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Kib+?TT2HBDF2 QMirBFF2HBM;2M pQ`K2M MH2B/BM; QK /2 T`Q#H2KiB2F ǵ22M TH2F
pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/Ƕ 2M ǵQMirQ`i2HBM;Ƕ i2 QM/2`xQ2F2M 2M i2 #2p`;2MX >B2`QM@
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pM bQ+BH2 BM#2//BM; 2M /2 iQ2M2K2M/2 BM/BpB/mHBb2`BM;X 1` Bb bT`F2 pM 22M
?Q;2 r`/2`BM; 2M biBKmH2`BM; pM miQMQKB2- ri H2B/i iQi iQ2M2K2M/2 BM/BpB@
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b+?TT2M 2M KQ2i xB+? p2`?Qm/2M iQi p2`b+?BHH2M/2 2M p2`M/2`2M/2 p2`#M/2MX
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22M `/B+HBb2`BM; pM HQFH +QKKmMBi`BbK2 UQMb@Q#b2bbB2VX .2x2 i2;2M;2bi2H/2
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BM /Bi p2`#M/ /i dzTH+2 @ K2Mi BM #Qi? i?2 i2``BiQ`BH M/ ;2Q;`T?B+H M/ i?2
bvK#QHB+ b2Mb2 @ #2+QK2b r?i +M `2bTQM/ iQ i?2 /2}+Bi Q7 +QKKmMBiv T`Q/m+2/
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22M TH2F- xQr2H BM ;2Q;`}b+?2 Hb BM bvK#QHBb+?2 xBM- Bb pQH;2Mb ?` 22M `2+iB2
QT ?2i 2`p`2M i2FQ`i M ;2K22Mb+?T 2M rQ`/i pM bi22/b ;`Qi2` #2HM; #BMM2M
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p2`/rBDM2M pM 22M ;2K22Mb+?T 2M /mb iQi /2 QMirQ`i2HBM; pM BM/BpB/m2MX
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.2 i?2KǶb ǵQMirQ`i2HBM;Ƕ 2M ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/Ƕ bT2H2M H ?22H p`Q2;
BM ?2i H2p2M 2M /2MF2M pM `2M/i 22M `QHX >` 2B;2M 2`p`BM;- Hb 22M /QQ` /2
.mBib2`b p2`pQH;/2 2M p2`/`2p2M DQ/BM- ?/ `2M/ib #2;`BT pQQ` ?2i MB2mr2 TQHB@
iB2F2 T`Q#H22K pM pHm+?i2HBM;2M 2M bii2HQx2M ;2b+?2`TiX _22/b BM ?` p`Q2;2
r2`F `B+?i `2M/i ?` M/+?i /M QQF QT ?2i QM/2`r2`T rQM2M U/r2HHBM;V- 22M
+iBpBi2Bi r` xBD QQF Qp2` bT`22Fi BM i2`K2M pM QMirQ`i2HBM; UmT`QQi2/M2bbVX PM@
/2` QMirQ`i2HBM; p2`bii `2M/i ;22M TH2F ?2##2M BM /2 r2`2H/ /B2 /QQ` M/2`2M
?2`F2M/ 2M #2p2biB;/ rQ`/iX oQQ` ?` #2i2F2Mi ?2i ;22M TH2F FmMM2M pBM/2M 22M
p2`HB2b pM K2Mb2HBDF?2B/X `2M/ib TQHBiB2F2 i?2Q`B2 pM ?2i ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M
2M /2 KMB2` r`QT xBD QMirQ`i2HBM; 2M 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/ /mB/i- #B2/i
BMi2`2bbMi2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi2M pQQ` /2 p2`?2H/2`BM; 2M /QQ`/2MFBM; pM /2x2
2tBbi2MiBďH2 2M bQ+BH2 T`Q#H2KiB2F #BMM2M /2 ?mB/B;2 iBD/X 1+?i2`- ?Q2r2H ?`
TQHBiB2F2 i?2Q`B2 pM ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M `FpHFF2M #B2/i QK /2x2 T`Q#H2KiB2F
Hb xQ/MB; i2 /QQ`/2MF2M- rQ`/i /2x2 p2`#BM/BM; Mmr2HBDFb 2tTHB+B2i mBi;2r2`FiX
.2 KQ;2HBDF2 p2`#BM/BM; pM /2 TQHBiB2F2 }HQbQ}2 pM `2M/i K2i xBM;2pBM; pM BM@
/BpB/m2M Bb `2H2pMi 2M BMi2`2bbMi pQQ` ?mKMBbiB2F@QM/2`xQ2F 2M pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF
pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X >2i `Fi M /2 p`; ?Q2 ?mKMBb2`BM; 2M xBM;2pBM;
xB+? iQi 2HF` p2`?Qm/2M 2M ri xBD M 2HF` #BD/`;2MX >2i Bb QK /2x2 `2/2M
BMi2`2bbMi QK i2 QM/2`xQ2F2M BM ?Q2p2``2 `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 `2H2pMi Bb pQQ` /2
T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`bX
lBi ?2i #Qp2MbiM/2 +QM+Hm/22` BF /i 2` ir22 TmMi2M xBDM /B2 BM /2 HBi2`imm`
iQi Mm iQ2 QMpQH/Q2M/2 mBir2`FBM; F`BD;2MX h2M 22`bi2 ;i ?2i QK 22M M/2`2
#2bim/2`BM; 2M 2tTHB+Bi2`BM; pM `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 QT /2 T`Q#H2KiB2F ǵQMirQ`@
i2HBM;Ƕ 2M ǵ;22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/Ƕ 2M /2 `2H2pMiB2 pM ?` T2`bT2+iB27 pQQ`
/2 ?mB/B;2 iBD/X h2M ir22/2 ;i ?2i QK /2 T2`bT2+iB2p2M /B2 ?` i?2Q`B2 #B2/i
8
RX
AMH2B/BM;
pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X
RXk .Q2Hbi2HHBM;
>2i /Q2H pM /Bi QM/2`xQ2F Bb ir22H2/B;X .2 22`bi2 /Q2Hbi2HHBM; Bb i?2Q`2iBb+? pM
`/X >2i #2i`27i ?2i p2`F`BD;2M pM BMxB+?i BM ?2i p2`biM pM /2 i?2KiB2F ǵQMi@
rQ`i2HBM;Ƕ 2M ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/Ƕ pMmBi `2M/ib TQHBiB2F2 i?2Q`B2X J2i
/2x2 bim/B2 rBH BF 22M #BD/`;2 H2p2`2M M /2 i?2Q`2iBb+?2 F2MMBb Qp2` `2M/ib
pBbB2 QT /2x2 i?2KiB2F 2M r2HF2 KQ;2HBDF2 QTHQbbBM;b`B+?iBM; xBD pQQ` /2x2 T`Q@
#H2KiB2F pQQ` Q;2M ?227iX >2i Bb ?B2`K22 22M MpmHHBM; QT #2biM/2 BMxB+?i2M
Qp2` /Bi QM/2`r2`TX J2i /Bi QM/2`xQ2F rBH BF i2p2Mb 22M #BD/`;2 H2p2`2M M /2
i?2Q`B2pQ`KBM; Qp2` /2 p2`#BM/BM; imbb2M T2`bQQMHBDF2 xBM;2pBM; 2M ?mKMBb2`BM;
pM /2 bK2MH2pBM;X
.2 ir22/2 /Q2Hbi2HHBM; Bb T`FiBb+? pM `/X >2i #2i`27i ?2i p2``mBK2M pM
/2 +QM+`2i2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b- /QQ` ?2i 2tTHB+Bi2`2M pM /2 T2`@
bT2+iB2p2M 2M KQ;2HBDF?2/2M /B2 `2M/i #B2/iX >B2`iQ2 rQ`/2M `2M/ib T2`bT2+@
iB2p2M p2`iH/ M` +QM+`2i2 ?M/pii2M 2M MFMQTBM;bTmMi2M pQQ` ;22bi2HBDF
#2;2H2B/2`bX >` T2`bT2+iB2p2M FmMM2M rQ`/2M #2Mmi pQQ` ?2i p2`#2i2`2M pM
#2;2H2B/BM;b@ 2M ?mKMBb2`BM;bT`FiBDF2MX
RXj o`;bi2HHBM;
.2 +2Mi`H2 p`;bi2HHBM; FM Mm Hb pQH;i ;27Q`KmH22`/ rQ`/2M,
PT r2HF2 rBDx2 r2`Ti >MM? `2M/ib i?2Q`B2 pM ?2i bT`2F2M 2M ?M/2@
H2M 22M MB2mr HB+?i QT 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/ BM /2 bQ+BH@+mHim`2H2
+QMi2ti pM /2 21ste 22mr 2M r2HF2 T2`bT2+iB2p2M #B2/i ?` i?2Q`B2 pQQ`
/2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;\
.2 p`;bi2HHBM; FM QM/2`p2`/22H/ rQ`/2M BM /2 pQH;2M/2 /22Hp`;2M,
RX qi Bb `2M/ib pBbB2 QT /2 KQ/2`M2 Kib+?TTBD 2M ri Bb /2 `2H2pMiB2
2`pM pQQ` /2 ?mB/B;2 iBD/\
kX q2HF2 BMxB+?i2M p2`b+?7i >MM? `2M/ib i?2Q`B2 pM ?2i bT`2F2M 2M ?M@
/2H2M K2i #2i`2FFBM; iQi /2 T`Q#H2KiB2F ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/Ƕ BM
/2 ?mB/B;2 bK2MH2pBM;\
jX PT r2HF2 rBDx2 FM /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; xB+? Hi2M BMbTB`2@
`2M /QQ` `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 QT 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/\
e
RX9X 1MF2H2 QTK2`FBM;2M Qp2` /2 ;2?Mi22`/2 #2;`BTT2M
RX9 1MF2H2 QTK2`FBM;2M Qp2` /2 ;2?Mi22`/2
#2;`BTT2M
AM /2x2 T`;`7 bi BF #2FMQTi biBH #BD 2MF2H2 +2Mi`H2 #2;`BTT2M /B2 BF BM /2
T`Q#H22Kbi2HHBM; 2M BM /Bi 7bim/22`QM/2`xQ2F ?Mi22`X 12M 22`bi2 /2}MBiB2Fr2biB2
/B2 BF rBH /`2bb2`2M #2i`27i /2 #2;`BTT2M ǵQMirQ`i2HBM;Ƕ 2M ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM
/2 r2`2H/ǶX M;2xB2M /Bi BM;2rBFF2H/2 #2;`BTT2M xBDM 2M BF /2x2 #2;`BTT2M BM /2
b+`BTiB2 M/2` QM/2`xQ2F- FM ?B2` pQHbiM rQ`/2M K2i 22M ;HQ#H2 QKb+?`BDpBM;X
AM H;2K2M2 xBM FM ;2bi2H/ rQ`/2M /i /2x2 #2;`BTT2M p2`rBDx2M M` /2 rBDx2
r`QT K2Mb2M 22M 2`F2M/2 2M #2i2F2MBbpQHH2 THib pBM/2M i2 KB//2M pM M/2`2MX
.2 MQiB2b ǵQMirQ`i2HBM;Ƕ 2M ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/Ƕ FmMM2M #2M/2`/ rQ`/2M
Hb 22M 2tBbi2MiB22H 2M bQ+BH ;2bBim22`/ T`Q+2bX PMirQ`i2HBM; Bb p2`rMi M
