1 SECONDARY SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT
PROGRAMME (SSIP) 2014
GRADE 12
SUBJECT:
GEOGRAPHY
EXTRA LEARNER NOTES
(Page 1 of 42)
© Gauteng Department of Education
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SESSION
NO
1
TOPIC
2
Mapwork Exam
Weather and Climate
11 - 19
3
Geomorphology
19 - 30
4
Human Geography - Settlement And South
Africa
31 - 42
PAGE
© Gauteng Department of Education
3 - 10
3 EXTRA SESSION NO: 1
TOPIC: MAPWORK TEST
Duration: 1 ½ hours
Total: 75
Instructions:
1. Answer the questions on this question paper in the space provided.
2. Start all calculations with the appropriate formula and show all steps.
3. Measure accurately.
4. Keep your work neat.
5. Do not damage the map or photo and do not make any pen marks on it.
6. Return the photos and maps at the end of the session
7. You may only use your own map work equipment.
8. Use the 2730 DD Vryheid topographic map and the 2730 DD 2 Vryheid
orthophoto map to answer the questions;
9. Good Luck
Question 1: Multiple choice
[15]
Choose the correct answer and write the correct letter in the space provided.
1.1.
The map code of the map Northeast of the 2730 DD Vryheid map is ...
a. 2730 DA
b. 2731 CA
c. 2730 BA
d. 2831 AA
1.2.
________
Vryheid is at …… parallel (latitude)
a. 30° S
b. 27° E
c. 30° E
d. 27° S
1.3
The orthophoto map has a scale …………. than the topographical map.
a.
10 times larger
b.
5 times smaller
c.
5 times larger
________
© Gauteng Department of Education
4 d.
1.4
10 times smaller
________
This orthophoto map covers mostly ……
1.5
a.
rural areas
b.
industrial areas
c.
urban areas
d.
mining areas
________
The contour interval on the orthophoto map is ……
1.6.
a.
20m
b.
10m
c.
5m
d.
4m
________
Spot heights, bench-marks, trigonometrical stations and contour lines on the
topographical map represent ……
1.7
1.8
1.9
a.
lines joining places of equal height
b.
altitude (height) above sea level
c.
the height of natural features such as mesas
d.
the gradient of the area
The grid reference of ▲367 (block A1) is …………
a.
27°45’03” S; 30°45’28” E
b.
27°45’03” E; 30°45’28” S
c.
30°15’28” E; 27°45’03” S;
d.
27°45’28” S; 30°15’03” E
________
The area to the north on the orthophoto is so dark because it is a/an....
a.
large water mass
b.
area where a veld fire occurred
c.
area that reflects a lot of light
d.
woodland
The feature labelled 7 on the orthophoto map is a/an....
________
© Gauteng Department of Education
________
5 1.10
a.
industrial area
b.
office park
c.
school
d.
shopping centre
________
Identify the street pattern found at Bhekuzulu on the map.
a.
Gridiron
b.
Planned irregular
c.
Radial
d.
Unplanned irregular
________
1.11. The neighbouring town to west of Vryheid is Kingsley and it is approximately
...km from Vryheid.
a.
27 km
b.
29 km
c.
47 km
d.
32 km
_____
1.12. The service/infrastructure labelled I (i) on the topographic map is a/an....
1.13
a.
pipeline
b.
transport network
c.
railway
d.
power lines
Besterspruit flows....
a.
south
b.
north
c.
northeast
d.
southwest
1.14. The main primary economic activities in the area around Vryheid are ……
a.
fishing and crop farming
b.
forestry and mining
c.
livestock and crop farming
© Gauteng Department of Education
6 d.
mining and livestock farming
1.15. The landform labelled J on the topographic map is a/an....
a.
valley
b.
spur
c.
ridge
d.
hill
(15 x 1 = 15)
Question 2: Map Calculations
[25]
2.1.1. Calculate the rail distance from Sikame station (block A7) to Hlobane.
(3)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.1.2. Calculate the time it would take a train to cover the distance you have
calculated in question 2.1.1. if it is travelling at 50 km/h
(3)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.2.1. Calculate the gradient between the dot at 1 and the spot height at 5 on the
orthophoto map.
(4)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.2.2. Describe the gradient.
(1)
______________________________________________________________
© Gauteng Department of Education
7 2.3.
Calculate the area covered by the map km².
(3)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2.4.1. Measure the true bearing from ▲362 (block B4) to ▲367 (block A1).
___________________________________________________________(2)
2.4.2. Calculate the present magnetic declination for the map.
(3)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2.4.3. Calculate the magnetic bearing for the points mentioned in 2.4.1.
(2)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2.5.
Draw freehand cross sections and identify the landforms you drew.
Landform along line labelled L on map
(4)
Landform Besterkop (block C7) – from
west to east
Question 3: General map and photo interpretation
3.1.
[25]
Climate and geomorphology interpretation
3.1.1. Identify the winds that will blow at the settlement Beaufort (block F7)
during winter nights.
(1)
______________________________________________________________
© Gauteng Department of Education
8 3.1.2. Describe the microclimate that may have influenced the situation of Beaufort.
