k|x/L P]g, @)!@
nfndf]x/ / k| sfzg ldlt
@)!@.^.#!
;+ zf] wg ug]{ P]g
!= s] xL g] kfn sfg'g -;+ zf] wg / k'gM Joj:yfkg_ P]g , @)@)
@)@).!!.!^
@= k|x/L -klxnf] ;+ zf] wg_ P] g, @)@(
@)@(.^.%
#= k|x/L -bf] >f] ;+ zf] wg_ P] g, @)#!
@)#!.&.%
$= k|x/L -t] ;|f] ;+ zf] wg_ P] g, @)#%
@)#%.%.@!
%= k|x/L -rf}yf] ;+ zf] wg_ P]g, @)$@
@)$@.$.@$
^= k|x/L -kfF rf} ;+ zf] wg_ P]g, @)$*
@)$*.*.$
@)!@ ;fnsf] P]g g+= *
g]kfn k|x/L kmf];{sf] u7g / Joj:yf ug]{ af/] / k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] sfd / st{Jo
lgwf{l /t ug]{ af/]sf] P]g
g]kfn e/d' n'ssf] k|x/L kmf] ;{s f] k' gu{7g ug{ / To;nfO{ ck/fw /f]Sg] / kQf nufpg]
▲
;'of]Uo ;fwg agfO{ zflGt / Joj:yf sfod /fVg cfjZos b]lvPsf] n] >L %
dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 of] P]g agfO{ hf/L ul/aS;]s f]5 .
kl/R5]b – !
k|f/lDes
!=
;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M
-!_
o; P] gsf] gfd æk|x/L P]g, @)!@Æ eGg] /x]sf] 5 .
-@_
of] P]g g] kfn e/d' n'sdf nfu" x'g]5 .
-#_
kl/R5]b !, @, # / ^ sf s'/ fx? t' ?Gt nfu" x'G 5g\ / c? kl/R5]b sf s'/ fx?
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf k|s fz u/] adf]l hdsf] g] kfnsf] Onfsfdf /
tf]lsPsf ldltb]l v nfu" x'g ;Sg] 5g\ .❑
▼
kl/efiff M ljifo jf k| ;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]g df,
▲
s]xL g] kfn sfg" -;+zf] wg / k' gM Joj:yfkg_ P] g, @)@) åf/f ;+zf] lwt .
kl/R5]b $ / % g]kfn clw/fHoe/ nfu" ePsf] ;" rgf @)!^ ;fn kf}if !# ut]sf] g] kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt
@=
❑
1
-s_
æclws[tÆ eGgfn] ;xfos lg/LIfs / ;f] eGbf
dflysf k|x/L clws[ t
;D´g' k5{ .
✍
-v_ === === ===
-u_
æhjfgÆ eGgfn] clws[ t afx] ssf k|x/L hjfg ;D´g' k5{ .
-3_ æc~rn pk/LIfsÆ eGgfn] k|x /L jl/i7 pk/LIfs, k|x/L pk/LIfs jf k|x/L
gfoa pk/LIfs ;D´g' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] g] kfn ;/sf/n] ;fdfGo jf ljz]i f
cfb]z åf/f c~rn pk/LIfssf] ;a} jf s]x L sfd ug{ tf] s]s f] lg/LIfs
;d] tnfO{ hgfpF 5 .
-ª_
æk| x/LÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{ t lgo' Qm ePsf jf bl/Psf JolQm ;D´g' k5{
.
-r_
æk| x/L sd{ rf/LÆ eGgfn] k|x/Lsf clws[t / hjfg ;D´g' k5{ .
- 5_
ædftxt bhf{Æ eGgfn] lg/LIfs eGbf d' lgsf clws[ t / hjfgnfO{ ;D´g' k5{ .
-h_
æ/fhkqf+lst clws[ tÆ eGgfn] lg/LIfs / ;f] eGbf dflysf] clws[ t
;D´g' k5{ .
-´_
ætf]l sPsf]Æ jf ætf]l sP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P] g cGtu{ t ag]s f] lgoddf
tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;D´g'k5{ .
kl/R5]b – @
k|x/L kmf];{sf] u7g, /]vb]v / lgoGq0f
#=
k|x/L kmf];{sf] u7g
∅
-!_
g]kfn clw/fHosf] nflu Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L k|x/L kmf] ;{x ? /xg]5g\ . k|x/L
kmf] ;{sf] u7g / To;df /xg] k|x/L sd{ rf/Lx?sf] ;+ Vof g] kfn ;/sf/n] ;do
;dodf tf]l slbP adf]l hd x'g]5 .
▼
-@_
k|x/L kmf] ;{s f] clws[ t / hjfgx?sf] tna / ;] j fsf cGo zt{ g] kfn
;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x' g]5 .
▼
✍
∅
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
rf}+yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
rf}+yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
rf}+yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
kfF rf} ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
2
▼
$=
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M k|x/Lsf] /] vb] v / lgoGq0f ug]{ / k|x /LnfO{ lgb]{ zg lbg]
clwsf/ g] kfn ;/sf/nfO{ x'g]5 / g] kfn ;/sf/sf] cfb] z / lgb]{ zg kfng ug{'
k| To] s k|x /L sd{ rf/Lsf] st{ Jo x'g]5 .
▼
%=
k|x/L dxflg/LIfs OTofbL M
=====k| x/L k|z f;gsf] lhDd] jf/L k| x/L dxflg/LIfs
■
k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs / g] kfn ;/sf/n] pko' Qm ;D´] sf gfoa dxflg/LIfs
▼
^=
=== ===sf] x' g]5 .
c~rn pk/LIfs OToflb M
-!_ cfkmgf] c~rnsf] k| x/L k| z f;gsf] lhDd] jf/L c~rn k|x/L pk/LIfssf] x' g]5 .
❑
-@_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k| s flzt u/L cfjZostfg' ;f/
c~rn k|x/L sfof{ nodf k|x/L jl/i7 pk/LIfs jf k|x /L pk/LIfs / lhNnf
k|x/L sfof{ nodf k|x/L pk/LIfs, k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs jf k|x/L lg/LIfs
lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
✍
&=
-#_ === === ===
lgo'lQmsf] ;l6{l kms]6 M
-!_
lg/LIfs jf To;b]lv d'lg bhf{ sf x/Ps k| x/L sd{rf/L lgo' Qm x'F bf cg';"rLdf
lbP adf]lhdsf] k| df0fkq kfpF 5 . g] kfn ;/sf/n] ;fwf/0f jf ljz] if cfb] zåf/f
lgb]{ z u/] sf sd{r f/Ln] ;f] k| df0fkqdf ;xL5fk ul/lbg'k 5{ .
-@_
lgo'lQmsf] k| df0fkqdf pNn] v ul/Psf JolQm k|x /L sd{ rf/Lsf] gf]s/Laf6
axfn 6' 6] kl5 ;f] k| df0fkq ab/ jfltn x' g]5 / ;f] k| df0fkq a' ‰g clVtof/
kfPsf sd{ rf/LnfO{ a'´ fpg' k5{ .
-#_
▼
▼
▼
■
▼
❑
✍
cfkmg' kbaf6 s' g} k|x/L sd{ rf/L ;:k]0 8 /x] ;Dd To; k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln]
ug{' kg]{ sfd / kfpg] ljz]i f ;'l jwf sfod g/xL pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lbPsf]
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
rf}+yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
rf}+yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f yk .
rf}+yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
rf}+yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
kfF rf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
3
k| df0fkq ;:k]G ;gsf] 6fod;Dd asfodL g} /xG5, t/ To;/L ;:k]08
ePtfklg ;:k] 0 8 geP ;/x ;f] JolQm pk/ ;fljs clwsf/Lx?sf] lgoGq0f
sfod /xG5 / lgh ;flas adf]lhdsf] cg' zf;gdf /xg' k5{ / ;fljs
adf]l hd ;hfosf] efuL x'g]5 .
