able, podrá.
Ferhaps, quizá.
For, por.
The work,
Courage,
el
el
trabajo.
ánimo.
Alone, á solas
Solitude, la soledad.
(He) promised, proineliú.
Next, prójimo.
The coach, el coche.
The fever, la calentura.
/ must have, he de tener.
// is belter, mejor vale.
Afterward» después.
Occasio», ocasión.
Thet/ will be, estarán.
Soon, en breve.
The honour, el honor.
Enough, bastante,
TLiouliastmany patrons; by this means thou wilt obtain
th}' purpose.
I had much to do, and nevertheless I gained
not enough to {para) maintain my family. Our gardener
hada pretty little house in liis garden. Thou wiit not have
next year (tbat) what thou hadst last year. Had yoiv your
coach when you were [estuvisteis) at the ball ? Since I
must have the fever, it is better that I (may) have it now
than afterwards. He will perhaps have six dollars for his
work. Will you have the courage to go alone in this solitude? I believe that they will have to-morrow (that)
what their mother promised them. I know (that) what I
my father will give {dará)
shall have at my birth-day
;
my
mother a new hat. Having so much
a watch, and
to do, his brother will not be able to come to-day.
They
will have more occasion to go into companj wLen tlicj
me
SPANISH LANGUAGE.
6Ó
m
town. Soon we shall have the honour to
be
Mrs. N. Were you right ? Was he wrong ?
will
visit
59.
Una hora
ha, il
is
an
Jiour since.
Velar, to watch, to sit up.
Cuidar, to nurse.
Llegó, {he) arrived.
Después que, since.
Partió, he departed.
Dicha, ffood luck.
La
La
come
off.
pérdida, the
acuerdo, / remember.
El orden, the order.
Partir, to depart.
Demasiado,
La
too mitch.
idea, the opinion.
Nunca, never.
El motivo, the cause, reason.
Quejarse, to complain.
Huirse, to flee.
Salido,
Me
{part.)
Los semejantes, the fellow-crea
tures.
loss.
llegada, the arrival.
Puimos, we went.
Estarla, he
would
be.
Adelantado, advanced.
Tú has tenido mi pluma en la mano una hora ha. Ei
ha tenido que velar toda la noche para cuidar su hermano que está malo. Hemos tenido un gran placer
cuando llegó mi primo, pues no le habiamos visto desHabia tenido que
pués que partió para America.
huirme. Tu habias tenido mns dicha que el, habiendo
salido sin pérdida alguna.
Apenas habiamos tenido la
noticia de la llegada de su amigo, cuando fuimos á visitarle.
Sí, me acuerdo que vosotros habláis tenido él
orden de partir.
¿ Quien es el hombre que no tenga una
demasiado alta idea de si mismo y una muy mínima de
los otros ?
¿ Hay acaso un hombre que nunca haya
tenido motivos de quejarse de sus semejantes? Si hubiera tenido tanto que hacer como e'l dice, me parece
que estaría mucho mas adelantado.
60.
To write, escribir.
To inform, anunciar.
To platj, ]\iga.\\
2'Ae
head'üche, 9 dolor de ca-
beza
The fever, la fiebre.
Eeligion, la religion.
Demands,
exige.
Compassion, piedad.
(He) thinks, cree.
56
METUOD OF LEAUNINO
The miser pant,
The leaj, la hoja.
tvonld ivrtte, escribirla.
Directly, al instante.
/ should live, viviria.
cl rco.
/
Conscience, la conciencia.
Quiet, quieto, a.
The
travel, cl viage.
I have bad to vrrite a letter to my uncle to (para) inform him that I had bought the house of my neighbour.
Have you had news from your brother who is in Madrid F
My cousins have had to play, in order to (para) keep
(tener) company, and have lost all (that what) they had.
He had had a very great head-ache, and afterwards the
fever.
Had they not had the house of their uncle ? Religion demands that we have (suhj.) compassion on (de) the
helpless.
Do you think that the miscreant always has
(suhj.) a quiet conscience ? Which are the evils that have
(subj.) not, at the same time, their remedies ?
If I had
at least a leaf of paper, I should write a letter directly.
If I had a country-house (casa de campo), I should always live in it. He would have many more riches, if he
had not wasted them in his travels.
61.
CONJUGATION OF THE TV/0 AUXILIARY VERBS,
Seb and Estab,
Pres.
Preter.
Flit.
Part. pas.
Gerundio.
Part, de Pret.
Part, de flit.
to be.
INFINITIVO.
I.
Ser, estar, to be.
Haber sido, estado,
Haber de ser, estar,
to
have been.
abuut to
to be
be.
Sido, estado, been.
Siendo, estando, being.
Habiendo sido, estado, having been.
Habiendo de ser, estar, beiny about
be.
II.
INDICATIVO.
Presente.
vide Nos. 35 and 43.
&c.
a.
Soy, estoy, /
oin,
;
io
THE BPAKI8H LAISOUAGE.
b
Era, estaba,
1
Imperfecto.
Eramos, estábamos.
was.
Eras, estabas.
Era, estaba.
Erais, estabais.
Eran, estaban.
Perfecto definido.
Fuimos, estuvimos.
c.
Fui, estuve, / was.
Fuiste, estuviste.
Fuisteis, estuvisteis.
Fue', estuvo.
Fueron, estuvieron.
Perfecto indefinido.
sido, estado, / have leen, &c.
d.
He
e.
Hube
f.
Habia
I had
been, &c.
Pluscuanperfecto.
sido, estado, I
g.
Sere', estare',
Anterior.
sido, estado,
had
been, &c.
Futuro Imperfecto.
/ shall
be.
Seremos, estare'mos.
Serás, estarás.
Seréis, estaréis.
Será, estará.
Serán, estarán.
h. Futuro Perfecto.
Habré' sido, estado, / shall have been.
IMPERATIVO.
III.
Se, está, be (thou).
him
Seamos, estemos,
Sea, esté, let
(he?-) be.
let us be.
Sed, estad, be {you).
Sean, estén, let them be.
IV.
SUBJUNTIVO.
a.
,
Presente.
Seamos, estemo».
Sea, esté, / 7nay be.
Seas, estés.
Seáis, estéis.
Sea, esté.
Seap. estén.
57
METHOD OE LEAUNISG
5S
b. Pretérito imperfecto
I might
be,
&c.
Fuese, estuviese.
Fueses, estuvieses.
Fuésemos, estuvieseiüoa.
Fuese, estuviese.
Fuesen, estuviesen.
Fueseis, estuvieseis.
Condicional Simple.
c.
I should
he,
&c.
Fuera, seria.
Estuviera, estaña.
Fueras, serias.
Estuvieras, estañas.
Fuera, seria.
Fuéramos, seriamos
Estuviera, estaria.
Fuerais, señáis.
Estuvierais, estaríais.
Fueran, serian.
Estuvieran, estañan.
Estuviéramos, estañamos.
d. Pretérito Imperfecto.
Haya
I may
sido, estado,
have been, &c.
Pluscuanperfecto.
Hubiese sido, estado, I might have been,
e.
Hubiera
1
habría
J
&c
Condicional Compuesto.
f.
j^^
^^^^^
I should
have been, &c.
.
g.
Futuro Simple.
Fuéremos, estuviéremos.
Fuere, estuviere, / should be.
Fueres, estuvieres.
Fuereis, estuviereis.
Fuere, estuviere.
Fueren, estuvieren.
h.
Hubiere
Futuro Compuesto.
sido, estado,
I shoidd have
been, &c.
62.
La
La
escuela, the school.
Por
causa, the cause.
La
Porque, tvhi/.
Envidian, they envy.
lo
menos,
at least.
pulgada, the inch.
Murió, he
H&bil,
died.
clever.
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
La
La
El médico, the physician.
Errado, erred.
Hacen, they make.
La
Cl>
alegría, /oy.
verdad, truth.
Duradero, a, durable.
Eterno, a, eternal.
Tomaria, / should talce.
disculpa, the excuse.
Antes, before.
Visitó, visited.
"Yo soy
mas adelantado en
y eso es la
por lo menos
cuatro pulgadas mas alto que tu hermano. Eramos aun
muy chicos, cuando nuestro padre murió. El hombre
virtuoso es siempre dichoso.
Mi tio fué el mas hábil
médico de toda la ciudad. Siendo tantos los que han
errado, hacen fácil la disculpa.
Ya tu no eres lo que
fuiste antes.
El estudio fué, es y seríi siempre el mas
'
el
causa, porque todos
me
la escuela,
envidian.
Tu eres
agradable placer del sabio.
Que alegria será la vuestra
cuando llegue vuestra madre. No hay sino (but) la
verdad que sea duradera y aun eterna.
Si tu prima
fuese mas joven, la tomaria á mi casa.
¿Cree Vmd.
que sea aquel hombre él que nos visitó la semana pasada? Esta familia era siempre la mas dichosa de la
¡
ciudad.
63.
Mortal, mortal.
Jlich in, abundante en.
An upright ?«a;í,hom.bre de bien. Grains, granos.
Bespectable, honesto, a.
Name me, cíteme Vmd.
The lesson, la lección.
Tender age, tierna edad.
They began, empezaron.
Useful, provechoso, a.
Experience, la esperiencia.
They conquered, conquistaron.
The empire, el imperio.
The little chest, la cajita.
The century,
el siglo.
"Unhappy, infeliz.
Sure, cierto.
admit, admitiría.
I should
Thy cousin is the mopt virtuous woman that I knov
v/e are all mortal. It was the fourth of January. The
father of these children was (a^ very upright man, and
their mother was also the most respectable and virtuous
woman that I have known.
cousins were still of (a
tender age when they began to go to (the) school. The
My
METHOiJ or lEAENINO
60
who conquered the empire of Me.
The Egyptians {Egiptos) were wise men. The past
centuries were for Spain centuries of gold. I was always
the most unhappy and unfortunate man, and I believe that
I shall be (so) until (the) death.
This year will be rich
iu grains and in wine.