p2`p`22K/BM; 2M M ?2i ǵHQb`F2M pM /2 rQ`i2HbǶX .2 ǵ#2?Q27i2 M rQ`i2HbǶ FMK2i /2 6`Mb2 }HQbQ72 aBKQM2 q2BH- ;2xB2M rQ`/2M Hb 22M 2bb2MiB22H bT2+i pM /2
K2Mb2HBDF2 +QM/BiB2XR X 12M M/2` #2HM;`BDF #2;`BT /i BM /2 b+`BTiB2 M /2 Q`/2
FQKi 2M pM #2HM; Bb pQQ` ?2i /mB/2M pM 22M TH2F pBM/2M- Bb ?2i #2;`BT r2`2H/X AF
; ?B2` mBi pM /2 #2i2F2MBb /B2 `2M/i M /Bi #2;`BT ;227iX oQQ` `2M/i #2i2F2Mi
?2i #2;`BT ǵr2`2H/Ƕ xQr2H ?2i ;2?22H pM /2 /QQ` /2 K2Mb ;2KFi2 /BM;2M- Hb
/2 `mBKi2 imbb2M K2Mb2MX .2x2 `mBKi2 FQKi iQi biM/ r` K2Mb2M 2HF` H
?M/2H2M/ 2M bT`2F2M/ QMiKQ2i2M 2M pQQ` 2HF` p2`b+?BDM2MX
h2M ir22/2 /2 /2}MBiB2 pM /2 #2;`BTT2M ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M #BD `2M/iX PQF
/2x2 #2;`BTT2M rQ`/2M BM ?2i p2`pQH; pM /Bi QM/2`xQ2F M/2` mBi;2r2`FiX oQQ`
Mm pQHbii /2 QKb+?`BDpBM; pM ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M Hb K2Mb2HBDF2 +iBpBi2Bi2Mr`pM /2 7mM/K2Mi2H2 #2i2F2MBb 22M MB2mr #2;BM KF2M 2M 22M BMBiBiB27 M2K2M
BbX AM ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M QMi?mHH2M K2Mb2M xB+?x2H7 /QQ` KB//2H pM ?2i ;2#` 2M
?2i ;2bT`QF2M rQQ`/X LQiB2b /B2 22M #2HM;`BDF2 THib BMM2K2M BM ?` i?2Q`B2 pM
?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M xBDM THm`HBi2Bi 2M MiHBi2BiX SHm`HBi2Bi #2i2F2Mi pQQ` `2M/i
/2 p22H?2B/ pM mMB2F2 K2Mb2MX PM/2` MiHBi2Bi p2`bii `2M/i ?2i KF2M pM
22M MB2mr #2;BMX
12M /2`/2 #2;`BT /i ?B2` #2FMQTi QKb+?`2p2M /B2Mi i2 rQ`/2M Bb ;22bi2HBDF2
#2;2H2B/BM;X AM /2 HBi2`imm` rQ`/i QQF ;2bT`QF2M Qp2` #BDpQQ`#22H/ ;22bi2HBDF2
p2`xQ`;BM;- ;22bi2HBDF r2`F- `/br2`F Q7 TbiQ`i Up;HX QXX CQ`M- kyy3c JQQ@
`2M- RNNNVX AF ?Mi22` /2 /2}MBiB2 xQHb QT;2MQK2M BM /2 #2`Q2TbbiM/`/ pM
R
dzhQ #2 `QQi2/ Bb T2`?Tb i?2 KQbi BKTQ`iMi M/ H2bi `2+Q;MBx2/ M22/ Q7 i?2 ?mKM
bQmHX Ai Bb QM2 Q7 i?2 ?`/2bi iQ /2}M2X ?mKM #2BM; ?b `QQib #v pB`im2 Q7 ?Bb `2H- +iBp2 M/
Mim`H T`iB+BTiBQM BM i?2 HB72 Q7 +QKKmMBiv r?B+? T`2b2`p2b BM HBpBM; b?T2 +2`iBM T`iB+mH`
i`2bm`2b Q7 i?2 Tbi M/ +2`iBM T`iB+mH` 2tT2+iiBQMb 7Q` i?2 7mim`2XǶǶ UaBKQM2 q2BH- h?2 L22/
7Q` _QQibX S`2Hm/2 iQ .2+H`iBQM Q7 .miB2b hQr`/b JMFBM/ UGQM/QM, _QmiH2/;2- kyykV- 9jQQ`bT`QMF2HBDF ;2Tm#HB+22`/ Hb GǶ2M`+BM2K2MiX S`ûHm/2 ¨ mM2 /û+H`iBQM /2b /2pQB`b 2Mp2`b
HǶāi`2 ?mKBM US`Bb, :HHBK`/- RN9NVXV
d
RX
AMH2B/BM;
/2 o2`2MB;BM; :22bi2HBDF o2`xQ`;2`b BM wQ`;BMbi2HHBM;2M Uo:owV r` ;22bi2HBDF2
p2`xQ`;BM; ;2/2}MB22`/ rQ`/i Hb,
dz/2 T`Q72bbBQM2H2 2M K#ib?Hp2 #2;2H2B/BM; pM 2M ?mHTp2`H2MBM; M
K2Mb2M #BD xBM;2pBM; M ?mM #2biM- pMmBi 2M QT #bBb pM ;2HQQ7b 2M
H2p2MbQp2`imB;BM; 2M /2 T`Q72bbBQM2H2 /pBb2`BM; BMxF2 2i?Bb+?2 2MfQ7
H2p2Mb#2b+?Qmr2HBDF2 bT2+i2M BM xQ`;p2`H2MBM; 2M #2H2B/bpQ`KBM;ǶǶk
AF pQH; /2x2 /2}MBiB2- K` FB2b 2`pQQ` QK /2 i2`K ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; i2 ?M@
i2`2M- QK/i /2x2 i2`K xQr2H BM /2 Kbi2`QTH2B/BM; ?mKMBbiB2F- Hb BM /2 #2@
`Q2TbbiM/`/ ?mKMBbiBb+? ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; U>mKMBbiBb+? o2`#QM/- kyRjV
rQ`/i ;2?Mi22`/X :22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; Bb /2 QM/2`bi2mMBM; pM 2M #2;2H2B/BM;
#BD 2tBbi2MiBďH2 xBM;2pBM;bp`;2M- /B2 M /2 Q`/2 FmMM2M xBDM M` MH2B/BM; pM
2`p`BM;2M pM xBMHQQb?2B/ 2M p2`HB2b pM xBMX 1tBbi2MiBďH2 xBM;2pBM; FM ?B2`#BD
QT;2pi rQ`/2M Hb dz22M T2`bQQMHBDF2 p2`?Qm/BM; iQi /2 r2`2H/ r`BM ?2i 2B;2M
H2p2M ;2THibi rQ`/i BM 22M #`2/2` F/2` pM bK2M?M;2M/2 #2i2F2MBbb2MǴ UlMB@
p2`bBi2Bi pQQ` >mKMBbiB2F- kyRy- TX jc p;HX HK aKHBM;- kyRyVX wBM;2pBM;
Bb QMHQbKF2HBDF p2`#QM/2M K2i ?mKMBb2`BM;- ri QKb+?`2p2M FM rQ`/2M Hb
dz?2i #2pQ`/2`2M pM /2 pQQ`r`/2M pQQ` T2`bQQMHBDF2 xBM;2pBM;- BM ?2i F/2` pM
`2+?ip`/B;2 BMbiBimiB2b 2M 22M /mm`xK2 r2`2H/bK2MH2pBM;Ǵ UlMBp2`bBi2Bi pQQ`
>mKMBbiB2F- TX jVX
RX8 _2H2pMiB2 pM ?2i QM/2`xQ2F
.2x2 bim/B2 #2QQ;i #BD i2 /`;2M M ?2i QM/2`xQ2Fbp2H/ pM /2 ?mKMBbiB2F /QQ`
/2 i?2KiB2F ǵQMirQ`i2HBM;Ƕ 2M ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/Ƕ i2 p2`F2MM2M K2i
?2i QQ; QT xBMpQH UbK2MVH2p2MX >2i p2`?2H/2`2M 2M p2`/B2T2M pM /2 #2;`BTT2M
xBM;2pBM; 2M ?mKMBb2`BM; Bb 22M #2HM;`BDF QM/2`/22H pM /2 /Q2Hbi2HHBM; pM ?2i
QM/2`xQ2FbT`Q;`KK pM /2 lMBp2`bBi2Bi pQQ` >mKMBbiB2F Ulp>V kyRy @ kyR9
>mKMBbK2 2M ?mKMBi2Bi BM /2 kR2 22mrX PM/2`xQ2F M` 2M p2`?2H/2`BM; pM
/2 #2;`BTT2M ǵQMirQ`i2HBM;Ƕ 2M ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/Ƕ Bb pM #2HM;- QK/i
?2i 22M 7mM/K2Mi2H2 T`Q#H2KiB2F Bb #BMM2M ?2i QM/2`xQ2Fb/QK2BM pM /2 p2`#BM@
/BM; imbb2M T2`bQQMHBDF2 xBM;2pBM; 2M ?mKMBb2`BM; pM /2 bK2MH2pBM;X J2i /Bi
QM/2`xQ2F #2QQ; BF 22M MB2mr HB+?i i2 r2`T2M QT /2x2 T`Q#H2KiB2F- /QQ` 2` pMmBi
`2M/iBMb T2`bT2+iB27 M` i2 FBDF2MX >B2`K22 rQ`/i 22M #BD/`;2 ;2H2p2`/ M
22M F2`Mp`; pM ?mKMBbiB2F@QM/2`xQ2F- MK2HBDF ?Q2 ?mKMBb2`BM; 2M xBM;2pBM;
xB+? iQi 2HF` p2`?Qm/2M 2M ri xBD M 2HF` #BD/`;2MX .2x2 bim/B2 Bb /`K22
k
.2 /2}MBiB2 pM /2 o:ow HBDFi H;2K22M ;2++2Ti22`/ BM ?2i r2`Fp2H/- H Bb /2 o:ow
Hb #2`Q2Tbp2`2MB;BM; mBibHmBi2M/ QT /2 xQ`; ;2`B+?i U/2 Qp2`B;2 r2`Fp2H/2M- /272MbB2- DmbiBiB2 2i+X
F2MM2M pQQ`HbMQ; #BD KBDM r2i2M ;22M 2B;2M #2`Q2Tbp2`2MB;BM; 2MfQ7 #2`Q2TbbiM/`/VX .2
#2`Q2TbbiM/`/ Bb i2 `/TH2;2M pB ?iiT,ffrrrXp;pxXMHfmb2`}H2bf}H2bf#2`Q2TbbiM/`/XT/7X
3
RXeX o2`MirQQ`/BM; pM ?2i QM/2`xQ2F
K2i MK2 i?2Q`2iBb+? `2H2pMi pQQ` /2 ?mKMBbiB2F Hb r2i2Mb+?TX .2 `2H2pMiB2
pM /Bi QM/2`xQ2F Bb M/2` i2 bT2+B}+2`2M M` /2 7bim/22`p`BMi2M ;22bi2HBDF2
#2;2H2B/BM; U:"V 2M F`BiBb+?2 Q`;MBbiB2@ 2M BMi2`p2MiB2 bim/B2b UEPAaVX
J2i #2i`2FFBM; iQi ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; bHmBi /Bi 7bim/22`QM/2`xQ2F M #BD
?2i p2`F`BD;2M pM K22` BMxB+?i BM pQ`K2M 2M T`FiBDF2M pM HH2/;b2 xBM;2pBM;
2M ?mM 2tBbi2MiBďH2 /BK2MbB2- iQ2;2bTBibi QT /2 2tBbi2MiBďH2 i?2KiB2F ǵQMirQ`i2HBM;Ƕ
2M ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/ǶX :22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; ?227i xQr2H #2i`2FFBM; QT
BM/BpB/m2H2 xBM;2pBM;- Hb QT #`2/2`2 bK2MH2pBM;bp`;2M xQHb /B2 xB+? QM/2` M@
/2`2 pQQ`/Q2M Hb ;2pQH; pM BM/BpB/mHBb2`BM; 2M ;HQ#HBb2`BM;X J2i /Bi QM/2`xQ2F
bi`227 BF MB2i HH22M M` i?2Q`2iBb+?2 `2~2+iB2 2M p2`?2H/2`BM;- K` ?2# BF QQF
22M T`FiBb+?2 `2H2pMiB2 pQQ` Q;2MX .2 T`FiBb+?2 `2H2pMiB2 ?227i #2i`2FFBM; QT
?2i QM/2`xQ2F2M pM /2 p`; Q7 2` #BMM2M /2 ?2/2M/;b2 +QMi2ti MB2mr2 pQ`K2M
pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; QMirBFF2H/ FmMM2M rQ`/2M- Hb MirQQ`/ QT /2 T`Q#H2@
KiB2F ;22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/ 2M ;2`B+?i QT 22M xBMpQH H2p2M BM 22M ?mKM2
bK2MH2pBM;X .`Mbi bHmBi /Bi QM/2`xQ2F M #BD 22M M/2`2 /Q2Hbi2HHBM; pM ?2i
QM/2`xQ2FbT`Q;`KK pM /2 lp>- MK2HBDF ?2i BM F`i #`2M;2M 2M p2`bi2`F2M
pM #`QMM2M pM xBM;2pBM;- /B2 /2 #2i`QFF2M?2B/ QT ?mKMBi2Bi FmMM2M pQ2/2M
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p2`b+?BDM2M K2Mb2M M 2HF` Hb K2Mb2M 2M QMi?mHH2M xBD ?mM ǵrB2Ƕ- ?mM mMB2F2