∅
*=
k|x/L pk/ lgoGq0f M lhNnf:t/Lo k| x/L sd{ rf/Lx? zflGt ;'/ Iff / ;f] ;DaGwL
k|zf;gsf ;DaGwdf k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] lgoGq0f / lgb]{zgdf /xg]5g\ / ;f]
;DaGwdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] cfb]z tyf lgb]{z gsf] kfngf ug{' k|x/L
sd{ rf/Lx?sf] st{ Jo x'g] 5 . sfg" g adf]l hd k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ug{' kg]{ cGo
sfddf lghnfO{ ;xof] u ug{' lhNnf k| x/L sd{ rf/Lx?sf] st{ Jo x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b – #
k|x/L kmf];{sf] lgoGq0f / cg'zf;g
▼
(=
k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'
lgo'lQm, a9'jf, avf{; L / cGo ljefuLo ;hfo M
-!_
/fhkqf+l st k|x/L clws[ tsf] lgo'l Qm / a9' j f g] kfn ;/sf/af6 / cGo
dftxt bhf{ sf k|x/L sd{ rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm / a9'j f
❑
k|x/L dxflg/LIfs,
k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L gfoa dxflg/LIfs jf c~rn pk/LIfsaf6
tf]lsP adf]l hd x'g] 5 .
-@_
k|x/L sd{ rf/L g] kfn ;/sf/sf] OR5f cg' ;f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfkmgf] kbdf
jxfn /xg]5g\ .
-#_
/fhkqf+l st k|x/L clws[ tnfO{ g] kfn ;/sf/n] / cGo dftxt bhf{ sf
clws[ t / hjfgnfO{ tf]lsP adf]l hd
❑
k|x/L dxflg/LIfs, k| x/L cltl/Qm
dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L gfoa dxflg/LIfs jf c~rn pk/LIfsn] avf{: t ug{ ,
;] jfaf6 x6fpg, bhf{ jf tna 36fpg jf c? ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_
dftxt bhf{ sf k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] cf gf] st{ Jo kfng ubf{ c;fjwfgL jf
nfk/jfxL u/]df jf s'g} st{ Jo kfng ug{a f6 aRgsf] nflu cfkm" n] s]xL u/L
;f] st{ Jo kfng ug{ cof] Uo ePdf jf cg' zfzg e+ u u/]df jf cGoyf
∅
▼
❑
❑
kfF rf} ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
rf}yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
rf}+yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
4
cg'l rt cfrf/0f u/] df lghnfO{ tf]lsPsf] clws[ tn] avf{ :t ug{ , ;]jfaf6
x6fpg, bhf{ jf tna 36fpg jf cfjZos ;D´] tf]lsP adf]l hd b]xfosf]
;hfo ug{ ;Sg] 5 M–
-s_ Ps dxLgfsf] tna ;Dd hl/afgf ug]{ .
-v_ ;hfosf] sjfh, yk uf8{ jf kmofl6u -zf/Ll/s ysfO{ x'g]_ jf c?
8\o" 6L u/fO{ jf gu/fO{ !% lbg ;Dd Sjf6{/df gh/aGb /fVg] .
t/ of] v08df n]lvPsf] ;hfo s'g} clws[ tnfO{ lbg ;lsg] 5}g .
-u_ dxTjk" 0f{ lhDd] jf/Lsf] kbaf6 x6fpg] jf ljz]if tna eQf kfPsf]
l´Sg] .
▼
!)= dgdfgL avf{;L OTofbLaf6 arfp
arfp M
-!_
s'g} k|x/L sd{ rf/LnfO{ avf{ : t ubf{ , ;] jfaf6 x6fpFbf, bhf{ jf tna 36fpF bf
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf afx] s lghnfO{ ;f] ug{' gkg]{ sf/0f b] vfpg d' gfl;j
cjlw tf]sL ;kmfO{ s f] df}sf lbg' k5{ M–
-s_ g}lts ktg b]l vg] kmf}H bf/L cleof] udf s;" /bf/ 7x/L cbfntaf6
s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf] d f,
-v_ o; P] g cGtu{ tsf] ck/fw 7x/L s}b sf] ;hfo kfPsf]df, jf
-u_ ;f] ;kmfO{ sf] df}s f lbg dgfl;a gkg]{ cj:yf b] vfO{ Joxf] /f vf] nL
;hfo lbg] clwsf/Ln] krf{ v8f u/L /fv] sf] df .
-@_
s'g} k|x/L sd{ rf/LnfO{ lgo'l Qm ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/Ln] dfq a/vf:t ug{ ,
;] jfaf6 x6fpg jf bhf{ jf tna 36fpg ;Sg]5 .
✍
!)s= d'2f rnfpg afwf gkg]
gkg{ M bkmf ( adf]l hd ljefuLo sf/afxL jf ;hfo ePs}
sf/0fn] of] P]g jf k| rlnt cGo g] kfn sfg"g cGtu{ t d'2 f rNgdf s'g} afwf ePsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
▼
!!= ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfosf] sfo{ljlw / k'g/fj]
/fj]bg M
▼
✍
▼
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f yk .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
5
-!_
bkmf ( adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/Ln] s'g} k|x/L sd{ rf/LnfO{
avf{: t ug]{ , ;] j faf6 x6fpg], bhf{ jf tna 36fpg] cfb]z lb+ bf ;f] ugf{ sf]
cfwf/ ;lxtsf] cleof]u, ;f] af/] hfF ra'´ u/]sf] Joxf]/f, lghnfO{ ;kmfO{ sf]
df}s f lbOPsf] d f lghsf] ;kmfO{sf] lhsL/ / ;f] lhsL/ adf]l hd yk s]xL
a'l´Psf] eP ;f] ;d] t af/] cfkmgf] 7x/ n] vL / ;kmfO{s f] df} sf glbPsf] df
;f] lbg dgfl;a gk/]s f] cj:yf b] vfO{ Joxf]/ f v' nfOPsf] krf{ ;d] t v8f
u/L ;xL u/L ldl;n ;fd] n /fVg' k5{ .
-@_
bkmf ( cGtu{ t lbOPsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf] h'g ;' s} cfb]z pk/ tf]l sP
adf]l hdsf] clwsf/L ;dIf k'g/fj]b g nfUg] 5 .
t/ bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -v_ cGtu{ t ePsf] ;hfo pk/
k'g/fj] bg nfUg] 5}g .
■
!!s= ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/ M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag] sf] lgod
adf]l hd ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/ lgoddf tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] xL
adf]l hd / To;/L gtf]lsPsf]d f g]kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|sflzt
u/L u7g u/] sf] ;ldltnfO{ x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b – $
k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] st{Jo / clwsf/
!@=
k|x/L sd{rf/Lx? x/xd]zf 8\8o"
\o6" Ldf /xg' kg]{ M o; P]g sf] tfTko{s f nflu x/Ps
k|x/L sd{ rf/L x/xd]z f 8\o"6Ldf /x] s f] dflgg]5 / d' n'ssf] s'g} efudf h' g ;'s}
avt klg k|x/L sd{ rf/L sfddf vl6g ;Sb5 .
!#=
k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clVtof/ M k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] of] P]g jf c? s'g}
k|rlnt P]gaf6 kfPsf] clVtof/ eGbf a9L clwsf/ jf clVtof/ k|o f]u ug{ kfpF b}g .
!$=
l;lgo/ sd{rf/Lsf] clwsf/ M k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] of] P] g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] sf
lgod adf]l hd kfPsf] clVtof/ lgh eGbf dflysf bhf{ sf k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] k| of] u
ug{ kfpF5 .
