VOCABULARY-1
PLEA
Meaning: a request made in an urgent and emotional manner
Eg: I think the Home Office should seriously reconsider his urgent plea for asylum forthwith
Origin:Middle English (in the sense ‘lawsuit’): from Old French plait, plaid agreement,
discussion, from Latin placitum a decree, neuter past participle of placere to please.
Synonyms : appeal, proposal, petition
COERCE
Meaning : Obtain (something) from someone by using force or threats
Eg : A strong family member, for example, might coerce the votes of weaker members of
the family.
• Synonym: force, strong-arm, push
ATTORNEY
• Meaning: A person, typically a lawyer, appointed to act for another in
business or legal matters. Compare with barrister, solicitor
• Eg: An attorney can be appointed by signing a deed which is in place immediately
• Synonyms: representative, substitute, delegate, deputy
INTERLOCUTORY
• Meaning: (of a decree or judgement) given provisionally during the course
of a legal action:
• rare Relating to dialogue.
• Eg: ‘an interlocutory injunction’
• Synonyms:
REITERATES
• Meaning: ay something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis
or clarity
• Eg: she reiterated that the government would remain steadfast in its support’
• Synonyms: repeat, say again, retell
PETTY
• Meaning: Of little importance; trivial:
• Eg: ‘the petty divisions of party politics
• Synonyms: Trivial, trifling, minor, small, slight, unimportant
CAMPAIGNER
• Meaning:A person who works in an organized and active way towards a
goal
• Eg:‘human rights campaigners are furious at the government's decision’
• Synonyms: crusader, fighter, promoter, activist
UNEARTHED
• Meaning:Find (something) in the ground by digging
• Eg:‘workmen unearthed an ancient artillery shell’
• Synonyms: dig up, excavate, exhume, disinter, bring to the surface,
mine
LEGITIMATE
• Meaning : Conforming to the law or to rules:
• Eg:‘his claims to legitimate authority’
• Synonyms: legal, lawful, licit, legalized, authorized, permitted,
permissible, allowable
COMPREHENSIVE
• Meaning:Including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of
something:
• Eg:‘a comprehensive list of sources’
• Synonyms: diverse, diversified, wide, broad, broad-based
CLINCH
• Meaning:Confirm or settle (a contract or bargain)
• Eg:‘She clinched the agreement after writing a hit Star Wars novel last year.’
• Synonyms: secure, settle, conclude, close, pull off, bring off, complete,
confirm,
URGED
• Meaning:1)A strong desire or impulse (n)
2)Try earnestly or persistently to persuade (someone) to do
something (v)
• Eg: ‘sexual urges’
• Synonyms: desire, wish, need, impulse, compulsion, longing
SAPLING
• Meaning:A young tree, especially one with a slender trunk.
• Eg:‘With such a short growing season, 200-year-old trees look like saplings.’
• Synonyms:
LINCHPIN
• Meaning:1)A pin passed through the end of an axle to keep a wheel in
position.
2) A person or thing vital to an enterprise or organization:
• Eg:‘nurses are the linchpin of the National Health Service’
• Synonyms: entre, focal point, central point, centre of attention
CLOUT
• Meaning:informal A heavy blow with the hand or a hard object:
• Eg:‘a clout round the ear’
• Synonyms: smack, slap, thump, punch, blow, hit
LEVY
• Meaning:Impose (a tax, fee, or fine):
• Eg:‘a tax of two per cent was levied on all cargoes’
• Synonyms: impose, charge, exact, demand
INTERIM
• Meaning:In or for the intervening period; provisional:
• Eg:‘an interim arrangement’
• Synonyms: provisional, temporary, pro tem, stopgap, short-term, fillin, caretaker, acting, intervening,
PITCH
• Meaning: The quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations
producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone:
• Eg: ‘her voice rose steadily in pitch’
• Synonyms: tone, timbre, sound, key, tonality
ABOLITION
• Meaning: The action of abolishing a system, practice, or institution:
• ABOLISHING: Formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).