T2`bQQMHBDF2 B/2MiBi2BiX `2M/i KFi 22M BMi2`2bbMi 2M #2HM;`BDF QM/2`b+?2B/
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r22i rB2 ?BD QMi?mHi rMM22` ?BD xB+? BM rQQ`/ 2M // F2M#` KFiX PK /2x2
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Mp`/2M 2M D2x2H7 i2 QMi?mHH2M- H/mb `2M/iX >2i K22bi 2B;2M`/B;2 T`Q#H22K
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?2i ǵrB2Ƕ MB2i #2b+?`2p2M FM rQ`/2M BM +QM+2Tim2H2 iHX .2 x2H7QMi?mHHBM; pM /2
bT`2F2M/2 2M ?M/2H2M/2 T2`bQQM ?227i 22M QM;`BDT#` 2M K#B;m F`Fi2`X PT
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ri B2KM/ Bb, 22M #2b+?`BDpBM; pM FrHBi2Bi2M /B2 ?BD /22Hi K2i M/2`2 K2Mb2MX
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BM rQQ`/2M i2 pM;2M 2M Hb ?2i r`2 pbi2 pQ`K i2 ;2p2MX hH KFi QMp2`KBD@
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2M KF2MX wQM/2` /2 QMi?mHHBM; pM /2 ?M/2H2M/2 T2`bQQM- p2`HB2bi ?2i ?M/2H2M
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BM 72Bi2 2p2Mx22` 22M KB//2H i2` #2`2BFBM; pM 22M /Q2H- Hb /i KF2M 22M KB//2H
Bb QK 22M Q#D2+i i2 T`Q/m+2`2MX PK/i K2M xQr2H BM rQQ`/ Hb BM // QMi?mHi
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dzaT22+?H2bb +iBQM rQmH/ MQ HQM;2` #2 +iBQM #2+mb2 i?2`2 rQmH/ MQ
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b2M xBDM QT 22M /2`;2HBDF2 THib #BD 2HF` BM dzb?22` ?mKM iQ;2i?2`M2bbǴX PK
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Qmi Q7 i?2 BKTQbbB#BHBiv Q7 7Q`2i2HHBM; i?2 +QMb2[m2M+2b Q7 M +i rBi?BM
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22M ir22iH QTHQbbBM;2M pQQ` /2x2 T`Q#H2K2MX .2 `2K2/B2b i2;2M /2 MQQ/HQiiB;2
+QK#BMiB2 pM QMpQQ`bT2H#`?2B/ 2M QMQKF22`#`?2B/ HB;;2M #BMM2M ?2i #2`2BF
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URNN3- TTX k99@k98V
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p2`;2p2MX .2x2 MQiB2 Bb K2i MK2 #2F2M/ BM /2 2i?Bb+?@`2HB;B2mx2 b722` 2M `2M/i
#`2M;i /2x2 Qp2` M` ?2i TQHBiB2F2 /QK2BMX w2 p2`;2HBDFi ?2i p2`KQ;2M QK i2
p2`;2p2M K2i /2 K+?i pM ?2i /Q2M pM rQM/2`2MX o2`;2p2M Bb BM `2M/ib QTiB2F
22M 2t2KTH`Bb+?2 KMB72biiB2 pM MiHBi2Bi- QK/i p2`;2p2M 22M bi`22T x2i QM/2`
22M // /B2 Fr/2 ;2pQH;2M ?/X >B2`K22 +`2ď2`i ?2i /2 FMb QK QTMB2mr i2
#2;BMM2MX .Bi xB2i `2M/i Hb 22M rQM/2`X
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xB;?2B/ 2M ?2i ?M/2H2M pM M/2`2MX oQH;2Mb ?` FM MK2HBDF MB2KM/ xB+?x2H7
p2`;2pBM; b+?2MF2M- 2M MB2KM/ FM xB+? p2`THB+?i pQ2H2M 22M #2HQ7i2 i2 ?Qm/2M
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;2H2B/2HBDF2 i2HQQ`;M; pM 22M Tm#HB2F2 `mBKi2 2M 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/X
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M2QHB#2`H2 Kib+?TTBDX SQHBiB2F Bb ?B2`BM p2`rQ`/2M iQi ?2i `2;2H2M UǵKM;2MǶV
pM bQ+BH@2+QMQKBb+?2 Fr2biB2bX `2M/i +QMbii22`i /`#BD /i K2Mb2M xB+?
i2`m;i`2FF2M mBi /2 bK2MH2pBM; BM xB+?x2H7X8 .2 22MxK?2B/ 2M QMirQ`i2HBM; /B2
?B2`/QQ` QMibii- ?227i pQH;2Mb ?` r2`2H/p2`p`22K/BM; iQi ;2pQH;X wBD bT`22Fi BM
/Bi p2`#M/- xQHb BM ?QQ7/bimF k M /2 Q`/2 Bb ;2FQK2M- Qp2` 22M p2`rQ2biBDMBM;
pM /2 ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/,
dzh?2 KQ/2`M ;`Qri? Q7 rQ`H/H2bbM2bb- i?2 rBi?2`BM; rv Q7 2p2`vi?BM;
#2ir22M mb- +M HbQ #2 /2b+`B#2/ b i?2 bT`2/ Q7 i?2 /2b2`iXǴUkyy8TX kyRV
>2i QMibiM pM r2`2H/HQQb?2B/ UrQ`H/H2bbM2bbV 2M ?2i p2`/rBDM2M pM /2 ;2K22M@
b+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/- #2b+?Qmri `2M/i Hb /2 p2`bT`2B/BM; pM /2 rQ2biBDMX G2ii2`@
HBDF #2i2F2Mi /Bi HQb xM/- r` ;22M p2`#M/ #2bii imbb2M /2 HQbb2 xM/FQ``2HiD2bX
hmbb2M /2 7xQM/2`HBDF2 /2H2M #2bii ;22M bK2M?M;X >2i ;2p` pM 22M rQ2b@
iBDM Bb /2 ;`Qi2 FMb QT xM/p2`bimBpBM;2MX wQM/2` ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 `mBKi2 Bb
2` ;22M #2b+?2`KBM; i2;2M xM/biQ`K2M, ?2i p`m+?i#`2 imbb2M K2Mb2M p2`bimB7iX
wQM/2` p`m+?i#`2 Qb2b- Bb 2` ;22M TH2F QK i2 rQ`i2H2MX >Q2 FmMM2M r2 Qb2b BM
/2 rQ2biBDM- Q7i2r2H 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/- +`2ď`2M\ >Q2 xQ`;2M r2 2`@
pQQ` /i /2 Qb2b MB2i mBi/`Q;2M\ >Q2 xQ`;2M r2 2`pQQ` ;22M rQ2biBDM#2rQM2`b i2
rQ`/2M BM 22M rQ2biBDM r` ;22M TH2F i2 pBM/2M Bb i2 KB//2M pM M/2`2M\ AM /2x2
T`;`7 ; BF BM QT /2x2 p`;2M /QQ` `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 QT 2M QTHQbbBM;b`B+?iBM;
pQQ` /2x2 T`Q#H2KiB2F i2 #2?M/2H2MX
>2i QT`mFF2M 2M mBi#`2B/2M pM /2 rQ2biBDM xQ`;2M 2`pQQ` /i 2` bi22/b KBM/2`
TH2FF2M xBDM QK i2 rQ`i2H2MX qi p2`HQ`2M ;i Bb MK2HBDF /2 BMi2`bm#D2+iB2p2;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/ 2M /2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2- r`BM ?2i KQ;2HBDF Bb 22M
TH2F i2 pBM/2M /B2 /QQ` M/2`2M ?2`F2M/ 2M #2p2biB;/ rQ`/iX >2i Bb `2M/ib
Qp2`imB;BM; /i HH22M TQHBiB2F- BM /2 xBM pM ;2xK2MHBDF ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M- QMb
/2 KQ;2HBDF?2B/ ;227i /2 r2`2H/ K2Mb2HBDF pQ`K i2 ;2p2MX >2i T2`bT2+iB27 /i xBD
#B2/i QT /2 p2`rQ2biBDMBM; pM /2 bK2MH2pBM; FM Hb pQH;i ;27Q`KmH22`/ rQ`/2M,
?2i +`2ď`2M pM 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 Hb Qb2 BM /2 rQ2biBDMX
qMM22` ?2i MB2i KQ;2HBDF Bb 22M TH2F i2 pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/- rQ`/i B2KM/
/2 KQ;2HBDF?2B/ QMi?Qm/2M QK BM //2M 2M rQQ`/2M i2 p2`b+?BDM2M 2M ;2xB2M i2
rQ`/2M /QQ` M/2`2MX >2i ?QQ`i #BD K2Mb@xBDM QK xB+? i2 Hi2M xB2MX J` D2 Hi2M
xB2M Hb K2Mb ?227i r2BMB; xBM- Hb 2` ;22M M/2`2 K2Mb2M xBDM QK D2 i2 xB2MX PK
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Hb K2Mb i2 p2`b+?BDM2M xBDM M/2`2M MQ/B; /B2 DQm xB2M 2M #2p2biB;2M- /B2 DQmr
B/2MiBi2Bi 22M K2Mb2HBDF2 r2`F2HBDF?2B/ ;2p2MX LB2KM/ FM K2i M/2`2 rQQ`/2M
BM ?2i 2MF2HpQm/ #2biM, Hb D2 MB2i imbb2M K2Mb2M H227i- #2bi D2 MB2i Hb K2MbX
`2M/i b+?`BD7i ?B2`Qp2` ?2i pQH;2M/2,
dzh?2 rQ`H/ K2M `2 #Q`M BMiQ +QMiBMb KMv i?BM;b- Mim`H M/ `iB@
}+BH- HBpBM; M/ /2/- i`MbB2Mi M/ b2KTiBi2`MH- HH Q7 r?B+? ?p2 BM
+QKKQM i?i i?2v TT2` M/ ?2M+2 `2 K2Mi iQ #2 b22M- ?2`/- (Ę)
iQ #2 T2`+2Bp2/ #v b2MiB2Mi +`2im`2b (Ę) LQi?BM; M/ MQ#Q/v 2tBbib BM
i?Bb rQ`H/ r?Qb2 p2`v #2BM; /Q2b MQi T`2bmTTQb2 bT2+iiQ`X AM Qi?2`
rQ`/b- MQi?BM; i?i Bb- BMbQ7` b Bi TT2`b- 2tBbib BM i?2 bBM;mH`c 2p2@
`vi?BM; i?i Bb Bb K2Mi iQ #2 T2`+2Bp2/ #v bQK2#Q/vX LQi JM #mi
K2M BM?#Bi i?Bb THM2iX SHm`HBiv Bb i?2 Hr Q7 i?2 2`i?XǴ U`2M/iRNd3- TX RNVX
M/2`2 K2Mb2M 7mM;2`2M Hb iQ2b+?Qmr2`b 2M Hb ǵ#2p2biB;2`bǶX hQ2b+?Qmr2`b xBDM
ǵr`@M2K2`bǶ- 2M xBDM 22M ǵr`@#Q`;Ƕ pQQ` r2`F2HBDF?2B/X .2 p2`b+?BDMBM; Hb K2Mb
KQ2i HiBD/ /QQ` M/2`2 K2Mb2M ǵp2`K2Mb2HBDFiǶ rQ`/2MX M/2`2 K2Mb2M xBDM QM@
KBb#` QK DQmr p2`b+?BDMBM; BM /2 K2Mb2HBDF2 r2`2H/ i2 #2p2biB;2M- i2 2`F2MM2M
2M i2 #2K2MX