Refer to three factors.
(3 x 1 = 3)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3.1.3. Explain how Vryheid’s microclimate will differ from that of the surrounding rural
area.
(2 x 2 = 4)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3.1.4. Describe the drainage density in this area and account for this drainage
density.
(2 x 2 = 4)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3.1.5. Justify the statement that erosion is a problem in this area.
(1 x 2 = 2)
______________________________________________________________
3.2.
Settlement and economic interpretation
3.2.1. The area on the orthophoto is the rural urban fringe. Give evidence from the
map to justify this statement.
(3 x 1 = 3)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3.2.2. Locate the area Bhekuzulu on the orthophoto map. Give TWO pieces of
evidence from the orthophoto map to support the statement that it is a lowcost housing scheme.
(2 x 1 = 2)
______________________________________________________________
© Gauteng Department of Education
9 3.2.3. Identify the settlement pattern of the settlement in the north eastern corner of
block A4.
(1 x 2 = 2)
_____________________________________________________________
3.2.4. State one advantage and one disadvantage of living in a settlement like the
one you identified in 3.2.3.
(2 x 1 = 2)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3.2.5. What evidence is there on the topographical map that small-scale, intensive
farming is being practised in the area shown in block D1 and D2?
(2 x 1 = 2)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Question 4: GIS
4.1
[20]
Complete the following table to describe a GIS.
Components – give 2 examples
(4)
Functional Elements - give two
examples
4.2.
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(6)
4.2.1. Spatial data shows the shape and location of geographical features.________
4.2.2. Vector and Raster data are examples of spatial data.
________
4.2.3. Attribute data is stored in related tables and can be displayed as labels on a
map.
4.2.4. Hardware is the programs you need for a GIS analysis
________
________
4.2.5. Raster data consist of pixels in a grid and each pixel has a unique value.
________
4.2.6. Satellite images and aerial photographs are examples of remote sensing
________
4.3.
Data security is an important issue in GIS
© Gauteng Department of Education
10 4.3.1 Suggest a reason why GIS information around an installation like a nuclear
power plant would be restricted, while it would be freely available for a
suburban area.
(1 x 2 = 2)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4.3.2 Suggest one way in which the sensitive data around the nuclear power plant
could be protected.
(1 x 2 = 2)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4.3.2 In your opinion, are there also security risks involved in having, for example,
high-resolution aerial photos/satellite images of suburban areas freely
available on the internet? Motivate your answer.
(2 x 2 = 4)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4.4.
The roots of exotic trees extract water from the soil very effectively. Suggest a
way in which buffering can be used to help planners reduce loss of base flow
into streams.
(1 x 2 = 2)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
TOTAL:
75
© Gauteng Department of Education
11 EXTRA SESSION NO: 2
TOPIC: WEATHER AND CLIMATE
SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1: 16 minutes
[20]
Original questions
Study the diagrams below illustrating different features of a Mid-latitude
Cyclone
Figure 1 a
Figure 1 b
Figure 1 c
1.1.
Which one of the diagrams illustrates a map view of the mid-latitude cyclone?
(1)
1.2. In which hemisphere did this weather system develop?
(1)
1.3. Motivate you answer in question 1.2 with evidence form figure 1 c. (1 x 2 = 2)
1.4. Give three characteristics from figure 1c to proof that this is a mid-latitude
cyclone.
(3 x 1 = 3)
1.5. Identify the fronts illustrated by figure 1a and 1b respectively.
(2 x 1 = 2)
1.6. Justify your answers in question 1.4.
(2 x 2 = 2)
1.7. In what stage of development is this mid-latitude cyclone?
(1)
1.8. Identify two pieces of evidence from figure 1C to motivate your answer in
question 1.7.
(2 x 1 = 2)
1.9. Identify the most common clouds that will form in figure 1a and 1b
respectively.
(2 x 1 = 2)
1.10. Explain how the westerly winds will influence the movement of mid- latitude
cyclones.
(1 x 2 = 2)
1.11. Describe two weather changes that will take place at the cold front. (2 x 2 = 4)
© Gauteng Department of Education
12 QUESTION 2:
16 Minutes
[20]
Original Questions
2.
Study the cartoon above and answer the questions below.
2.1.
2.2.
Identify the weather system that this cartoon depicts.
(1)
Give two pieces of evidence from the cartoon to substantiate your answer in
question 2.1.
(2 x 1 = 2)
In which hemisphere did this weather feature occur?
(1)
Motivate you answer with evidence from the cartoon.
(1 x 2 = 2)
Give an appropriate name to this weather phenomenon if it is the fifth of these
types of storms in the season.
(1)
List THREE characteristics of this type of storm that cause damage to coastal
areas.
(3 x 1 = 3)
Under what circumstances do these storm dissipate?
(2 x 1 = 2)
This type of weather phenomenon develops under very specific conditions.
Write a paragraph to describe the conditions necessary for the development of
this storm.
