Chapter 1 Science Skills
Section 1.1 What is Science?
Science From Curiosity
•“Necessity is the mother of __________”
–Fire, tools, language, etc.
•Science- system of __________ and the methods
used to find that knowledge
•Science begins with ___________ and ends with discovery.
•Observations
–Quantitative- _________
•27°, 36.7 grams, etc.
–Qualitative- __________
•Blue liquid, gas given off, etc.
Science and Technology
•Technology- the use of knowledge to _____ practical problems
–Telephone, cell phone, TV, medicine, etc.
•Science and Technology are ____________. Advances in one
lead to advances in the other.
–Physics  transistor  radios, computers, space science
Branches of Science
The Big Ideas of Physical Science
•Describes the basic “rules” of________.
•Four major areas
•__________________
–Universe is very ___ and very ____
–Universe is 13,700,000,000 years old
–Universe is 700,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 meters in
__________
•__________________
–Small amount of universe is ______
–Matter has ______ and ____
–Matter made of building blocks called ______
–Atoms made of _______ ________called protons, neutrons,
and electrons
•_______________
–Force causes changes in _______
–World filled with ______ and _______
•________
–Energy exists in many forms
–Moving objects have _______ energy, nonmoving have
__________ energy
–Matter has ______, can be changed into other _____
–Energy can be ___________ from one form or object to
another, never ___________
Section 1.2 Using A Scientific Approach
Scientific Methods
•___________ __________- organized plan for gathering,
organizing, and communicating information
•Goal- to solve a _______ or
better understand an
_________ _________
•___________- information
obtained through the senses
•___________- proposed answer
to a question
–___________ variablecauses a change in
another
–____________ variable- variable that changes in response
–__________ ___________- one variable deliberately
changed at a time
•Scientific Theory- _____-_______ ____________for a set of
observations or experimental results
Scientific Laws
•Scientific Law- statement that _________ __ ________ found in
nature
–________ an observed pattern in nature without
attempting to explain it (explanation provided by theory)
–Generally ________ over and over
–Newton’s Laws of Motion, etc.
Scientific Models
•_____- representation of object or event
•Scientific models make it easier to understand things that
might be ___ _________to observe directly
–Globe
–Atomic models
–Buildings
–Prototypes of cars
Working Safely in Science
***Use safe procedures when carrying out investigations.
***Follow your teacher’s instructions carefully.
***Know all safety rules and procedures that have been
introduced by your teacher.
Section 1.3 Measurement
Using Scientific Notation
•Scientific notation- way of expressing ____ ______or ____ _______
numbers
–Makes them easy to work with
–_________ as a number between one and ten multiplied by a
power of ten
–Exponent can be a ________ number (large number) or a
________ number (less than one)
Converting Numbers Into Scientific Notation
•______ numbers:
–Put a _______ point after the first number and drop the zeroes
–_____ the number of places from the decimal point to the end
of the number (including zeroes)- this is your exponent
–Ex. 123,000,000,000 would be 1.23 x 1011
•_______ numbers:
–Put a decimal point after the first whole number and ____ the
zeroes
–Count the number of places from the decimal point _________
to the original decimal point (including zeroes)- this is your
NEGATIVE exponent
–Ex. 0.0000013 would be 1.3 x 10-6
Write each in standard notation:
•6.52 x 103
•4.6322 x 104
•8.66185 x 104
•8.71 x 104
•7.0 x 10-5
•3.65 x 10-6
•2.17 x 10-2
•3.34 x 100
Write each in scientific notation:
•0.07882
•0.00000272338
•118000
•87200
•0.00002786
•0.000000664
•450
•74171.7
•770
•0.0000085
SI Units of Measurements
•International System of Units (Systeme International de Unite)
–Revised _____system (1791 in France)
•____ Units
–Seven units system is based on
•______ Units- made by combining base units
–Density (g/cm3), Area (m2), Volume (m3), Pressure
(kg/m·s2), Energy (kg·m2/s2)
•Metric _______
–Prefixes put in front of a unit to make it stand for larger or
smaller units
•___________
–Using a ratio to switch from one unit to another
Limits of Measurement
•________- how exact a measurement is
–Limited by least precise measurement used in a
calculation
•_________- how close a value is to the accepted
Measuring Temperature
•Thermometer- measures ____________
•Scales:
–_______ (°C) scale
–_______ (K) temperature scale.
•kelvin, NOT degrees kelvin,
•not capitalized,
•symbol (K) stands alone with no degree symbol.
–__________ (°F) non-metric temperature scale
Section 1.4 Presenting Scientific Data
Organizing Data
•____ _______
–Two variables- manipulated and responding
•____ ______
–Shows changes in related _________
–_____-ratio of changes (rise/run)
–May be _______ proportion (two are constant) or _______
proportion (product of two is a constant)
•___ ______
–Compare sets of measurements
•______ _____
–Relate part to whole
Communicating Data
•___________ is essential!
•____ ______
–Scientists __________ each others’ work
–Comments, suggestions, criticism, find errors