Chapter 11: Blood
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The hematocrit is composed mainly of
plasma.
white blood cells.
platelets.
red blood cells.
D
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Fifty-five percent of blood is
liquid.
plasma.
formed elements.
liquid and plasma.
D
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Hemoglobin
contains iron.
carries O2.
is in red blood cells.
is described by all of these characteristics.
D
4.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
__________ is an increased rate of red blood cell destruction.
Sickle-cell disease
Hemolytic anemia
Pernicious anemia
B
5.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
__________ is a genetic disease.
Sickle-cell disease
Hemolytic anemia
Pernicious anemia
A
6.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
__________ is a lack of vitamin.
Sickle-cell disease
Hemolytic anemia
Pernicious anemia
C
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7.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
__________ are granules.
neutrophiles
lymphocytes
neutrophiles and lymphocytes
A
8.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
__________ are white blood cells.
neutrophiles
lymphocytes
neutrophiles and lymphocytes
C
9.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
__________ are mononuclear.
neutrophiles
lymphocytes
neutrophiles and lymphocytes
B
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Leukemia involves
uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells.
a decrease in leukocyte production.
a viral infection.
a bacterial infection.
A
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Platelets
have a nucleus.
are cell fragments.
are produced in the spleen.
are described by all of these characteristics.
B
12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Blood transports
oxygen.
glucose.
urea.
all of these.
D
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figure 11.1
13. Which letter in figure 11.1 indicates the movement of oxygen and glucose?
Ans: b
14. Which letter in figure 11.1 points to the arteriole?
Ans: a
15. Which letter in figure 11.1 indicates the movement of water and carbon dioxide?
Ans: c
16.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which pressure is greater on the arteriole side?
blood
osmotic
blood and osmotic are the same
A
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
An increase in the osmotic pressure of the blood results in a(n)
increase in blood volume.
decrease in blood volume.
decrease in the amount of tissue fluid.
increase in blood volume and a decrease in the amount of tissue fluid.
D
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What is needed for hemostasis?
platelets
proteins
vitamin K
all of these
D
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Serum is plasma minus
platelets.
fibrinogen.
prothrombin.
Both B and C are correct.
D
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20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which type of white blood cell has the lowest percentage in a blood sample?
lymphocytes
eosinophils
basophils
monocytes
C
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which type of white blood cell has the largest percentage in a blood sample?
eosinophils
neutrophils
basophils
lymphocytes
B
22. The hormone that is released by the kidney that promotes the production of red blood
cells is
A) insulin.
B) thyroxin.
C) erythropoietin.
D) estrogen.
Ans: C
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The most common type of plasma protein is
fibrinogen.
albumin.
prothrombin.
globulin.
B
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Blood type is determined by
antigens in the plasma.
antigens on red blood cells.
antibodies in the plasma.
antibodies on red blood cells.
B
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A person with blood type O has which antigen?
A
B
A and B
neither A nor B
D
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26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A person with blood type B has which antibodies?
A
B
A and B
neither A nor B
A
27.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
When does an Rh-negative person get antibodies to the Rh antigen?
at birth
when exposed to Rh antigen
an Rh-negative person will never get antibodies
B
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which could result in hemolytic disease of the newborn?
mother Rh–; father Rh+
mother Rh+; father Rh–
mother Rh–; father Rh–
mother Rh+; father Rh+
A
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Rh immunoglobin
is used to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn.
contains anti-Rh antibodies.
contains Rh antigens.
is used to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn and contains anti-Rh antibodies.
D
figure 11.2
30. Which lettered slide in figure 11.2 is blood type A–?
Ans: b
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31. Which lettered slide in figure 11.2 is blood type O+?
Ans: a
32. Which lettered slide in figure 11.2 is blood type B+?
Ans: c
33. Which lettered slide in figure 11.2 is blood type AB–?
Ans: d
34. Compare neutrophils and lymphocytes.
Ans: Neutrophils are phagocytes and digest microbes. Lymphocytes are of two types and
play a role in immunity. The B lymphocytes produce antibodies and the T cells attack
and destroy foreign cells.