▼
!%= k|x/L sd{rf/L st{Jo M
■
▼
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
6
-!_
k| To] s k|x /L sd{ rf/Lsf] b]x fo adf]l hd st{ Jo x' g]5 M–
-s_ clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/Ln] sfg" g adf]l hd lbPsf] cfb]z / hf/L u/] sf]
jf/]06 tbf?vtf;fy kfng tyf tfd] n ug{' .
-v_ zflGt / Joj:yfnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ vfnsf] va/ ;+sng ug{' / dflyNnf]
clwsf/LnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' .
■
-u_ ck/fwsf] /f]s yfd ug{' / hgtfnfO{ cgfjZos ´G´6df kg{ af6
arfp ug{' .
-3_ ck/fwLx? kQf nufpg' / ck/fwLnfO{ sfg"g adf]l hd ;hfo u/fpg' .
-ª_ sfg"g adf]lhd kqmg kg]{ JolQmnfO{ / kqmg' kg]{ kof{K t sf/0f ePsf
JolQmx?nfO{ kqmg' .
-r_ k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd ug{' kg]{ st{ Jo kfng ug]{ .
-5_ c;dy{ / c;xfo eO{ af6f] 3f6f]] d f kl//x]sf JolQmx?nfO{ cfkm" af6
x'g ;Sg] x/ lsl;dsf] d2t lbg] / hf]l vd lsl;dsf / cfkmg' x]/ rfx
ug{ g;Sg] lsl;dsf cDdn vfPsf JolQm jf af} nfxfx?sf] lhDdf
lng] .
-h_ kqmfp ePsf jf y' gfdf /x] s f JolQm 3fon / la/fdL ePdf cfjZos
d2tnfO{ rflxg] sf/afxL t' ?Gt ug{ / To:tfnfO{ kx/f lbF bf jf cGt
nfFbf lghsf] Joj:yfsf] plrt Vofn /fVg] .
-´_ kqmfp ePsf jf y'gfdf /x]s f JolQmnfO{ rflxg] l;wf / af;sf]
OGthfd ug]{ .
-`_ vfgtnf;L ubf{ c;Eo Jojxf/ gug]{ / grflxg] x}/ fgL glbg] .
-6_ ;j{ ;fwf/0f hgtf;+ u lzi6 Jojxf/ ug]{ / :jf:gLdflg; /
s] 6fs] 6Lx?;+ u Jojxf/ ubf{ k"/f OHht / dgfl;a gd| tf;fy Jojxf/
ug]{ .
-7_ cfuf]a f6 xfgL gf]S ;fgLsf] arfp ug{ ;se/ sf]l zz ug]{ .
-8_ hgtfnfO{ b'3{ 6gf jf vt/faf6 arfpg ;se/ sf]lzz ug]{ .
■
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
7
-@_
dfly v08 -s_ b]l v -ª_ df n]l vPsf] s'g} p2] Zosf] k| flKtsf] nflu nfu"
cf}i flw jf dlb/f laqmL ug]{ / ;]j g u/fpg] e§L, k;n, xf] 6n, nh, /]i 6'/fF ,
h' jf v]l n/x] sf] 7fpF, ;fwf/0ftM rl/qxLg / abdfzx? e] nf x' g] s'g} 7fpF df
lagf jf/]06 k| j]z ug{ / lg/LIf0f ug{ sDtLdf ;xfos lg/LIfs ;Dd bhf{ sf]
k|x/L clws[ tnfO{ clwsf/ x' g]5 .
✍
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd lagf jf/]0 6 k| j]z jf lg/LIf0f u/]d f To:tf] k|x /L
clws[ tn] ;f] s'/ fsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] lnlvt hfgsf/L oyfzSo rfF 8f] k| d' v
lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{ 5 .
▼
!^= jf/]06 OToflb hf/L ug]{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf]
clwsf/Lsf] clwsf/ M h'g;'s} k|x/L clws[ tn]
cfkmgf] st{ Josf] l;nl;nfdf kfPsf] va/ k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;dIf k]z u/L
s'g} ck/fw u/]sf] jf ;f] u/]s f] egL z+s f ePsf] jf ck/fw ug{ nfu] s f] JolQmsf]
gfddf sfg"g åf/f hf/L x'g ;Sg] jf/] 0 6, vfgtnf;Lsf] jf/]06, ;dfÅfg jf c? Dofb
;" rgf hf/L ug{ k|l tj]bg lbg] ;Sg]5 / k| rlnt sfg"g n] To:tf] jf/] 0 6, ;dfÅfg jf
Dofb ;" rgf hf/L ug{ s'g} c8\8f jf clwsf/Lsf] :ki6 Joj:yf gePsf]d f k| d'v
lhNnf clwsf/Ln] hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
To:tf] jf/] 0 6, vfgtnf;Lsf] jf/]0 6, ;dfÅfg jf c? Dofb ;" rgf s' g} c8\ 8f jf
cbfntn] hf/L ug]{ sfg"g L Joj:yf ePsf]d f k|x /L clws[ tn] ;f] k|l tj]bg ;f]´}
To:tf] c8\ 8f jf cbfntdf lbg]5 .
!&=
k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] lagf j/]06 lu/kmtf/ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ M k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] lagf
jf/]0 6 h' g;'s} ;fj{ hlgs 7fpF df b]x fosf JolQmnfO{ lu/kmtf/ ug{ x' G5 M–
-s_
sfg" n] # jif{ jf To;eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo x' g] ck/fw u/]sf] jf ug{
cfF 6]s f] 5 eGg] yfxf ePsf] JolQm,
-v_
km/f/ 3f]lift ul/Psf] kqmg' kg]{ ck/fwL,
-u_
skmo"{ nfu]s f] 6foddf z+sf kg]{ u/L lx88' n u/L /x] sf JolQm,
-3_
dgfl;a sf/0f ge} /ftdf xft xltof/ v/vhfgf jf /ftdf 3/ kmf]g]{ cf} hf/
;fydf ePsf] JolQm,
✍
▼
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f yk .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
8
-ª_
sfg"g cg' ;f/ y'lgPsf 7fpF af6 efu]sf] jf efUg pBf] u ug]{ JolQm,
-r_
g]kfn ;] g f jf k|x/L kmf] ;{ 5f8L efu] sf] eGg] dgfl;a z+s f k/] sf JolQm,
-5_
o; P]gsf] kl/R5]b -^_ df n]l vP adf]l hd x'g] c/fw u/] sf] 5 eGg] dgfl;a
z+sf ePsf] JolQm .
-@_
dfly pkbkmf -!_ df n]l vP adf]l hd kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ af6fsf]
dgfl;a dflkmssf] Dofb afx] s @$ 306fleq ;se/ rfF 8} cbfntdf k] z
ug{' k5{ .
-#_
s'g} rn, crn ;fj{ hlgs ;DklQdf cfkmgf ;fd'Gg] gf]S ;fgL x'g nfu] sf]
b] v]d f k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] cfkm}+ cl3;/L ;f] gf]S;fgL /f]Sg ;S5 .
!*=
;fj{hlgs af6f] OToflbdf ;jf/L jf ofqLx?sf] Joj:yf M k|x/L sd{ rf/Lsf] b]x fo
adf]l hdsf] st{ Jo x'G5 M–
-s_
;fj{ hlgs af6f] df oftfoftsf] Joj:yf / lgoGq0f ug]{ / ToxfF oftfoftsf]
/f] sfj6 x'g glbg] / ;fj{ hlgs af6f] jf To;sf] jl/kl/ hgtfn] kfng
ugf{ sf] lgldQ of] P]g jf k| rlnt sfg" g cGtu{t ag]s f lgod / cfb]z
✄
===
=== ldRg glbg] .
