Thinking Critically
Use the lunar map below to answer the next
four questions.
Near Side
Far Side
A
C
D
B
19. APPLY Which points are at higher elevations?
Explain how you know.
29. PREDICT If Earth’s axis were not tilted with
respect to the orbit, would the seasons be different? Explain what you think would happen.
30. PROVIDE EXAMPLES How do the positions of
the Sun and the Moon affect what people do?
Give three examples of the ways that people’s
jobs or other activities are affected by the
positions of the Sun, the Moon, or both.
31. PREDICT Which shape of the Moon are
you most likely to see during the daytime?
Hint: Compare the directions of the Sun and
Moon from Earth in the diagram on page 637.
32. CLASSIFY What types of information have
scientists used to make inferences about
the Moon’s history?
20. COMPARE During a first-quarter moon, will
point A, point B, both, or neither be in sunlight? Hint: Use the diagram on page 637.
21. INFER During a total lunar eclipse, which
points will be in darkness?
22. INFER During a total solar eclipse, the Moon
is new. Which points will be in darkness?
23. CONNECT Use your knowledge of the motions of
Earth and the Moon to determine how long it
takes the Moon to travel once around the Sun.
South Pole
33. ANALYZE The photograph above shows the
side of Earth in sunlight at a particular time.
The location of the South Pole is indicated.
Was the photograph taken in March, in June,
in September, or in December?
24. ANALYZE Which two parts of the Moon have
important chemical elements in common?
Choose from the following: core, mantle,
crust, maria, highlands.
25. APPLY If it is noon for you, what time is it for
someone directly on the opposite side of Earth?
26. CLASSIFY On what part or parts of Earth are
winter and summer temperatures the most
different from each other?
27. APPLY If it is the winter solstice in New York,
what solstice or equinox is it in Sydney,
Australia, in the Southern Hemisphere?
28. PREDICT If Earth stayed exactly the same distance from the Sun throughout the year,
would the seasons be different? Explain what
you think would happen.
646 Unit 5: Space Science
34. APPLY Look again at the photograph on pages
616–617. Now that you have finished the
chapter, how would you change your response
to the question on the photograph?
35. SYNTHESIZE If you were an astronaut in the
middle of the near side of the Moon during a
full moon, how would the ground around you
look? How would Earth, high in your sky,
look? Describe what is in sunlight and what is
in darkness.
If you need to do an experiment for your unit project, gather the materials. Be sure to allow enough
time to observe results before the project is due.