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Table of Contents
South Carolina
Academic
Standards
Letter to the Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Letter to the Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
South Carolina Correlation Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Pretest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Chapter 1
Early America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Lesson 1
Colonial North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
USHC-1.1
Lesson 2
Establishment of a New Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
USHC-2.1, USHC-2.2
Lesson 3
The United States Constitution . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
USHC-2.3, USHC-2.4,
USHC-2.5
Lesson 4
The American Political System . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
USHC-2.6, USHC-2.7
Lesson 5
Westward Movement and Regional Conflict . . . 44
USHC-3.1, USHC-3.2,
USHC-3.3
Lesson 6
The Antebellum Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
USHC-4.1, USHC-4.2
Lesson 7
The Civil War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
USHC-4.3
Lesson 8
Reconstruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
USHC-4.4, USHC-4.5
Chapter 1 EOCEP Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Chapter 2
Turn of the Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Lesson 9
Business and Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
USHC-5.1, USHC-5.2,
USHC-5.3, USHC-5.4
Lesson 10
Cultural Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
USHC-5.5, USHC-5.6
Lesson 11
The Progressive Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
USHC-5.7
Lesson 12
Foreign Developments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
USHC-6.1, USHC-6.2,
USHC-6.3
Lesson 13
World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
USHC-6.4
Chapter 2 EOCEP Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
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Chapter 3
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Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Lesson 14
Innovation, Conflict, and Change . . . . . . . . . . 92
USHC-7.1, USHC-7.2,
USHC-7.3
Lesson 15
The Great Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
USHC-7.4
Lesson 16
The New Deal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
USHC-7.5
Lesson 17
Rise of Totalitarianism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
USHC-8.1
Lesson 18
World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
USHC-8.2
Lesson 19
The Impact of World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
USHC-8.3, USHC-8.4,
USHC-8.5
Chapter 3 EOCEP Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Chapter 4
The Cold War Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Lesson 20
Social and Cultural Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
USHC-9.1
Lesson 21
Cold War Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
USHC-9.2, USHC-9.3,
USHC-9.4
Lesson 22
Racial and Gender Equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
USHC-9.5
Lesson 23
Recent Foreign Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
USHC-10.1
Lesson 24
Economic Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
USHC-10.2
Chapter 4 EOCEP Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Posttest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4
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PRETEST
Name:
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DIRECTIONS
Choose the best answer for each question. Fill in the circle in the spaces provided on your
answer sheet.
1.
How did the rise of Santa Anna affect the
relationship between Mexico and American
settlers in Texas?
4.
A. New American settlers were eventually
prohibited from Texas.
A. Southern colonies raised mostly root
vegetables due to rocky soil.
B. Settlers were welcomed after Santa
Anna secured Mexico’s independence.
B. The Mid-Atlantic colonies exported
grain; Southern colonies raised several
cash crops on plantations.
C. Santa Anna declared Texas to be a
separate republic.
C. Southerners more readily adapted
Native American growing techniques.
D. The American population negotiated
with Santa Anna to buy Texas
from Mexico.
2.
How did crop cultivation in the Southern
colonies differ from the Mid-Atlantic
colonies?
Why were the Articles of
Confederation ineffective?
D. The Mid-Atlantic colonies raised
nominal amounts of crops on
small farms.
5.
A. They created an overly
centralized government.
B. They did not allow for the creation of
an army or assembly.
Emily was a young single woman who
supported herself. Her hair was bobbed
and she wore short, straight dresses and
bright makeup.
In which decade did was the flapper
image popular?
C. They were based on the assumption of
a one-party government.
A. the 1890s
B. the 1920s
D. They gave too much responsibility
to disparate states.
C. the 1970s
D. the 1990s
3.
Which movement or organization opposed
business practices such as price fixing?
A. the Granger movement
German officers were brought to trial at
Nuremberg as a result of which atrocity?
B. the robber barons
A. dropping the atomic bomb
C. the Standard Oil Trust
B. causing mass homelessness
D. the Democratic Party
C. the Holocaust
6.
D. destroying European infrastructures
14
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7.
How did the election of 1860 affect the
relationship between the North and South?
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10. Read the headlines and answer the
question that follows.
A. The election enabled the
North and South to reconcile
political differences.
• France Establishes Colonial Control
B. The South felt that Lincoln’s election
did not reflect its votes, and seceded.
• Former Colony Splits in Half
C. Northerners used the election to
establish political dominance over
the South.