Name me a professor, whose lessons are more useful than those of ( the) experience. If
I were sure that you are the sons of my friend, I would
admit you into my liouse. If this little chest were of gold,
it would be much dearer.
If this book were mine, I
Bhould give (daria) it you directly.
Spaniards were those
jico.
64.
Hablar,
Vendré,
speak.
shall come.
to
/
go out.
Recibimos, ire receiicd.
Salir, to
anee.
El cuidado, the
Fuera de, except.
Tiempo, weather.
Sin duda, tvithout doull.
La
Alojado, quartered.
Casa particular, private house.
Importa, it matters, is of import-
quinta, the estate.
a, ready.
dinner.
Pronto,
La comida,
La
care.
Pido, I asi:.
Airado, angry.
Cantarían, they ivoitld sing.
Hacen, they do.
Temo, I fear.
Señorita, the young lady.
Estando yo hablando con tu tic vino mi cuñado á
Pues que estáis sólitas, Señoritas mias,
hablarme.
vendrá esta tarde á haceros compafíia. Estábamos justamente para salir, cuando recibimos la noticia de la
muerte de tu tio que estaba in Viena. Fuera de mi
todos están en el campo ; y como hoy hace {it is) tan
buen tiempo, estarán sin duda en la quinta que está á
una legua de nuestra casa de campo. ¿ Cuando estará
Vm. en casa ? Ya te lo he dicho que estaré á las cuatro
y media, y que esté pronta la comida. Todos estos soldados {soldiers) estarán alojados en las casas particuQue le importa á Vmd. que yo esté con cuidalares.
dos ó no, si yo no le pido nada ? Si tus hermanos
estuviesen tan airados,
como
tu lo dices,
no cantarían,
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE,
61
como lo hacen, toda la mañana. Temo mucho que mis
primas estéu en casa, pues me parece haberlas visto cu
la iglesia.
They
Armed, armado.
vine.
/ could,
podia,
To
It
ITe gets better on, adelanta mas.
died, murieron.
I came,
I should go,
pleased me,
I remained
Together,
The
j
me
only,
gusto.
no quedé que.
venir.
Bound, encuadernado.
It would he worth, valdría.
untos.
hall, la sala.
iria.
I should send for, hacia
He attended, trató.
leave, dejar.
Necessary, menester.
I should hill, mataria.
Mercy, remisión.
Presente, presente.
Although, sin embargo que.
Idle, mano sobre mano.
Wast thou
not he who was seated in the garden with mj
and my uncle ? While I was in Madrid, my fatheimother
died.
Wast thou not at home when I
and my
came the other day to speak with thy father ? Yes, but I
was so ill that I could not leave my room. Last week
I was twice in the theatre the first time {vez) it pleased
me much but the second time that I was (there) I remained only an hour (there). Wast thou not in Berlin
last year P Yes, I was there.
Where will you be this
father
;
;
We
afternoon P
shall be all together in the larger hall.
Will my brother-in-law and my sister-in-law (cuñada) be
Yes, I know one who will not be (there),
there also ?
and that am I, Although my brother is idle all day long,
nevertheless ho gets on better than I.
If I were armed,
I would go against these thieves and kill them without
I
mei-cy.
If
were iU, I should send for the physician who
attended thee last year. It is not necessary that they all
are (siibj.) present. If my book were bound, it would be
worth much more.
¡VlETnOB OF
LEAEKINO
66.
TABLE OF THE THREE CONJUGATIONS.
THE BPAKISn LANGUAGB.
Amabas,
63
64
METHOD OP LEABNINO
THE SPANISH LANGUAGB.
65
Amnvas,
vendieras,
unierae,
Amara,
Amaramos,
vendiera,
uniera,
vendiéramos,
unieramo
Amarais,
vendierais,
unierais,
Amaran,
vendieran.
Condicional Simple.
d.
/ should
/ should
love.
Amaría,
Amarías,
Amaría,
sell.
unieran.
II.
/ should
vendería,
venderías,
Amaríamos,
unite.
unirla,
unirías,
venderias,
unirla,
venderíamos,
uniríamos,
Amaríais,
venderíais,
uniríais,
Amarían,
venderian.
unirían.
e.
Pretérito Perfecto.
/ maj/ have
loved,
sold,
united.
Haya
amado,
vendido,
unido.
f.
I mif/ht have
g.
have
Hubiera,
^^'
Habría,
\
Condicional
\\.
/
should love.
unido.
vendido,
Compuesto.
united.
sold,
loved,
amado,
united.
sold.
loved.
amado,
Hubiese
I ahould
Phtscuauperfecfo.
unido.
vendido,
Futuro Simple.
1 shoidd
sell,
I should
unite.
Amare,
vendiere,
uniere,
Amares,
Amare,
vendieres,
unieres,
vendiere,
uniere,
P 2
MKTHOB OF LKIUN [NO
66
Amaremos,
vendiéremos,
Amareis,
vendiereis,
uniereis,
Amaren,
vendieren,
unieren.
i-
r should
have
Hubiere
uniéremos,
Futuro Comjmesto.
loved,
sold,
amado.
vendido,
united.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE THREE CONJUGATIONS.
I. Many verbs,
though otherwise quite regular,
change their radical vowel in certain tenses and moods.
In the 1st and 2nd conjugations, many verbs,
having iin e or o as their radical vowel, change this o into
and
ve,
the e into ie, whenever these vowels bear the
accent, i.e. in all the three persons of the singular, and
the 3rd pers, plur. of the indicative and subjunctive of
the present tense, and in the 2nd and 3rd pers. sing,
and 3rd pers. plur. of the imperative, b. In the 3rd
conjugation many verbs, having an e as their radical
vowel, change this e
1. into ie in the 1st, 2nd, and
3rd pers. sing., and 3rd pers. plur. of the indicative
a.
—
and subjunctive of the present tense, and in the 2nd
and 3rd pers. sing, and 3rd pers. plural of the imperative.
tive
2.
;
into
in the
i
in the
2nd and 3rd
]
st.
pers. plur. of the impera-
pers. plur. of the subjunctive of
the present tense, in the 3rd pers. sing, and plur. of the
definite perfect, throughout the subjunctives of the definite perfect
and simple
future, in the simple conditional
ending in »•«, and lastly, in the gerund. Other verbs
with the radical vowel e change this e into i in the 1st,
2nd, and 3rd person sing., and 3rd. pers. phir., of tlie
pres. indie, in the 3rd pers. sing, and plur. of the defin, perf. indie, in the 2nd and 3rd pers. sing., and
let and 3rd pers. plur of the imperative, thmu^hout
THE SPANISn LAKGUAOE,
67
subjunctives of the present, defin. perf. (or preter.
future imperf. and simple conditional ending
and lastly in the gerund,
c.
The two verbs,
morir, to die, and dormir, to sleep, change their o into
ue in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd pers, sing, and 3rd pers,
ilie
defin.)
in ra,
and subj., and in the 2nd and
3rd pers. sing, and 3id pers. plur. of the imperative
and into ti in the 3rd pers. sing, and plur. of the defin.
perf., and 1st pers. plur. of the imperative, in the Ist
and 2nd pers. plur. of the pres. subjunct. throughout
plur. of the pres. indie,
the subjunctives of the defin. perf. (or preter. defin.)
simple future and simple conditional ending in ra, and
in the gerund.
The past
participle of morir is muerto.
conjugation the verbs ending in gar,
or car change the g into gii, and the c into qu, always
before the vowel e.
Verbs ending in zar, ov jar change
the z into c, and the^" into g, always before the vowel e.
III. In the second conjugation, tlie verbs ending in
acer, ecer, and ocer change the c into zc always before
Verbs ending in cer, having a conthe vowels a and o.
sonant before this final syllable, change the c into z
always before the vowels a and o.
Verbs ending in gsr
change the g iutoy before the same vowels. The verbs
ending in aer, eer, and oer take a y instead of an i,
whenever, by way of conjugating, an i would stand beII.
In the
first
tween two vowels.
IV. In the third conjugation the verbs ending in ticir,
change the c into z always before the vowels a and o.
Those ending in gir change the g into^, and those ending in cir having a consonant before that syllable,change
the c into z, likewise before the vowels a and o. In the
same case the verbs ending in guir change the qu into
c, while those ending in guir only drop the ?i.
Verbs
ending in giiir or qiiir change in all those cases where an
i would come to stand between two vowels, the i into g.
Y. It has been observed already, that the past pnrli-
HLTUOD
,':c
Oi'
LEAEKIJSÜ
remains unchanged when used in connexion witli
but when used with the verbs tener, ser,
and estar, it must agree with the noun to which it belongs, in gender and number.
VI. The Passive is formed iu Spanish in the same
picle
the verb haher
;
•way as in EiigUsh, viz,
by means of the verb
(see the preceding note)
;
but when the verb
ser, to be,
is
used in
the 3rd pers. sing, or pUiral, the passive may be expressed by means of the active voice and the pronoun
se, e.g. se
dice, it is
said.
also be used to render the
This form of speech
EngUsh
one, or
may
they, in Buch
phrases aa they say.
Gentío, crou-J.
Ila habiilo, ihcre has hccn.
Jugar, to play.
Persuailido, convinced.
Olvidai', to forget.
El parage,
Querer, to be willing.
Entrar, to enter.
ConTeniente, convenient.
El incendio, the fire.
Destruyó, destroyed.
El suegro, the father'in-law.
Aconsejar, to advise.
Oir, to hear.
Esperar, to ivait, expect.
Hallar, to look for,
La
pieza, the piece.
En
general, generally.
Aplaudir, to applaud.
lia, how long is it.
entrada, the entrance.
the place.
Levantarse, to get up.
El perezoso, the idler.
Cuanto
La
La
utilidad, the usefulness.
mundo
muy
poca utilidad.
pero también
han jugado una hermosísima pieza, y ha sido en general
muy aplaudida. ¿Cuanto há que Vra. no ha venido
á mi casa 1
Ya Vm. habrá olvidado la entrada de ella.
