1. A gannet is a type of sea bird.
When a gannet flies at a constant height above the sea, there is a downward force of 30
N on the gannet.
What is the size of the upward force on the gannet?
Tick the correct box.

(a) Label the arrows to show the names of the forces acting on the gannet as it dives.
Air resistance
Gravity
2. A force of 30 N acts on a box as shown.
6 marks
Find the horizontal and vertical components of the 30 N force.
6 marks
Horizontal component = F cos (Ѳ)
Vertical component = F sin (Ѳ)
30N cos (40°) = 23 N
30N sin (40°) = 19 N
3. Lithium has only two stable isotopes.:
a.
Atomic mass of lithium-6 = ______6______amu
b.
Atomic mass of lithium-7 = ______7______amu
c.
Average atomic mass of a sample containing three lithium-6 atoms and two
lithium-7 atoms. _____6.4______amu
d.
Is the average atomic mass you just determined closer to the mass of lithium-6 or
lithium-7? Explain
Closer the Lithium-6 because it is less than 6.5 which would be the average if Lithium-6 and
Lithium-7 were equally abundant.
3 marks
4.
2 marks
Describe a method to calculate the average atomic mass of the sample in the previous
question using only the atomic masses of lithium-6 and lithium-7.
(Mass of Lithium-6 x abundance of Lithium-6) + (Mass of Lithium-7 x abundance of
Lithium-7)
5. Above is the Periodic Table of Elements. Use it to Answer the following Question:
The reaction of propane gas (CH3CH2CH3 ) with chlorine gas (Cl2) produces two
monochloride products: CH3CH2CH2Cl and CH3CHClCH3. The first is obtained in a
43% yield and the second in a 57% yield.
a. If you use 2.78 g of propane gas, how much chlorine gas would you need for the
reaction to go to completion?
b. How many grams of each product could theoretically be obtained from the
reaction starting with 2.78 g of propane?
c. Use the actual percent yield to calculate how many grams of each product would
actually be obtained.
Space for question 5:
10 marks
Bonus
6. Below are Kinematic Equations.
a.
What do the following variables stand for?
= Instantaneous velocity in the x direction
= acceleration in the y direction
= initial position in the x direction
6 marks
= acceleration due to gravity
= initial angle of the instantaneous action
= time
b. Derive the Range Equation below:
The Range equation factors in motion in the x and y direction.
1
Displacement in the x direction: xf = x0 + vx0t + 2axt
1
2
2
Displacement in the y direction: yf = y0 + vy0t + (-g)t
2
We need to know the time that the object will be in the air (displacement in the y
direction) to know how far it will travel. If yf = y0 then we can set both equal to 0 . That
12 marks
leaves us with the equation for displacement in the y direction being:
1
2
0 = 0 + vy0t + 2(-g)t ; we can then solve for “t”…
1
2
2
1
(-g)t ; (multiply
2
- vy0t = (-g)t ; (divide both sides by “t”)
- vy0 =
by 2)
-2·vy0 = (-g)t ; (divide by “-g”)
2·𝑣𝑦0
𝑔
=t;
Now we can use substitute the time into the time of the displacement in the x direction:
2·𝑣𝑦0
)
𝑔
xf = x0 + vx0(
1
2·𝑣𝑦0 2
);
𝑔
+ 2ax(
In projectile motion where we use the range equation, there is no acceleration in the x
direction so ax = 0; so we are left with
2·𝑣𝑦0
)
𝑔
xf = x0 + vx0(
1
2·𝑣𝑦0 2
);
𝑔
+ 2(0)(
2·𝑣𝑦0
)
𝑔
which is equal to xf = x0 + vx0(
2·𝑣𝑦0
)
𝑔
“xf - x0 = Δx” so we can substitute “Δx” in to make the equation: Δx = vx0(
Also for projectile problems we are given an initial resultant velocity (
see right), so
we can simplify the x and y component velocities with the identities, and solve:
7. The diagram shows two families. Some of the people in the diagram have freckles.
family A
family B
grandparents
Bob married to Emily
John married to Mary
parents
Rachel married to Bill
children
Pam married to David
Richard Penny Simon
Becca
Katie
key
(a)
(i)
and
person with
freckles
and
person without
freckles
Which children are most likely to have freckles?
Tick the correct boxes.
Richard
Simon
Katie
Penny