D. Southerners demanded a reformation
of the Electoral College system.
• France Fails to Retain Control After
World War II
Which country’s history is reflected in
these headlines?
A. Vietnam
B. Korea
C. Japan
D. the Philippines
8.
Why was Rhode Island excluded from the
New England Confederation?
A. Its economy was not developed well
enough to contribute to
the Confederation.
B. It was considered by the other
colonies to be too religiously radical.
C. Rhode Island refused to join due to its
own sustainable agriculture.
D. The colony was too small to compete
with Massachusetts Bay or Plymouth.
9.
Which organization rose in power in
conjunction with Prohibition?
A. the Democratic Party
B. the Ku Klux Klan
C. the women’s suffrage movement
D. the Mafia
11. Which land acquisition did the Corps of
Discovery explore?
A. the Republic of Texas
B. Florida
C. the Louisiana Purchase
D. California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona,
New Mexico, and Colorado
12. Which weaknesses in the Southern
economy during the 19th century
contributed to difficulties after the
Civil War?
A. a protective tariff on crops and
overproduction of cotton
B. dependence on slavery and lack
of industrialization
C. an influx of immigration and an
overabundance of railroads
D. overcrowded urban centers and
declining agriculture
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13. Look at the photograph below and answer
the question that follows.
15. How did European infrastructure change
after the Marshall Plan?
A. European countries passed
American-style measures to
build national highways.
B. The plan supplemented an already
large amount of aid to Europe from
other nations.
C. The Marshall Plan offered technical
and monetary assistance to European
countries to rebuild.
Which aspect of the postwar era does the
photograph most likely illustrate?
A. increased domesticity
B. women’s rights
C. rural poverty
D. consumption
14. How did the Declaration of Independence
influence politics in Haiti?
A. It inspired the French Revolution,
which in turn caused the
Haitian Revolution.
B. It reinforced France’s repressive policy
toward Haiti.
C. It inspired Haitians to rebel and
organize a democratic government.
D. It undermined Haiti’s attempts to
instate its own monarchy.
D. European nations were walled off
from American assistance by the
Soviet Union.
16. How was the Standard Oil Trust a
business innovation?
A. It developed with the help of a
government charter.
B. It sold its stocks at a low price
to attract a greater number of
stockholders.
C. It was the first to effectively use
mergers to consolidate power.
D. It gave a board of trustees control of
the company’s stocks.
17. Charles de Gaulle led the government of
which country while in exile in London?
A. France
B. Belgium
C. Swtizerland
D. Wales
16
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18. How did the Federalist Papers influence the
ratification of the Constitution?
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21. How did immigration affect the
development of cities?
A. They argued the benefits of a strong
federal government.
A. Mass immigration overwhelmed large
cities’ abilities to provide housing.
B. They promised more power to
state governments.
B. Immigrants gathered in ethnic
neighborhoods with people of the
same or similar backgrounds.
C. They showed support for a
constitutional monarchy.
D. They dissolved diplomatic ties
with Great Britain.
19. What demands did the Big Four make
upon Germany through the Treaty
of Versailles?
A. Germany was forced to sever
its alliances.
B. The Big Four demanded that
Germany be excluded from the
League of Nations.
C. Germany had to take responsibility for
the war and pay reparations.
D. The Allies placed embargoes on
German ports and decreased its
foreign trade.
20. Which common medicine was popularized
during World War II?
A. vaccines
B. ibuprofin
C. aspirin
D. penicillin
C. The growing number of
immigrants forced cities to
expand into the suburbs.
D. Cities assigned immigrants to
certain neighborhoods to prevent
overcrowding in different areas.
22. What was an economic outcome of the
stock market crash of 1929?
A. The economy immediately fell into
a depression.
B. Banks were closed for four days
for reorganization.
C. Franklin Roosevelt immediately
pushed New Deal acts
through Congress.
D. Investors panicked and the stock
market took years to regain its value.
23. Which assembly was the first colonial
legislature in America?
A. the Second Continental Congress
B. the U.S. Senate
C. the First Continental Congress
D. the House of Burgesses
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24. How can the Emancipation Proclamation
be seen as psychological warfare against
the South?
A. It limited emancipation to the
border states.
27. Theodore Roosevelt said, “Men can never
escape being governed. Either they must
govern themselves or they must submit to
being governed by others.”
B. It could not be officially enforced.
Which style of foreign policy is best
expressed in this quotation?