Hay allí uno, á quien no le conozco, aunque me parece
Levántate, perezoso
haberle visto en algún parage.
ya es de dia. Era muy temprano cuando oimos este
ruido y estoy persuadido que no era otra cosa sino el
perro que olvidamos en el pí»t'o y que sin duda queria
Tlay
¡
Qué
hombres en
el
de
gentio que ha habido cu el teatro
¡
!
!
TUE SPANISU LANGUAGE.
entrar.
Ha
sido conveniente hacerlo
asi.
69
Pronto {soon)
habrá ocho años que el gran incendio destruyó parte de
la ciudad de Hamburgo.
Su suegro ha tenido la desgracia de hacer una grande pérdida.
Su hermano de
Vmd. me ha aconsejado de esperar aun algún tiempo.
Yct, sin embargo.
To recognize, reconocer.
To ask, preguntar.
The road, el camino.
To learn, aprender.
lo understand, coniprehcnder.
To pay a visit, hacer la visita.
tengo que.
J must,
About, cerca de.
ruego.
Since an hour, una hora há.
To wait for, aguardar.
The glass, el vaso.
The pleasure, el gusto.
The anxiety, la ansia.
To fatter, lisonjear.
To take, tomar.
To settle, arreglar.
Tí>c!/,
To
set out, partir.
(hace) already a year, that I had not seen him, and
yet I recognized him directly when I saw him. There is
From here to that town it is
a man who asks after ypu.
It
is
twenty miles. They say that there have been many
It is three years that my
thieves formerly on that road.
mother died. Is there still wine in the bottle ? Yes, there
I have had the honour to
are about two glasses in it.
had the pleasure to find (that)
speak to his uncle.
what we were cooking for with so much anxiety. God
has made us to love hüu, and not to understand him. 1
have forgotten to pay a visit to your father, who has invited me several times. To-morrow I must depart for
Vienna. I beg you to tell your master that I am waiting
for him (/e) since an hour, and that I have no more time
flatter ourselves to see you this afterto wait for him.
noon in our house. I must write many" letters. I shall
take care to settle all my affairs before {antes de) setting
out for Ajncrica.
(hai/)
We
We
METHOD OF LEARNING
70
69.
Diestro, clever.
Volver,
Echar,
to be mistaken.
Engañarse,
Pensar, to think.
Beber, to drink.
Trabajar, to work.
Entender, to understand.
Tardar, to hesitate.
Dar,
Prestar,
La
to attack.
destreza, the
Derrotar,
skill.
Numeroso,
the boldness.
mcmerom.
Prosperidad, prosperitg.
able.
Las tropas,
Vm.
a,
Zeloso, envious.
to defeat,
Pudiendo, being
to beg.
to lend.
Rendirse, to surrender {one's- self).
Traspasar, to pierce.
La estocada, the stab with a sword.
Desdichado, unfortunate.
Luego, immediately.
Embestir,
m
Suplicar,
the attach
El denuedo,
throw.
a low voice.
Reunido, assembled.
Bajo,
to give.
El ataque,
return.
to
to
Temer, tafear.
Despertar, to awaken.
the troops.
mas diestro que mi hermano, pero Vm.
Este hombre no piensa que en comer y
cree ser
Be engaña.
de trabajar no lo entiende. Volviendo k casa
tuve el gusto de hallar á su hermano de Vm, en ella.
Temiendo
Diciendo estas palabras se echó k sus pies.
Estando
despertar á Vm. hemos hablado muy bajo.
reunidas todas las tropas no tardó el general en dar el
ataque al enemigo y luego le embistió con tanta destreza
y denuedo que al instante le derrotó. Hablando se
aprende hablar.
El general no cpieriendo rendirse fu¿
traspasado de una estocada.
No pudiendo salir hoy le
Tenga
suplico á Vm. me preste algunos libros buenos.
Vm. piedad de un desdichado que tiene ima familia numerosa y ningún medio para mantenerla. No sea Vm.
zeloso de la prosperidad de otro. Ten este libro y llévale
beljcr, este
4 casa.
70.
Goinp, yendo;
To meet, encontrar.
To begin, empezar.
To rain, llover.
To return, volverse.
UatüJ-r-
anresuradament
Never, nunca.
Industrious, laborioso.
IFant, la indigencia
Humane, humano.
To vanquish, vencer,
p^,. -lar-ing, persevernr.tp.
fHB SPANISH LABaC-AQE.
/ shall
The rigour,
ie able, podre.
Patience, la paciencia.
To gam,
lograr.
To, towards, para con.
To undertake, emprender.
Then, entonces.
To overcome, superar.
The obstacle, el obstáculo.
To punish, castigar.
The miscreant, el malvado.
71
el rigor.
Atrocious, atroz.
The crime, el delito.
To deserve, merecer.
Towards, hacia.
Well, bien.
The Romans, los Romanos.
To abandon, abandonar.
To become acquainted with, conocer.
My
Going to eliiircb, I met your cousins (fern.)
sister,
seeing that it began to rain, returned home hastily. Being
I shall not be able to go to the ball. Let us have paLet us be just to all.
tience ; with that, one gains all.
Let us be industrious, and we shall never be in want. Be
content with that which thou hast, and thou wilt be happy.
Let us be humane towards the vanquished, if we wish
that they also be so some day towards us.
Be diligent
and persevering in that which you undertake, and then
you will overcome the greatest obstacles. Let these miscreants be punished with the whole rigour of the law
I shall write
their atrocious crimes have well deserved it.
him a letter. Let us iliid the lost. Both died on one day.
When the .Romans became acquainted with the usefuli;es3
of the Spanish swords, they abandoned their (own).
ill,
'
!
/I.
Por mas, however much.
Amontonar, to accumulate
Pasar por, to pass by.
Hizo, he made.
Alegar,
La
Creer,
to allege.
Capaz, capable.
Voluntad,
tvill.
Enfadar,
Cometer, to commit.
Maldad, ivichedncm.
to
require, to
Gastafj to (xpc.nd.
to
vex.
the contents.
El contenido,
Obrar, to act.
La prudencia, prudvme.
EI valor, courage, bravery.
Necesitar,
seña, the sign.
Recibir, to receive.
Enviar, to send.
Abrir, to open.
to bclU've.
want,
La
cuenta, the account.
El mttul, the metal.
Luego,
directly.
líeediñcar, to rebuild.
üan Pablo,
St. Paul.
METHOD or LEAUNINQ
72
Por mas riquezas que amontones, nunca serás dichoso.
Por muchas disculpas que alegue, no le creo, pues es
tan capaz de engañar
como
cualquier otro.
Yo
lo qui-
pero con la mejor voluntad no lo puedo.
Sea
quien quiera que cometa tal maldad, le castigaré como
El general obró con tanta prudencia como
¿I merece.
valor.
Un rico necesita en un dia mas de lo que Vm.
Yo te ruego me digas quien es el que
gasta en un año.
Pasándome por la casa de mi amigo laestaba aqui.
zóme seña para que entrase. Si recibo cartas para ellas
No quería escribírtelo para
se las enviaré sin abrirlas.
no enfadarte. ¿ Ha leido Vm. todo el contenido de la
Vni.
Si, luego le daré á
cuenta de él. Dicen
carta ?
Sí, mucho de este metal
que hay oro en las Indias.
Estáte quieto, muchacho, que luego
se halla en ellas.
Recibí una carta de Vm.
Hace
vendrá el médico.
mas que cien años que reedificaron la iglesia de San
Pablo.
siera,
72.
To leave, dejar.
The treasure, el tesoro.
Ani/ longer, mas.
The fortress, la fovtakza.
To excite, excitar.
The admiration, la admiración.
Nature, la naturaleza.
Compassionate, compadeciente.
In order that, afin que.
Illustrious, ilustre.
The
intrepidittj, la intrepidez.
We
ate all that
l'he colonel, el coronel.
The
being, el ser.
Veneration, veneración.
table, and the vest
M'ished (quisierri) that
to visit me.
do
was {hahia) ou the
we threw through the window. 1
you came ( Vm. viniese) every day
We
know that which we wisli. Nature has made
a compassionate being, in order that he may
succour the unfortunate. I wislied to have his estate. To
him who would (quiera) give me ten dollars, I shall give
this book.
I have received some money from my father,
and I hope that after (en) some time he will send me yet
more. Such and so many are the reasons which have
not always
(of)
man
TUÜ
Bl'iUilSH
LANÜUAGJi.
73
made me
leave the town, that for all the treasures of the
world I should not have remained any longer. The intrepidity of the soldiers at the gates (puerta) of the fortThe virtuous
ress excited the admiration of the colonels.
actions of (the) illustrious men excite our veneration.
73.
THE IKREGULAR VERBS.
—
Rem. The following list contains only those tenses and moods
which are formed differently from the regular three conjugations
only the first persons are given, whenever the endings
of the remaining persons are the same as those of the regular
;
verbs.
A. VfiUBS
BELONGING TO THE FlBST CONJUGATION.
a.
I.
Andar, to go,
Definite Perfect.
1.
Indicative.
Anduve, I went.
Anduvimos.
Anduviste,
Anduvisteis,
Anduvi«?ron.
Anduvo,
2. Subjunctive.
Anduviese, anduvieses, &c.
II.
Subjunctive of the Future.
Anduviere, anduvieres, &c.
III. Simple Conditional.
Anduviera, andu»'pra8, &c.
MJixnoD or leauniko
74
b. Dar, to give.
I.
Doy,
Indicative of the Present.
(I give), das, da,
II.
Ind.
Subj.
damos,
dais,
dan.
Bejinite Perfect.
DÍ, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron.
Diese, dieses, &c.
III.
SuhjunctivQ of the Future.
Diere, dieres, &c.
IV. Simple Co: ditionul.
Diera, dieras, &c.
THE BPANIsn LANGUAGE.
Indic.
Subj.
b.
Caer, to fall.
I.
Present Jense.
Caygo, caes, cae, caemos, &c.
Cayga, caygas, cayga, &c.
II.
Cae, cayga
;
c.
Subj.
Hacer, to make, to do.
Subj.
Present Tense.