• Eg: ‘the abolition of the death penalty’
• Synonyms: annulment, cancellation, invalidation, nullification,
dissolution
FLANK
• Meaning: 1) The right or left side of a body of people such as an army, a
naval force, or a soccer team
2) he side of a person's or animal's body between the ribs and the
hip:
• Eg: leaning against his horse's flanks’
• Synonyms: side, haunch, loin, quarter, thigh
COGNIZANCE
• Meaning:Knowledge or awareness:
• Eg:‘the Renaissance cognizance of Greece was limited’
• Synonyms: awareness, notice, knowledge, consciousness,
apprehension
SUSPICIOUS
• Meaning: Having or showing a cautious distrust of someone or something:
• Eg: ‘he was suspicious of her motives’
• Synonyms: doubtful, unsure, dubious, wary, chary, sceptical,
distrustful, mistrustful, disbelieving
CONSENT
Meaning: Permission for something to happen or agreement to do something:
• Eg:no change may be made without the consent of all the partners’
• Synonyms: agreement, assent, concurrence, accord,permission
SUPERINTENDENT
• Meaning: A person who manages or superintends an organization or
activity:
• Eg ‘the southern area superintendent’
• Synonyms: manager, director, administrator, supervisor, overseer,
controller
PLAGUED
• Meaning:(1) Cause continual trouble or distress to(V)
(2) Any contagious disease that spreads rapidly and kills many
people:
• Eg: ‘he has been plagued by ill health’
• Synonyms: afflict, bedevil, cause suffering to, torture, torment, trouble
RATIFY
• Meaning: Sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement),
making it officially valid:
• Eg: ‘both countries were due to ratify the treaty by the end of the year’
SHUNNED
• Meaning: Persistently avoid, ignore, or reject (someone or something)
through antipathy or caution:
• Eg: ‘the shunned wife's quiet divorce’
• Synonyms: avoid, evade, eschew, steer clear of, shy away from
REFUSAL
• Meaning: An act of refusing to do something: (REFUSE: Indicate or show
that one is not willing to do something)
• Eg: ‘he became tired of his friend's refusal to see him’
• Synonyms: withholding, failure to grant, denial, veto, turndown
MITIGATION
• Meaning: The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of
something:
• Eg: ‘the identification and mitigation of pollution’
• Synonyms: alleviation, reduction, diminution, lessening, easing,
weakening
INCENTIVIZE
• Meaning: Motivate or encourage (someone) to do something; provide with
an incentive:
• Eg: ‘this is likely to incentivize management to find savings’
• Synonyms: encourage, act as a fillip to, act as a impetus to, act as a
incentive to, act as a spur to
RETROFIT
• Meaning: Add (a component or accessory) to something that did not have it
when manufactured:
• Eg: ‘motorists who retrofit catalysts to older cars’
• Synonyms: attachment, extra, addition, add-on, retrofit, adjunct,
appendage
REINFORCED
• Meaning: Strengthen or support (an object or substance), especially with
additional material:
• Eg: ‘the helmet has been reinforced with a double layer of cork’
• Synonyms: strengthen, fortify, bolster up, shore up, buttress, prop up,
underpin
SCRUTINY
• Meaning: Critical observation or examination:
• Eg:‘every aspect of local government was placed under scrutiny’
• Synonyms: careful examination, inspection, survey, scan, study,
perusal
ADHERE
• Meaning:(1)Believe in and follow the practices o
•
(2) Stick fast to (a surface or substance):
• Eg:‘I do not adhere to any organized religion’
• Synonyms: get involved with, take up with, join up with, go around
with, string along with
SOLICITING
• Meaning: Ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone:
• Eg:‘don't solicit for money’
• Synonyms: ask for, request, apply for, put in for, seek, beg, plead for
REFRAIN
• Meaning: Stop oneself from doing something:
• Eg: ‘she refrained from comment’
• Synonyms: Abstain, desist, hold back, stop oneself, withhold
DESIST
• Meaning: Stop doing something; cease or abstain:
• Eg: ‘each pledged to desist from acts of sabotage’
• Synonyms: abstain, refrain, forbear, hold back
AMBIT
• Meaning: The scope, extent, or bounds of something:
• Eg: ‘a full discussion of this complex issue was beyond the ambit of one book’
ENTITY
• Meaning: A thing with distinct and independent existence:
• Eg: ‘Church and empire were fused in a single entity’
• Synonyms: organization, institution, establishment, body, operation
DEEMED
• Meaning: Regard or consider in a specified way
• Eg: ‘the event was deemed a great success’
• Synonyms: regard as, consider, judge, adjudge, hold to be, look on as,
view as,
DEFERMENT
• Meaning: The action or fact of putting something off to a later time;
postponement:
• Eg: ‘deferment of the decision’
• Synonyms: postponement, deferral, suspension, putting back, putting
off, adjournment
RETROSPECTIVE
• Meaning: Looking back on or dealing with past events or situations:
• Eg: ‘our survey was retrospective’
• Synonyms: backdated, retroactive, ex post facto, backward-looking
OPPRESSIVE
• Meaning:(1) Inflicting harsh and authoritarian treatment:
(2) (of weather) close and sultry:
• Eg: ‘an oppressive dictatorship’
• Synonyms: harsh, cruel, brutal, repressive, crushing, tyrannical,
tyrannous, iron-fisted,
ALLEVIATE
• Meaning: Make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe
• Eg: ‘he couldn't prevent her pain, only alleviate it’
• Synonyms: reduce, ease, relieve, take the edge off, deaden, dull,
diminish
GRATUITY
• Meaning: A tip given to a waiter, taxi driver, etc.
• Eg: ‘But for the amount of work we do, a small gratuity is always appreciated.’
• Synonyms: tip, gift, present, donation, reward, handout, recompense,
boon, baksheesh
AVAILING
• Meaning: Use or take advantage of (an opportunity or available resource)
• Eg: ‘my daughter did not avail herself of my advice’
• Synonyms: use, make use of, take advantage of, utilize, employ
SUBVENTION
• Meaning: A grant of money, especially from a government:
• Eg: ‘Ottawa has begun to cut federal subventions to the provinces’
• Synonyms: grant, allowance, endowment, contribution, donation,
bursary, gift, present, investment
THANKS
SET 26-1-2017 THE HINDU NEWSPAPER