(4 x 2 = 8)
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
© Gauteng Department of Education
13 QUESTION 3:
16 Minutes
[20]
Subtropical Anticyclones (High-Pressure Cells) and the Resultant Weather over
South Africa
Figure 3
Figure 3 C
Figure 3 D
X
X
Z
Y
© Gauteng Department of Education
Y
14 3.1.1. Identify the anticyclones labelled X, Y and Z on the maps.
(3 x 1 = 3)
3.1.2. Describe the air movement in these cyclones.
(3 x 1 = 3)
3.1.3. Account for the different positions of the anti-cyclones in figures 3 c & d.
(2 x 2 = 4)
3.1.4. Which of the three anti-cyclone identified in question 3.1.1 is illustrated in
figures 3 a & b?
(1)
3.2. Define the term temperature inversion.
(1)
3.3. Match the two cross sections (figure 3 a & b) with the conditions on the two
maps (figure 3 c & d)
(2 x 1 = 2)
3.4.1. Which two figures illustrates conditions that will lead to rainfall over the
interior?
(2 x 1 = 2)
3.4.2. Explain by using the information on the diagrams how rain in the interior of the
country is possible.
(3 x 2 = 4)
QUESTION 4:
8 Minutes
[10]
Study the sketch below and answer the following questions.
Figure 4
4.1.
Valley Climates
Identify the features illustrated at B, C and D.
(3 x 1 = 3)
4.2.1. Does this sketch illustrated day or night conditions?
4.2.2. Explain how these conditions develop in a valley.
(1)
(4 x 1 = 4)
4.3.
Identify TWO human activities that will be influenced by the conditions in a
valley.
(2 x 1 = 2)
© Gauteng Department of Education
15 QUESTION 5:
8 Minutes
[10]
Study the map figure 5 and answer the following questions:
Figure 5: Isotherms over a city where the temperatures are warmer that the
surrounding rural areas.
www.epa.gov/heatisland/about/measuring.htm
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
Identify the micro-climatic feature illustrated in figure 5.
(1)
Define an isotherm.
(1)
How much warmer is the CBD of this city than the surrounding rural areas? (1)
Explain why cities are warmer that the rural areas around them.
(3 x 1 = 3)
Explain how the warmer temperatures will affect humidity and precipitation in
cities.
(2 x 2 = 4)
QUESTION 6: Interpretation of Synoptic Weather Maps 24 Minutes
Study the resources below and answer the questions that follows.
Cyclone Irina wreaks havoc in KZN
March 5 2012 at 09:44am
By Lungelo Mkamba, Kyle Venktess and Sapa
© Gauteng Department of Education
[30]
16 Hundreds of families have been left homeless and many roads and streets in Durban
and other coastal areas north of the city right up to Kosi Bay were turned into raging
rivers as tropical storm Irina wreaked havoc across the province at the weekend.
Although Irina had been downgraded from a cyclone to a tropical storm, it still
remained a threat to the coast, police and disaster services warned on Sunday night.
Stalled cars were a common sight as storm water caused drains to overflow.
The M4 was closed at the La Mercy Bridge and traffic was diverted to Beach Road as
the lagoon level rose.
The weather services said the gale-force south-westerly winds (65 km/h) were
expected on Monday. There was a warning of very rough seas with waves up to 6m.
The weather system was likely to remain over open water between Maputo and
Richards Bay for the next 24 hours, according to the National Joint Operational
Centre.
“A combination of very rough seas, marine storm surge, as well as gale-force winds
are likely to threaten the coastline,” said police spokesman Colonel Vishnu Naidoo.
Commercial and recreational fishing should be alerted to this threat.
The National Joint Operational Centre, which is co-ordinating response to the storm,
includes the police, the SA Weather Service, disaster management, the army and
government departments such as health.
http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/cyclone-irina-wreaks-havoc-in-kzn-1.1248591#.VAk7dUDp-So
Figure 6 A – Flood damage
© Gauteng Department of Education
17 Figure 6 B Synoptic Map clip 2012/03/04
© Gauteng Department of Education
18 © Gauteng Department of Education
B
C
A
Figure 6 C – Synoptic Weather map 2012/03/02
19 6.1.1. Identify the weather system called IRINA on the synoptic weather maps.
(1)
6.1.2. How many of these weather systems occurred in this area before IRINA?
6.1.3.
6.1.4.
6.1.5
6.1.6.
6.2.
6.2.1.
6.2.2.
6.2.3.
6.2.4.
6.2.5.
(1)
Motivate your answer in 6.1.2 with an explanation.
(1 x 2 = 2)
The map clip figure 6 B illustrates conditions two days after the synoptic
weather figure 6 C. Account of the change in the location of both the cold
front and weather system IRINA.
(2 x 2 = 4)
Identify the stage of development of IRINA on these two days with evidence
from the synoptic weather maps.
(2 x 2 = 4)
Write a paragraph to describe the damage done in Durban and what the city
council and community can do to alleviate these problems in future.
(4 x 2 = 8)
Refer to the weather systems labelled A and B on the synoptic weather map
figure 6 C to answer the questions below.
Identify the weather systems labelled A and B.
(1)
In what stage of development is the weather system labelled A?