Hago, haces, hace, hacemos, &c.
Haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, &c,
Definite Perfect.
II.
Indic.
Hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, &c.
Hiciese, hicieses, &c.
III.
Indic.
Subj.
Imperative.
caygamos, caed, caygan.
I.
Indic.
75
Future Tense.
Haré, harás, hará, haremos, &c.
Hiciere, hicieres, &c.
IV. Simple Conditionals.
1
Hiciera, hicieras, &c.
2.
Haria, liarias, &c.
V. Imperative.
Haz, haga, hagamos, haced, hagan,
Poder, to be able.
d.
I.
Indio.
Subj.
Present Tense.
Puedo, puedes, &c.
Pueda, puedas, &c.
II.
Definite Perfect.
Pude, pudiste- pudo, pudimos
Pudiese, &c.
ííí«
METHOD OF LEAEKINC
76
III. Future Tense.
Indie.
Subj.
Podr¿, podrás, &c.
Pudiere, pudieres, &c.
IV. Simple Conditionah1,
2.
Pudiera, pudieras, &c.
Podria, podrias, &c.
V. Gerund.
Pudiendo.
Indie.
Suhj.
e.
Poner, to put.
I.
Present Tense.
Pongo, pones, &c.
Ponga, pongas, &c.
II.
Indie.
Subj.
Definite Perfect.
Puse, pusiste, puso, &c.
Pusiese, pusieses, &c.
III. Future Tense.
Indic.
Subj.
Pondré, pondrás, &c.
Pusiere, pusieres, &c.
IV. SÍ7nple Condilionalt,
1
Pusiera, &c.
2.
Pondría, &c.
V. Imperative.
Pon, ponga, pongamos, poned, pongftü,
VI. Participle.
Puesto.
SPANISH LANGUAGE.
rkí,
f.
Querer, to desire.
Present Tense.
I.
Indic.
Suhj.
Quiero, quieres, quiere, queremoB, queréis,
quieren.
Quiera, quieras, &c.
Definite Perfect.
II.
Iridic.
SubJ,
Quise, quisiste, quiso, &c,
Quisiese, &c.
III.
Indic.
Subj.
Future Teme.
Querré, querrás, &c.
Quisiere, quisieres, &c.
IV. Simple Conditionals.
1.
Quisiera, &c.
2.
Querría, &c.
V. Imperative.
Quiere, quiera, queramos, quered, quieran
g.
I.
Indic.
SufjJ.
Subj.
Sepa, sepas, &c.
Suhj.
Definite Perfect.
Supe, supiste, &c.
Supiese, supieses, &c.
III.
Indic.
Present Tense.
Sé, sabes, sabe, &c.
II.
Indic.
Saber, to know.
Future Tense.
Sabré, &c.
Supiere, &c.
o3
METHOD OF LEAENINO
i
IV. Simple ConditionaU.
1.
•/.
Supiera, &c.
Sabria, &c.
V. Imperative.
Sabe, sepa, sepamos, sabed, sepan.
h. Traer, to carry, to bring.
I.
Indic.
Subj.
Present Tense.
Traygo, traes, trae, traemos, &í
Trayga, traygas, &c.
Definite Perfect.
lí.
Indic.
Traje, trajiste, &c.
Subj.
Trajese, &c.
fll.
Subjunctive of the Future.
Trajere, &c.
IV. Simple Conditional.
I.
Trajera, &c.
V. hiperative.
Trae, trayga, traygamos, traed, trayjjur
i.
Valer, to be tvorth.
I.
Iridic.
Subj.
Present Tense.
Valgo, vales, vale, &c.
Valga, valgas, &c.
11.
Indicative of the Future.
Valdré, valdrás, &c.
III.
Simple Conditional,
Valdria, valdria?, Sic
II.
THE SPANISH
LAlíGDAGí:.
IV. Imperative.
Vale, valga, valgamos, valed, valgan.
k. Ver, to see.
Present Tense.
I.
Veo, ves, &c.
Vea, veas, &c.
Tndic.
Subj.
II.
Imperfect Teme.
Veía (or via), veías (or vias), &c.
III
ndic.
Bejlnite Perfect.
Vi, viste, vio, &c.
Viese, &c.
Suhj.
IV. Imperative.
Ve, vea, veamos, ved, vean.
V. Past Partiájtle.
Visto.
75.
C.
Veebs belonging to the Thibd Conjugation
a.
I.
Indie.
Suhj.
Asir, to grasp,
Present Tense.
Asgo, ases, ase, &c.
Asga, asga*, &c.
II.
Imperative.
Ase, asga, asgamos, asid, asgau.
METHOD OF LEAENtKO
80
b. Decir, to say.
Present Tense,
I.
Indie.
Suhj.
Digo, dices, dice, &c.
Diga, digas, &c.
Definite Perfect.
II,
Indie.
Subj.
Dije, dijiste, &c.
Dijese, dijeses, &c.
III.
Indie.
Subj.
Future Tense.
Diré, dirás, &c.
Dijere, &c.
Simple Conditionals.
IV.
1.
Dijera, &c.
2.
Diría, &c.
V. Imperative.
Di, diga, digamos, decid, digan.
VI.
Gerund and
c.
I.
Indie.
Suhj.
Subj.
Ducir, to lead.
Present Tense.
Duzco, duces, duce, ducimos, he.
Duzca, duzcas, &c.
II.
Indie.
Participle.
Past Part. Dicho
Cer. Diciendo.
Definite Perfect.
Duje, dujiste, &c.
Dnjese, dujeses, &c.
III. Subjunctive
Dujerc, dujercs, &c.
(f the Future,
TUE SPANISH LANGUAOJÍ.
IV. Simple Conditional.
81
I.
Dujera, dujeras, &c.
V, Imperative.
Duce/ duzca, duzcamos, ducid, duzcan.
d.
This verb
is
Lucir, to shine.
conjugated in the same manner as ducir.
e.
Indie.
Subj.
Ir, to
go.
Present Tense.
I.
Voy, vas, va, vamos,
Vaya, vayas, &c.
vais, van.
Imperfect Tense.
II.
Iba, ibas, iba, Íbamos, ibais, iban.
III.
Indie.
Snhj.
Definite Perfect.
Fui, fuiste, fué, fuimos, fuisteis, fuérou.
Fuese, fueses, &c.
IV. Future Tense.
Indic,
Subj.
Iré, irás, &c.
Fuere, fueres, &c.
V. Simple Conditionals»
1.
2.
Fuera, &c,
Iría, &c.
VI. Imperative.
Ve, vaya, vayamos, (vamos),
VII.
Gerund and Past
Ger. yendo
id,
vayan.
Participle.
Past Part.
ido.
82
METHOD OP LEAENINO
THE SPANISH LAyOFAGE.
ill.
ndic.
Subj.
83
Future Tense.
Vendré, &c.
Viniere,
&c
IV. Simple Conditionals,
1.
2.
Viniera, &c.
Vendria, &c.
V. Jinperatice.
Ven, venga, vengamos, venid, vengan.
VI. Gerund.
Viniendo.
70.
Hacerse, to become.
Sentir, to feel.
Dispuesto, disposed.
Todavia, still.
Exigir, to
Preciso, precise.
Acordarse de, to remember.
Caber, to be able to contain.
Figurarse, to imagine.
Costar, to cost.
El
demand.
El acreedor, the creditor.
Escuchar, to listen to.
Cantar, to simj.
espierto, awake.
Acostarse, to yo to bed.
Los
cabellos, the hair.
ojo, the eye.
Doy cinco duros por este trabajo. Mi padre tiene
ya los cabellos blancos. Tu hermana tiene los ojos ne-
Como
me
siento muy bien disde decirme, qué hora
es ?
Quisiera saber la hora
Todavia es temprano
precisa.
Han dado las tres. Sobre todo quiero accordarme de lo que me dijiste. Esta talega cabe mas dii:ero de lo que Vm. pueda figurárselo.
Esta casa cuesta
mas dinero de lo que se habia creido. El hermano
menor quiere hacerse soldado. Cuanto menos dinero
tengo, tanto menos pueden exigir de mi ios acreedores.
Ella te ve todos los dias y tú no la ves nunca.
Escúchenme Vms. que voy á antar. ¿ Adonde está tu amo ?
gros.
puesto.
¿
está Vm. ?
Hágame Vm. el
o
fa or
METHOD OF IEAENHTO
84
¿Duerme todavía? No, Señor, ya está despierto. Ano»
che me acosté tan tarde que no he podido levantarme
temprano.
Si Vm. viere á mis hermanos, dígales Vra,
Que los estoy esperando.
n.
The advantage,
la ventaja.
Far, lejos.
Amicably, araigableinente.
Tlie tradesman, el comerciante.
Worthy of belief, fidedigno.
Poor, pobre.
To
To buy, comprar.
deal of money, un dineral.
The distress, difficulty, el aprieto.
To hasten, apresurar.
To pardon, perdonar.
The trouble, el trabajo.
A
aid, socorrer.
The general has obtained great advantages over the
enemy through his valour and skill. He lives a little far
from the town. I am sure of that which I say. The bad
mau deserves a hard punishment. 1 knew very well
tliat thy uncle would arrive to day.
He has treated me
very amicably. Thou sayest that this tradesman is very
but I have heard say, and I have d from aman worthy of belief, that he is very poor {paupérrimo).
Tho
least thing that I wish to buy costs me a great deal of
money.
If thou shouldst see my brothers there, tell
them that táey may expect me. He has everything with
him that we may want for the journey. "When I knew
that thou wast in distress I hastened to aid thee. Tell
thy master that I shall send him the coach. Let us go
for a walk in our garden which our father has bought of
thy uncle. I beg you, pardon me the trouble which I have
given you. Tell me are they your sons who walk (go)
there ? I (should) wish that you came every day to visit
rich
;
me.
Quemar,
to
bum.
El encargo, the cotnmission.
Acudir, to assist.
El premio, the reward.
El esfuerzo, the effort.
El momento, the moment.
Desempeñar,
Leer, to read.
io
perform
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE,
Instruido, instructed.