-v_
;fj{ hlgs af6f] d f / ;a} n] g' xfpg], n' uf w'g] 7fpF , 3f6, xjfO{ c8\ 8f, /] nsf]
:6]zg, d] nf nfUg] 7fpF , b] j fno / c? ;fj{ hlgs :yfgdf tyf ;a} n] k" hf
ug]{ 7fpF jf To;sf] jl/kl/ k" hf ug{ nfu]s f] a] nfdf zflGt sfod /fVg] .
-u_
;a} n] g'xfpg], n' uf w'g] 7fpF , 3f6 / xjfO{ c8\ 8f, /] Nj] :6]zgdf Joj:yf
/fVg] / To:tf 7fpF d f / ;j{ ;fwf/0fnfO{ tf/g] 8' Ëfdf 3'O rf] x'g glbg tyf
To:tf] :yfg jf 8' Ëfdf ;j{ ;fwf/0fn]
▼
kfng ugf{ sf] lgldQ of] P]g /
k| rlnt cGo P] g cGtu{ t ag]s f lgod / cfb]z
!(=
✄
=== === ldRg glbg] .
;fj{hlgs ;ef / h'n';sf] Joj:yf M
-!_
;fj{ hlgs af6f] , ;8s jf cfjt hfjt x'g] :yfgdf ;ef ug]{ jf h' n';
lgsfNg] ;DaGwdf hg ;fwf/0fnfO{ c;'l jwf kg]{ jf zflGt eË x'g] l:ylt
✄
▼
✄
kfrf}+ ;+zf]lwgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
kfrf}+ ;+zf]lwgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
9
pTkGg gxf] ;\ eGg] p2] Zon] k| d' v lhNnf clwsf/L jf lghaf6 To; sfdsf
lglDt clVtof/ kfPsf k|x/L clws[ tn] ;ef jf h' n';sf lglDt 7fpF , af6f] /
;do tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt s'g} sfo{ eP u/] d f k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jf lghaf6
To; sfdsf lglDt clVtof/ kfPsf k|x/L clws[ tn] To:tf] ;ef jf h' n';
/f]Sg jf eË ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
@)=
a]jfl/;L ;DklQsf] k|x/Ln] lhDdf lng]
lng M a]jfl/;L ;DklQsf] lhDdf lng] / To;sf]
tfobftL v8f u/L k| d' v lhNnf clwsf/L sxfF k]z ug]{ k|To]s k|x/L sd{ rf/Lsf]
st{ Jo x'G 5 .
@!=
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln]
clwsf/Ln] ;DklQ /f]Ssf ug]{ / OlZtxf/ hf/L ug]{ M
-!_
k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] To:tf] ;DklQ /f]S sf u/L ;f] /f]Ssf ePsf]
wgdfnsf] kmfF 6jf/L vf] nL ^ dxLgfleq cfkmgf] xs bfaLsf] ;a" t ;d] t lnO{
bfaL ug{ cfpg' egL OlZtxf/ hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
To:tf] ;DklQsf] xs k'Ug] dflg; kQf gnfu] s f] jf pkl:yt g/x]s f] / To:tf]
;DklQ gf]S ;fg x'g] jf :jefljs ?kdf ;8L unL hfg] ePdf jf lnnfd
laqmL u/] df wgLnfO{ kmfObf xf] nf eGg]
✍
=== === k| d' v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf]
ljrf/df nfu]sf] jf To; ;DklQsf] df] n ?= !).– eGbf 3l6 ePdf ✍ === ===
=== k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] h' g ;'s} avt klg lnnfd laqmL ug{ / lnnfd
laqmLaf6 cfPsf] ?k}ofF ✍=== === === w/f} 6L /fVg] cfb] z lbg ;Sg]5 .
@@=
bfaf ug]{ dflg; sf]xL xflh/ gePdf ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/ nfUg] M
-!_
tf]lsPsf] ^ dlxg] Dofbleq To:tf] ;DklQ bfaf ug]{ JolQm sf]xL xflh/
gePdf bkmf @! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd lnnfd laqmL ePsf] /x]g 5 eg]
;f] ;DklQ k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] cfb]z adf]l hd lnnfd laqmL x' G5 .
✍
✍
✍
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
10
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL e} cfPsf] ?k}ofF / s;}sf] xs
sfod ge} bkmf @! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd lnnfd laqmL e} cfPsf] ?k} ofF
^ dlxgf afb g] kfn ;/sf/ nfU5 .
❑
@@s= a]jfl/;L nfzsf ;DaGwdf M a]j fl/;L nfz km] nf k/]d f k|x/Ln] sAhfdf lnO{ nfzsf]
;gfvt / sfnultn] d/] s f]df d' r'Nsf u/fO{ xsjfnf km] nf k/] ;tut ug{ a'´ fO{
lbg' k5{ . xsjfnf km] nf gk/] jf a'´ L glnP To:tf] nfz lrlsT;fzf:q cWoog
;+ :yfg :yfkgf ePsf] 7fpFd f cWoogsf] k|of] hgsf] lgldQ To:tf] ;+ : yfgnfO{
cfjZos ePdf k|x /Ln] ;f] ;+ :yfgnfO{ a'´ fO{ lbg' k5{ . To:tf] ;+ :yfg gePsf]
7fpF df jf To:tf] ;+:yfgnfO{ cfjZos gkg]{ ePdf k|x /Ln] ■:yfgLo ufpF ljsf;
;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf jf ;fdflhs ;+: yf dfkmt{ bfx ;+ :sf/ u/fpg' k5{ .
t/, b' 3{6gfdf k/L, cfTdxTof u/L jf z+ sf:kb l:yltdf d/] sf] df eg] k| rlnt sfg"g
adf]l hd nfz hfF r zj k/LIf0f ;d] t ug{' kg]{ txlssftsf] sfd sf/afO{ k"/
u/] kl5 dfq To:tf] nfz cWoog ;+ : yfgnfO{ a'´ fO{ lbg' jf bfx ;+: sf/ u/fpg
;lsg] 5 .
@#=
k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] 8fo/L /fVg'kg]{ sfd M
-!_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf] s] adf]l hd 9fF rfsf] 8fo/L /fvL To;df ;a} ph"/ L /
cf/f] k lu/kmtf/ ePsf] ;a} dflg;sf] gfpF , ph" / ug]{s f] gfpF , lu/kmtf/
ePsf] JolQm pk/ cf/f] k nufOPsf] ck/fw, lghx?af6 jf c? lsl;dn]
a/fdb ePsf] xltof/ jf wgdfn / a'l´Psf ;fIfLx?sf] gfpF ;d] tsf]
Joxf]/ f vf] nL r9fO{ /fVg] x/ Ps 7fgfsf] clVtof/jfnf sd{ rf/Lsf] st{ Jo
x'g]5 .
-@_
k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ;f] 8fo/L l´sfO{ hfFRg ;Sg] 5 .
@$=
✄
@%=
▲
@^=
▲
❑
t];|f] ;+zf] w gåf/f yk .
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f vf/]h .
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f vf/] h .
■
✄
▲
=== === ===
=== === ===
=== === ===
11
kl/R5]b – %
;fj{hlgs zflGt / ;'/Iff sfod ug{nfO{ ljz]if k|aGw
@&=
s'g} JolQmsf] b/vf:t k/]df yk k|x/L v6fpg]
v6fpg M
-!_
s'g} JolQmsf] b/vf:t k/] d f c~rn pk/LIfsn] zflGt jf Joj:yf sfod
/fVg jf s' g} vf; lsl;dsf] ck/fw af/] o; P]g jf c? P]gsf s'/fx? nfu"
ug{ jf s'g} 7fpF jf Onfsfdf k| x/Lsf] c? st{ Jo kfng ugf{ sf] lgldQ yk
k|x/L hjfg v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_
b/vf:t lbg] JolQmn] To:tf] yk k| x/Lsf] vr{ Joxf] g{ k5{ . t/ To:tf] yk
k|x/L c~rn pk/LIfssf] cfb]zdf /xL lghn] plrt 7x/fPsf ;do
;DdnfO{ vl6G5 .