(a)
(i)
Katie
Becca
both answers are required for the mark
if more than two boxes are ticked,
award no mark
Becca

1
How did you decide? Show your work using the Punnett squares.
any one from
1
 their mother or Pam has freckles
 their father or David has freckles
 their parents have freckles
 their grandmother or Mary has freckles
 only family B has freckles
accept ‘Rachel and Bill do not have freckles’
accept ‘a grandparent has freckles’
accept ‘their family or the family on the right has freckles’
accept ‘freckles run in the family’
accept ‘family A does not have freckles’
Parents
Family B cont
Pam
f
f
f
Ff
ff
Pam
f
ff
ff
F
f
f
ff
Becca
ff
Katie
f
ff
ff
David
Mary
F
Grandparents
Family A
Bob
Parents
Family A cont
Rachel
f
F
FF
Ff
Bill
f
Ff
ff
F
F
Bill
Grandparents
Family B
John
Emily
(ii)
.(ii)
f
Children
Use the letter “f” to symbolize the gene for freckles. Be sure to add the names of the
children and the parents.
(iii)
Suggest why Bill does not have freckles. Use the terms “dominant” and
recessive”.
iii)
his parents or Bob and Emily do not have freckles
1
accept ‘his family does not have freckles’
accept ‘his grandparents do not have
freckles’
accept ‘he is not in family B’ if the
answer for (ii) is ‘only family B has
freckles’
f
Ff
FF
Richard Penny
Ff
Simon
ff
Children
8. We completed a lab in class where we calculated the gravitational constant. Describe the
steps leading up to steps 6 and 7 below, and determine the gravitational constant (G).
G=_____________6.67384 x 10-11____________
8. Write your full formula and check with your instructor.
8 marks
In the equation:
F is the force of gravity (measured in Newtons, N)
G is the gravitational constant of the universe and is always the same number
M is the mass of one object (measured in kilograms, kg)
m is the mass of the other object (measured in kilograms, kg)
r is the distance those objects are apart (measured in meters, m)
So if you know how massive two objects are and how far they are apart, you can figure out
the force between them.
In summary, we calculated the gravitational constant using given force data and deriving or
figuring out proportionality relationships between Mass and gravitational force as well as
distance and gravitational force.
We found that: The Gravitational Force proportional to the mass of the object. Also that
gravitational Force is inversely related to the square of the distance.
We put formulas describing these relationships together and came up with the formula:
However when we plotted data using this formula against actual force data we got different results. Plotting our
calculated results against the actual gravitational force data, we found there to be a difference that grew in
magnitude by a factor of 6.67x10-11 we inserted this into our original equation and this turned out to be the
Gravitational force constant that is part of Newton’s law of universal gravitation (see above)
9. Sailors used to suffer from an illness called scurvy caused by a poor diet on long
journeys. James Lind was a doctor who tested treatments for scurvy. He predicted that
all acids cure scurvy.
I think that all
acids will cure
scurvy.
He gave 6 pairs of sailors with scurvy exactly the same meals but he also gave each
pair a different addition to their diet.
pair of
sailors
(a)
addition to their diet
effect after one week
1
some apple cider
beginning to recover
2
25 drops of very dilute sulphuric acid
to gargle with*
still had scurvy
3
2 teaspoons of vinegar
still had scurvy
4
half a pint of sea water*
still had scurvy
5
2 oranges and 1 lemon
recovered
6
herbs and spices and acidified barley
water
still had scurvy
Does the evidence in the table support the prediction that all acids cure
scurvy?
Tick the correct box.

yes
(a)
No
if more than one box is ticked,
no
1
award no mark
Use the table to explain your answer.
and any one from