EI pan, the bread.
El banquero, the banJcer.
Prosperar, to prosper.
Rem.
—
Volver, followed
85
Lograr, to obtain.
El intento, the intentiotis
Cansado, a, tired.
Irse, to retire.
by a verb in the
infinitive,
preceded by
the preposition o, serves to render the English adverb again.
Todos veian quemar
y ninguno quiso
la casa
acudir.
Quienquiera que sea hazle entrar. Cualquiera que sea
que haya hecho esto merece un premio. Quienquiera
que quisiese hacer esto no acertará con ello. Luego que
hubo desempeñado los encargos del rey se volvió á su
Tuvimos que hacer tantos esfuerzos
casa de campo.
que por un momento creí que no saldríamos del aprieto.
¿Crees tú que aun tendremos la dicha de volverle á ver?
Si mi hermano leyese buenos libros fuera mas instruido
de lo que es.
Aunque sean á veces los malos que prosperan, no crea Vm. sin embargo que sean felices.
Sea
como quiera yo lograré mi intento, estoy ya cierto de
Si este pobre tuviera su pan de cada dia aseguello.
rado, seria mas dichoso que el mas rico banquero.
Mis
primas estaban tan cansadas cuando vinieron del paseo
que luego que llegaron se fueron á acostarse y duruiiéron hasta muy tarde en la mañana.
79.
To
suffer, padecer.
According
Pity, lástima.
The
illness, la
.
The environs,
enfermedad
los alrededores.
to,
The peasant,
según.
aldeano.
el
Danperous, peligroso.
Sad,
To catch cold, resfriarse
The lie, la mentira.
The splendour, el primor.
The mountain, la montaña
Low, bajo, a.
To ascend, subir.
To guess, adivinar.
The subject, el asunto.
To propose, proponer.
The seraglio, el serrallo.
To load, cargar.
Cumbrous, pesado.
The
The fetters,
tqpy la cima.
triste.
los hierror.
METUÜI)
86
The sigh, el suspiro.
To use, soler.
The slave, el esclavo.
01'
LKAKNINa
The suspicion, la sospecha.
The tear, la lágrima.
Mean, mezquino.
If any one knew how much I suffer, he would have pify
on (de) me. They say that many have died of this illness,
and that it is very dangerous if one catches cold. All that
(cuanto) he said was (a) lie. You have not seen my palace
you cannot imagine with what (a) splendour it is adorned.
If this mountain were a little lower, I should ascend (it)
;
to the top, to see all the environs, which, according to
the peasants, must be very beautiful. This man is so sad
that I cannot guess what has {Jiahrd) happened to him.
Since we are all together, let us speak of the subject which
you proposed to me yesterday. According to the laws
of the land, both deserved death.
What has happened ?
At this hour, at this same hour, it is now six years, the
unhappy Marsilla departed from his country never to return. I saw him in the garden of the seraglio, loaded with
till
cumbrous fetters, and heard his sighs. Why sighest thou ?
I used to say to him. I am (a) slave, he answered me always. Thou art mistaken in thy mean suspicions.
80.
Los conocimientos, the accomplishmenls.
Recomendar,
Astuto,
a,
to
recommend.
cunning.
El reino, the kingdom.
Kehusar, to refuse.
Servir, to serve.
Deber, to be obliged, ought.
La cnstodia, the custody.
La raaznioria, the dungeon.
La alcabaza, the fortress.
La fuerza, the strength.
Inferir, to infer.
Profundo, a, deep.
Buscar, to seek.
Retirarse,
to retire.
Vestir, to dress.
Juzgar, to judge, think.
La seguridad, the security, safety. Calmar, to calm..
Procurar, to try.
Ignorado, ignored.
Agitación, agitation.
Bajo, under.
serán los conocimientos que tiene que recomen
á este joven sino los amigos que se ha hecho en la
No creaVm. sea mi hermano el mas astuto de
ciudad.
SinoSeria uu disparate quererle escribir.
todos.
No
daríin
THE SPANISH LAJíGUAGE.
87
fiotros fuéramos franceses, nos pondrían en prisión, esRehusas
tando en guerra con el reino de Francia.
servirme ? Ya sabes tú que no puedo rehusarlo. Debes
obedecerme. Asi lo he hecho y asi lo haré.
¿ Juzgas
R^imiro se
que he descuidado nuestra seguridad?
hallará aqui tan ignorado como cuando yacía {lay)
bajo tu custodia en la mazmorra mas profunda de la
alcazaba.
De esto infiero que es mas rico en fuerzas
que en oro. Poco es lo que yo os podre' decir. Hacedme merced de tomar silla. Idle á buscar, yo también
Por Dios que me lo digáis. Requiero preguntarle.
tiraos, vestios y procurad calmar vuestra agitación.
;,
Rp-M.—
.1.
The
final
¿of the 2nd
pers. plur. of the imperative ia
dropped when the pronoun os, yourself, or yourselves, is affixed.
2. The verb ir, with the proposition á and infinitive mood, expresses disposition towards.
81.
The hope, la esperanza.
To frustrate, burlar.
The gratitude, la gratitud.
Kind, cordial.
The reception, el obsequio.
To thank for, agradecer.
To remain, permanecer.
To expire, espirar.
To enjoy, gozar.
The appearanee, el semblante.
The sight, la vista.
To respect, respetar.
The title, reason, el título.
To oblige, obligar.
To yield, ceder.
To hinder, impedir.
To rid one's self of, deshacerse
The rival, el rival.
To permit, permitir.
The end el fin.
Indiscretion, imprudencia.
To mingle, mezclar.
To depart, separarse.
de.
The effect, el efecto.
To vent ones grief, desahogarse.
The bosom, el seno.
To suspect, sospechar.
To deceive, engañar.
To remain, quedar.
mo
thyself that if he did remain there (for)
two days he would expire. Don Pedro, I have to speak
to you ifix'st. He has enjoyed very little health this year his
appearance will tell it you at (á) first sight. I am obliged
Do jou think
to respect you for more than out reasou.
Thou
toldesfc
;
METHOD or LEAENINO
88
would oblige me to yield? You are mistaken.
Who would hinder me to rid myself of my rival P Must
I (liahia de) permit that at the end of six years my hopes
remain frustrated ? The gratitude for the kind reception
which I have found in your house did not permit me to
Miglit one know,
leave it without thanking you for it.
without indiscretion, whence you come from ? How long
See the effect of my
is it that you departed from him P
indiscretion.
Come, I shall mingle my tears -with yours
vent your grief in my bosom. Everything makes me sus«
that this
;
pect that
(si)
he has (habrá) deceived
us.,
82.
Prohibir,
to
El regimiento,
Suponer,
to suppose.
La
El lado,
El capellán, ihe chaplain.
the regiment.
guarnición, the garrison.
Distante, distant.
I,a función, the feast.
Criticar, to criti-isc.
hinder.
the side.
Verificar, to realize.
La
respuesta, the answer.
El
oficial, the officer.
Enfurecido, enraged.
Añadir, to add.
Alterarse, to finch.
El derecho, the right.
La dama, the lady.
El compañero, the companion.
Distinguido, distinguished.
Echar á reír, to fall to laughing.
El pariente, the relation.
El charlatan, the charlatan,gHack.GortAr, to cut off.
Severo, a, severe.
La crueldad, the sharpness.
La conducta, the conduct.
Proferir, to utter.
La
Estravagante, extravagant.
Inmediato, a, near, close.
El adversario,
La
insolencia, the insolence.
El bofetón, the box on ihe
La
distancia, the distance.
ear.
disputa, the dispute.
éo appease.
the adversary.
Sosegar,
Evitar, to avoid.
La consecuencia, the consequence.
La huida, the escape.
El estado, the profession.
El capellán de un regimiento que estaba de guarnición en una ciudad de Inglaterra, poco distante de la
capital, estando comiendo un dia, en una función, criticó
con severa crueldad la conducta de una dama distinguida.
Un coronel que estaba sentado á la misma mesa, y paSeñor
riente de la señora, tomó la palabra y le dijo
charlatan, lo que Vm. acaba de proferir es muy estra»
:
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
89
yo estuviera mas inmediato á Vm. ya le hupero tenbiera castigado su insolencia con un bofetón
galo Vm. por recibido, pues solo lo impide la distancia
que nos separa. Señor coronel respondió el capellán,
mi estado me prohibe llevar espada, pero suponga
Vm. que estoy sentado á su lado, que he tomado la
del vecino y que con ella le he pasado el corazón, tengase Vm. por muerto de mi mano, supuesto que solo la
distancia que hay de uno á otro impide se verifique.
A
esta respuesta se levantó el oficial enfurecido, y el capellán, sin alterarse añadió que una vez que le habla
muerto, no tenia derecho de hablar.
Echáronse á reir
todos los compañeros, cortaron la disputa y mie'ntras
sosegaban al coronel, su adversario procuró evitar la«
consecuencias con su huida.
vagante y
si
;
METHOD OF LEAEIíINQ
90
PHEASE&
Buenos dias de Dios á Vm.
Buenas tardes de Dios á
Vm.
Buena noche tenga Vm.
rt
¿
Como está Vm. ?
Como Vm. se halla
lud
de sa-
Good day
to yo\».
Good evening to you.
{Have a) good flight.
How are you 1
How do you find yourself ?
?
Estoy bueno, para servir á
Ym.
No me
siento
puesto.
á
Doy gracias
¿ Como está
Vm.?
muy
bien dis-
I am
to serve
toell,
you.
1 do not find myself very
well.
I
Vm.
su hermano de
Está malo, según creo.
Está bueno, gracias á Dios.
Me alegro mucho.
Se alegrará ver á Vm.
tlianlc
Hoic
you,
your brother
is
?
He is ill, {as) I believe.
He is well, thanks to God.
I am very glad of that.
He will be glad to see you.
A Dios,
Señor.
Dios.
Ola, Señor
Quien está alli P
¿ Que
quiere ? ¿ Que desea ?