(1)
Motivate your answer in question 6.2.2 with evidence from the synoptic
weather map.
(1)
What is weather system A and B called together?
(1)
Draw a cross section from west to east through the cold the front labelled C
and label the air masses, clouds, wind movement and front.
(6)
EXTRA SESSION NO: 3
TOPIC: GEOMORPHOLOGY
SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1: 12 minutes
[15]
(Terms taken from CAPS)
STUDY TIP: YOU MUST KNOW THE TERMINOLOGY OFF BY HEART.
DRAINAGE BASINS IN SOUTH AFRICA
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.1. Drainage basin A:
top level of saturated water in soil
1.2. Catchment area B:
smaller stream entering larger river system
1.3. River system
C:
areas between tributaries
1.4. Tributary
D:
area drained by a river and its tributaries
1.5. Confluence
E:
water entering streams from ground water
1.6. Watershed
F:
water that runs over the surface and land up in
streams shortly after precipitation
1.7. Interfluve
G:
main stream and all its tributaries
1.8. Source
H:
river with a knick point in the long profile
1.9. River mouth
I:
place where two tributaries join
1.10. Surface run-off
J:
origin of a river
© Gauteng Department of Education
20 1.11.
1.12.
1.13.
1.14.
1.15.
Groundwater
Water Table
Graded river
Ungraded river
Base-flow
K:
L:
M:
N:
O:
high-lying are separating different drainage basins
area from where a river collects its water
where a river ends in the sea / ocean
water stored in the pores in soils
river with a perfect concave log profile
QUESTION 2:
SC
Geography/HG/P1 DBE/2011
RIVER SYSTEMS
Study FIGURES 2(A) and 12(B) showing two river systems and answer the
questions.
2.1
With reference to DIAGRAM A:
(a)
Identify the type of stream pattern in the diagram.
(1)
(b)
Name features X and Y.
(2 x 1 = 2)
(c)
Name the type of underlying rock that resulted in the formation
of the stream pattern.
(1 x 2 = 2)
(d)
Draw a longitudinal profile of stream J from points E to F and
indicate on the profile the source, knick point and ultimate base level.
(4 x 1 = 4)
(e)
Name TWO sources from which the river system obtains its water.
(2 x 1 = 2)
(f)
From the diagram, determine ONE factor that will influence
the rate of infiltration.
(1 x 2 = 2)
2.2
With reference to DIAGRAM B:
(a)
Identify the type of stream pattern shown in the diagram.
(1)
(b)
Describe the underlying rock structure that resulted in the stream
pattern at R.
(1 x 2 = 2)
© Gauteng Department of Education
21 QUESTION 3: TYPES OF RIVERS
3.1.
8 MINUTES: [10] ORIGINAL QUESTIONS
Choose the type of river from the list below that suite the description best.
[Permanent, Periodic, Episodic, Exotic]
3.1.1.
3.1.2.
3.1.3.
3.1.4.
3.1.5.
3.1.6.
3.1.8.
3.1.9.
A perennial river on a topographic map
The river always receive base flow
The water table only touch the river channel in the rainy season
The river always has water but it runs through a dry area
The river flows every year, but not throughout the year
This type of river occur in arid areas
This type of river occur in high rainfall areas
The river gets water from the upper reaches where the rainfall is much higher
than the lower reaches.
3.1.10. The river never receives base flow
QUESTION 4:
28 Minutes [35]
(Adapted from SC 2010 HG)
4.1.
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3.
Study FIGURE 4 (A) and 4 (B) below and answer the following questions:
Name stream patterns A, B and C.
(3 x 1 = 3)
Name the rock type and rock structure at A, B and C respectively. (6 x 1 = 6)
Give two characteristics of each drainage pattern labelled A, B and C.
(6 x 1 = 6)
4.1.4. Draw a simple freehand cross section to show what the landform in drainage
basin A looks like. Identify the land form you drew.
(3 x 1 = 3)
© Gauteng Department of Education
22 FIGURE 4
4.2.
4.2.1.
4.2.2.
4.2.3.
DRAINAGE BASINS – Refer to diagrams 4 D and E.
Explain the term drainage basin.
(1 x 2 = 2)
How many drainage basins are there in diagram E?
(1 x 2 = 2)
Which tributary, 1 or 2 in diagram D, shows a higher drainage density?
(1 x 2 = 2)
4.2.4. State TWO factors, which could cause a stream to have a high drainage
density.
(2 x 2 = 4)
4.2.5. With reference to the drainage basin in diagram D. Draw a longitudinal profile
of the main river between X and Y.
(1 x 2 = 2)
Indicate the following on this profile:
The river source
A knick point
The ultimate base level
(3 x 1 = 3)
4.2.6. Suggest the effect of high rainfall at X on stream flow conditions at 3.
(1 x 2 = 2)
© Gauteng Department of Education
23 QUESTION 5:
27 Minutes
[34]
Adapted from NATED 550 2008 HG P1
FIGURE 5
5.
5.1.
Refer to FIGURE 5. Diagram A shows a drainage basin and Diagram B shows
a section of the main stream that is part of the river system found in the
drainage basin.
