BtN: Episode 14 Transcript 31/05/16
Hello my name is Nathan Bazley. Welcome to BtN!
Coming up today:

For World Environment Day we travel to South Africa to find out how rhino are
being protected from poachers.

Zoe joins the BtN reporting team to let us know what it's like to have cystic
fibrosis.

And Kind Classrooms wraps up with a look at how you guys helped make the
world a better place.
You can see all those amazing stories soon. But first, the biggest headlines from this
week. Let's do it.
This Week in News
Malcolm Turnbull and Bill Shorten have faced off in the first major leaders' debate of
the federal election. The Prime Minister focused on jobs and growth, while the
Opposition Leader emphasised fairness and trust. But many have labelled the
debate predictable and even a bit boring.
A school in Redfern has helped to prepare a pretty impressive art installation for
Reconciliation Week this week. The students from Jarjum College planted the Sea of
Hands near Sydney Harbour to support a more inclusive Australia. The Sea of
Hands has a long history in the country, the first one was installed outside of
Parliament House in 1997 by people who supported land rights for Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander people.
And if you hate spiders maybe these little guys will change your mind! Brightly
coloured dancing Peacock spiders have been getting a bit of attention lately. After an
Aussie scientist discovered seven new species of them!
JURGEN OTTO, BIOLOGIST: Normally people think of spiders as something ugly,
scary and dangerous but they're learning through my photographs and videos they're
cute and colourful and adorable.
And why the funky moves? Well, it's all about attracting a mate.
DAVID KNOWLES, SPIDER SPECIALIST: The males that have the best routines
and best colour combination they will get to spread their genes into the next
generations.
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Levels of Government
Reporter: Carl Smith
INTRO: Now, as you saw there, federal pollies are still running around the country
and doing debates trying to convince people to vote for them. But while this time it's
the federal guys up for election at other times it's state or local governments
campaigning for a go. So how do these three different levels of government work
together to keep Australia on track? Take a look.
In a land called Australia, three super heroes fight for the people. Federal woman,
State man and Local boy.
KID CITIZEN: Help help! No one's collected my rubbish for weeks!
LOCAL BOY: Never fear, Local boy will keep your bins clear!
KID CITIZEN: My school's closing down - can you help!?
STATE MAN: Don't worry citizen. State man has just finished building a school even
closer to your home!
KID CITIZEN: I don't have enough money - taxes are too high!
FEDERAL WOMAN: Federal woman can fix that.
KID CITIZEN: Wow!
These three super heroes each have their own unique powers. Just like the three
levels of Australian government they're named after. The biggest is Australia's
federal government and it takes care of the country as a whole. It has the
responsibility of defending the nation, and deals with trade and other countries. It
also keeps a close eye on managing Australian money, taxes, communications and
the environment.
State and Territory governments control each of Australia's six states and two
territories. And they have different responsibilities like health, education, mining and
agriculture. They also watch over most of the police force and the courts, roads,
trains and public transport.
At the bottom of the list is local government. And while its powers may not sound as
impressive, there are more than 500 local governments around the country. They
maintain local roads, deal with garbage and pets. And they're in charge of local
buildings and permits.
But the country hasn't always had three levels of government, or three super heroes
looking over it, either. Back in the old days of Australia, the states were their own
separate colonies and just governed themselves! But then in 1901 the Federation of
Australia united the colonies into the Commonwealth of Australia. And with that the
states passed many of their powers to the new federal government.
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STATE MAN: Federal woman! On this day I give to you some of my powers to help
me govern the nation.
But as the population grew, state governments found it hard to manage all of the
responsibilities they still had. So in the 1970s local governments became popular,
they were given more money and some powers of their own.
LOCAL BOY: I humbly accept these powers.
That's how things still are today, and the system usually works pretty well. But every
now and then there is an overlap in responsibilities, or they disagree.
STATE MAN: I think that we should this small road into a highway!
FEDERAL WOMAN: I don't think that's a good idea.
That's why they have rules about who runs what, and if they disagree then federal
overrules state and state overrules local.
STATE MAN: Fine. We'll do it your way.
And that's how these three super heroes work together to keep our country running
smoothly.
World Environment Day
Reporter: Ayshah - Newsround
INTRO: Okay next up, we're looking at World Environment Day coming up on June
the 5th. The aim of this year's event is to bring attention to the horrors of the wildlife
trade. UK's kids news show Newsround sent their reporter, Ayshah, to South Africa
to meet some of the people helping to protect rhinos from just that.
REPORTER: My journey is starting in the Kruger National Park region. This wildlife
reserve covers a large area. I can't quite believe that I'm so close to all of these wild
animals.