Vaya Vm. con
!
i
¿
Muy
buenos dias de Dios A
Holla, Sir
Who
!
there ?
tcant 1
is
Wiat
you
What
you wish ?
I loish you a good day.
do
do
Vm.
Perdone me Vm.
vengo á abrirle.
No
tan de priesa.
Luego
Pardon me,
sir.
I
shall
come directly to open
door) for you.
{T>o) not
{the
{bein)such a hurry.
THE SPANISH LANQUAGE.
Come
Entre Vni.
Vm.
sea bien venido
(a).
1
Yms. sean bien venidos
M.
¡
^
cs lo que veo !
por estas tierras P
;
zar con
¿ Vm.
y vengo á almor-
Vm.
welcome.
me
¿Con qué acostumbra Vm.
abnorzar
What
Yes,
do
and
I see !
I
you, here?
come
to
"break-
fast with you.
Está muy bien hecho y
da Vm. mucho gusto.
¿
Be
J
Que
Si señor
91
in, sir.
P
Vm. chocolate,
café con leche ó thé.
esto ; yo quisiera huevos estrellados y
Tomará
Nada de todo
una mantecada.
Pase adelante Vm.
Juan, da un? silla á este
Señor.
Biéntese Vm.
Suplico á Vm. se sirva de
tomar una silla,
me puedo detener, porque tengo que hacer una
tío
vista aqui cerca.
está muy de prisa.
That is very well done, and
you do me a great
favour.
do you usually Ireahfast ?
Will you take chocolate,
coffee with milk or tea ?
Nothing of all that ; Itcish
for some poached eggs and
buttered toast.
What
Come
nearer, sir.
John, give a chair to this
gentleman.
Sit down, sir.
Pray be pleased to take a
seat.
stay any longer, I
must pay a visit in this
I cannot
neighbourhood.
in a great hurry.
Vm.
You are
Presto volveré.
I shall return very soon.
I thank you very much for
Doy
infinitas
gracias de la
merced y honra que me
ha hecho.
Suplico á Vm.
el trabajo que
me perdone
le
he dado.
the favour
and honour you
have done me.
Pray pardon me the
I have given you.
trouble
METnOD OF LEAENlNa
92
i
Que
¿
Adonde quiere andar Vm.
Vm.
que hacer
tiene
TF/iat
have you
to
do heret
aquiP
?
Where
Quiero irme á la botica
comprar un par de gu-
I to ant
you go
will
?
to go into that shojo
buy a pair of gloves.
to
antes.
Ea
pues
;
vamonos
;
yo
le
seguiré.
Ya yo
estoy en orden ; vayase delante, yo le seguiré.
Vm.
Vm. P
Yo quisiera
Entre
¿
Que
quiere
you want
dos ó tres pares
de guantes.
por estos
¿ Cuanto quiere
guantes r
Medio escudo por el par.
Es mucho
es muy caro
no valen tanto.
;
;
Son demasiado baratos pero no quiero ganar con
;
I want
?
two or three pairs of
gloves.
Sow much
do you want for
these gloves ?
Half
a dollar for a pair.
That is much ; that is very
dear they are not worth
so much.
They are cheap enough, hut
I will not gain anything
:
from you.
Vra.
¿
¿
Wellyletus go, Ishallfolloxo
you.
already ready {to go);
please go first, I shall follólo you.
Please, enter.
What do
I am
Quiere
Vm.
Do you want
Cuanto
le
How much
otra cosa P
hé de dar poreste
espejo P
La guarnición sola vale dos
ducados.
Yo le volveré á ver por la
Vm.
será siempre bien venido.
Juan
!
ven aca
!
¿
adonde
anything else?
must I give you
for this mirror ?
The trimming alone is worth
two ducats.
To-morrow I shall come and
see you again.
You will always be welcome.
John
'
Come
here
!
where
jstás P
Sfñor? que manda
Vm.
?
Sir,
tohatdoyou command
i
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE.
Aqui
estoy,
8eñor
i
;
que
manda Vm. ?
¿
Sabes que hora es
Here I am, sir; what do you
command ?
Do you know what
P
o'clock it
is?
Discurro que no han dado
I
think, it has not yet struck
eight.
las oclio.
rt
What kind
Que tiempo hace ?
iiluere
;
hace mal tiempo.
El cielo se ha anublado y ya
empieza á llovinar.
El tiempo empieza á
oftceather is it 1
bad
is raining :
is
it
weather.
The sky is cloudy, and it begins already to drizzle.
The tveather begins to clear
up.
Then I must getup as quickly
as possible.
It seems to me that the wÍ7id
It
sere-
narse.
es preciso levantarme
cuanto antes.
parece que el viento, que
corre, es algo fresquito.
Pues
Me
which blows,
a
is
little
fresh.
golondrina no hace
verano.
vale un toma que dos
One swalloiü does not make
summer.
One take is worth more
te daré.
thantiüo 'I shall give you.
Books and menresemhle each
Una
Mas
Libros y hombres se igualen.
'
'
other.
Lo bueno
es siempre bueno.
Cada uno mira por sí.
Tales amos tales criados.
Like masters,
Los enemigos declarados son
menos peligrosos que los
falsos amigos.
Anduvo con
el
The good is always good.
Every one cares for himself.
Avowed
like
enemies
dangerous
men.
are less
fal»
than
friends.
He
tiempo.
accommodated himself
to the times.
Quien todo
lo quiere
todo
lo
pierde.
He who
wishes {to have)
loses everyeverything,
thing.
Las corteses palabras valen
mucho y cuestan poco.
Polite words are worth
and
cost little.
much
METHOD OP LEAENING
94
Cada uno se valga por si mismo.
Eso no me va ni me viene.
Ya no hay ninguna espe-
Every one may help himself
That does not concern me.
There is no hope left.
ranza.
Esto no os valdrá nada.
No vale la pena.
No me iría nada
El
tenia
darme ?
Quien selo
(j
The stm
sol sale (está saliendo).
Que
¿
That will he of no use to you.
It is not worth the trouble.
not care about that.
I should
en esto.
JFTiat
dijo esto ?
Who told you that?
He is besidehimself with joy.
Ño
cabe en si de gozo.
Los zapatos no me caben.
^Cao Vm. en lo que he
dicho
No
rises.
Vm. que man-
buen
juicio.
puedo caer en quien
es
That
incompatible toith
is
I
I am
calor.
Este vino sabe bien.
No estoy aoui para perder
tiempo.
Quieres que te diga versi
lam
not here
wish
me
to
my
lose
to tell
you
the truth 1
supiese de música
Would
!
¿
Vm. de música?
Gusta Vm. de chocolate ?
¿
Vm.
Entiende
es apasionado
ópera
No,
warm.
time.
Do you
music
¿
I am
cold.
The sun is setting.
This wijie tastes well.
dad?
O,
sense,
cannot remember who you
are.
Tengo frió. Tengo
El sol se pone.
1
?
boots do not Jit me.
understand what 1
have said ?
Vm.
j
me
The
common
No
to tell
Do you
?
cae eso en
have you
de
la
Do you
that
I
understOi^d
!
understand music
?
Do you like chocolate ?
Are youfond of the opera
i
?
señora, soy apasionado
de comedias.
vale ser pobre que ignorante.
mi se me habia olvidado.
Me duele la cabeza.
Mas
A
Les duelen los dientes.
No t(íngo que decir.
No, madam,
I am
fund of
comedies.
is better to be poor than
ignorant.
I had forgotten that.
I have the head-ache.
It
They have
I
the tooth-ache,
to say.
have nothing
THE SPANISH LANGUAGIC.
Su capacidad
es tal cual.
No
sabe Vm. nada de nuevo
que decirme ?
hay nada de nuevo.
Las fracetas han traido malas
¿
No
nuevas.
Estamos cansados de ir.
Antes que me determínese á
viniese.
Que de buena gana
hablaría
We are tired from walking.
He/ore I should resolve on
He permitted him to
Sow much I should
frío.
Hace
Mucho me pesa
come.
like to
speak Spanish.
español.
Ojalá que mí dicha hubiese
durado mas tiempo.
Hace
to
?
this.
Le permitió que
¡
me
tell
There are no news.
Theneivspapers havelrought
had news.
esto.
yo
95
capacity is middling.
Have you not any news
JL'ts
calor.
su desdicha.
that my happiness
lasted longer.
It is warm.
misfortune grieves me
Would
had
It
is cold.
Sis
much.
Mas
vale ayunar, que no enfermar.
Pongas eso en consideración,
Gracias por el favor de Vm.
It
Hasta
Down
is better to fast
than
to he
ill.
Take
this into consideration.
I thank you
for your kind'
ness.
la
edad do cincuenta
to the
age of fifty.
años.
Tiene su hermana
quince años.
sobre
Sis
sister is
years old.
about fifteen
06
ENGLISH INDEX.
27ie
A, 5
Members
refer to the Exerci&es, not to the Pages.
97
ENGLISH INDEX.