Define the following terms:
(a) Drainage basin
(1 x 2 = 2)
(b) River system
(1 x 2 = 2)
© Gauteng Department of Education
24 5.2.
Refer to FIGURE 5 A.
(a)
Determine the stream order of the main stream where it flows out of the
drainage basin.
(1 x 2 = 2)
(b)
Describe the relationship between stream order and the number of
streams of that order.
(2 x 2 = 4)
(c)
Will the number of first-order streams increase or decrease during
times of drought?
(1 x 2 = 2)
(d)
Explain your answer to QUESTION 5.2(c).
(1 x 2 = 2)
5.3.
Refer to FIGURE 5 B.
(a)
Giving evidence from the diagram, give TWO possible reasons why a
large volume of water will flow overland and not infiltrate the ground.
(2 x 2 = 4)
(b)
Fully explain in a paragraph, why the two factors mentioned above in
QUESTION 5.3(a) will result in a high run-off rate and little infiltration.
(4 x 2 = 8)
Refer to FIGURE 5 B. The slopes of the valley flanks are rounded.
(a)
Are rounded valley flanks typical of dry or humid regions?
(1 x 2 = 2)
(b)
Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 5.4 (a).
(1 x 2 = 2)
(c)
Give possible reasons why the landscape illustrated in FIGURE 5 B
should be suitable for cultivation.
(2 x 2 = 4)
5.4.
QUESTION 6: Fluvial Processes 16 Minutes
6.
[20]
Original questions
Refer to figure 6 a, b, c and d and answer the questions below.
Figure 6 a Figure 6 b Figure 6 c Figure 6 d 6.1.
Chose the most appropriate diagram from 6 a, b, c and d to fit the description
below. Only write the number and a, b, c or d as an answer.
6.1.1. The longitudinal profile of the river
© Gauteng Department of Education
25 6.1.2. The upper course of the river
6.1.3. The old age stage of the river
6.1.4. The mature stage of the river
6.1.5. The stage where the permanent base level of erosion occur
6.1.6. The stage that experience turbulent flow
6.1.7. The stage where the river becomes wider
6.1.8. The stage where the river becomes deeper
6.1.9. The stage where the river forms sandbanks
6.1.10. The stage where the mouth of the river occurs
(10 x 1 = 10)
6.2.1. Is this river graded or not?
6.2.2. Motivate your answer in 6.2.1 with evidence from the long profile.
(1)
(1 x 2 = 2)
6.2.3. Describe the relationship between gradient and the different stages of the
river.
(3 x 1 = 3)
6.2.4. Give two reasons why deposition takes place in figure 6 d.
(2 x 2 = 4)
QUESTION 7:
16 Minutes [20]
Original Questions
FIGURE 7.1
© Gauteng Department of Education
26 7.1.
Refer to figure 7.1 above to answer the questions below
7.1.1. Choose the word that fits each letter from A to F in figure 7.1, from the list
below:
Knick point
meander
cut bank
source
lateral flow
tributary
(6 x 1 = 6)
7.1.2. Identify three ways in which humans can utilise the drainage basin above the
knick point.
(3 x 1 = 3)
7.1.3. Identify one risk for activities below the knick point.
(1)
7.2.
Refer to figure 7.2 below and answer the following questions.
Rejuvenation took place in the drainage basin in figure 7.2.
7.2.1. Explain what rejuvenation is.
(1 x 2 = 2)
7.2.2. Describe the rejuvenation process illustrated in figure 7.2. Refer to the
following in the descriptive paragraph: reason for rejuvenation and landforms
resulting from with rejuvenation.
(4 x 2 = 8)
FIGURE 7.2
QUESTION 8: 20 MINUTES
8.1.
8.1.1.
8.1.2.
8.1.3.
[25]
ORIGINAL QUESTIONS
Refer to figures 8.1 – 8.4 to answer the questions below.
Identify the fluvial landforms illustrated in sketches 8.1 and 8.4.
(2)
In what stage of development of the river will these landforms occur? (1)
Motivate your answer in 8.1.2.
(1 x 2 = 2)
© Gauteng Department of Education
27 8.1.4. Identify the fluvial landform labelled A in sketch 8.1.
(1)
8.1.5. Explain how fluvial landform A changes over time from sketch 8.1 to 8.4.
(4 x 1 = 4)
8.1.6. Draw a well-labelled cross section from B to C and label the slopes on the
different banks on the sketch.