Just behind me there's a herd of zebras. Over there there's some buffalo and off in
the distances there's some rhino just chilling out. It might look like there's loads of
animals around, but actually keeping these animals safe is quite a tough job.
The problem is being caused by poaching which is the illegal hunting on animals.
Across Africa since 2008 nearly 6000 rhino have been lost. Poachers hunt animals
like rhino and elephants to sell their body parts. Although lots of leaders around the
world have made an agreement to stop illegal animal parts from coming in to their
countries, it's still happening and it hasn't stopped the poachers.
I've been invited by head Ranger Chris to join him on one of his patrols. Day in, day
out, the rangers here must check on all the animals and make sure none of them
have been a victim of poaching overnight.
REPORTER: What's going on with his horn? Why is his horn like that?
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CHRIS: You see the horn there is rather square. All that's happened is we de-horned
him.
REPORTER: Is that quite sad because it’s part of their identity isn’t it?
CHRIS: I wanted to cry when we cut them off, but to save the rhinos we have no
option but to do it.
REPORTER: How long until there aren't many rhinos left?
CHRIS: Well, they’re disappearing at an alarming rate now and I reckon in 15 years
they’ll be finished there won't be any rhino left in the wild. You'll only see them in
pictures and in a zoo.
REPORTER: My journey's now taking me to the Eastern Cape of South Africa and
one of the most high tech wildlife reserves in the world.
I've seen the problems that poaching has caused and now I've come to meet the
people who say they may have a solution.
'LB' leads a team of rangers who are using technology in the fight against poaching.
LB: We test different types of technologies and try to prove the application how they
can be successful in the field anything from boots all the way up to advanced
sensors that have never been used before.
The animals are most at risk at night, because the dark makes it harder for the
poachers to be seen.
Whilst out in the field, we use specialist night vision cameras to help us try to spot
any poachers or anything out of the ordinary.
Why do you think poachers risk their lives to do something like this?
LB: A lot of times they have nothing else because there's so much poverty here,
they don’t have another way to make money and they can make more money so fast
here that they’re willing to do it.
LB and his team never give up and they work through the night to keep the animals
safe.
In the last 10 years, half of the world’s rhino have been killed. If poaching continues
at this rate, the species will be wiped from the face of the planet for good. Humans
have caused this problem and the demand for ivory and horn needs to stop. But
people like Chris, LB and you can be the solution.
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Did You Know
Did you know rhino horns are made out of the same substance as our hair and
nails?
It's called keratin.
Cystic Fibrosis
Rookie Reporter: Zoe
INTRO: Now, last Friday was 65 roses day. It's called 65 roses because the young
boy who inspired it couldn't pronounce his own illness cystic fibrosis so he called it
65 roses instead. It's a condition that affects lots of kids, including this week's rookie
reporter, Zoe. We asked her to tell us more about it.
ZOE: Hi, my name's Zoe. I'm 13 years old. Although I'm probably just like you in a lot
of ways, there's something that makes me different. I was born with cystic fibrosis.
Cystic fibrosis or CF is a genetic disorder. That means I was born with it and I'll
always have it. I didn't catch it from someone else. CF mainly affects my lungs and
another bit of me called my pancreas. That's the part of my body that helps break
down the fat in my food. Because of CF my lungs clog up with thick mucosey stuff.
That makes it hard for me to breathe properly. It traps bacteria too, which means I'm
more likely to get a bad infection. On top of that, my pancreas doesn't do what it's
supposed to so I have to take medication to fix that each time I eat.
Growing up I was in hospital a lot. Sometimes I had to stay in hospital for weeks at a
time. While I'm in there I can't go to school so I miss out on a lot and usually I have
heaps of homework to catch up on. That can get pretty full on.
When I'm at home I still have to go in for regular checks and if the doctors find
something like an infection, even if I don't have any symptoms like a runny nose, I
have to stay in hospital and take lots of medicine to get rid of it. That's because
something like a little cold for you could actually turn out really serious for me.
Because of the mucus in my body, infections can damage my lungs and cause
serious problems. So I have to make sure I protect myself every day. I clean my
hands a lot, wear a mask whenever I have to go into the hospital, sometimes I have
to miss out on things, like school camps and excursions and I take heaps of
medication. Like, heaps!
These are all my tablets I have to take in a day and they all do different things. For
20 minutes a day I have to breathe into this. This is called a nebuliser. My medicine
goes in through here and then I have to take some deep breaths in so the medicine
can travel straight to my lungs.
More than three thousand people in Australia have cystic fibrosis like me and right
now, there's no cure. By spreading awareness and helping people learn more about
CF, one day I hope we will find a cure.
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Quiz 1
Quiz Opener
What is the name of the pipe that goes from your mouth to your lungs?
Is it 
The Throat Pipe