-#_
To:tf] yk k|x/Lsf] b/vf:t lbg] JolQmn] ;f] k|x/Lsf] hjfg l´sL kfpF egL
c~rn pk/LIfsnfO{ h'g ;'s} avt lnlvt lgj]bg lbPdf c~rn pk/LIfsn]
To:tf] lgj] bg kfPsf] ldltn] Ps dxLgfdf ga9fO{ d' s// u/] sf] ;do
Joltt ePkl5 b/vf:tjfnfn] To;sf] vr{ Joxf]g{ kb}{ g .
✚
@*= /]Nj] jf c? k|lt:yfkgsf]
t:yfkgsf] l5d]sdf yk k|x/L v6fpg] M
-!_
xjfO{ c8\ 8f, /]N j] , gx/ jf c? s'g} nf] ssfo{ jf sf/vfgf, Jofkfl/s
k|l t:yfkg, dgf]/Ghg ;'ljwf / oftfoftsf] lgdf{0 f eO/x]sf] jf rn] sf]
cj:yfdf ;f] sfo{ sf/vfgf jf k|l t:yfkgdf lgo' Qm, jf ToxfF cfjt hfjt
ug]{ JolQmx?sf] Jojxf/ jf Jojxf/sf] cfz+sfn] s'g} ;do To:tf] 7fpF df yk
k|x/Lsf] cfjZostf ;D´]d f g] kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos eP;Ddsf nflu
cfjZos ;D´] hlt ;+ Vofdf yk k|x/L v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd yk k|x/L v6fOPsf] df ;f] v6fpFbf nfu]sf] vr{ g] kfn
;/sf/n] h'g sfo{, sf/vfgf jf k|l t:yfkgsf nflu v6fpg' k/]sf] xf] ,
To;af6 e/fpg] cfb] z lbg ;Sg] 5 / ;f] sfo{ , sf/vfgf jf k|l t:yfkgsf]
sf]i faf6 ;f] vr{ Joxf]g{' k5{ .
▲
✚
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f vf/] h .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
12
-#_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; bkmf cGtu{ t cfkm" n] k| fKt clwsf/ g] kfn /fhkqdf
;" rgf k|sflzt u/L ❑k|x/L dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L
gfoa dxflg/LIfs, k| d' v lhNnf clwsf/L jf c~rn pkl/IfsnfO{ ;'D kg
;Sg]5 .
@(=
;fj{hlgs zflGtnfO{ ljz]if vt/f kg]{ cj:yfdf yk k|x/L v6fpg]
v6fpg M
-!_
s'g} Onfsfdf ▼czfGt jf vt/fgfs cj:yf ePdf ToxfF sf afl;Gbf jf
afl;Gbfsf] s' g} vf; ju{sf] cfr/0faf6 yk k|x/L v6fpg cfjZos 5 eGg]
▼
nfu]df g] kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|sflzt u/L b]x fosf] s'/ f
tf]Sg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ yk k|x/L /fVg' kg]{ :yfg . ✄=== === /
-v_ yk k|x/L /fVg' kg]{ cjlw .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd g] kfn ;/sf/n] u/]s f] lg0f{o clGtd x'G 5 .
-#_
o; bkmfsf] pkbkmf -%_ sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf yk k|x/Lsf] vr{ ;" rgfdf
vf; u/L lsl6Psf] Onfsfsf] afl;Gbfx?n] Joxf]g{' k5{ .
-$_
pkbkmf -%_ cGtu{ t ltg{ gkg]{ 7xl/Psf afx]s c? afl;Gbfx?df ss:n] s]
slt ltg{' Joxf]g{' k5{ , ;f] s'/ fsf]
✄
=== === === k|d' v lhNnf clwsf/Ln]
dgfl;j 7x/fP adf]l hd hfF ra'´ u/L afF 8kmf8 ul/lbg' k5{ . k| d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] afl;Gbfx?sf] x}l ;otsf] larf/ u/L To:tf] afF 8kmf8 ug]{ 5 .
-%_
To:tf] afl;Gbfsf] s' g} ju{ jf c+z nfO{ nfu]]s f] o:tf] vr{ af6 ;" rgf k|s fz
u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5' 6sf/f lbg ;Sb5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M– o; bkmfsf] nflu æafl;GbfÆ zAbn] To; 7fpFd f a;f] af; gu/]
klg To:tf Onfsf leqsf] hUuf jf crn ;DklQ cfkm" jf sf/jf/L, jfl/;
❑
▼
▼
✄
✄
rf}yf] ;+zf] w gåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
13
jf gf] s/åf/f bvn jf ef] urng ug]{ JolQmx? / cfkm} n] jf jfl/;, sf/jf/L
jf gf] s/fgaf6 ;f]´ } jf /} o t dfkm{t lt/L c;" n ug]{ jf hUuf ef] u rng
ug]{ hUuf wgLnfO{ ;d] t hgfpF5 .
#)=
afl;Gbfx?sf] cg'lrt cfr/0fn] ubf{ kg{ cfPsf] gf]S;fgLsf] xhf{gf kL8t
▼
JolQmx?nfO{ lbg] M
-!_
bkmf @( d' tflas ;" rgf hf/L e}/ x]s f] Onfsfsf afl;Gbfx? jf pgLx?sf]
▼
zfvf jf ju{ s f] cg'lrt ▼cfr/0faf6 jf To;sf] hl/ofaf6 ▼d[To' ePsf] jf
uDeL/ rf]6 k' u]s f] jf wgdfnsf] xfgL gf]S ;fgL ePsf] /x] 5 eg] ;f] cg'l rt
▼
cfr/0faf6 xfgL gf]S ;fgL eof] egL bfaL ug]{ To:tf] Onfsfdf a:g]
JolQmn] ;f] xfgL gf]SzfgL ePsf Ps dxLgfleq jf ;f] eGbf 36L ;do
tf]lsPdf ;f] Dofbleq To:tf] k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/LsxfF xhf{gfsf] b/vf:t
lbg ;Qm5 .
-@_
bkmf @( adf]l hdsf] Onfsfdf yk k|x/Lsf hjfg vl6Psf jf gvl6Psf
ePtfklg g] kfn ;/sf/sf] ▼:jLs[l t lnO{ k| d' v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] rflx+ bf]
hfF ra'´ u/L To:tf] If]q df b]x fodf n]l vP adf]l hd ug{ ;Qm5 M–
-s_ To:tf] cg'l rt
▼
cfr/0f of To;sf hl/ofaf6
▼
kLl8t ePsf
dflg;x?sf] gfd k|s fz ug]{ .
-v_ To:tf] JolQmx?nfO{ lbg] ▼xhf{gfsf] c+s / ;f] af8\g] t/Lsf ls6fg /
lgwf{l /t ug]{ .
-u_ o; kl5sf] pkbkmf -#_ cGtu{ t
▼
xhf{ gf Joxf]g{ gkg]{ ePsf /
b/vf:tjfnf afx]s To:tf] Onfsfsf]
▼
afl;Gbfx? dWo]sf] s;n]
xhf{g fsf] slt c+ s ltg{ kg]{ xf] lsgf/f ul/lbg] .
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
bf];|f]
bf];|f]
bf];|f]
bf];|f]
bf];|f]
bf];|f]
bf];|f]
bf];|f]
bf];|f]
;+zf]w gåf/f
;+zf]w gåf/f
;+zf]w gåf/f
;+zf]w gåf/f
;+zf]w gåf/f
;+zf]w gåf/f
;+zf]w gåf/f
;+zf]w gåf/f
;+zf]w gåf/f
;+zf] lwt
;+zf] lwt
;+zf] lwt
;+zf] lwt
;+zf] lwt
;+zf] lwt
;+zf] lwt
;+zf] lwt
;+zf] lwt
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14
t/ To:tf] Onfsfleq ePsf] x' nbËf jf u} / sfg" gL ;efaf6 dfly
n]l vP adf]lhd xfgL ePsf] eGg] / h'g 36gfaf6 To:tf] xfgL ePsf]
5, ;f] 36gfaf/] ;f] ▼kLl8t dflg;sf] s'g} bf]i f 5}g eGg] 7x/ ge}
k| d' v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] of] pkbkmf adf]l hd k| s fz / c+s ls6fg ug{
x'Fb}g .