A2/2` H2p2M/ r2x2M #2xBi 22M /`M; QK i2 p2`b+?BDM2M- 22M /`M; iQi x2H7p2`@
iQQM Ub2H7@/BbTHv Q7 a2H#bi/`bi2HHmM;VX `2M/i ;2#`mBFi ?B2`pQQ` QQF /2 mBi/`mF@
FBM; ǵKF2 i?2B` 2Mi`M+2Ƕ 2M ǵKF2 i?2B` TT2`M+2Ƕ, K2Mb2M p2`iQM2M xB+?x2H7
xQHb +i2m`b QT 22M TQ/BmKX .Bi TQ/BmK Bb 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b@
`mBKi2- /2 THib r` D2 i2M 22`bi2 p`BD #2Mi QK i2 p2`b+?BDM2M QM/2` ;2HBDF2M 2M
i2M ir22/2 /2 THib r` M/2`2M xB2M /i 2M ?Q2 DBD D2 T`2b2Mi22`iX J2i p2`b+?BD@
MBM;b`mBKi2 UbT+2 Q7 TT2`M+2V #2/Q2Hi `2M/i /2 `mBKi2 r`BM BF p2`b+?BDM
M M/2`2M 2M M/2`2M M KBD p2`b+?BDM2MX .2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 #2bii MB2i
pMx2H7bT`2F2M/ 2M HiBD/- QK/i 2` bT`F2 /B2Mi i2 xBDM pM 22M `mBKi2 pM p`BD@
?2B/ 2M ;2HBDF?2B/X AM ?2i ;2pH pM /2 bHp2`MBD BM /2 Pm/?2B/- /2 `#2B/2` BM
/2 KB//2H22mr2M Q7 /2 r2`FM2K2` 2M xF2MKM BM /2 ?mB/B;2 iBD/- Bb Mmr2HBDFb
bT`F2 pM /2 KQ;2HBDF?2B/ QK i2 p2`b+?BDM2M BM 22M ǵp2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2Ƕ U`2M/iRNN3VX AM /2`;2HBDF2 bBimiB2b #2bii 2` BKK2`b BM #2T2`Fi2 Ki2 ;2HBDF?2B/ 2M Bb
2` Mmr2HBDFb KQ;2HBDF?2B/ QK BM pQHH2/B;2 p`BD?2B/ i2 p2`b+?BDM2MX
12M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 ?227i xQr2H /2 FrHBi2Bi pM QT2M#`?2B/- Hb pM ;2@
K22Mb+?TT2HBDF?2B/X oQQ` 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 Bb 22M ;2K22Mb+?T MQ/B; /B2
#2bii mBi 22M bK2M@xBDM pM K2Mb2MX .2 ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/ QMibii
xQ/` 2M xQHM; K2Mb2M ?mM p2`b+?BHH2M/2 T2`bT2+iB2p2M 2M K2MBM;2M Tm#HB2F2HBDF
UQT2M#`V iQM2MX >2i p2`b+?BDM2M Hb K2Mb M K2/2K2Mb2M Bb HH22M KQ;2HBDF
/QQ` ?2i ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF bT`2F2M- K2i M/2`2 rQQ`/2M- /QQ` ?2i QT2M2M Q7 pQ2@
`2M pM 22M ;2bT`2FX >2i /Q2H pM ?2i QMi?mHH2M 2M mBirBbb2H2M pM p2`?H2M 2M
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T2`bT2+iB2p2M Bb Mő2i QK p2`b+?BHH2M ;H/ i2 bi`BDF2M Q7 QK iQi Qp2`22Mbi2KKBM; i2
FQK2MX >2i ;i 2` BMi2;2M/22H QK `2+?i i2 /Q2M M /2 K22`pQm/B;?2B/ pM mBi@
22MHQT2M/2 T2`bT2+iB2p2M 2M 2`p`BM;2M- QK xQ iQi 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/
i2 FQK2MX AM /2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 FM K2M /QQ` ?2i bT`2F2M 2M ?M/2H2M ;2xB2M
2M ;2?QQ`/ rQ`/2M 2M QMibii 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/X AM 22M p2`b+?BD@
MBM;b`mBKi2 Bb `mBKi2 pQQ` p2`b+?BH- pQQ` mMB+Bi2Bi- Fr2ib#`?2B/ 2M M/2`b@xBDM
2M rQ`/i B2KM/ Hb rB2 2`F2M/X "Qp2M/B2M Bb 2` /QQ` i2 p2`b+?BDM2M BM 22M ;2@
K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/ `mBKi2 pQQ` MiHBi2Bi- pQQ` /2 ;2#QQ`i2 pM B2ib MB2mrbX
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AM H;2K2M2 xBM FM ?M/2H2M- BM `2M/ib #2i2F2MBb pM ?2i rQQ`/- ?2i #2bi2
#2;`2T2M rQ`/2M Hb BMi2`+iB2 2M D2x2H7 QMi?mHH2MX .`Mbi ;i ?2i #BD ?M/2H2M
QK ?2i KF2M pM 22M MB2mr #2;BMX >M/2H2M Hb BMi2`+iB2 +Q``2bTQM/22`i K2i ?2i
;2;2p2M pM ?2i QM/2`b+?2B/2M@xBDM pM 2HF`X >B2`K22 Bb ?2i /2 +imHBb2`BM; pM
/2 K2Mb2HBDF2 +QM/BiB2 pM /2 THm`HBi2Bi- /i rBH x2;;2M, dzQ7 HBpBM; b /BbiBM+i M/
mMB[m2 #2BM; KQM; 2[mHbXǴ U`2M/i- RNN3- TX Rd3VX J2i ?2i #2;`BT THm`HBi2Bi
p2`rBDbi `2M/i M` ?2i ;2;2p2M /i ?2i K2Mb2HBDF #2biM BM r2x2M ǵbK2M H2p2MǶ
#2i2F2MiX >2i ?M/2H2M Hb ?2i KF2M pM 22M MB2mr #2;BM +Q``2bTQM/22`i K2i ?2i
;2;2p2M pM /2 ;2#QQ`i2 2M Bb ?B2`K22 /2 +imHBb2`BM; pM /2 K2Mb2HBDF2 +QM/BiB2
pM MiHBi2BiX `2M/i #2M/`mFi /i ?2i K2Mb2HBDF p2`KQ;2M QK B2ib MB2mrb i2
#2;BMM2M- MB2i p2`MB2iB;/ FM rQ`/2MX ǵ:2#QQ`i2HBDF?2B/Ƕ Bb ?2i p2`KQ;2M B2ib
MB2mrb 2M QMp2`r+?ib BM ;M; i2 x2ii2MX LiHBi2Bi Bb pQH;2Mb `2M/i /2 F2`M pM
/2 K2Mb2HBDF2 p`BD?2B/X
h2`rBDH /2 +iBpBi2Bi pM ?2i r2`F2M /2 Ki2`BďH2 r2`2H/ iQi biM/ #`2M;i- QMi@
bii BM ?2i ?M/2H2M /2 BKKi2`BďH2- Tm#HB2F2 2M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/X .2x2
r2`2H/ #2bii mBi ?2i bvK#QHBb+?2 2M pHm+?iB;2 r2# pM K2Mb2HBDF2 `2HiB2b 2M
H2p2Mbp2`?H2MX wQ/` r2 22M BMBiBiB27 M2K2M- rQ`/2M r2 BM;2pQ2;/ BM 22M BM@
i2`K2Mb2HBDF M2ir2`F- ?2i ǵr2# pM `2HiB2bǶX HH22M BM ?2i ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M
FmMM2M K2Mb2M Hb K2Mb2M M 2HF` p2`b+?BDM2M 2M xB+? iQM2MX >M/2H2M 2M
bT`2F2M xBDM bH2+?ib KQ;2HBDF bK2M K2i 2M i2 KB//2M pM M/2`2MX >2i Bb QK /2x2
`2/2M /i ?M/2H2M 22M Tm#HB2F2 2M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 MQ/B;
?227i, 22M `mBKi2 QK D2 i2 Hi2M xB2M 2M ?Q`2M 2M QK ;2xB2M 2M ;2?QQ`/ i2 rQ`/2MX
`2M/i xB2i ?2i K2Mb2HBDF p2`KQ;2M iQi ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M Hb /2 `2K2/B2 pQQ`
r2`2H/p2`p`22K/BM; 2M pQQ` /2 p2`rQ2biBDMBM; pM /2 ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/X
>` T`BKB`2 BMx2i Bb /M QQF /2 ?2`r`/2`BM; pM ?2i ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 BM ?2i
K2Mb2HBDF bK2MH2p2MX HH22M BM 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/ 2M p2`b+?BDMBM;b@
`mBKi2 Bb ?2i KQ;2HBDF i2 rQ`i2H2M 2M 22M TH2F i2 pBM/2M i2 KB//2M pM M/2`2MX
12M #2HM;`BDF2 pQQ`r`/2 pQQ` ?2i QMibiM pM 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/
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2M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2- Bb pQH;2Mb `2M/i /i /2 mMB+Bi2Bi pM B2/2` K2Mb 2M /2
THm`HBi2Bi pM HH2 K2Mb2M QM/2`HBM; 2`F2M/ rQ`/2MX Sb Hb 22M bK2MH2pBM;
/2x2 THm`HBi2Bi pQH/Q2M/2 ;`M/22`i- /i rBH x2;;2M ?2i `2+?i ;227i M K2Mb2M
QK pM 2HF` i2 p2`b+?BHH2M- FM x2 QQF /2 `mBKi2 b+?2TT2M r`#BMM2M K2Mb2M
MB2mr2 BMBiBiB2p2M FmMM2M QMiTHQQB2MX Hb /B2 THm`HBi2Bi QMiF2M/ rQ`/i Q7 Hb B2@
/2`22M ;2/rQM;2M rQ`/i xB+? QM/2` 22M bT2+B}2F K2Mb#22H/ i2 b+?`2M- /M HQQTi
/2 ǵir22/2 ;2#QQ`i2Ƕ ;2p`X
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H2p2M@b+?2MF2M/2 #`QMM2M UHB72@;BpBM; bQm`+2bV K2i #2?mHT pM /2 TQHBiB2F2 pBbB2
pM `2M/i 2M xQ D r2HF2\ AM ?2i pQH;2M/2 ?QQ7/bimF ; BF BM QT /2 #2i2F2MBb pM
`2M/ib i?2Q`B2 pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X
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"2;BMM2M- D2 FmMi ?2i MB2i H2`2MX
"2;BMM2M- D2 F`BD;i ?2i ?B2` K22X
"2;BMM2M Bb 22M M;2#Q`2M b+?`iD2
oM #Hmrxmm` 2M ;Qm/ BM D2 BM#Q`biX
>2i FMBTi Hb D2 bHTi BM /2 MK
oM D2 HB27bi2- ?2i FMBTi xB+? BM biBHi2 22M r2;
.QQ` /2 rB2; pM D2 xQM2M- ?2i FMBTi xB+? QQF /r`b
.QQ` D2 ?mm`+QMi`+i2M 2M #MFbbB;MiB2b- ?2i FMBTi
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o2`HQ`2M- #2;BMM2MX
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"2;BMM2M /mm`i ?2i HM;biX
"2;BMM2M ?227i ;22M iQ2FQKbi /M
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12M `2M/iBMb T2`bT2+iB27 QT ;22bi2HBDF2
#2;2H2B/BM;
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>QQT #2i2F2Mi HiBD/ FH` biM pQQ` /i;2M2 ri MQ;