(4 x 1 = 4)
8.1.7. Account for the shape of the cross section by referring to the velocity (speed)
and processes along the different riverbanks, in a paragraph. (4 x 2 = 8)
8.1.8. Identify two uses and one risk of the floodplain of this river. (3 x 1 = 3)
FIGURE 8. 1 – 8.4
A
B
C
© Gauteng Department of Education
28 QUESTION 9: 24 Minutes
[40]
ADAPTED FROM SC JUNE 2008
RIVER CAPTURE
9.1. Choose a word/term from COLUMN B that matches a description in COLUMN
A. Write only the letter (A–J) next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5)
(10 x 1 = 10)
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
9.1.1. The actual point where river capture took place
A
rejuvenation
9.1.2. The lowest point to which a river can erode
B
stream piracy
9.1.3. A river that lost its headwaters
C
misfit stream
9.1.4. The area where a captured stream dried up
D
base level
9.1.5. A river's energy to erode is renewed
9.1.6. The process by which an active river captures
part of another river
9.1.7. A river that has gained the headwaters of another
river
9.1.8. A large valley with a small river
9.1.9. The lengthening of a stream past its source
9.1.10. A very deep meander
E
F
elbow of capture
incised meander
G
wind gap
H
I
J
Headward erosion
captor stream
captured stream
FIGURE 9 A and B
© Gauteng Department of Education
29 Refer to FIGURE 9 above and answer the following questions:
9.2.1 Define the following terms:
(a)
Drainage basin
(b)
Watershed
(2 x 2 = 4)
9.2.2 Identify and name the river patterns labelled:
(a)
A.
(b)
B
(2 x 2 = 4)
9.2.3 With reference to the underlying rock structure, give a reason for the river
pattern labelled A.
(1 x 2 = 2)
9.2.4 River capture has occurred in the diagram labelled Y.
(a)
(b)
Define the term river capture
(1 x 2 = 2)
Explain THREE conditions necessary for river capture to occur.
(3 x 2= 6)
9.2.5 Identify the features labelled C, D, E, F and G, which resulted from river
capture:
(5 x 1 = 5)
9.2.6 Comment on the changes in the rate of discharge and erosion in the drainage
basins of the streams labelled F and G respectively in a paragraph. (4 x 2 = 8)
QUESTION 10:
10 Minutes [14]
ADAPTED FROM SC June 2013 550
FIGURE 10 Catchment and River Management
© Gauteng Department of Education
30 10.
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
RIVER SYSTEMS AND ECOLOGY
Refer to FIGURE 10, showing a river system and answer the questions that
follow.
Define the term river system.
(1 x 2)(2)
Identify the stream order at Y.
(1 x 2)(2)
Describe the gradient of the river at X.
(1 x 2)(2)
Name the type of underlying rock that can result in the formation of a dendritic
stream pattern.
(1 x 2)(2)
Name ONE source from which the river system obtains its water. (1 x 2)(2)
Refer to the diagram and identify TWO factors that will influence the rate of
infiltration.
(2 x 2)(4)
© Gauteng Department of Education
31 EXTRA SESSION NO: 4
TOPIC: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY - SETTLEMENT AND SOUTH AFRICA
SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1: 28 minutes
[35]
(Sketch Taken SC 2011 Geography/HG/P1)
FIGURE 1
Sanbonani
W
K S
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Define the following terms:
a) Site
b) Situation
List 4 factors that played a role in the site of the settlements illustrated in
Figure 1.
(4 x 1 = 4)
List two factors that favoured the situation of these settlements.
(2 x 1 = 2)
Compare the settlement patterns at settlements P and Q respectively.
(2)
(2 x 2 = 4)
© Gauteng Department of Education
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
32 Compare the shape of settlements P and R and account for the respective
shapes.
(4 x 1 = 4)
a)
Identify the main economic activity in this area.
(1)
b)
How can the people living in this area gain more income from the
products they produce?
(2 x 1 = 2)
a)
What type of settlement is Sanbonani?
(1)
b)
What is the main function of Sanbonani?
(1)
c)
Use information from die sketch map to substantiate your answer in
question 1.1.6. b.
(3 x 2 = 6)
One of the major problems in rural areas is the limited access to resources.
Comment on the access or lack thereof to resources in this rural area by
referring to evidence from the sketch map. Write a paragraph to present your
point of view.
(4 x 2 = 8)
QUESTION 2:
12 Minutes
[15]
Original Questions
Read the graph, article and table below on HIV infections in South Africa and answer
the following questions.
FIGURE 2 - Rural Settlement Issues - HIV/AIDS
“Gender inequalities, sexual abuse, violence, conflict and poverty often increase
women’s vulnerability to HIV. Protecting women from becoming infected with HIV and
treating women living with HIV can turn back the epidemic. Stopping women from
becoming infected and increasing their access to treatment also contribute to
reducing the number of orphans and the number of children born with HIV.”
http://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/january-2010/last-signs-progress-aids
© Gauteng Department of Education
33 2.1.
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
According to this information, which gender has the higher HIV infection rate in
Africa and South Africa?
(1)
Account for the higher HIV infection rate in this gender group in Africa?
(3 x 1 = 3)
Why according to the article is the high infection rate in this gender so
problematic?
(2)
What percentage of new infection in children in the world occurs in Africa? (1)
The high HIV infection rates, the implications of AIDS related deaths and the
use of ARV’s have a devastating impact on the already vulnerable economies
of African countries.
Refer to information in the table to write a report (in a paragraph) to explain
how the HIV pandemic influences the economies of African countries.
(4 x 2 = 8)
© Gauteng Department of Education
34 QUESTION 3:
28 MINUTES
[35]
ORIGINAL QUESTIONS LAND REFORM
Read the article extract below and study the cartoon and then answer the following
questions.
