World History, November 19
Entry Task: Let’s add some notes about Louis XIV’s
picture on your “Concept Notes”
Announcements:
- Test Corrections are due today!
- Age of Absolutism - 1550-1800 (please add this
to your notes)
- Reasons for Absolutism? Economic,
Religious, Political/Social
- Absolutism = leads to Revolution, Enlightenment
Why Absolutism?
- King’s goal:
sovereignty
- Chess: King is the
weakest piece
World History, November 20
Entry Task: Fill out self-eval and take out paper:
- Economic
- Religious
- Political/Social
Announcements:
- Test Corrections are due today!
- Did you turn in your chart + paper?
- Sydney Reid had a birthday YESTERDAY - sorry
I forgot!
Why Absolutism?
- CHECK! (Reverse
checkmate)
- Church: Bishops
- Nobles (ex: Burgundy)
- Representative Bodies
- Parliament, Estates
General
- Towns and Cities
- Universities
-
Why Absolutism? Economic
- Competition for
colonies
- Explorers’
wealth goes
back to
MONARCHS,
not people.
Leads to
instability/inflation
Why Absolutism? Spain’s
downfall
War with Ottoman Turks
drained resources during
Charles V’s reign
1588 - Spanish Armada
defeated by the Royal
Navy (Queen Elizabeth)
- from this point on,
power shifts away from
Spain - to England
Why Absolutism? Religion
- French wars Huguenots vs.
Catholics
-
“one king, one law, one
religion”
- 30 Years’ War (1618) Holy Roman Empire
(but other European
countries are involved)
- England: Catholic, then
Protestant, then C,
then P again
Why Absolutism? Religion
- Example in France: 1572 - St.
Bartholomew’s Massacre estimated 10,000 to 70,000
Protestants killed in the
streets of Paris
- Catherine de’ Medici, mother
of King Charles IX, is in black
(probably instigated by her)
- Henry IV (of Navarre) - “Paris
is well worth a mass” - Edict of
Nantes (will be assassinated)
Witch Trials
- Knowledge of plants/herbs =
healers and respected in society
- increase in syphilis? Change
in weather patterns? Bad
harvest? Find a scapegoat!
- Malleus Malleficarum (1484) book (Hammer of Witches)
- Primarily poor old women, often
widowed
- England - 270 witch trials
(247 of them women)
It’s Witchcraft...
- Majority took place 16th and
17thc - 1 million executed
overall (13th-19thc)
- Anne Boleyn (Henry VIII’s 2nd
wife) was accused, executed small extra finger + mole on
neck - signs/proof
- Witch trials declined after 1680
- Salem Witch Trials (North
America) - 1692
Why Absolutism? Social
IN ALL: People were willing to
give up rights in exchange for
stable government
However, absolutism is typically
characterized by a powerful,
oppressive gov’t and lack of
freedoms for citizens
Why Absolutism?
Ideas like: National unity,
government efficiency, and
control
Growth of National Armies
Louis XIV - built Versailles
- Keep your friends close,
and your enemies closer
Political/Social
World History, November 23
Entry Task: What does it mean for a country to be
a SUPERPOWER?
Announcements:
- Grades are updated - please check to make
sure that I gave you credit for the Aztec/Inca
Project - it was hard to remember who worked
together!
- Test Corrections are due today!
- Did you turn in your chart + paper last week?
Spain
- 1469 - Ferdinand II, prince of
Aragon, married Isabella of
Castile (began rule 1479)
- Reconquista - In 1492, Spain
took the last city (Granada) out
of the hands of the Muslims
Spanish Inquisition
- The Spanish Inquisition was
ruthless in seeking Muslims,
Jews, and heretics (later,
witches, too)
- 2,000 sentenced to die in
Spain (150,000 charged);
Portugal - 1,200
- Torture devices include: knee
splitter, the wheel, head vice
Spanish Inquisition
- Torture was
meant for the
person to
confess (not to
punish)
- Continues for
300 years!
Charles V
- Holy Roman Emperor
- https://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=MRYzW3BSj0I
Charles V
- Retired gradually 1554-56 to
a Monastery
- Divided Empire:
- Brother Ferdinand gets
Central Europe
- Son Philip II gets Spain,
Netherlands, & Southern
Italy
Charles II -
example of in-breeding
Philip II
29 years old when he begins rule of
Spain 1556-1598 (42 years)
- Saw himself as a leader of the
Counter-Reformation - expensive
wars...that also end in failure!
(Except Ottoman Turks)
- Married Mary I (Tudor) of
England (Bloody Mary)
- 1588 - Spanish Armada defeated
-
Philip II - Accomplishments
- $$$$$$$$$$ (¼-⅕ of each ship goes to
Philip!)
- By 1600, 339,000 lbs of gold
- 1550-1650 - 16,000 tons of silver
galleons
- Standing Army - 50,000
- Built the Escorial - Madrid
- Became King of Portugal in 1580 (he
was the late King’s nephew) - territories
in Africa, India, and East Indies
- Defended the Catholic faith
Philip II -
Accomplishments
- El Greco - “The Greek”
- Diego Velazquez
- Don Quixote de la Mancha - Miguel
de Cervantes (1605)
Philip II - Accomplishments
- Marriage was not for
love or a partnership; it
was to get land, power,
and sons to inherit
- Married cousin, niece,
etc - pure bloodline
- Elizabeth of Valois (15
yrs old; Philip - 59)
-
Philip II - involvement in other
religious wars...
- Financed Catholic League during
the French Wars of Religion
(Catholics vs. Huguenots)
- Result? Edict of Nantes will
grant freedom of worship for
nearly 100 years (Louis XIV
revokes it in 1685)
-
- Netherlands - DUTCH Revolt
This long, costly uprising against the rule of Spain occupied much of the
energies of Philip II during his reign
Causes: resentment of high Spanish taxes and Philip's efforts to suppress
Philip II
Calvinism -- Elizabeth I provided aid to the rebellion
Philip II
- Netherlands Result (15661579):
- Duke of Alva sent to punish
rebels (1500 in one day!)
- 7 Northern provinces
declared independence (not
officially recognized until
1648)
- 10 Southern provinces
stayed part of Spain
-
- Battle of Lepanto (1571)
In this October 1571 naval battle a coalition of Catholic states led by Spain
defeated the main fleet of the Ottoman Empire off of the coast of Greece,
eliminating the Turkish threat in the Mediterranean and allowing Philip II to
focus his resources on restoring Catholicism throughout Western Europe
Philip II
-
Philip II
- wanted to take over England
-
-
-
This was a fleet of
130 ships and
33,000 men. Due
to storms + English
pirates: 40 ships
and 15,000 soldiers
were lost.
This was an
irreparable disaster
which led to Spain's
naval decline.
Philip II - at home...
- Reinforcement of the
Inquisition
- Prohibited importation of
books from Europe
- Spanish students could not
study abroad
- “Blood cleanliness” in the
Administration
- Expelled Jews and
Muslims
- Declared bankruptcy 3x
FACTORS in Spanish Decline
Inflation and Taxes
● Inflation weakens Spain’s economy
● Taxes on lower class prevents development of middle
class
Making Spain’s Enemies Rich
● Spaniards buy goods abroad, making Spain’s enemies rich
● Expulsion of Jews, Muslims
● Philip declares bankruptcy three times due to weak
economy