MB2i ;2#Q`2M Bb- xQM/2` rM?QTB; i2 rQ`/2M Hb 2` ;22M
;2#QQ`i2 BM QMb H2p2M THibpBM/iX
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AM /2 pQQ`;M/2 ?QQ7/bimFF2M #2M BF BM;2;M QT `2M/ib i?2Q`B2 pM ?M/2H2M
2M bT`2F2M 2M M ?2i T2`bT2+iB27 /i ?` i?2Q`B2 #B2/i QT QMirQ`i2HBM; 2M 22M TH2F
pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/X AM /Bi ?QQ7/bimF bii ?2i ir22/2 /22H pM /2 p`;bi2HHBM; pM
/2x2 b+`BTiB2 +2Mi`H- MK2HBDF /2 p`; r2HF2 T2`bT2+iB2p2M `2M/ib i?2Q`B2 pM
?2i ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M #B2/i pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X .2x2
p`; #2?M/2H BF BM /Bi ?QQ7/bimF /QQ` 22`bi #2FMQTi 22M FQ`i2 BMH2B/BM; i2 ;2p2M
Qp2` ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; 2M /`#BD BM i2 ;M QT 22M #2HM;`BDF2 FMii2F2MBM;
/B2 i2 KF2M pHi #BD /2 p2`iHbH; pM /2 TQHBiB2F2 }HQbQ}2 pM `2M/i M` /2
T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; U9XRVX o2`pQH;2Mb #2bi22/ BF M/+?i M 22M
/`B2iH MQiB2b mBi `2M/ib ;2/+?i2;Q2/ /B2 M` KBDM K2MBM; pM #2HM; FmMM2M
xBDM pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF 2M /2 iQ2FQKbi pM /2 ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X >2i ;i i2M
22`bi2 QK ?2i iQi biM/ #`2M;2M pM 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 U9XkV- i2M ir22/2
QK ?2i #2;2H2B/2M M` 22M MB2mr #2;BM U9XjV 2M i2M /2`/2 QK `2M/ib #2;`BT
KQ` KmM/B U9X9VX .2x2 /`B2 MQiB2b rQ`/2M +?i2`22MpQH;2Mb #2?M/2H/X "BD ?2i
+QM+`2iBb2`2M pM /2x2 MQiB2b Tb BF `2M/ib /2MF2M iQ2 QT #2biM/2 i?2Q`B2ďM
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9XR :22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;, 22M FQ`i2
BMi`Q/m+iB2
PM/2` ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; FM /2 T`Q72bbBQM2H2 2M K#ib?Hp2 #2;2H2B/BM; pM
2M ?mHTp2`H2MBM; M K2Mb2M p2`biM rQ`/2M #BD xBM;2pBM; M ?mM #2biM- pM@
mBi 2M QT #bBb pM ;2HQQ7b@ 2M H2p2MbQp2`imB;BM;X .`Mbi Bb 22M #2HM;`BDF
bT2+i pM ?2i r2`F /2 T`Q72bbBQM2H2 /pBb2`BM; #BD 2i?Bb+?2 2MfQ7 H2p2Mb#2b+?Qm@
r2HBDF2 bT2+i2M BM xQ`;p2`H2MBM; 2M #2H2B/bpQ`KBM; Uo:ow- kyRyVXR AM BM/BpB/m2H2@
2M ;`Q2Tb;2bT`2FF2M `B+?i2M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b xB+? QT /2 #2i2F2MBbb2M /B2 K2M@
b2M ;2p2M M /2 ;2#2m`i2MBbb2M BM ?mM H2p2M 2M M /i ri ?2M Qp2`FQKiX wBD
#2M/2`2M K2Mb2M Hb r2x2Mb /B2 ?mM H2p2M #2i2F2MBb 2M xBM FmMM2M ;2p2M- B2/2`2
F22` QTMB2mr- BM 22M /vMKBb+? T`Q+2bX .2 #2`Q2TbT`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B@
/BM; F`BD;i ;2biHi2 BM r2`Fp2H/2M xQHb /2 xQ`;- DmbiBiB2- /272MbB2 2M p`BD;2p2biB;/
`/br2`FX 1` xBDM p2`b+?BHH2M/2 QMirBFF2HBM;2M #BMM2M 2M #mBi2M /2x2 r2`Fp2H/2M
;M/2- /B2 pM BMpHQ2/ xBDM QT /2 BM?Qm/- #2i2F2MBb- TQbBiB2 2M iQ2FQKbi pM ?2i
#2`Q2T ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; UoQbKM- kyRkc oM .mBDp2M#QQ/2M- kyR9c G+2mHH2kyyNVX >2i ;i QK QMirBFF2HBM;2M #BMM2M BMbi2HHBM;2M- #BDpQQ`#22H/ p2`Ki@
b+?TT2HBDFBM;- i`MbKm`HBb2`BM;- /2 BMpQ2`BM; pM +QM+2Ti2M 2M K2+?MBbK2M mBi
/2 K`Fi#2M/2`BM;- /2 #2?Q27i2 M xQ;2MK/2 ǵi`MbT`MiB2Ƕ BM 2M +QMi`QH2
Qp2` /2 xQ`; 2M H/QQ` iQ2M2K2M/2 i2+?MBb+?2 2M bQ+BH@i2+?MQHQ;Bb+?2 KQ;2HBDF@
?2/2M UoQbKM- kyRjc oM /2M 1M/2- kyRRVX .`Mbi xBDM 2` QMirBFF2HBM;2M
QT ?2i ;2#B2/ pM `2HB;B2 BM QMx2 bK2MH2pBM;- xQHb 22M mBirB2`BM; pM xBM;2@
pBM;bbiBDH2M 2M H2p2Mb#2b+?Qmr2HBDF2 BM/BpB/BmHBb2`BM; USHmK oM /2 G`- kyRjc
EmMM2KM- kyyeVX .2x2 QMirBFF2HBM;2M 2M i2M/2Mb2M ?2##2M pQQ` ;22bi2HBDF2 #2@
;2H2B/BM; Hb #2`Q2T BM;`BDT2M/2 +QMb2[m2MiB2b ri #2i`27i /2 H2;BiBKiB2 pM ?mM
r2`FX .2x2 p2`M/2`BM;2M 2M QMirBFF2HBM;2M pQ`K2M 2M2`xBD/b 22M #2/`2B;BM; pQQ`
?2i #2`Q2T BM i`/BiBQM2H2 xBMX M/2`xBD/b #B2/2M xBD QQF #2HM;`BDF2 mBi/;BM;2M
pQQ` /2 #2`Q2Tb;`Q2TX
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pM ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b /Bb+mbbB2 THib Qp2` /2 2B;2M #2`Q2TbB/2MiBi2BiX AF ?QQT
/QQ` ?2i QM/2`xQ2F2M pM `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27- BM/B`2+i 22M #BD/`;2 i2 FmMM2M
H2p2`2M M /2 ?mB/B;2 /Bb+mbbB2 `QM/QK /2 B/2MiBi2Bi 2M BM?Qm/ pM ?2i #2`Q2T
pM /2 ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`X oQQ`/i BF /B2T2` BM; QT /2 #2i2F2MBb pM ?2i ;2@
/+?i2;Q2/ pM `2M/i pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;- #2?M/2H BF
22`bi 22M #2HM;`BDF2 FMii2F2MBM; /B2 ?B2`#BD i2 THib2M BbX >2i Bb BM x2F2`2 xBM
MK2HBDF 22M ;2r;/2 2t2`+BiB2 QK `2M/ib i?2Q`B2 i2 p2`iH2M M` /2 +QM+`2i2
T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X >Q2r2H 2` 22M Mmr2 `2HiB2 #2bii imbb2M
?` /2MF2M 2M /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;- rQ`/2M 2` QQF 22M MiH
7mM/K2Mi2H2 p2`b+?BHH2M xB+?i#`X
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9XRX :22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;, 22M FQ`i2 BMi`Q/m+iB2
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HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; rQ`/2M K2i MK2 xB+?i#` BM `2M/ib /mB/BM; pM ?2i #2;`BT
ǵTQHBiB2FǶX `2M/ib #2;`BT pM ?2i TQHBiB2F2 Bb 7;2H2B/ pM ?2i H2p2M BM /2 TQHBb 2M
?227i BM /2 K22bi #`2/2 xBM pM ?2i rQQ`/ /2 #2i2F2MBb pM ?2i ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2
2M ?2i QT2M#`2X >2i TQHBiB2F2 pBM/i THib QT 22M Tm#HB2F 2M QT2M#` TQ/BmKQ7 /Bi Mm 22M i?2i2`- 22M /2#i+2Mi`mK- 22M r2#HQ; Q7 /2 QTBMB2T;BM pM 22M
iBD/b+?`B7i Q7 F`Mi BbX >2i Tm#HB2F2 #BD `2M/i #2?2Hbi /2 `mBKi2 r` K2Mb2M Hb
;2HBDF2M- #2HM;2HQQb K2i 2HF` bT`2F2MX Sm#HB2F p2`rBDbi pQH;2Mb `2M/i M`
/i;2M2 ri BM ?2i QT2M#` p2`b+?BDMi 2M /QQ` B2/2`22M ;2?QQ`/ 2M ;2xB2M FM
rQ`/2MX .`Mbi p2`rBDbi Tm#HB2F M` /2 r2`2H/ x2H7- /2 r2`2H/ Hb 22M ;2@
K22Mb+?TT2HBDF i?mBb pQQ` K2Mb2MX SQHBiB2F Bb K2i M/2`2 rQQ`/2M 22M Tm#HB2F2p`BD2 `mBKi2 r` K2Mb2M 2HF` QMiKQ2i2M Hb ;2HBDF2M- r` ;22M H2p2MbMQQ/x@
F2HBDF?2/2M p2`pmH/ rQ`/2M 2M MB2i ?Q27i i2 rQ`/2M ;2r2`Fi 2M ;2+QMbmK22`/Xk AM
`2M/iBMb2 xBM #2i`27i /2 BM?Qm/ pM ?2i TQHBiB2F2 bT`2F2M /2 mBi/`mFFBM; pM
K2MBM;2M- BMxB+?i2M 2M QTBMB2b /B2 #2i`2FFBM; ?2##2M QT /2 ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2
r2`2H/X
"BMM2M ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; rQ`/2M r2HBbr` #2HM;2HQx2 ;2bT`2FF2M ;2@
pQ2`/- K` /2 BM?Qm/ pM /2 ;2bT`2FF2M 2M /2 THib r` /2x2 ;2pQ2`/ rQ`/2Mp2`b+?BHi pM ?2i #2;`BT pM TQHBiB2F #BD `2M/iX h2M 22`bi2 ?Q27i ?2i QM/2`r2`T
pM ;2bT`2F #BD ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; MB2i /2 r2`2H/ Q7 ?2i r2`2H/HBDF2 i2 xBDMK` #2i`27i ?2i pF /2 ǵ#BMM2MǶ@r2`2H/ pM T2`bQQMHBDF2 2`p`BM;2M 2M #2H2pBM@
;2M- 2KQiB2b 2M `2~2+iB2bX o`;2M /B2 M /2 Q`/2 FQK2M ;M Qp2` M;bi- p2`/`B2i
2M p2`HB2b- #BDpQQ`#22H/, rB2 #2M BF\ q`QK Qp2`FQKi KBD /Bi\ qi Bb /2 xBM pM
KBDM H2p2M\ q` ?2i TQHBiB2F2 #BD `2M/i #2;`2T2M FM rQ`/2M Hb ?2i b+?2TT2M