-#_
cfb]z hf/L u/L To:tf afl;GbfdWo] s' g} JolQm jf ▼zfvf jf ju{ nfO{ To:tf
xhf{g fsf] s]x L efu ltg{ gkg]{ ug{ g] kfn ;/sf/sf] nflu sfg"g L x'G 5 .
-$_
pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] u/]s f] k| sfzg /
▼
ls6fg
u/] s f] xhf{ gfsf] c+s jf lbPsf] cfb]z g] kfn ;/sf/ jf g] kfn ;/sf/af6
lgo'Qm u/]s f] clwsf/Låf/f bf]xf]l/g ;S5, cGoyf ;f] clGtd x'G 5 .
-%_
o; bkmf adf] lhd xhf{g f e/fO;s] sf] xfgL af/] b] jfgL sf/afO{ rNg ;Sb}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M– o; bkmfdf æafl;GbfÆ zAbsf] cy{ dflysf] bkmf adf] lhd x' G5 .
#!=
#@=
dfly pNn]v u/] adf]lhd ltg{' kg]{ ?k}ofF c;"n ug]
ug{ M
=== === ===
-!_
hl/afgf c;" n ug]{ af/] sf] k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd o; kl/R5] bdf pNn] v
ul/Psf] ltg{' kg]{ ?k} ofF k| d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] c;" n u5{ .
-@_
bkmf #) adf]l hd
▼
lt/]sf] jf c;" n ePsf] ;a} ?k} ofF k|d' v lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] ;f] bkmf adf]l hd kfpg] dflg;nfO{ lbg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b – ^
ck/fw / ;hfo
##=
▲
▼
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f vf/] h .
bf];|f] ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt
t];|f] ;+zf] w gåf/f vf/] h .
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▲
=== === ===
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
■
##s= s8f ck/fwx? M k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] b]x fosf] s'g} s;" / u/]df lghnfO{
✄
=== === ===
cfhGd s}b jf rf} w jif{ ;Dd s}b jf tLg jif{sf] tna a/fa/;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j}
;hfo x'g]5 M–
-s_
k|x/L ;]j fdf z;:q lab| f]x u/] d f jf u/fPdf jf lab| f]x df ;/Ls ePdf jf ;f]
ug{ u/fpg pQ] hgf km} nfPdf jf To:tf] ug{ if8oGq jf pBf] u u/]df,
-v_
lab| f]x x' g] 7fpFd f cfkm" ePsf]df ;se/ /f] Sg] sf]l z; gu/]d f jf o:tf]
a] nfdf b] z elQm, /fhelQm jf st{ Jo/t s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ cf gf]
st{ Joaf6 larlnt u/fPdf jf To:tf] pBf] u u/]df,
-u_
lab| f]x ug]{ dg;fo u/] s f] jf if8oGq jf pBf] u eO/x]s f] yfxf kfO{ jf To:tf]
eO/x]sf] ljZjf; ug{' kg]{ sf/0f x'Fbf x'Fb} klg lgr df/L pRr
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ oyfzSo tTsfn} va/ jf ;" rgf glbPdf,
-3_
✄
-ª_
yfgf, rf}sL, uf/b, kfnf] kx/f cflb / cfkm" ;fy jf cfkmgf] lhDdf /x] sf]
=== === ===
xftxltof/,
v/vhfgf
cGo
;/sf/L
wgdfn
/
sfuhftx?
cfqmd0fsf/Lx?nfO{ ;' DkL d2t u/] d f,
-r_
cfqmd0f jf d' 7e] 8sf] ;dodf jf ;f] x' g] ;Defjgfdf k|x/L kmf] ;{ jf
hgtfdf hfgL hfgL ´"7f] cft+ s km} nfPdf jf x/] ; v' jfpg] jf cft+ s kfg]{
lgotn] ´'7 f] vt/fsf] va/ km} nfPdf .
✩
##v= cGo s8f ck/fwx? M k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] b]x fosf] s' g} ck/fw u/] d f bz jif{ ;Dd s}b
jf b'O{ jif{ s f] tna a/fa/ ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b' j} ;hfo x'g] 5 M–
-s_
g]kfn ;/sf/, g] kfn ;/sf/sf] sfd sf/afO{ / g] kfn clw/fHosf]
;fj{ e f}d ;Qf jf k| fb]l zs cv08tf / cIf'0 0ftfdf vnn kg{ ;Sg] u/L 3[0 ff,
å]i f jf cjx] ngf x'g] u/L n] v]/ jf arg jf cfsf/ / lrGxåf/f jf c? s' g}
lsl;daf6 s'g} sfd s'/ f u/]df u/fPdf jf ;f] pBf] u u/] df,
■
✄
✄
✩
t]>f] ;+zf] wgåf/f ;+z f]lwt .
kfF rf} ;+zf]w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f lemlsPsf] .
t];|f] ;+zf] w gåf/f yk .
16
-v_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s' g} ldq/fi6« leq n' 6df/ u/]d f jf ug{ tof/L u/] df, To:tf]
JolQmnfO{ d2t jf ;" rgf lbPdf jf ;f] dg;fon] To:tf] JolQm;+u ;Dks{
/fv] d f,
-u_
cfkm" vl6P/ jf cfkmgf] lhDdfdf /x] s f] jf cfkm" n] /Iff ug{' kg]{ yfgf, rf} sL,
uf/b, kfnf] kx/f, lks] 6, 6f] nL jf Kof6« f]n jf k|lti7fkg jf sfof{ nodfly
cfqmd0fsf/L 8fF s', t:s/, abdf; / x' nbËf ug]{x ?n] cfqmd0f u/] s f avt
ltgLx?;+ u d'7e]7 x'F bf jf To:tf] d'7e] 8 x'g] cfz+ s fdf gfdlb{ ;+u efu]df,
-3_
cfkmgf] lhDdfdf /x] sf] ;/sf/L jf c? s;}s f] xftxltof/ v/vhfgf
a] rlavg u/] df,
-ª_
n' 6sf] vf]lhdf lx8\g cfkmgf] yfgf, rf} sL, uf/b, kfnf] kx/f, lks] 6, 6f] nL,
Kof6« f]n, k|lti7fkg jf sfof{ no 5f8]df,
-r_
8\o"6Ldf /x]sf] jf g/x] sf] ePtfklg dflyNnf] bhf{s f] sd{ rf/L egL yfxf
kfPkl5 jf ljZjf; ug]{ sf/0f 5F b f5Fb} ck/flws an k|o f] u u/] df jf ug]{
pBf] u u/]df jf wDsL lbPdf,
-5_
cfkm" dflysf] s'g} clws[ tn] cfb] z lbPdf jf axfn 6' 6]kl5 lgo'lQmsf]
k| df0fkq / axfn 5Fb f cfkmgf] lhDdf ePsf] ;/sf/L jf c? s;} sf]
xftxltof/, v/vhfgf, ;+o Gq, Hofan, ;/;fdfg, gubL lhG;L ;d] t t' ? Gt
ga'´ fPdf jf dgfl;a kmfF 6jf/L glbPdf,
-h_
n' 6\g] clek|fon] 3/ jf s' g} 7fpF kmf]/] d f jf s' g} lsl;daf6 wgdfn n' 6]df,
xfgL gf]S ;fgL jf Iflt u/]d f,
-´_
❑
st{ Jo kfngf ubf{ sfo/tf b] vfPdf .