C. It prevented freed slaves from joining
the Union army.
A. moral diplomacy
B. big stick diplomacy
D. It freed hundreds of thousands of
slaves, who could potentially turn on
former owners.
C. dollar diplomacy
25. Which weakness in the Treaty of Versailles
arguably led to the Beer Hall Putsch?
A. the formation of the League
of Nations
B. the economic burden it placed on
Germany’s Weimar Republic
C. Germany’s acceptance of responsibility
for the war
D. granting autonomy to former colonies
26. What do the English Bill of Rights and
the Magna Carta have in common?
A. They influenced the creation of
the Constitution.
B. They guaranteed rights for English
colonists of all backgrounds.
C. They were both written during the
Glorious Revolution.
D. the Open Door policy
28. What was a political outcome of Marbury
v. Madison?
A. The principle of judicial review
was established.
B. James Madison was forced to step
down from office.
C. John Marshall was appointed Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court.
D. The Supreme Court maintained its
power over the executive branch.
29. Railroads and industrialization in general
usually proceeded in which direction
during America’s growth?
A. north to south
B. west to north
C. south to west
D. east to west
D. They limited the powers of the
English Parliament over colonies.
18
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30. How did Southern state governments change
as a result of the Reconstruction Acts?
A. Southern states were prohibited from
maintaining state governments.
B. The South was divided into five
military districts, with offices occupied
by Northerners.
C. Southern states were placed under the
direct control of Congress dominated
by the Radical Republicans.
D. Most of the states’ governments were
left intact.
31. Why did Franklin Roosevelt consider
packing the Supreme Court?
A. The Court had struck down two New
Deal programs as unconstitutional.
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33. What did the Women’s Army Corps
(WACS) and the Women Accepted for
Voluntary Emergency Service (WAVES)
have in common?
A. They provided women with work
during World War I.
B. They recruited women to serve
as nurses during the SpanishAmerican War.
C. They allowed women to collect scrap
metal and rubber on the World War
II homefront.
D. They provided women with an
opportunity to serve in World War II.
34. Look at the illustration below and answer
the question that follows.
B. The Court was comprised primarily of
Herbert Hoover’s supporters.
C. The Court refused to acknowledge
Roosevelt’s third term as president.
D. Roosevelt believed that the Court had
always been too small to be effective.
32. Which idea from the early 1700s is
expressed in the following quotation?
“It is necessary from the very nature of
things that power should be a check
to power.”
—Baron de Montesquieu
Which event is the illustration most likely
referring to?
A. annexation of Hawaii
B. Boxer Rebellion
A. the Glorious Revolution
C. explosion of the USS Maine
B. inalienable rights
D. annexation of the Philippines
C. popular soverignty
D. separation of powers
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35. What did Hideki Tojo, Benito Mussolini,
and Adolf Hitler have in common?
A. They collectively demanded and
received the Sudetenland from
the Allies.
B. They all signed a non-aggression pact
with the Soviet Union at one point.
C. They formed the Big Three during
World War II.
D. They headed totalitarian governments
that made up the Axis powers.
36. How did the American workplace change
as a result of industrialization?
A. Less skilled workers could be hired to
work long hours in dangerous jobs.
B. Workers experienced vastly improved
working conditions.
C. Women were allowed to work parttime jobs to support families.
D. Farm work became easier and more
profitable for more people.
37. Why did Thomas Jefferson oppose the
Bank of the United States?
A. It was part of Alexander Hamilton’s
economic plan.
B. It was created using implied powers.
20
38. How did the Spanish-American War
help transform the United States into an
imperial power?
A. The United States acquired
commonwealths like Puerto Rico and
the Philippines from Spain.
B. The war proved that the United States
could fight established world powers
like Spain.
C. Theodore Roosevelt demonstrated his
ability as a military commander.
D. Americans introduced weaponry like
tanks and mustard gas into combat.
39. Which policy of the 1970s is expressed in
the following quotation?
“An attempt by any outside force to gain
control of the Persian Gulf region will be
regarded as an assault on the vital inter ests
of the United States of America.”
—President Jimmy Carter
A. moral diplomacy
B. the Roosevelt Corollary
C. the Carter Doctrine
D. détente
40. Which social phenomenon countered the
consumerism of the 1950s?
C. Jefferson believed banks should be run
by cities.
A. growing interest in the arts
D. Jefferson did not believe in a
banking system.