pM `mBKi2 pQQ` MB2mr2 pBbB2b 2M BMxB+?i2M K2i #2i`2FFBM; iQi /2 r2`2H/- ;i ?2i
#BD ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; p22H22` QK ?2i b+?2TT2M pM `mBKi2 pQQ` MB2mr2 pBbB2b
2M BMxB+?i2M QT 2tBbi2MiBďH2 H2p2Mb@ 2M xBM;2pBM;bp`;2MX h2M ir22/2 xBDM ;22bi2HBDF
#2;2H2B/2`b pMQm/b r2`FxK BM BMbi2HHBM;2M 2M BMbiBimiB2b- /B2 bi`BFi ;2MQK2M
MB2i QM/2` `2M/ib QTpiiBM; pM ?2i Tm#HB2F2 /QK2BM pHH2MX oQH;2Mb ?` pH@
H2M /2`;2HBDF2 BMbiBimiB2b QM/2` /2 MQ2K2` ǵ?2i Kib+?TT2HBDF2Ƕ Ui?2 bQ+BHVX .2
Kib+?TTBD bii /mb pQQ` ?2i ;2?22H pM BMbiBimiB2bX AM /2 QTpiiBM; pM `2M/i
?227i ?2i Kib+?TT2HBDF2 /2 xQ`;iF2M pM /2 H2/2M pM /2 bK2MH2pBM; Qp2`;2@
MQK2M 2M BM ;2śMbiBimiBQMHBb22`/2 pQ`K ;2Q`;MBb22`/Xj >2i TQHBiB2F2 #BD `2M/i
pBM/i 2+?i2` HiBD/ THib #BMM2M /2 Tm#HB2F2 `mBKi2X
.2 BM?Qm/- THib 2M +QMi2ti pM /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; rBDF2M
/mb 7 pM `2M/ib #2;`BT pM ?2i TQHBiB2F2 2M ?2i Tm#HB2F2X >2i Bb /2bHMB2ii2KBM
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/2 ?mB/B;2 bK2MH2pBM; MB2i K22` BM /2x2 bi`BFi2 #2i2F2MBb #2biiX aH2+?ib ?B2` 2M /` #2biM
2` THib2M 2M #BD22MFQKbi2M K2i Tm#HB2F2 F2MK2`F2MX >B2`BM rQ`/i xB+?i#` /i /2 bi`BFi2
QM/2`b+?2B/BM;2M /B2 `2M/i KFi- BM /2 T`FiBDF bH2+?ib ;2/22Hi2HBDF i2 +QM+`2iBb2`2M xBDMX
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12M `2M/iBMb T2`bT2+iB27 QT ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;
BMi2`2bbMi 2M `2H2pMi QK `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 i2 #2i`2FF2M QT ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B@
/BM;X qMM22` r2 MK2HBDF ?2i TQHBiB2F2 #BD `2M/i #2;`BDT2M Hb ?2i b+?2TT2M
pM `mBKi2 pQQ` MB2mr2 pBbB2b 2M BMxB+?i2M- /M rQ`/i xB+?i#` /i 2` r2H /2;2HBDF
22M Mmr p2`#M/ Bb imbb2M /2 TQHBiB2F2 }HQbQ}2 pM `2M/i 2M /2 T`FiBDF pM
;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X
9Xk .2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2, `mBKi2 KF2M pQQ`
x2H7QMi?mHHBM;
A2/2` K2Mb ?227i `2+?i QT 22M #2i2F2MBbpQHH2 TH2F BM /2 r2`2H/X wQM/2` /2x2 TH2F pM
r`mBi #2i2F2MBbpQH bT`2F2M 2M ?M/2H2M KQ;2HBDF Bb- Bb B2KM/ MB2i BM bii QK
mBi/`mFFBM; i2 ;2p2M M ǵrB2Ƕ B2KM/ BbX AM 22M /2`;2HBDF ;2pH xH K2M #2?M/2H/
rQ`/2M M` ǵriǶ B2KM/ BbX >2i QMiMQK2M rQ`/2M pM 22M TH2F BM /2 r2`2H/- xB2i
`2M/i Hb 22M p2`HB2b pM K2Mb2HBDF?2B/X AM pQQ`;M/2 Bb M /2 Q`/2 ;2FQK2M
/i `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 QT /2x2 T`Q#H2KiB2F xB+? Hi bK2Mpii2M Hb ?2i +`2ď`2M
pM 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/ 2M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 Hb Qb2 BM 22M rQ2biBDMX
AF xB2 pQQ` ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b 22M #2HM;`BDF2 iF r2;;2H2;/ BM ?2i +`2ď`2M 2M
#2b+?2`K2M pM 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2c 22M `mBKi2 r` K2Mb2M xB+? M 2HF`
FmMM2M Hi2M xB2M 2M ?Q`2M 2M r` x2 ;2xB2M 2M ;2?QQ`/ rQ`/2MX >Q2 FmMM2M r2
xQ`;2M pQQ` 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/- r`BM ?2i KQ;2HBDF Bb 22M THib i2
pBM/2M QK i2 rQ`i2H2M\ >Q2 FM 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 +QM+`22i ;2biHi2 F`BD;2M
BM /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b\ `2M/i #B2/i 2MF2H2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi2M
pQQ` ?2i +`2ď`2M pM 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 2M rBDbi QT 22M MiH +iBpBi2Bi2MT`FiBDF2M 2M +QM/BiB2b /B2 pQ`K FmMM2M ;2p2M M QMx2 `2HiB2 iQi /2 r2`2H/X
o`BD2 `mBKi2
>2i 22`bi2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi Bb /i 2` 22M p`BD2 `mBKi2 KQ2i xBDM QK xB+? Hb rB2 i2
FmMM2M Hi2M xB2MX oQQ` /2 iQibiM/FQKBM; pM 22M p`BD2 `mBKi2 xBDM BM ?2i /2M@
F2M pM `2M/i 22M MiH #2HM;`BDF2 bT2+i2M i2 pBM/2MX >2i 22`bi2 bT2+i Bb /i
K2Mb2M BM 22M p`BD2 `mBKi2 xQp22H KQ;2HBDF Hb ;2HBDF2M Mr2xB; xBDM 2M 2HF` Hb
;2HBDF2M #2?M/2H2MX M/2`b ;2x2;/- BM 22M p`BD2 `mBKi2 Bb xQ KBM KQ;2HBDF bT`F2
pM 22M ?Bď``+?Bb+?2 bi`m+imm`X .Bi #2i2F2Mi /i /2 T`Q72bbBQM2H2 ǵQM;2HBDF?2B/Ƕ/B2 QMp2`KBD/2HBDF #2bii BM 22M #2;2H2B/BM;b+QMi+i- 2`F2M/ 2M xQp22H KQ;2HBDF
;2KBMBKHBb22`/ rQ`/iX .2x2 ;2HBDFr`/B;?2B/ Bb pM #2HM; xQ/i K2Mb2M 2HF`
MB2i Hb ǵriǶ xB2M 2M #2M/2`2M- MB2i Hb TiBďMi Hb /`;2` pM 22M MiH bvKTiQ@
K2M 2M MB2i Hb T`Q72bbBQMH K2i 22M MiH F2MK2`F2M- K` Hb K2MbX >B2`K22
bK2M?M;2M/ Bb BM?2`2Mi M 22M p`BD2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2- /i 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2@
;2H2B/2` QQF x2H7 Hb K2Mb p2`b+?BDMi UpQQ` xQp2` /Bi Tbb2M/ Bb BM ?2i F/2` pM /2
#2;2H2B/BM;VX
93
9XkX .2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2, `mBKi2 KF2M pQQ` x2H7QMi?mHHBM;
>2i ir22/2 bT2+i #2i`27i /2 #2HM;2HQQb?2B/ /B2 #BMM2M /2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2
Mr2xB; /B2Mi i2 xBDMX >2i Bb pM #2HM; /i 2` ;22M #2HM;2M 2M /Q2H2M ;2/B2M/
rQ`/2M #mBi2M ?2i p2`b+?BDM2M BM /2 p`BD2 `mBKi2 x2H7X >2i p2`b+?BDM2M x2H7 Bb ?2i
/Q2HX .2 #2HM;2HQQb?2B/ rQ`/i /QQ` HH2 Mr2xB;2M ;2/22H/X .Bi ;2H/i /mb QQF
pQQ` /2 T`Q72bbBQM2H2 #2;2H2B/2`- BM /Bi ;2pH /2 ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`X qMM22` 2`
T`Q/m+iB2@ 2M 2{+BďMiB2/Q2H2M M /2 T`Q72bbBQMH ;2bi2H/ rQ`/2M- Bb /2 T`Q72bbBQMH
72Bi2HBDF MB2i BM bii QK 22M p`BD2 `mBKi2 i2 +`2ď`2MX >Q2 K22` ?2i p2`b+?BDM2M BM
22M `mBKi2 #2TH/ rQ`/i /QQ` 2+QMQKBb+?@Kib+?TT2HBDF2 2Bb2M- ?Q2 KBM/2`
THib 2` Bb QK Hb K2Mb i2 p2`b+?BDM2MX >2i ;i 2` QT /2x2 THib MB2i QK /2
T`Q72bbBQMHBi2Bi pM ?mHTp2`H2M2`b BM #`2/2 xBM Qp2`#QQ`/ i2 ;QQB2M- K` QK /2
/QKBMMiB2 pM MB2i M /2 T`Q72bbB2 ;2#QM/2M 2Bb2M- xQHb T`Q/m+iB2@- 2+QMQKBb+?2@
2M 2{+BďMiB2@2Bb2M- i2 KBMBKHBb2`2MX
12M /2`/2 bT2+i Bb /i 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 Mbi p`BD- QQF p2BHB; /B2Mi i2
xBDMX >2i KQ2i p2BHB; xBDM QK i2 xQ2F2M 2M QM/2`xQ2F2M 2M D2x2H7 Hb rB2 i2 iQM2MX
PM/2` p2BHB;?2B/ p2`bi BF BM /Bi p2`#M/ /i /2 ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` 22M FHBKi
+`2ď2`i r`BM B2/2` 2`pM QT M FM /i ?2i;22M QMi?mH/ rQ`/i MB2i xQM/2` BM@
bi2KKBM; pM /2 +HBďMi #mBi2M /2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 ;2#`mBFi rQ`/iX o2BHB;?2B/
/`Bi #BMM2M /2 +QMi2ti pM 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 /mb QK p2`i`Qmr2HBDF?2B/ 2M
#2i`Qmr#`?2B/- K` QQF QK ;2?2BK?Qm/BM;X `2M/i rBDbi QT ?2i p2`KQ;2M pM
/2 K2Mb QK #2HQ7i2M i2 /Q2M- r`/QQ` #2i`Qmr#`?2B/ ;2;`M/22`/ FM rQ`@
/2MX .`Mbi rBDbi xBD QT ?2i p2`KQ;2M i2 p2`;2p2M- xQ/i /2 `mBKi2 ;2+`2ď2`/
rQ`/i 22M MB2mr #2;BM i2 KF2MX >2i p2`KQ;2M #2HQ7i2M i2 /Q2M 2M ?2i p2`KQ;2M
i2 p2`;2p2M /`;2M #BD M p2BHB;?2B/ 2M bi#BHBi2Bi BM K2Mb2HBDF2 `2HiB2b 2M ;2p2M
/mm`xK?2B/ M /2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2X >B2`K22 bK2M?M;2M/ Bb ?2i pM #2@