A shift in pace for land reform?
http://www.farmersweekly.co.za/article.aspx?id=37332&h=A-shift-in-pace--for-land-reform
Speaking in parliament during the debate on the State of the Nation address, minister
of Rural Development and Land Reform, Gugile Nkwinti, rejected claims that land
reform had failed.
"The president explained in his State of the Nation address what government has
undertaken to address income inequality, poverty and unemployment. With this in
mind, we need to reflect on land reform. Land reform has four pillars: redistribution,
restitution, development and tenure reform.”
3.1
According to the article: “Land reform has four pillars: redistribution,
restitution, development and tenure reform.”
3.1.1 Define the four concepts that form the pillars of land reform.
(4 x 2 = 8)
3.1.2 Identify the three major problems that the president identified in his State of
the Nation address.
(3 x 1 = 3)
3.2
How is land reform related to the issues identified in question 3.1.2. (2 x 2 = 4)
Explain why some people are claiming that land reform failed?
(2 x 1 = 2)
3.3
Refer to the cartoon about land reform and answer the following questions.
3.3.1 Explain why land reform is illustrated as a boiling pot?
(1 x 2 = 2)
3.3.2 Who is the man in the cartoon and what organizations is he representing?
(2 x 1 = 2)
© Gauteng Department of Education
35 3.4.1 He is looking at his watch, which is on snooze. Explain how this relates to
land reform in South Africa.
(1 x 2 = 2)
3.4.2 The man is not looking at the land reform pot. Explain what this implies about
land reform in South Africa.
(1 x 2 = 2)
3.4.3 Write a paragraph and comment on how land reform affects food security in
South Africa.
(4 x 2 = 8)
3.4.4 Identify the neighbouring country that had land reforms recently, which had a
very bad impact on their economy.
(1 x 2 = 2)
QUESTION 4
24 Minutes
[30]
Original questions
Urban Settlements
Match the definition in column B with the correct term in column A. Write only the
number and appropriate letter as an answer.
(15 x 1 = 15)
4.1.1.
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
Column A
Urbanisation
Urban growth
Urban expansion
4.1.4.
Urban sprawl
4.1.5.
Rate of urbanisation
4.1.6.
Level of urbanisation
4.1.7.
Central places
4.1.8.
Trade and transport
towns
Break-of-bulk points
4.1.9.
4.1.10. Specialised towns
4.1.11. Junction towns
4.1.12. Gateway/gap towns
4.1.13. Threshold population
4.1.14. Sphere of influence
4.1.15. Range of goods
Column B
A: the physical size of a city increases
B: the percentage of a population living in cities
C: a urban settlement rendering the basic services
to the surrounding rural area
D: the main function of the town is communication
routes and selling of products
E: the process where the population of a
country moves from rural to urban areas
F: town develops an important link between
different rail connection
G: the area from where a function attracts its
customers
H: uncontrolled growth of suburbs on the edge
of the city
I: the number of people necessary to support a
business to be successful
J: the distance people are prepared to travel to get
hold of a specific product or service
K: how fast people are moving to cities
L: towns where one type of transport connects with
another
M: town develop at a pass through a mountain
N: the number of people in a city increase
O: town where the main function can be a resort,
education, industrial, mining
© Gauteng Department of Education
4.2
36 Study figure 4 and answer the following questions:
FIGURE 4
4.2.1 Order the settlements in figure 4 in order of size form the smallest to the
largest.
(3 x 1 = 3)
4.2.2 Give the correct term for the shopping allegiance line labelled X.
(1)
4.2.3 Compare the shopping allegiance distance of groceries and furniture.
(2 x 1 = 2)
4.2.4 Explain why furniture is a higher order product than groceries.
(2 x 2 = 4)
4.2.5 Identify the area labelled Y around the town, from where people travel to buy
furniture in sketch N.
(1 x 2 = 2)
4.2.6 Explain which factors will determine the size of area Y for different products,
services and functions in a settlement.
(2 x 1 = 2)
4.2.7 Give a reasonable explanation for the a-symmetrical shape of area Y in figure
3 N.
(1)
QUESTION 5
24 Minutes
[30]
Original questions
Study figure 5 showing a South African city and answer the questions below:
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Explain what the CBD is.
(1 x 2 = 2)
List four characteristics of the CBD.
(4 x 1 = 4)
A new CBD developed in this city. Identify the process where some
businesses move out of the centre of the city due to push factors in the CBD.
(1)
Identify three push factors in the old CBD could have force some functions to
move away from the central location of the CBD.
(3 x 2 = 6)
List three pull factors that attract businesses to relocate outside city centre.
(3 x 1 = 3)
© Gauteng Department of Education
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
37 Which urban model best resemble the South African city?
(1)
Identify the land use zone that takes up the most space in this city.
(1)
Account for the location of the industrial zone.
(2 x 2 = 4)
Write a paragraph and compare how living in a gated suburb and an informal
settlement differ.