C. Communist Party membership
B. renewed religiosity
D. formation of communes
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41. Which weakness in the Sherman AntiTrust Act enabled it to be used against
labor unions?
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44. Look at the political cartoon below and
answer the question that follows.
A. Labor unions often formed trusts to
better organize their members.
B. Unions were led by chief
executive officers.
C. Labor unions were legally seen
as corporations that could
form monopolies.
D. Unions were organized along a vertical
integration model.
42. What do the Environmental Protection
Agency and the Occupational Health and
Safety Administration have in common?
A. They were pushed through Congress
by Lyndon Johnson.
Which antebellum event is the cartoon
most likely referring to?
A. a raid that led to Bleeding Kansas
B. Both were features of the
New Frontier.
B. the Ordinance of Nullification
C. Both were formed during Richard
Nixon’s administration.
D. the Missouri Compromise
D. Both were key in establishing détente.
43. Carl was born in the colonies. His family
was Quaker, and his father worked as a
merchant who exported wheat.
In which colony did Carl live?
A. Pennsylvania
B. Massachusetts
C. Virginia
D. Georgia
C. the Dred Scott decision
45. What do Bill Clinton and George W.
Bush have in common?
A. Both sent forces to protect oil interests
in Kuwait from Iran.
B. They negotiated with Iranian radicals
who took Americans hostage.
C. They both brokered peace accords
between Israel and the PLO at
Camp David.
D. They initiated military operations
against Iraq due to possible WMDs.
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46. How did the Freedmen’s Bureau impact
education for African Americans?
A. It established more than 1,000
schools, including black colleges.
In which movement did Rich take part?
B. It worked to desegregate public school
systems in the South.
A. the Populist movement
C. It outlawed harassment of black
students in schools.
C. women’s suffrage
D. It founded a center for African
American education in each
major city.
47. What did Jane Addams, Ellen Starr Gates,
and Lillian Wald have in common?
A. They were key members of the Bull
Moose Party.
B. They were prominent muckrakers
who attacked big business.
C. They were major figures in the
women’s suffrage movement.
D. They founded settlement houses in
New York and Chicago.
48. What was the “problem with no name”
articulated by Betty Friedan?
22
49. Rich was an African American who was
born and raised in the South. During the
1920s, he moved north to Chicago.
B. the Great Migration
D. the labor movement
50. How do more recent terrorist incidents
differ from previous domestic terrorism in
the United States?
A. Incidents have become more violent
and reckless.
B. Terrorism has become a tool to
criticize federal domestic policies.
C. Recent incidents have often been in
response to American foreign policy.
D. Terrorism has been abandoned by
radicals who previously employed it.
51. Read the headlines and answer the
question that follows.
• Abraham Lincoln Elected President
A. a waning sense of duty among women
to their families and their country
• Confederate States of America Formed
B. the prevalence of women in postwar
industrial jobs
The beginning of which war is r eflected in
these headlines?
C. a dissatisfaction with women’s roles in
society following World War II
A. Civil War
D. the high population of young women
who were not married
C. War of 1812
• Fort Sumter Attacked
B. Mexican-American War
D. Spanish-American War
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52. How did the automobile affect
urban demographics?
A. Suburbs spread further from city
centers as cars enabled people
to travel.
B. Small rural towns grew in size as more
people left the city.
C. Roads kept suburban dwellers within a
tight area of possible travel.
D. Cars helped working class city dwellers
travel to other city neighborhoods.
53. What federal actions have been
taken to prevent recessions from
becoming depressions?
A. Recessions are limited to two
successive business quarters only.
B. Banks are subsidized by the federal
government in case of a stock
market crash.
C. The government has maintained strict
control over the stock market.
D. The government has periodically
issued tax cuts and interest
rate adjustments.
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54. What was a major cause of Irish
immigration to America in the mid-1800s?
A. the crash of the Lusitania
B. the Civil War
C. the Seven Years’ War
D. the Great Famine
55. How did dollar diplomacy differ from big
stick diplomacy?
A. Big stick diplomacy was rooted
in spreading the moral benefits
of democracy through the world
while dollar diplomacy did not have
moral ties.
B. Dollar diplomacy relied on preserving
business interests rather than military
intervention.
C. Dollar diplomacy was notably more
coercive than big stick diplomacy.
D. Big stick diplomacy is still in use
today, while dollar diplomacy was
eventually abandoned.
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