(b)
(i)
(b)
both the answer and the explanation
are required for the mark
sulphuric acid did not cure scurvy accept ‘some acids did not cure scurvy’
not all the sailors recovered
accept ‘only pair 5 totally recovered’
only two pairs recovered
only those that had fruit- related additions recovered
some with acid failed to recover
a week is not long enough to show the effect
accept ‘a week is not long enough’
‘only those who received vitamin C
recovered’ is insufficient
Give the one factor James Lind changed in this experiment.
(This is called the independent variable.)
(i) any one from
1
 addition to their diet
do not accept ‘type of food or drink’
 food or drink supplements do not accept ‘kind of meal’
 type of acid
accept ‘the acid’
accept ‘amount of acid’
do not accept conclusions such as ‘4 out of 6 pairs of sailors had scurvy’ 1
(ii)
(ii)
mark
Give the factor James Lind examined in this experiment.
(This is called the dependent variable.)
any one from
1
 whether they recovered
 return to health
 recovery from scurvy
accept ‘scurvy is cured’
 effect after one week
do not accept ‘time to recover’
1 mark
(c)
James Lind’s evidence suggested that oranges and lemons cured scurvy.
At a later time, other scientists did the following:

They separated citric acid from the fruit.

They predicted that citric acid would cure scurvy.

They tested their prediction by giving pure citric acid as an
addition to the diet of sailors with scurvy.

They found it did not cure scurvy.
The scientists had to make a different prediction.
Suggest a new prediction about a cure for scurvy that is consistent with the
evidence collected.
(c)
any one from
1
 there must be a different substance
or something present in fruits that cures scurvy
accept ‘fruits will cure scurvy’
accept ‘vitamin in the fruit would cure
scurvy’
accept ‘vitamin C will cure scurvy’
accept any named vitamin for vitamin C
accept ‘vitamins would have an effect’
‘the acids in oranges and lemons cure
scurvy’ is insufficient
‘oranges and lemons will cure scurvy’ is
insufficient
1 mark
(d)
Explain why it is necessary to investigate the effects of changes in diet over a
period of more than one week.
(d)
any one from
1
 effects due to diet may take more than a week to reveal themselves
accept ‘one week is too short’ or ‘you
need to see long term effects’
 the body takes time to adjust to the diet
 time is needed for the results to reveal themselves
 the effects do not take place before a week
 the longer the time the more reliable the results
accept ‘oranges or lemons might be a
short term cure’
10. The quagga is an extinct animal that lived in Africa. Quaggas belonged to the same
group as zebras.
The drawings below show a zebra and a quagga.
(a)
(a)
Zebras and quaggas used to breed with each other. The offspring contained a
combination of both zebra and quagga genes (genetic information).
How were zebra and quagga genes passed on from the parents to their
offspring?
any one from
 in the eggs and sperm
 on chromosomes
1
accept ‘gametes’ or ‘sex cells’
accept ‘DNA’
accept ‘at fertilisation’
answers must refer to both eggs and
sperm
‘by sexual reproduction’ is insufficient
1 mark
3 marks
(b)
These days there are some zebras that still show some quagga features.
Scientists are using zebras to try to produce quaggas by selective breeding.
Describe the steps in this selective breeding process.
(b)
any three from
3
 choose zebras which look most like quaggas
 breed from them or cross them
 choose the most quagga- like offspring
 breed from the offspring
 repeat the process
accept for two marks ‘mate the zebras
with most quagga genes’
[4]
3 marks
11. Rochelle is flying to New York for her big Broadway debut. If the plane heads out of Los
Angeles with a velocity of 220. m/s in a northeast direction, relative to the ground, and
encounters a wind blowing head-on at 45 m/s, what is the resultant velocity of the plane,
relative to the ground?
3 marks
Her velocity is still NorthEast…. 220-45=175m/s NorthEast.
12. Ned tightens a bolt in his car engine by exerting 12 N of force on his wrench at a
distance of 0.40 m from the fulcrum. How much torque must Ned produce to turn the
bolt?
3 marks
13. At Wellesley College in Massachusetts there is a favorite tradition called hoop rolling. In
their caps and gowns, seniors roll wooden hoops in a race in which the winner is said to
be the first in the class to marry. Hilary rolls her 0.2-kg hoop across the finish line. The
moment of inertia of the hoop is 0.032 kg⋅m2. What is the radius of the hoop?
10 marks
Bonus
64 marks
Total
20 marks
Bonus