23
7% Annual
Growth
22
Natural gas (Industrial)
Gasoline
No. 2 Fuel Oil
Natural Gas (utility)
No. 6 Fuel Oil
Wood/Solid Waste
Coal
Nuclear
21
20
19
18
17
16
Fuel Price ($/GJ)
15
14
13
12
11
10
5% Annual
Growth
9
8
7
4% Annual
Growth
6
5
3% Annual
Growth
4
3
2% Annual
Growth
2
1
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Year
2000
2005
2010
2015
©Prices for fuels on an energy-equivalent basis. Numbers are U.S. averages, delivered. [From
U.S. Dept. of Energy (www.eia.doe.gov). The Oil and Gas Journal (www.ogjonline.com), and
informal sources. Values for gasoline do not include taxes, which may add from 30 to 50%,
depending on the location.] Figure reproduced from Chemical Engineering Process Design and
Economics – A Practical Guide© by Ulrich and Vasudevan.