#$= c? ck/fwx? M k|x /L sd{ rf/Ln] b]x fosf] s'g} ck/fw u/]df, kfF r jif{ ;Dd s}b jf
Ps jif{s f] tna a/fa/ ;Dd h/Ljfgf jf b' j} ;hfo x' g]5 M–
-s_
cfkmgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] ;/sf/L jf c? s;} s f] ;+ oGq, Hofjn, ;/;fdfg,
jlb{ , tfgfdfgf, tSdf, kbs, gubL, lhG;L, ;jf/Lsf] ;fwg / OGwg OTofbL
hfgL hfgL jf nfk/jfxL u/L lauf/] d f, gf;] df, x/fPdf jf b' ?kof] u u/] df
jf jbgLotLn] cfkmgf] jf c? s;} s f] lgldQ lnPdf jf lbPdf,
❑
t];|f] ;+zf] w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
17
-v_
SofDkdf /;b jf c? rflxg] s'/ f Nofpg] JolQm pk/ xdnf jf a]OHht
u/] d f jf an k| o f]u u/L ck/fw u/]df jf s'g} :yfgdf an ldrfO{ u/]df,
-u_
cfkm" dflysf] k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] lbPsf] sfg"g L pbL{ gdfg] df,
-3_
k|x/L kmf] ;{af6 efu]d f,
-ª_
;] 06« L e} kfnf] a;] s f] 7fpF d f ;' t]d f jf lgoldt abnL gcfO{ lagf Ohfht
5f8] d f,
-r_
lgoldt abnL gcfO{ jf lagf Ohfht cfkmgf] uf/b, lks] 6, 6f] nL jf Kof6« f]n
5f] 8]d f,
-5_
cfkm" nfO{ lgo' Qm ug{ clVtof/ kfPsf clwsf/Lsf] Ohfht lagf /fhLgfdf
u/] d f jf cfkmgf] kbsf] st{ Jo kfng ug{ 5f8]d f,
-h_
-´_
;] 06« LnfO{ s' 6]df jf ha/h:tL u/] d f jf ug{ pBf] u u/]df,
uf/b, lks] 6, Kof6«f]nsf] sdf08df 5Fb f /Ltk' js{ a'´ fPsf] s}b L jf JolQm
a' ‰g OGsf/ u/] df, dgfl;a clVtof/ lagf cfkmgf] lhDdfdf /x] sf] s' g}
JolQm jf s} b LnfO{ 5f8]d f jf nfk/jfxL u/L To:tf] s} bL jf JolQmnfO{ efUg
lbPdf,
-`_
lu/kmtf/ jf y'lgPsf avt 5f8\ g ;Sg] clVtof/ kfPsf] n] g5f8\b} lu/kmtf/
ePsf] jf y'l gPsf] 7fpF 5f8L uPdf,
-6_
/f] u jf z/L/sf] lgj{ ntfsf] ´' 7f] axfgf u/] df jf efg kf/] df,
-7_
cfkmgf] sdfg jf lhDdfdf /x]s f] JolQmx?sf] ;+ Vof jf cj:yfsf] jf To:tf
JolQm jf g] kfn ;/sf/ jf k|x/L jf k|x /L kmf] ;{df ;fd] n x' g cfPsf] s;} sf]
?k}o fF , xftxltof/, v/vhfgf, n' ufkmf6f] , ;/;fdfg jf cGo dfn;fdfgsf]
´'¶f] kmfF 6 jf k|l tj] bg hfgLhfgL k] z u/]df jf v/fa dg;fon] jf
hfgLhfgL aft nfUg] nfk/jfxLaf6 dfly n]l vPsf ljifosf] kmfF 6 jf k|l tj]bg
tof/ ug{ jf k7fpg 5' 6fPdf jf OGsf/ u/]df,
-8_
/fhg}l ts p2] Zon] ;+ u7g ul/Psf] ;ef, h' n'; jf k|bz{gdf efu lnPdf,
efif0f u/]df, gf/f nufPdf jf jQmJo lbPdf,
-9_
cfkmgf] cf]x bfsf] wfs wDsL lbO{ s;} nfO{ cgfxs b'Mv / 606f lbPdf jf
s;}s f] ;DklQ xfgL gf]S ;fgL u/] df .
18
#$s=
✄
#%=
c? P]g adf]lhd d'2f rnfpg clwsf/df afwf gkfg]{ M o; P]g adf]l hd ;hfo x'g]
=== === ===
ck/fw ug]{ JolQm pk/ c? P]g adf]l hd d' 2f rnfpg jf To:tf JolQmnfO{ c? P]g
adf]l hd ;hfosf] efuL x'g jf o; P]g df n]l vPsf b08 ;hfo eGbf a9L c?
;hfosf] efuL x'g o; P] gsf] s' g} s'/fn] afwf kb}{g . t/ s'g} JolQmnfO{ Pp6}
ck/fwdf b'O{ k6s ;hfo eg] x'g ;Sb}g .
❑
#^= k|x/L ljz]if cbfntsf] :yfkgf / u7g M
-!_
o; kl/R5]b cGtu{ t ;hfo x'g] s;"/ ;DaGwL d' 2 fsf] z'? sf/jfxL /
lsgf/f ug{ b]xfosf] bhf{sf] k|x/L sd{ rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf b]x fosf] k| x/L ljz]i f
cbfnt u7g x'g] 5 M–
-s_ k|x/L hjfgb]l v k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs ;Ddsf] nflu lhNnf k|x/L
ljz]i f cbfnt,
-v_ k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfsb]l v k|x /L gfoj pk/LIfs ;Ddsf] nflu ■If]qLo
k|x/L ljz]i f cbfnt,
-u_ k|x/L pk/LIfs / ;f] b]l v dflyNnf] txsf] k|x/L clws[ tsf] nflu
s]Gb| Lo k|x /L ljz]if cbfnt .
■
-@_
p.kbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lhNnf k|x/L ljz]i f cbfnt, If] q Lo k|x/L ljz]if cbfnt
/ s] Gb| Lo k| x/L ljz]i f cbfntsf] u7g cfjZostf cg' ;f/ g] kfn ;/sf/ u[ x
dGqfnon] ug]{5 / k|To]s cbfntdf Gofo ;] jfsf] clws[ tsf] cWoIftfdf
Pshgf k| x/L clws[ t ;lxt tLghgf ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ / sf/afxLdf kg]{
JolQm k|x /L clws[ t ePdf lgheGbf tNnf] >]0 fLsf] clws[ t ljz]i f cbfntdf
/xg] 5}g .
✍
#^s= 5'§} k|x/L
/L ljz]if cbfnt u7g ug]{ ;lsg]
;lsg M bkmf #^ df h' g ;' s} s' /f n]l vPsf]
ePtfklg k| x/L gfoj lg/LIfs jf ;f] b]l v dflyNnf] bhf{s f clws[ t / ;f]xL jf
✄
❑
■
■
✍
t];|f] ;+zf] w gåf/f vf/] h .
t];|f] ;+zf] w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
kfrf}+ ;+zf]w gåf/f ;+zf] lwt .
t];|f] ;+zf] w gåf/f yk .
19
tNnf] txsf k|x/L sd{ rf/L ;d]t ;+ ul7t e} o; kl/R5]b cGtu{tsf] s;"/ u/] df
To:tf] d'2fsf] z'? sf/jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ g] kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf
k| sflzt ul/ 5'§} k|x /L ljz]if cbfntsf] u7g ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
✍
#^v= k'g/fj]bg M
-!_
o; kl/R5] b cGtu{ tsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d' 2fdf bkmf #^ adf]l hdsf] k|x /L
ljz]i f cbfntn] u/] sf] lg0f{ odf lrQ ga' ‰g] JolQmn] Ps txdflysf] k|x /L
ljz]i f cbfntdf k}+l t; lbgleq k'g /fj] bg ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
bkmf #^ sf] pkbkmf -@_
✄
=== === === adf]l hdsf] s]Gb|Lo k|x/L ljz]if cbfnt
jf bkmf #^s= adf]l hdsf] k| x/L ljz]i f cbfntn] u/] sf] lg0f{o pk/ g] kfn
;/sf/ ;dIf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] 5 .