HM; /i 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` 2`pQQ` xQ`;i /i mBiBM;2M pM /2 M/2` `2bT2+ipQH
#2D2;2M/ rQ`/2M 2M /i QQ`/2H2M QT;2b+?Q`i rQ`/2MX AM /2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 Bb
22M ;Q2/ Q7 7Qmi QQ`/22H MB2i pM #2HM;X SHm`HBi2Bi BM /2 xBM pM K22`pQm/B;?2B/
rQ`/i QK`K/X
Mr2xB;?2B/ pM M/2`2M
>2i ir22/2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi r` `2M/i QT rBDbi Bb ?2i #2HM; pM /2 bK2M@
FQKbi- Mr2xB;?2B/ pM 2M QMiKQ2iBM; K2i M/2`2M /B2 22Mx2H7/2 iH bT`2F2MX
o2`b+?BDM2M FM MB2i xQM/2` /2 Mr2xB;?2B/ pM M/2`2MX C2 FmMi MB2i p2`b+?BD@
M2M xQM/2` /i 2` B2KM/ Bb /B2 DQmr p2`b+?BDMBM; xB2i 2M r`M22Ki- 2`F2Mi 2M
?2`F2MiX .Bi FM 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` xBDM Q7 M/2`2 K2Mb2M /B2 xB+? Hi2M
xB2MX PK Hb K2Mb i2 xBDM- xBDM M/2`2 K2Mb2M MQ/B; /B2 DQm ǵHb K2MbǶ r`M2K2M
2M #2p2biB;2MX wB+?x2H7 Hi2M xB2M #2i2F2Mi BM /2x2 xBM xB+?x2H7 BM /2 r2`F2HBDF?2B/
THib2M- Q7r2H 22M THib BMM2K2M BM /2 r2`F2HBDF?2B/X C2 p2`b+?BDMi QT 22M TH2F
r` M/2`2 K2Mb2M bK2MFQK2M 2M bK2MxBDM QK M/2`2M i2 xB2MX 12M pM /2
F2MK2`F2M pM /2 `2HiB2b imbb2M K2Mb2M Bb /i x2 QMpQQ`bT2H#` 2M QM#2`2F2M@
9N
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12M `2M/iBMb T2`bT2+iB27 QT ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;
#` xBDM, rMM22` BF B2ib /Q2 r22i BF MQQBi x2F2` ?Q2 /2 M/2` xH `2;2`2MX PK
bK2M H ?M/2H2M/ M 22M r2`2H/ i2 #Qmr2M Bb ?2i MQ/B; QK /BM;2M K2i 2HF`
7 i2 bT`2F2MX .QQ` M 2HF` Qp2` 2M r22` #2HQ7i2b i2 /Q2M- xQ`;2M r2 pQQ` 22M
bi#B2H2 2M p2BHB;2 ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/X
.2 Mr2xB;?2B/ pM M/2`2 K2Mb2M #B2/i /2 KQ;2HBDF?2B/ QK p2`b+?BHH2M/2
T2`bT2+iB2p2M M /2 Q`/2 i2 Hi2M FQK2MX >Q2 K22` p2`b+?BHH2M/2 T2`bT2+iB2p2M
M /2 Q`/2 FmMM2M FQK2M- ?Q2 K22` /mB/2HBDF rQ`/i /i 2` MB2i ûûM #bQHmi2
r`?2B/ Bb- K` /i /2 r2`F2HBDF?2B/ HiBD/ p2`b+?BHH2M/ ;2xB2M 2M 2`p`2M rQ`/iX
>B2`/QQ` QMibii K2i M/2`2 rQQ`/2M THm`HBi2BiX `2M/i rBDbi BM /Bi p2`#M/
QT 22M bT2+B}2F bQQ`i xBMimB;, +QKKQM b2Mb2X J2i /Bi xBMimB; xBDM rBD BM bii
Qp2` QMb 2B;2M bm#D2+iB2p2 QQ`/22H ?22M i2 biTT2M 2M `mBKi2 i2 +`2ď`2M pQQ` K22`
T2`bT2+iB2p2M- BM ?2i #BDxQM/2` pQQ` 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF T2`bT2+iB27X `2M/i
#2/Q2Hi K2i +QKKQM b2Mb2 ?2i ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 xBMimB; pM ?2i QQ`/2H2M Uǵ;2@
xQM/ p2`biM/ǶVX9 *QKKQM b2Mb2 Bb ?2i p2`KQ;2M QK ?2i 2B;2M biM/TmMi HQb i2
Hi2M- Qp2` ?2i 2B;2M biM/TmMi ?22M i2 biTT2M 2M `mBKi2 i2 +`2ď`2M pQQ` M/2`2
;2xB+?ibTmMi2MX .QQ` /2 +QKKQM b2Mb2 xBDM K2Mb2M BM bii 2HF`b T2`bT2+iB27 i2
#2;`BDT2M 2M 2` 22M r`/2 2M #2i2F2MBb M iQ2 i2 F2MM2MX HH22M rMM22` 2` p2`@
b+?BHH2M imbb2M K2Mb2M Mr2xB; KQ;2M 2M FmMM2M xBDM- QMibii 2` 22M K2Mb2HBDF2
imbb2M`mBKi2X .QQ` +QKKQM b2Mb2 #Qmr2M r2 FQ`iQK 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2
r2`2H/X .`Mbi FM /QQ` i2 bT`2F2M 2M ?M/2H2M- /QQ` D2x2H7 i2 Hi2M xB2M 2M
;2xB2M i2 rQ`/2M- r2/2`xBD/b2 ?2`F2MMBM; 2M 2`F2MMBM; QMibiM pM ǵrB2Ƕ B2KM/
BbX J2i `2M/i bi2H BF /i 22M `mBKi2 +`2ď`2M r` K2Mb2M ǵxB2MǶ 2M ǵ;2xB2M rQ`@
/2MǶ 2M ǵ?Q`2MǶ 2M ǵ;2?QQ`/ rQ`/2MǶ pM x22` ;`QQi #2HM; xBDM BM /2 #2;2H2B/BM;
pM K2Mb2M /B2 ;22M TH2F FmMM2M pBM/2MX wB2M 2M ?Q`2M ;M /M MB2i bBKT2Hr2;
Qp2` FBDF2M Q7 r`M2K2M- K` #2i`27i ?2i #B2/2M pM 2`F2MMBM; BM 2M /QQ` 22M
;2bT`2FX wB2M- MB2i ri ?BD Q7 xBD /Q2i- K` rB2 ?BD Q7 xBD BbX
.2 /BHQQ;
>2i /2`/2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi /i pQH;i mBi `2M/ib ;2/+?i2;Q2/ ?M;i Mmr bK2M
K2i ?2i pQ`B;2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi- MK2HBDF /i /2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 Tb QMibii
rMM22` K2Mb2M K2i 2HF` bT`2F2MX .2 K22bi +iB2p2 KMB2` r`QT 22M K2Mb
xB+?x2H7 Hb ǵrB2Ƕ FM iQM2M 2M r`BM B2KM/ Hb K2Mb #2p2biB;/ FM rQ`/2M Bb
pQH;2Mb `2M/i /QQ` KB//2H pM ?2i bT`2F2MX 1` FM K2i M/2`2 rQQ`/2M HH22M
/M pM 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 ;2bT`QF2M rQ`/2M- rMM22` 22M ;2bT`2F ;2pQ2`/
rQ`/iX `2M/i bi2Hi MB2i pQQ` MB2ib /i /2 imbb2Mr2`2H/ 72Bi2HBDF Tb QMibii Hb xBD
/QQ` K2Mb2M iQi QM/2`r2`T pM ;2bT`2F rQ`/i ;2KFiX oM/` /i `2M/i /2
r2`2H/ QQF Hb 22M BMi2` ?QKBM2b 2bb2 QKb+?`227X8 .2 r2`2H/ HB;i ǵimbb2M K2Mb2MǶ
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iB2 pM /2 MiHBi2BiXRy 1HF2 F22` rMM22` r2 22M MB2mr #2;BM KF2M BM /2 r2`2H/rQ`/2M r2 QTMB2mr ;2#Q`2MX J2i rQQ`/ 2M // i`2/2M rBD /2 r2`2H/ #BMM2M 2M
/Bi #BMM2Mi`2/2M Bb Hb 22M ir22/2 ;2#QQ`i2X .2x2 ǵir22/2 ;2#QQ`i2Ƕ ?Qm/i Hb ?2i
;Q2/ Bb MQQBi QT- K` ?2`?Hi xB+? ;2/m`2M/2 ?2i H2p2MX :2bi2H/ FM rQ`/2M
/i rMM22` B2KM/ Hb ǵrB2Ƕ M 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` p2`b+?BDMi- 72Bi2HBDF H
Qp2` 22M ir22/2 ;2#QQ`i2 ;2bT`QF2M FM rQ`/2MX oQQ` p22H K2Mb2M Bb /2x2 ir22/2
;2#QQ`i2 2+?i2`- r`BM D2 M /2 r2`2H/ Hi xB2M rB2 D2 #2Mi- #2H/2M K2i TBDM
Uǵ;2#QQ`i2TBDMǶVX PK /2x2 `2/2M x2;;2M K2Mb2M ǵM22Ƕ i2;2M ?2i QTMB2mr p2`b+?BD@
M2MX wBD i`2FF2M xB+? i2`m;- bHmBi2M xB+? QT BM xB+?x2H7 2M #Qmr2M 22M Kmm` QK
xB+? ?22MX >B2`/QQ` Bb ?2i +QMi+i K2i M/2`2M p2`#`QF2MX `2M/i MQ2Ki /Bi ǵBM@
M2`HBDF2 2KB;`iB2Ƕ UǵBMM2` 2KB;`iBQMǶV U`2M/i- RNe3- TX RNVX wBD /Q2Hi ?B2`K22 QT
?2i xB+? BM ?2i 2B;2M BMM2`HBDF i2`m;i`2FF2M- BM /2 QMxB+?i#`?2B/ pM ?2i /2MF2M
2M pQ2H2MX M/2`b ;2x2;/- BMM2`HBDF2 2KB;`iB2 Bb ?2i BM`mBH2M pM /2 r2`2H/ 2M /2
Tm#HB2F2 `mBKi2 pQQ` 22M BMM2`HBDF H2p2MX J2Mb2M p2`HB2x2M ?B2`K22 ?2i p2`KQ;2M
QK +QMi+i i2 KF2M 2M FmMM2M MB2i K22` mBi/`mFF2M ri 2` BM ?2M QK;iX J2M@
b2M /B2 BM ?mM H2p2M pbiHQT2M 2M ;22M TH2F FmMM2M pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/- p2`HB2x2M
?2i p2`i`Qmr2M BM ?mM 2B;2M p2`KQ;2M 22M MB2mr #2;BM i2 KF2MX >Q2 p2`?Qm/i
?2i T`BM+BT2 pM MiHBi2Bi xB+? i2M QTxB+?i2 pM 22M K2Mb2MH2p2M r`BM bT`F2
Bb pM QMirQ`i2HBM; 2M ;22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/\ AF xB2 pQQ` ;22bi2HBDF #2;2@
H2B/2`b 22M #2HM;`BDF2 iF r2;;2H2;/ QK #BD pbi;2HQT2M K2Mb2M ?2i p2`i`Qmr2M
i2 ?2`bi2HH2M BM /2 KQ;2HBDF?2B/ pM 22M MB2mr #2;BMX 12M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`
FM K2Mb2M #2;2H2B/2M QT /2 r2; /B2 x2 ~2;;2M M` ?mM ǵir22/2 ;2#QQ`i2bǶX .2
`QH /B2 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` #BMM2M /2x2 +QMi2ti ?227i- p2`?2H/2` BF BM /2x2
T`;`7 M /2 ?M/ pM /2 K2i7QQ` pM /2 p`Q2/p`QmrX M /2 ?M/ pM /2x2
K2i7QQ` xBDM 22M ir22iH MFMQTBM;bTmMi2M M i2 rBDx2M Qp2` /2 `QH 2M iF pM
22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` #BD /2 #2;2H2B/BM; pM B2KM/ /B2 ;22M TH2F FM pBM/2MX
"B2/2M pM QM/2`bi2mMBM; 2M ?2`bi2HH2M pM ?2i
p2`i`Qmr2M BM 22M MB2mr #2;BM
>2i 22`bi2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi #2i`27i ?2i #B2/2M pM QM/2`bi2mMBM; 2M ?2i ?2`bi2HH2M
pM p2`i`Qmr2M BM 22M MB2mr #2;BMX >B2`#BD r2`Fi /2 ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` Hb 22M
bQQ`i p`Q2/p`QmrX 12M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` Hb p`Q2/p`Qmr bii ǵ/2 #2pHH2M/2Ƕ
#BD BM ?2i BM rQQ`/ 2M // i2` r2`2H/ #`2M;2M pM rB2 B2KM/ BbX .2 QM/2`bi2m@
MBM; 2M #2;2H2B/BM; Bb ;2;`QM/ BM ?2i #2;BMb2H pM /2 MiHBi2BiX J2i /Bi #2;BMb2H
rQ`/i /2 ?QQT 2M ?2i p2`i`Qmr2M mBi;2/`mFi /i 22M MB2mr #2;BM KQ;2HBDF BbX 12M
;2#QQ`i2 Bb 22M MB2mr H2p2M 2M #2i2F2Mi QQF /2 ?QQT QT 22M MB2mr H2p2M Uǵ?QQT
/Q2i H2p2MǶVX :2#QQ`i2 #2i2F2Mi M/2`b ;2x2;/ ?2i p2`i`Qmr2M /i 2` HiBD/ 22M
Ry
wB2 T`;`7 jXjX
88
9X
12M `2M/iBMb T2`bT2+iB27 QT ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;
TQbBiB2p2 r2M/BM; FM FQK2M 2M /i B2/2` K2Mb /QQ` xBDM Q7 ?` 2B;2M ;2#QQ`i2
?2i p2`KQ;2M K22F`BD;i QK x2H7 22M MB2mr #2;BM i2 FmMM2M KF2MX PM;2irBD72H/
b+?mBHi 2` BM /2x2 ?QQT QK /2 ;2#QQ`i2 K2i 22M MB2mr #2;BM i2 p2`#BM/2M- QQF B2ib
#2/`B2;HBDFbX LB2i x2H/2M #2pBM/2M K2Mb2M xB+? BM ;2;2p2M QKbiM/B;?2/2M- /B2
mBixB+?iHQQb Q7 MB2i ;2KFF2HBDF i2 p2`M/2`2M xBDM 2M r`M xBD xB+? KQ2i2M M@
Tbb2MX >2i #2M/`mFF2M 2M QK`K2M pM ?2i #2;BMb2H pM MiHBi2Bi ?227i 2+?i2`
Hb /Q2H /i K2M xB+? BM T`BM+BT2 MB2i ?Q27i i2 pQ2;2M M` /2 bH2+?i2 r2`F2HBDF?2B/X
J2M K; 2`QT ?QT2M 2M p2`i`Qmr2M /i K2Mb2M QTMB2mr FmMM2M #2;BMM2MX L`
KBDM K2MBM; Bb ?2i pM #2HM; /i 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` mBi/`;i /i 22M K2Mb
HiBD/ 22M MB2mr #2;BM FM KF2MX .2x2 7Q+mb 2M QM/2`HB;;2M/2 pBbB2 pM /2 ;22bi2@
HBDF #2;2H2B/2` Hb p`Q2/p`Qmr FM 22M #BD/`;2 H2p2`2M M ?2i ?2`bi2HH2M pM ?2i
p2`i`Qmr2M BM 22M MB2mr #2;BMX >2i KF2M pM 22M MB2mr #2;BM BM /2 r2`2H/ Bb
KQ;2HBDF /QQ` i2 bT`2F2M 2M ?M/2H2M, /QQ` KB//2H pM iH- rQQ`/2M- ?2i /2MF2M
2M p2`#22H/BM;- #22H/2M Q7 FHMF2MX 1HF2 F22` Hb r2 22M MB2mr #2;BM KF2M- 22M
BMBiBiB27 M2K2M Q7 B2ib MB2mrb BM #2r2;BM; x2ii2M- Hi2M r2 M /2 r2`2H/ xB2M rB2
r2 xBDMX "BD 22M Mimm`HBDF p2`HQT2M/ T`Q+2b- xQHb 22M #2pHHBM;- #2bii /2 pQQ`@
MKbi2 iF pM /2 p`Q2/p`Qmr BM ?2i Mr2xB; xBDM #BD 22M xB+?x2H7 pQHi`2FF2M/
T`Q+2bX .2 ǵ#2pHH2M/2 p`QmrǶ bii BM /2 7Q+mb- MB2i /2 p`Q2/p`QmrX "Qp2M/B2M
;`BDTi /2 p`Q2/p`Qmr Tb BM rMM22` ?2i T`Q+2b bi;M22`iX Hb ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B@
/2` ?2# D2 K2i M/2`2 rQQ`/2M 22M /B2M2M/2 7mM+iB2 BM ?2i T`Q+2b /i /2 M/2`
/QQ`KFiX
:2#QQ`i2`Bim2H2M
Hb ir22/2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi xB2 BF ?2i ;2#`mBF KF2M pM `Bim2H2M QK mBi/`mFFBM;
i2 ;2p2M M ?2i T`BM+BT2 pM MiHBi2BiX _Bim2H2M xBDM 22M pQ`K pM bvK#QHBb+?
?M/2H2M- 22M KMB2` r`QT /2 K2Mb +iB27 #2i2F2MBb ;227i M xBDM r2`2H/X M@
#22F bi2Hi /i `Bim2H2M 22M #2HM;`BDF p2`#BM/2M/ bT2+i xBDM pM ;2K22Mb+?TT2MX
wBD ?Mi22`i /2 /2}MBiB2 pM SmH SQbi /B2 `Bim2H2M QKb+?`BD7i Hb dz?M/2HBM;2M pM
#2i2F2MBb /B2 #2TH/2 #BDxQM/2`2 ;2#2m`i2MBbb2M 2M KQK2Mi2M K`F2`2MǴ UM#22F
.2 CQM;- kyRj- TTX kyj@ky9VX 12M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` FM #BD /2 #2;2H2B/BM;
M` 22M MB2mr #2;BM ;2#`mBFKF2M pM `Bim2H2M- MB2i HH22M QK 22M MB2mr #2;BM
i2 K`F2`2M- K` QQF QK /2x2 KQ;2HBDF i2 KF2MX _Bim2H2M ?2##2M 22M ir22pQm@
/B;2 #2i2F2MBbX 1M2`xBD/b /B2 pM ?2i K`F2`2M pM #BDxQM/2`2 ;2#2m`i2MBbb2M 2M
KQK2Mi2M 2M mBi/`mFFBM; ;2p2M M B/22ďM- B/2H2M 2M B/2MiBi2BiX M/2`xBD/b ?2#@
#2M `Bim2H2M /2 #2i2F2MBb pM ?2i dzpQ`K2M- pQ2/2M 2M i`Mb7Q`K2`2M (Ę) (pM) QMx2
B/22ďM- K2MiHBi2Bi 2M B/2MiBi2BiX _Bim2H2M pQ`K2M- p2`#BM/2M 2M i`Mb7Q`K2`2M rB2
D2 Hb BM/BpB/m 2M Hb ;`Q2T Q7 ;2K22Mb+?T #2MiXǴ USQbi BM M#22F .2 CQM;kyRj- TX ky8VX >2i `Bim22H p2`rBDbi M` /2 K2Mb2HBDF2 +iBpBi2Bi pM ?2i ?M/2H2MK` /QQ` ?2i bvK#QHBb+?2 F`Fi2` QQF M` p2`#22H/BM;X .2 bvK#QHBb+?2 /BK2M@
bB2 pM /2 ?M/2HBM;2M /B2 ;27Q`KHBb22`/ 2M ;2biBH22`/ rQ`/2M BM 22M `Bim22H- 2M
8e
9X9X KQ` KmM/B, HB27/2 2M xQ`; pQQ` /2 r2`2H/
;2bBim22`/ xBDM BM iBD/ 2M TH2F- KF2M `Bim2H2M iQi 22M F`+?iB; KB//2H pQQ` 22M ;22b@
i2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` QK B2KM/ i2 #2;2H2B/2M M` 22M MB2mr #2;BMX PT bvK#QHBb+?2
rBDx2 FM BM `Bim2H2M mBi/`mFFBM; ;2;2p2M rQ`/2M M ?Q2 22M K2Mb xB+? iQi ?2i
MB2mr2 #2;BM- xBDM #2biM 2M /2 r2`2H/ p2`?Qm/iX AM 22M `Bim22H FM biBH;2biM
rQ`/2M #BD ?2i 2B;2M H2p2Mbp2`?H 2M /2 /B2T2`2 #2i2F2MBb pM 22M MB2mr #2;BMX
12M `Bim22H Qp2`biBD;i /2 `iBQM2H2 2M BM/BpB/m2H2 /BK2MbB2X JQQ`2M 2M CMbb2Mb
b+?`BDp2M ?B2`Qp2`, dz/i Bb T`2+B2b r`QK r2 QMb ;2#Q`;2M FmMM2M r2i2M BM 22M
bK2MFQKbi r` ?2i QMx2;#`2- ?2i Fr2ib#`2- ?2i 2KQiBQM2H2 `mBKi2 F`BD;i BM
?2i `Bim2H2Ǵ UkyRR- TX RedVX .2 `Bim2H2 ?M/2HBM; Hi xB+? HH22M mBi/`mFF2M BM
bvK#QH2M 2M #22H/iHX qMM22` 22M MB2mr #2;BM THibpBM/i- FM 2` /QQ` KB//2H
pM 22M `Bim22H `mBKi2 ;2KFi rQ`/2M pQQ` rQQ`/2M- TQďxB2- KmxB2F- biBHi2 2M
;2#`2MX JQQ`2M 2M CMbb2Mb rBDx2M 2`QT /i,
dz.QQ` pB `Bim2H2 ?M/2HBM;2M i2 /2H2M K2i M/2`2M rQ`/i /2 2`p`BM;
p2`/B2Ti 2M /2 +QM+2Mi`iB2 p2`?QQ;/X .Bi HH2b /`;i 2`iQ2 #BD /i
2` KQK2Mi2M xBDM r`QT /2 pQHH2 #2i2F2MBb pM 22M #2HM;`BDF2 ;2@
#2m`i2MBb Q7 pM QMb 2B;2M #2biM Hb ;2?22H i2 KB//2M pM M/2`2M
2M BM 22M QKpii2M/2 r2`2H/ 2M FQbKQb i2M pQHH2 iQi QMb /QQ` FM
/`BM;2MXǴUJQQ`2M- kyRR- TX RedV
_Bim2H2M #B2/2M `mBKi2 M ?2i ;2xK2MHBDF p2`?H /i p2`i2H/ 2M #2H227/ FM
rQ`/2M 2M #B2/2M /2 K2Mb /2 KQ;2HBDF?2B/ xBDM U;2pQM/2MV TH2F BM /2 r2`2H/ iQi
mBi/`mFFBM; i2 #`2M;2MX PT /2x2 TH2F rBH BF /`QK ?2i #2HM; #2M/`mFF2M pM
?2i ;2#`mBF2M pM ǵ;2#QQ`i2`Bim2H2MǶ, `Bim2H2M /B2 ?Q`2M #BD /2 ir22/2 ;2#QQ`i2
2M /2 K2Mb /2 KQ;2HBDF?2B/ #B2/2M #2i2F2MBb i2 ;2p2M M ?2i MB2mr i2 KF2M Q7
;2KFi2 #2;BMX
hr22 MFMQTBM;bTmMi2M xBDM ;2MQ2K/ pQQ` ?2i #2;2H2B/2M M` 22M MB2mr #2;BMX
>2i 22`bi2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi Bb ?2i #B2/2M pM QM/2`bi2mMBM; 2M ?2`bi2HH2M pM
p2`i`Qmr2M BM 22M MB2mr #2;BMX >B2`#BD Bb ;2r2x2M QT ?2i #2HM; /i 22M ;22bi2HBDF
#2;2H2B/2` ?2i #2;BMb2H pM MiHBi2Bi QK`KiX >2i ir22/2 MFMQTBM;bTmMi #2i`27i
?2i ;2#`mBF KF2M pM `Bim2H2M QK mBi/`mFFBM; i2 ;2p2M M ?2i T`BM+BT2 pM
MiHBi2Bi 2M ?2i K`F2`2M pM 22M MB2mr #2;BMX .2x2 ir22 MFMQTBM;bTmMi2M
FmMM2M 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` QM/2`bi2mM2M BM ?2i #2;2H2B/2M pM B2KM/ M`
22M MB2mr #2;BMX
9X9
KQ` KmM/B, HB27/2 2M xQ`; pQQ` /2 r2`2H/
AM ?2i pQQ`;M/2 Bb ;2r2x2M QT 22M ir22iH MQiB2b BM ?2i /2MF2M pM `2M/i /B2
`2H2pMi xBDM pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;- MK2HBDF i2M 22`bi2 ?2i
KF2M pM `mBKi2 pQQ` x2H7QMi?mHHBM; r`BM B2KM/ xB+? Hb ǵrB2Ƕ FM Hi2M xB2M
8d
9X
12M `2M/iBMb T2`bT2+iB27 QT ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;
2M i2M ir22/2 ?2i #2;2H2B/2M M` 22M MB2mr #2;BMX AM /2x2 T`;`7 ; BF BM
QT /2 /2`/2 MQiB2- MK2HBDF KQ` KmM/B- