Classifying Living Things
Chapter 2
Classification
 Grouping similar things together, based on the
characteristic that living things share.
Five Kingdoms
 Kingdoms- major or large groups that scientist classify
living organisms into.
 Plants
 Animals
 Bacteria
 Fungi
 Protists
Smaller Groups
 Phylum- is a major group within a
kingdom.
Species- a unique kind of organism.
To divide large groups into smaller
Groups scientist look at characteristics.
 The butter fly is the only
thing without a
backbone.
 All animals are mammals
except the fish.
 Whale is a swimming
mammal.
 Bear is not in the felis
group.
 The tiger is the less
related as it is a big cat.
 Last the house cat is
closer related to other
house cats.
Grouping Plants
 Vascular
 Has tubes or channels
that carry food and water
throughout the plant.
 Root and stem systems
 Make seeds or fruit
 Cone bearing plants are
called Coniferous
 Non vascular
 Do not have tubes or
channels to transport
food and water
 mosses
Vertebrate
 Animals that have backbones
Classifying Vertebrates
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Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fish
Mammals
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Have hair or fur
Produce milk for their young
Give live birth
Most live on land some live in the water
Breathe oxygen with their lungs
Birds
 Have feathers
 Lay eggs
 Most fly
Reptiles
 Dry scaly skin
 Lay eggs on land
 Cold blooded
Amphibians
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Begin life in water
Live on land as adults, but stay close to water
Lay eggs in water
Smooth wet skin
Fish
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Lay eggs
Live in water
Have scales
Have fins
Invertebrates
 Animals without a backbone
 Types of invertebrates
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Jellyfish
Anemones
Coral
Worms
Snails
Clams
Types of Invertebrates
 Mollusks
 Octopus
 Snails
 Echinoderms
 Sea stars
 Sand dollars
 Arthropods
 Crabs
 Insects
Arthropods
 The largest phylum of invertebrates
 Joints and segments
 Crustaceans
 Crabs
 Lobsters
 Insects
 Butterflies
 Bees
 Arachnids
 Spiders
 Scorpions
Details
 Insects have 6 legs and 3 body parts
 Head thorax and abdomen
 Arachnids have 8 legs and two body parts
Plant Growth and Reproduction
Chapter 3
Nonvascular Plants
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Plants that don’t have roots
Have small root like structures to anchor themselves
No true stem
Have small leaf like structures to make food
Absorb nutrients and water from their surroundings
Do not grow tall
Vascular Plants
 Vascular tissue- supports plants and carries water and
food.
 Have a root and stem system.
 Two types of vascular tissue
 Xylem (zyluhm)
 Carries water and nutrients from the roots to the other
parts of the plant.
 Phyloem (flohem)
 Carries food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Roots
 Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
 Roots are the plant’s anchor and are adapted to the
environment and the needs of the plant.
 Types of roots
 Taproots- one large root
 Carrots/ beets
 Fibrous roots-a mat of roots (grass)
 Prop roots- roots that grow above the ground.
Stems
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Hold the plant up
Provide support for the plant
Keeps the leaves up so that they can catch sunlight
New plants can grow out of stems
Leaves
 Photosynthesis: The process uses light energy, carbon
dioxide, and water to make sugar.
 Chloroplasts: the green pigment of a leave that
absorbs the sunlight.
 Leaves take in the carbon dioxide from the air and
then they use photosynthesis to create their sugar
(food) they then produce a waste product that goes
back into the air (oxygen).
Leaves
 Outer layer of cells are called epidermis. They help
protect the leaf.
 Stomata- the waxy covering on the leaf, that allows
carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.
Germination