✍
#^u= k|x/L ljz]if cbfntsf] sfo{ljlw M
-!_
o; P]g cGtu{ t u7g ePsf] k|x/L ljz]if cbfntn] cfkmgf] sfo{l jlw cfkm}+
lgwf{ /0f u/L Jojl:yt ug]{5 .
-@_
#&=
o; kl/R5] b cGtu{ tsf] s;"/ ePsf] df Ps jif{leq d' 2 f rnfpg' kg]{ 5 .
st{Jo kfng ubf{ c;n lgotn] sfd u/]df sd{rf/L bf]ifL gx'g] M k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L jf k|x/L sd{ rf/Ln] o; P]g jf c? k| rlnt P] g adf]l hd ug{' kg]{ st{ Jo
kfng ubf{ jf kfPsf] clVtof/ k| of] u ubf{ jf cbfntn] lbPsf] jf hf/L u/] sf]
cf1lKt, cfb]z jf jf/]0 6 tfd] n ubf{ c;n lgotn] u/]sf] df ;hfosf] / xhf{gf ltg]{
efuL x'F b}g .
#*=
d'2f rnfpg] xbDofb M o; P]g jf o; P] g cGtu{ t ag] sf] lgod jf ljlgod
cg' ;f/ jf pQm P]g , lgod jf ljlgodn] clwsf/ lbPsf] eGg] ;D´L s'g} sfd
u/] s f jf ;f] ug]{ cfzon] u/] sf] s' g} sfdsf] ;DaGwdf k|d' v lhNnf clwsf/L jf
k|x/L sd{ rf/L pk/ b]x fodf n]l vP adf]l hd ge} d'2f rNg ;Sb} g .
✍
✄
✍
t];|f] ;+zf] w gåf/f yk .
kfrf} ;+zf]lwgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
t];|f] ;+zf] w gåf/f yk .
20
-s_
d'2f rnfpg] sf/0f / jfbL x'g]s f] / lghsf] jfl/; eP To;sf] gfd / 7] ufgf
vf] nL lnlvt gf]l 6; k| d' v lhNnf clwsf/L, k| x/L sd{ rf/LnfO{ a'´ fPsf] jf
x'nfsåf/f /lhi6«/L u/L k7fPsf] / To;sf] ! k|l t gSsn g] kfn ;/sf/df
k]z u/] s f] ! dlxgf ggf3L,
-v_
#(=
d'2f rnfpg] sf/0f ePsf] * dlxgfleq d'2 f bfo/ geO{ .
lgod / cfb]z agfpg] clwsf/ M
-!_
o; P] gsf] p2] Zo sfof{lGjt ug{ nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgod agfpg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{ ;fdfGotfdf k|l ts" n k| e fj gkf/L
g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfosf] ljifox?df lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k|x/L kmf] ;{sf] u7g / juL{ s/0fsf] Joj:yf af/] .
-v_ k|x/L kmf] ;{sf] lg/LIf0fsf] Joj:yf af/] .
-u_ k|x/L kmf] ;{nfO{ lbOg] xftxltof/, tfgfjfgf, n' ufkmf6f / c? cfjZos
a:t'x ?sf] ljj/0f / ;+ Vof lgwf{l/t ug]{ af/] .
-3_ k|x/L kmf] ;{sf] clws[ t / hjfg a:g] 7fpF tf]Sg] af/] .
-ª_ k|x/Lsf] ;fwg ;DaGwdf k|x/L kmf] ;{sf] :yfkgf, k|a Gw / Joj:yf ug]{
af/] .
-r_ k|x/L kmf] ;{sf] afF 8kmfF 8, v6gk6g, ultljlw / :yfgsf] Joj:yf ug]{
af/] .
-5_ ;a} bhf{ / >] 0fLsf k|x/L sd{ rf/Lsf] st{ Jo ls6fg ug]{ / lghx?n]
cf–cfkmgf] clwsf/ / st{ Jo kfng ug]{ t/Lsf / zt{x? tf]Sg] af/] .
-h_ k|x/Ln] ;' /fs nfpg] / va/ hDdf ug]{ / ;f] hfx]/ ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg] af/] .
-´_ ;fdfGotM k|x /LnfO{ of]Uo agfpg] / lghx?sf] st{ Josf] b' ? kof] u /
nfk/jfxL /f]Sg] af/] .
-#_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] lgod / cfb]z sf] cwLgdf /xL pkbkmf -@_ df
n]lvPsf ljifox? af/] k|x/L dxflg/LIfsn] cfb] z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
21
cg';"rL
kmf/fd
k|x/L P]g , @)!@ adf]l hd === === === === === ===== === === === === k|x/L kmf] ;{sf] hjfg lgo'Qm
x'g' ePsf] 5 / lghn] k|x/L sd{ rf/Lsf] clwsf/, st{ Jo / ;'l jwf kfpg' x'g]5 .
k| df0fkq lbg] clVtof/jfnf
b|i6Jo M
-!_
g]kfn cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg -rf} yf] ;+ z f] wg_ P]g, @)!% åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf
zAb M–
æ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg] kfn ;/sf/Æ
-@_
:yfgLo k|zf;g P]g , @)@@ åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAb M–
æa8fxflsdÆ sf] ;§f æc~rnfwLzÆ
-#_
g]kfn sfg"g -;+zf] wg_ P]g, @)@$ åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M–
-s_ æk'l n;Æ sf] ;§f æk|x/LÆ
-v_ æuh] 6Æ sf] ;§f æ/fhkqÆ
-u_ æclkm;/Æ sf] ;§f æclws[ tÆ
-3_ æ;dgÆ sf] ;§f æ;dfÅfgÆ
-ª_ æl/kf]{ 6Æ sf] ;§f æk|l tj]b gÆ
-r_ æl8u|LÆ sf] ;§f æcf1lKtÆ
-$_
k|x/L -klxnf] ;+z f] wg_ P] g, @)@( åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M–
-s_ æOG;k]S6/ hg/nÆ sf] ;§f ædxflg/LIfsÆ
-v_ æPl8zgnÆ sf] ;§f æcltl/QmÆ
-u_ æ8] k'6LÆ sf] ;§f ægfojÆ
22
-3_ æcl;i6]0 6Æ sf] ;§f æ;xfosÆ
-ª_ æ;' kl/06] 0 8] 06Æ sf] ;§f æpk/LIfsÆ
-r_ æOG;k]S6/Æ sf] ;§f ælg/LIfsÆ
-5_ æ;j OG;k]S6/Æ sf] ;§f ægfoj lg/LIfsÆ
-h_ æcl;i6]0 6 ;a–OG;k]S 6/Æ sf] ;§f æ;xfos lg/LIfsÆ /
-´_ æ;jf]l 8{ g]6 /]+s Æ sf] ;§f ædftxt bhf{ Æ .
-%_
k|x/L -t] ;|f] ;+zf] wg_ P]g , @)#% åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M–
ælhNnf pk/LIfsÆ sf] ;§f æc~rn pk/LIfsÆ
-^_
k|x/L -kfrf}+ ;+ z f] wg_ P]g , @)$* åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M–
-s_ æc~rnfwLzÆ sf] ;§f æk| d'v lhNnf clwsf/LÆ
-v_ æ;l6{l kms] 6Æ sf] ;§f æk|d f0fkqÆ .
23