The Oesophagus

Or the Trachea
Answer: Trachea
River Kids
Rookie Reporter: Tyrone
INTRO: The Murray River is an incredibly important water system in Australia. It
spans three states and its catchment area is the third largest on earth. But it's also
facing some challenges. On Monday, June the 6th BtN will premiere 'River Kids' a
documentary that tells the story of the Murray River through the eyes of the kids that
live alongside it. But today we have a sneak peek just for you guys. Here's Rookie
Reporter Tyrone to tell you what the river means to his people - the Ngarrindjeri.
TYRONE: This is a dance for the river. It calls on our ancestors to put the spirit back
into the land and into the water and heal it. My name's Tyrone and I'm Ngarrindjeri.
For tens of thousands of years my people have lived at the Coorong, where the river
meets the sea. We call it Murrundi and you know it as the Murray. The story starts
where the Murray and the Darling meet and Ngurunderi's looking for his two wives
and as he's looking for them he's gone underwater and he sees Ponde, the giant
river cod so he chases him and then he gets his brother in law Nepele to help him so
Nepele ends up spearing the fish and as they get the fish Ngurunderi cuts up the fish
into tiny pieces and each piece represents a new fish so he gave life, many lives out
of one life.
TYRONE: Aboriginal people fished the river from canoes they made from the bark of
the Red Gum trees. If you travel along the river you can still see canoe trees, some
of them are hundreds of years old.
TYRONE: But Ngarrindjeri people like my Grandfather have seen the river change.
MAJOR SUMNER, NGARRINDJERI ELDER: We'd go out on a boat and you'd be
able to see the fish swimming into the nets. The Coorong was like looking through
clear water. You can't see them now. The water was changing a different colour. You
know, everything was getting bad. The fish were dying, the birds, the river, the lakes,
the Coorong. It was dying.
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TYRONE: European settlers changed the river so they can use it as transport and for
farming. They built irrigation pipes and channels to take the water to towns and to
farms like this one.
LATARA: 40 percent of the food grown in Australia comes from the Murray-Darling
Basin and that's why irrigation is so important because if we didn't have irrigation
then the Murray-Darling Basin wouldn't be irrigated and we didn't have that much
water to water the plants to grow food to go to Australia.
TYRONE: People are starting to realise that they can't just take what they want from
the river, so part of that's understanding more about how it works and that's what
these guys are doing.
REGAN: I think it's very important for everyone to learn about the science of the river
because it's our environment and we're gonna have to look after it 'cause everything
we do affects the environment and the river.
MAJOR: If you live in this country now, you have to change your way of how you live,
of how you treat the waters, how you treat the land because this earth is not going to
last that long if we don't change.
TYRONE: For Australia, the river's like the blood in our veins. It brings us together
and it brings us life and that's why we need to share it in the good times and in the
bad.
Quiz 2
And as I said earlier you can see the full River Kids doco. Monday 6th of June at
10am right here on ABC 3.
Or you can just head to iView! Now for a quiz.
How long is the Murray River?