(4 x 2 = 8)
FIGURE 5
© Gauteng Department of Education
38 QUESTION 6:
28 MINUTES
[35] ORIGINAL QUESTIONS
Read the article below on rural urban migration and study the graph on informal
businesses in informal settlements and answer the questions below
Report on Informal housing in Cape Town
When the apartheid era ended, rapid urbanization occurred as many formerly
mobility-restricted Blacks fled to the cities to see what opportunities they could find.
This caused a host of problems such as high unemployment rates, shortage of
housing and severe overcrowding issues. The post-apartheid era brought a sudden
increase of informal settlements into South Africa because of insufficient housing.
Seasonal workers began to form squatter camps. The name informal settlement
shows that these settlements were intended to be temporary. By the late 1990’s,
there were many squatters on the land and the temporary housing had become
permanent in many respects.
(Cheru, 2005).
http://wp.wpi.edu/capetown/projects/p2009/buildings/project-components/housing-background/
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
Define the following terms:
a) Informal housing
b) Informal sector
(2 x 2 = 4)
What lead to the rapid urbanisation in Cape Town since 1994 according to this
article?
(1 x 2 = 2)
Explain why the intended temporary housing became permanent as reported
here.
(2 x 2 = 4)
List three consequences of the rapid urbanisation process for Cape Town.
(3 x 1 = 3)
Explain the value of the informal business in informal settlements. (2 x 2 = 4)
Write a paragraph to outline the consequences of rapid urbanisation for rural
areas.
(4 x 2 = 8)
Study the following graph below to answer the following questions:
© Gauteng Department of Education
39 Retail
Informal
Processors
Exports 7 %
6.7.1 What is sold at Fresh Produce Markets?
(2 x 1 = 2)
6.7.2 Explain why the informal sector is the largest buyer of products at the fresh
produce markets.
(2 x 2 = 2)
6.7.3 Report on three challenges workers in the informal sector face.
(3 x 2 = 6)
QUESTION 7:
32 Minutes [40] ORIGINAL QUESTIONS
Study the sources below and answer the following questions.
FIGURE 7.1
Mining SA
© Gauteng Department of Education
40 Figure 7.2
FIGURE 7.3.
SDI’s in Southern African Development Community
© Gauteng Department of Education
41 Figure 7.4 GDP BY SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY
http://www.internetmatters.co.za/pages/report.html
7.1
South Africa is one of the top producers of a range of minerals.
7.1.1 Explain what the GDP is.
(1 x 2 = 2)
7.1.2 List two of the major minerals mined in South Africa.
(2 x 1 = 2)
7.1.3 What percentage does the primary sector contribute to the GDP in South
Africa?
(2 x 1 = 2)
7.1.4 Explain what the importance of the primary sector is in the economy of South
Africa.
(3 x 2 = 6)
7.2
The secondary sector in South Africa has the potential stimulate economic
growth in South Africa.
7.2.1 Identify the three major industrial areas labelled A, B and C in figure 7.2.
(3 x 1 = 3)
7.2.2 Explain what a SDI is.
(1 x 2 = 2)
7.2.3 Compare figure 7.2. and 7.3 and describe the importance of the SDI’s in the
economy in South Africa.
(2 x 2 = 4)
7.2.4 The insert on Figure 7.2 illustrate the factors that have an influence on the
location of industries. The industry in the insert is not near to any of these
factors. Identify the type of industry that is not dependent on being near to
any of these factors.
(1 x 2 = 2)
7.2.5 Defend the statement made in 7.2 by writing a paragraph to outline the
importance on the secondary sector in economic growth.
(4 x 2 = 8)
7.3
Technology can be much more effectively in the economy of South Africa. At
present, the access to the internet is limited.
7.3.1 To which economic sector does the internet belong?
(1)
7.3.2 Write a paragraph to explain how businesses with internet access benefit
above those that does not have internet access.
(4 x 2 = 8)
© Gauteng Department of Education
42 QUESTION 8
24 MINUTES
[30]
ORIGINAL QUESTIONS
Read the quotation below and study the cartoon to answer the questions below.
The National Development Plan is a plan for the country to eliminate poverty and
reduce inequality by 2030 through uniting South Africans, unleashing the energies of
its citizens, growing an inclusive economy, building capabilities, enhancing the
capability of the state and leaders working together to solve complex problems.
Government Website
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
Explain what the NDP is.
(1 x 2 = 2)
Suggest how the following can be done: “unleashing the energies of its
citizens and building capabilities”
(2 x 2 = 4)
Discuss why it is necessary to “reduce inequality and grow an inclusive
economy,” in South Africa even presently.
(3 x 2 = 6)
Explain why Trevor Manual (the chairperson of the NDP planning committee)
“wants you,” for the NDP?
(2 x 2 = 4)
Mr Trevor Manual seems to be distracted by some figures in the cartoon.
Explain what is worrying him?
(1 x 2 = 2)
Evaluate the importance of job creation as a component of the NDP.
(2 x 2 = 4)
Write a paragraph to promote the importance of education and skills
development in the success of the national Development Plan.
(4 x 2 = 8)
© Gauteng Department of Education