Dance, 51
Danger, 49
Uangerous, 79
Daughter, 6
Day, 23
Dead, 42
Deal of money, 77
Charlatan, 83
Charles, 27
Cheese, 46
Chest, little, 63
Chad, 14
Church, 38
Claas, 29
Clever, 62, 69
Dear, 21
Death, 47
Deceive, 81
Cloak, 31
Close, 82
Coach, 58
Cold, 17,25
Come,
December, 23
Deed, 27
S4,
31,
43,
64,75
Come
off,
Demand,
59
Comes, 54
Commanded,
41,
54
Commerce, 36
Commission, 78
Commit, 71
Companion, 82
Company, 57
Comparison, 45
Compassion, 60
Compassionate, 72
Complain, Sg
Concerns, 41, 42
Concert, 43
Condition, 52
Conduct, 82
Conquered, 63
Conscience, 60
Consequence, 82
Contain, 76
Contented, 35
Contents, 71
Convenient, 67
Convinced, 67
Coronet, 72
Cost, 76
Could, 55, 65
Country, 26
Courage, 48, 58, 71
Court, 37
Cousin, 12
Covet, 51
Creature, little, 32
Credit, 46
Creditor, 76
Crime, /O
Criticize, 82
Crowd, 67
Cumbrous, 79
Cunning, 80
Custody, 80
Cut, 34
Cut
off,
82
Deep, 80
Defeat, 69
Early, 85
Earth, 41
Fathers, 14
Fault, 52
Fear, 41, 64, Og
Feared, 54
Fears, 48
Feast, 82
Feel, 76
Fellow, big young;
Easy, 25
Kat, 41
Eaten, 12
Effect, 81
Effort, 78
Egyptians, 63
Elegant, 25
Embarrassed, 42
Empire, 63
Employment,
End, 81
Enemy, 29
31
England, 40
76
Demanded, 41
Demands, 60
English, 12
Enjoy, 81
Depart, 59, 81
Departed, 38, 59
54
Deserve, 70
Desirous, 43
Destroyed, 67
Destructive, 36
Died, 38, 39, 62, 65
Difference, 29
Difficult, 25
Difficulty, 77
Diligent, 2
Dined, 55
Dinner, 64
Enough,
Directly, 60, 71
Discharged, 33
Disposed, 76
Dispute, 82
Distance, 82
Distant, 82
51, 58
Enraged, 82
Enter, 67
Entered, 49
Enterprise, 54
Entrance, 67
Envious, 69
Environs, 79
Envy, 62
Equal, 41
Erred, 50, 62
Escape, 82
Estate, 44, 64
Eternal, 62
Eternity, 45
Every one, 51
Except, 64
Exchange, 48
Excite, 72
Excuse, 62
Distinguished, 82
Expect, 67
Distress, 11
Divers, 51
Expend,
"1
Expenses, 44
Experiences, 63
Do, 49, 64, 74
Dog, 10 big dog, Expire, 81
;
34
;
dog, 32 Expired, 48
little
Dollar, 8
Done, 27
Done
with, 51
Door, 14
Doubt,
64,
54
Dress, 47, 80
Drink, 69
Drinks, 35
Drowned, 43
Duchess, 29
Duke, 29
Dungeon, 80
Durable, 62
During, 52
Djitcb, 14
Exposed, 49
Extravagant, 82
Eye, 76
Face, little, 31
Tact, 39
Faithful, 23
Fall, 82, 74
False, 23
Fame, 44
Family, 52
Fnr, 77
Far from, 51
Father, 1
Father-in-law, 67
Fellow-creature, 59
Ferdinand, 27
FertUe, 25
Fetters, 79
Fever, 58, 60
Field, 25
Fig, 10
Fight, 34
Find, 57
Finish, 57
Finished. ^-^
Fire, 6/
First, 23, 39
Fit, 74
Flatter, 68
Flee, 59
Flight, 82
Flinch, 82
Flower, 4
Floiver, little, 31
Fly, 43
Followed;
Foot, 17
.;6
For, 44, 17, 38, 5S
Forced, 47
Foreign, 51
Forget, 67
Forgotten, 39
Fork, 27
Fortress, 72, 80
Found, 10
France, 23
Free, 48
French(
— man),
Friend, 8
From, 38
Fruit, 29
Frustrate, 81
Fulfil, 41
Full, 32
Gain, 58, 70
Gained, 52, 58
Garden, 4
Garden, little, 31
Gardener, 12
Garrison, 82
Gate, 38
Gave, 54
I
12
08
General, 25
ENGLISH INDEX.
ENQLISU; INDEX.
ílotner,
little,
32
Ours, 21
Mothers, 14
Overcome, 70
Mountain,
Overtaken, 41
Mouth,
25, 79
little,
31
Paid, 44
Mrs., 54
Much,
Professor, C
8, 53
Property, 51
Propose, 79
Prosper, /S
Prosperity, 69
Promised,
21,
36, 17,
I'ainter, 29
51
,
-, as,
51, 33
little,
32
Palace, 25
Paper, 50
Parasol, 42
Pardon, 77
Park, 43
Part, 39
Partridge, 33
Pass by, 71
Past, 23, 47
Patience, 70
Patron, 58
Prudence, 71
Prudent, 35
Public, 38
Pumpkin, 31
Parish, 70
Pupil, 6
Purpose, 58, 78
Purse, 43
Pursued, 41
Put, 43, 74
Quack, 82
Rich, 4, 63
Rich man, 33
Riches, 3G
Rid, 81
Right, 57 82
Rigour, 70
Ripe, 14,44
Rises, 57
Rival, 81
Road, 68
Robbed, 41
Robber, 41
Rogue, 4
Romans, 70
Room, 19
,
little,
Round,
19,
Sad,
79
Permit, 81
Peraervering, 7"
Rain, 70
Same,
Read, 6
Peter, 17
, to, 78
Ready, 6
Really, 48
Reason, 59, 81
Saturday, 23
Say, 54, 75
you, 49
they, 49
Perform, 79
Perhaps, 47, 58
Physician, 62
Piece, 67
Pierce, 69
I'ious, 25
Pistol shot, 33
Pity, 79
Place, 39, 67
Placed, 43
Plain, 39
Plan, 27
Play, 60, 67
Pleased, 65
Pleasure, 41, 63
Polite, 21
Rebuild, 71
Receive, 71
Received, C 6t
Reception, 81
Recognise, 63
Recommend, 80
Red, 31
Refuse, 80
Regiment, 82
Relation, 82
Religion, 60
Poor, 77
Post, 45
Postage, 45
Power, 36
Precious, 30
Precise, 76
Present, 8
Remain, 81
Remained, 51, 65
Remaining, 51
Remarkable, 44
Remedy, 47
—
Reputation, 57
Repute, 47
Require, 71
Respect, 81
Respectable, 63
.little, 31
,
adi., (i5
Pretty, 8
Prince, 27
Principal, 49
Prison, 38
Prisoner, 42
Private, 64
Prodigal, 35
Professiun, 2'J
Remember, 59, 76
Renowned, 25
Rest, 51
Retire, 80
Return, 69, 70
Reward, 78
Rewarded, 47
32
Rose, 14
Rough, 25
Quarter, 37, 55
Quartered, 64
Queen, 17
Question, 12
Quiet, 60
Paul, St., 7
Pear, 10
Peasant, 79
Pen, 10
49,
31
Safety, 80
Said, 41, 49
Salary, 41
41, 45. 51
•,
,
, imper.,
41
Scarcely, 55
School, 52
Sciences, 36
Seated, 31
Secondly, 39
Security, 80
See, 43, 44, 7
Seeing, 44
Seek, 80
Seen, 10
Sell, 66
Send, 71
for, 63
Sent, 8
back, .10
Separate, 82
Servant, 12, 79
Serve, 80
Set out, 68
Settle, 51, 63
Several, 33
Severe, 82
Sharpness, Qi
She, 19
Shelf, 43
Ship, 36
Shown, 46
Side, 82
100
Sigh, 79
ENGLISH INDEX.
101
SPANISH INDEX.
The Niimhers refer
k 8, 37, 40
Aorir, 71
Abuela, 19
Abuelo, 19
Abundante, 63
Acaba, 49
Acabado, 54
Acaban, 37
Acabar, 67
Acaso, 51
Acción, 27
Acertar, 54
Acordarse, 76
Acostarse, 76
Acreedor, 76
Acudir, 78
Acuerdo, 59
Adelanta, G5
Adelantado, 39
Adivinar, 79
Admiración, Tí
Admitirla, 63
Adornado, 31
Adversario, 82
Afin que, 72
A geno, 51
Agitación. 8n
Agradable, j J
Agua, 16
Aguardar, 68
Ahogaron, 43
Ahora, 57
Airado, 64
Al, 8
Alcanzado, 41
Alcazaba, 80
Aldeano, 79
Alegar, 7I
Alegría, 62
Alemán,
12
Alemania,
Igo, 61
4(j
to the Exercises, not to the Paijes
Alguien,51
102
Casa, 2
ÜPaNISH INDEX.
fiPANISII
INJDET.
Ceneraí, adj., 67'
Gentío, 67
Gloria, 44
Gobernador, 42
Gozar, 81
Grande, 23,29
Grano», 63
Gratitud, 81
Guante, 50
Guarnición, 82
Guerra, 36
Gusto, 68
Gustó, 65
Ha, 6, 47, 57
Há, 59, 68
Haber, 49,53
Habia, 27, 48
Habido, 49, 07
Hábil, 62
Hablando, 43
Hablar, 64
Hace, 51
Hacen, 62,64
Hacer, 49, 50, 6e
Hacerse, 79
Hacia, 70
Haciendas, 52
Hallado, 10
Hallar, 37
Han,
14
Haria, 65
Harto, 25, 51
Hasta, ?,8
Hay, 19
He de, 58
Hecho, 27, 30
Hermana,
1
Hermanita, 31
Hermanito, 32
Hermano, 1
Hermoso, 2
Héroe, 25
Hernando, 27
Hizo, 71
Hierro, 21
Hierros, 79
Higo, 10
Hija, 6
Hijo, 6
Historia, 23
Hoja, 60
HoUandes, 14
Hombrachon, 33
Hombre, 14
Hombrecillo, 31
HoD'''reiuclo. 31
Hombronazo, 31
103
BPANISH INDEX.