8km

508km

2,508km
The answer is: 2508km
Kind Classrooms
Now to our month long quest for kindness! More than 100 classes signed up to our
Kind Classrooms campaign. And the ways you thought of making a difference were
absolutely awesome. So a big thank you for getting into the spirit of it!
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We're going to put all of the videos we receive up on our website in full. But in the
meantime here's a quick look at some of our favourites.
Sport
Australia has won the World 7s Rugby Championship, while they finished runner-up
to Canada in the latest tournament in France. It was more than enough for the
Aussies to earn the overall title after winning 3 of 5 tournaments in the series.
Aussie F1 racer, Daniel Ricciardo was left feeling pretty unhappy about his second
place at the Monaco Grand Prix. The Aussie was in front 33 laps in. But his racing
team, Red Bull made a mistake in the pits.
COMMENTATOR: They're late, they're late, can you believe it.
Ricciardo lost the lead to Lewis Hamilton and didn't manage to get it back.
RICCIARDO: I don't even want to even comment on the race to be honest.
And Aussie walker Jared Tallent has finally got his hands on Olympic gold 4 years
after finishing his race. Back at the London Olympics in 2012 Jared came 2nd in the
50 kay walk. But recently it was revealed that the gold medallist used performance
enhancing drugs.
So now Jared has been sent his rightful gold and he awarded it to himself in a
special ceremony right in his own backyard.
Surfing Titles
Reporter: Nic Maher
INTRO: Finally today some of Australia's best Indigenous surfers hit Bells Beach
recently for the Australian Indigenous Surfing titles. Among the pros were two
talented kids, 12-year old Taj and 14-year old Summer who'd been training for the
big event all year. Here's what happened.
Summer and Taj are two young groms hoping to make a big splash in the surfing
scene. They come from a family that lives and breathes surfing and one of their
favourite events is the Aussie Indigenous Surfing Titles.
SUMMER: It's great, like, how the Indigenous community, like, comes and we all
come together and we surf together and it's all good experience and, like, it
encourages, like, younger surfers, like, to come out and surf with us.
But even though surfing's in their blood, it's no walk in the park for Taj and Summer.
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There aren't any junior events at the titles, so Taj and Summer have to step up to the
big leagues and compete with adults.
But, that didn't seem to faze Summer last year, when she won the Open Women's
comp!
SUMMER SIMON: I was only 13 when I first won Bells and I was, like, so stoked to
win it at that that stage and, yeah, it was really good. I'm just hoping there's more
girls, so then, like - maybe, like, a bit more competition and I'll surf better and it will
be more fun.
Once the comp started, Summer once again stole the show.
After some impressive runs, she came out on top in the final, making it back to back
championships.
SUMMER: Well, I feel like super stoked, happy to be out there. It's Bells Beach, you
don't get to surf out there often.
But despite the big win, Summer says she's still got room to improve.
SUMMER: I've grown up surfing all my life. I was never really good. I used to not be
able to stand up. But as soon as I learned to duck dive and stand up properly, I
started getting better and better and I've still got more room for improvement. But
never give up on anything otherwise you won't make it. You've got to work hard and
achieve your goals.
CLOSER
Great work Summer! And that brings us to an end for today. Thanks to all of the
schools that got involved in Kind Classrooms this month and I can't wait to show you
what we have in store for June! See you then!
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