35. List the three categories of formed elements in blood and give their functions.
Ans: Red blood cells transport oxygen; platelets aid in clotting; and the white blood cells
fight infection.
36. Describe the exchange of materials between the blood and the tissues. Indicate what is
leaving and what is entering the blood.
Ans: At the capillaries, oxygen and nutrients leave the blood and enter the cells while carbon
dioxide and waste products leave the cells and enter the blood.
37. A baby is born with A positive blood to a mother with A negative blood. The baby
exhibits hemolytic disease. What causes this condition?
Ans: The condition results from the newborn baby's red blood cells being destroyed by the
anti-Rh antibodies produced by the mother.
38. Bobby has sickle-cell disease. He complains of pain in his abdomen and legs. Why
might his pain be due to a lack of oxygen to body parts?
Ans: The distorted cells block capillaries and interrupt the flow of blood to tissues, causing
pain and ulceration.
39. A baby who drinks only milk and does not eat solids might develop what form of
anemia?
Ans: Iron deficiency anemia.
40. What functions of blood contribute to homeostasis?
Ans: Blood brings nutrients to the cells and removes their wastes.
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41. Compare iron deficiency, pernicious, aplastic, and hemolytic anemia, and sickle-cell
disease with regard to what causes the disease.
Ans: Iron deficiency anemia - normal number of RBCs but low blood hemoglobin level,
likely because the diet does not contain sufficient iron
Pernicious anemia - low RBC count because the intestine cannot absorb enough vitamin
B12, which is required for RBC formation
Aplastic anemia - low RBC count because the red bone marrow has been damaged
Hemolytic anemia - low RBC count because RBCs are being destroyed at a high rate
Sickle-cell disease - hereditary condition causing RBCs to assume a sickle-shape.
These cells rupture and wear out more easily than normal RBCs.
42. Describe leukemia.
Ans: Leukemia is a form of cancer characterized by uncontrolled production of abnormal
white blood cells. These cells accumulate in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen,
and liver and disrupt the functioning of these organs.
43. List the five categories of white blood cells and describe their functions.
Ans: See text.
44. Compare plasma, tissue fluid, and serum with regard to composition.
Ans: Plasma is the fluid component of the blood (everything except the formed elements).
Tissue fluid is basically plasma that has been forced out of the capillaries and bathes the
body tissues. Tissue fluid, however, does not contain the larger plasma proteins. Serum
contains all of the components of plasma with the exception of fibrinogen.
45. Compare the arteriolar and venular ends of a capillary with regard to blood pressure and
osmotic pressure.
Ans: At the arteriolar end of a capillary, the blood pressure is about 40 mm Hg while the
osmotic pressure is about 25 mm Hg. At the venular end of a capillary, the blood
pressure is about 10 mm Hg while the osmotic pressure is about 25 mm Hg.
46. List the reactions that occur during the production of a blood clot (Hint - Begin with
prothrombin and end with fibrin).
Ans: 1. Prothrombin is converted into thrombin by prothrombin activator.
2. Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin by thrombin.
47. Differentiate between thrombus and embolus.
Ans: A thrombus is a blood clot that remains stationary in a blood vessel. An embolus is a
thrombus that has dislodged and is being transported by the blood.
48. Differentiate between antibody and antigen.
Ans: Antigens are substances (often proteins) that are foreign to the body and that cause the
immune system to produce antibodies. Antibodies are plasma proteins (gamma
globulins) produced by white blood cells that bind to antigens to help fight infection.
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49.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The plasma proteins that have the greatest effect on osmotic pressure are
albumins
fibrinogens
globulins
hormones
A
50.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The cells that give rise to red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells are called
erythroblasts
megakaryoblasts
lymphatic stem cells
myeloid stem cells
D
51.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Whereas diffusion occurs ______of a capillary, osmosis occurs _______.
along the entire length, at the arterial end
along the entire length, at the venous end
at the arterial end, along the entire length
at the venous end, along the entire length
B
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