104
Malo, 23,29,^3
Malvado, 70
Muchoi, 17
Mandado, 5i
Mandamiento, 50
Muerto
Muger,
Jlanccita, 31
Mugercilla, 45
Mano,
Mundo, 27
39, 65
Mantener, 59
ManiJna, 10
Mañana, 37, 57
Muerte, 47
38, 42, 47
14
Murieron, 65
Murió, 39, «2
Muy, 21
Martes, 39
Nación, 48
21, 24,35,71, Nada,
41,51
72
Nadie, 42, 51
Matado, 3.1
Naturaleza, 72
Mataría, 6ri
Navio, 36
Máximo, 29
Necesidad, 47
Mayor, 29
Necesitar, 71
Mazmorra, 80
Negro, 6
Media, 37
Ni, 33
Médico, 62
Ninguno, 23, 51
Medida, 55
Niño, 14
Medio, 37, 5S
No, 14, 21
Mejor, 29, 58
Noble, 27
Menester, 65
Noche, 37
Menor, 29
Nombrado, 39
Menos, 21, 35,36, 6a Nombre, 43
Mentira, 79
Nosotros, 19
Mercado, 38
Noticia, 60
Merced, 43
Noticias, 44
Merecer, 70
Noviembre, 37
Mérito, 47
Nuestro, 12, 21
Mes, 23
Nuevo, 6
Mesa, 19
Numeroso, 69
Mesita, 31
Nunca, 59, 70
Metal, 71
O, 23
Mezclar, 81
Obediente, 44
Mezquino, 79
Obligado, 47
Mi, 10
Obligar, 81
Miedo, 41
Obrar, 71
Mientras, 35, 52
Obsequio, 81
\iniino, 29
Obstáculo, 70
/io, 43
Ocasión, 58
Mira, 45
Ocioso, 35
Mismo, 46, 51
Ocupado, 32
Moceton, 33
Ocurrencia, 47
Mocetona, 33
Oficial, 82
Momento, 78
Oficio, 29
Montaña, 79
Oido, 33
Monte, 25
Oir, 67, 75
Mortal, 63
Ojo, 76
Motivo, 59
Olvidado, 39
Moza, 46
Olvidar, 67
Mozalbillo, 32
Optimo, 29
Mozo, 45, 54
Orden, 59
Muchachito, 32
Oro, 9
Muchacho, 51
Otro, 29, 5
Muchachon, 33
Mas,
Muchacbona, 33
Wucho, 17
Pablo, 71
Paciencia, 'O
Padecer, 79
Padre, 1
Padres, 14
Pagado, 44
Pais, 26
Palabra, 46
Palacio, 25, 46
Pan, 78
Papel, 50
Para, 17. 70
Parage, 67
Parece, 31
Parecen, 45
Parecer, 47
Pareció, 41
Pariente, 82
Parte, 39
Partí, 54
Particular, 6l
Partido, 38
Partió, 59
Partir, 59, 68
Pasado, 23, 47
Pasar por, 71
Paseándose, 44
Paseo, 38
Pecado, 50
Pedido, 41
Pedro, 17
Peligro, 49
Peligroso, 79
Pena, 52
Pensamiento, 46
Pequeño, 25, 29
Pera, 10
Perder, 57
Pérdida, 59
Perdido, 6
Perdiz, 33
Perdonar, 77
Perezoso, 67,
Permanecer, 81
Permitir, 81
Pernicioso, 35
Pero, 42
Perrazo, 84
Perrito, 33
Perro, 10
Perseverante, 70
Persuadido, 67
Pesado, 79
Picaro, 47
Picaron, 33
Pido, 04
Pié, 17
Piedad, 60
Pieza, 67
Pintor, 29
PintorciUo, 32
Pío, 25
Pistoletazo, 33
Placer, 41
Plan, 27
Plata, 19
Plaza, 38
Plomo, 21
Pluma, 10
Pobre, 77
Poco, 42,51, 57
Poder, 36 74
Pn-lia, 65
r,,,ii.io,
41
Podrá, 58
Podré, 70
Poner, 74
Por, 38, 39, .'•«,
Porque, 43, Oi
Porte, 45
Postrero, 23
Prado, 43
Precioso, 36
Preciso, 76
Preferible, 52
Pregunta, 42
Preguntado, 42
Preguntar, 6H
Premiado, 47
Premio, 78
Presente, 65
Preso, 42
I' restar, 69
Prima, 12
Primeramente, 39
Primero, 23
Primo, 12—39
Primor, 79
Principal, 49
Principe, 27
Prisión, 38
Procurar, 82
Pródigo, 35
Proferir, 82
Prohibir, 82
Prójimo, 57, 58
Prometido, 8
Prometió, 68
Pronto, 4?, 64
Propio, 51
Proponer, 79
Proprio, 51
Proseguido, 41
Prosperar,'»
Prosperidad, 6
Protector, 58
Provechoso, 63
108
PANISH INDEX.
Prudencia, ;i
Prudente, 35
Pudiendo, 69
Pudimos, 55
Puedo, 43, 49
Puente, 38
Puerta, 14
Pues, 44, 57
Puesto, 43
Pulgada, 62
Puñalada, 34
Respuesta, 82
Retirarse, 80
Retondido, 31
Reunida, 69
Rey, 17
Ricachón, 33
Savero, 82
Si, 33, 44
Sido, 33
Siglo, 63
Rico, 4
Rigor, 70
Rival, 81
Sinagoga, 38
Sino, 48, 62
Sobre, 43, 65
Socorrer, 47
Robado, 41
Rodeado, 31
Sofa, 17
Solas, 58
Que, 21, 29,
Quedar, 81
Quede, 65
Romanos, 70
Soldado, 41, 48
Soler, 79
Solidad, 58
49, 51
Quetado, 51
Quien, 47, 49
Quienes, 47
Quienquiera, 51
Quiere, 47, 50
Quieres, 43
Quiero, 44
Quieto, 60
Quinta, 64
Quitasol, 42
Quizá, 58
Riquezas, 36
Rotondo, 19
Rubio, 31
Ruego, 68
Sábado, 23
Razón, 57
Recibido, 6
Sé, 41
Recibimos, 64
Sed, 35
Recibir, 71
Seguido, 46
Según, 79
Segundo, 39
Recomendar, 80
tjS
75
Seguridad, 80
Semana, 23
Regalo, 8
Regimiento, 82
Rehusar, 80
Reina, I7
Reino, 80
Semblante, 81
Semejantes, 59
Sendos, 40
Seno, 81
Sentado, 31
Sentir, 76
Seña, 71
Señor, 41, 43
Señora, 29, 42, 54
Reír, 8i,
Itcapondido
4'
f^eñorita, 64,
Señorón, 33
Sepa, 51
Separarse, 81
Ser, 35, 47, 61
Ser, 72, (.vu4s<.)
Serallo, 79
Servir 80
Todavía, 76
Todo, 27, 57
Tomaría, 62
Trabajar, 69
Trabajo, 58
Trae, 49
Traer, 74
Traído, 44
Traspasar, 69
Trato, 65
Triste, 7Q
Tropas, 69
Tu, 10, 33
Subir, 79
Sucedido, 52
Sueco, 46
Suegro, 67
Sueldo, 41
Sumo, 29
Superar, 70
Superior, 29
Suplicar, 69
Suponer, 82
Supremo, 29
Suspirando, 40
Suspiro, 79
Suyo, 43
Tú, 19
Tuyo, 43
Unir, 60
Utilidad, 67
Va, 41
Valdría, 65
Vale, 57
Valer, 74
Valor, 71
Van, 37
Vano, 35
Tal, 47, 51
Talega, 43
Talento, 29
Varios, 51
Veces, 40
Vecina, 12
Vecino, 12
Vega, 39
Velar, sg
Vencer, 70
Vencido, 29
Vender, 66
Vendido, 6
Vendré, (il
Venga, 51,54
Venido, 51
Venir, 43, 65, 75
Ventaja, 77
También, 8
Tan, 21, 35
Tanto, 35, 36, 51
Tardar, 69
Tarde, 37
Teatro, 38, 43
Teme, 48
Temer, 69
Temí, 54
Temo, 64
Temprano, 55
Tenedor, 27
Tengo, 17
Ventana, 14
Tengo
oue, 68
Tener, (conjiig.)
Tenia, 51
44
Tomado, 12, 42
Tomar, 68
Su, 10, 12
Reedificar, 7I
Regalito, 3
Religion, 60
Reloj, 17
Relojero, 50
Remedio, 47
Remisión, 65
Keniítame, 39
Rendirse, 69
Reo, 60
Resfriarse, 7&
Respetar, Hl
Tierna, 63
Tierra, 41,
Tío, 2
Titulo, 81
Toca, 41
Son, 14
Sosegar, 82
Sospecha, 79
Sospechar, 81
Sabe, 47, 52
Saber, 47, 74
Sabido, 54
Sabio, 25
Sablazo, 31
Sacado, 41
Sala, 37, 65
Salido, 59
Salieron, 55
Salud, 62
San, 46,
Sano, 46
Santo, 39
Tiempo, 64
Sólito, 31
Solo, 48, 51
Ruido, 47
Salir, 43, 55, 64,
Tia, 2
37
Sin, 41
Rosa, 14
Quejarse, 59
Quemar, 78
Queréis, 57
Querer, 67, 74
Querido, 41
Queso, 47
Reconocer,
Silla,
Tertulia, 8?
Tesoro, 72
>7
Ver, 43, 44
Verdad, 62
Tercero, 23
Verdaderamente,
48
Término, 48
Verde, 47
10b
Verificar, 83
SrANISlI INDEX.
GRAMMATICAL INDEX.
ne
Nmihers
refer to the Exercises, not to the Pa(jc$.
PK0N0ÜN8.
OltmOGRAPHY.
Interchange of
letters, 41, 53.
41 may be missed,
joined to verbs, 53.
Possessives, 10, 12, 21, 43.
Demonstratives, 45.
Personals,
19
Declension, 16.
Used
for
Demonstrative
Pro-
;
;
Relatives, 47.
Interrogativos, 49.
Indefinites, 51.
I'ouns, 45.
Conjugation of haber, 23, 27,
29, 53.
Formation of the Plural,
tener, 19, 56.
14,
ser,
17.
61.
estar, 43, 61.
Augmcntativesand Diminutives,
the
31.
Terms
of address and politeness,
regular
Verbs, 66.
the irregular
Verbs, 73, 74, 75.
Use of the Tenses, 53.
33, 43.
ADJECTIVES.
Agreement, 2, 10.
Formation of the Feminine, 21.
Formation of the Plural, 14,
Moods, 53.
Participles unchangeable, 6.
treated like Adjective,
66 (V).
PREPOSITION.
17.
Position, 19.
Nouns, 16.
Comparison, 21, 25, 27, 29.
Used
as
A, used as sign of the Accuaa
tive, 10.
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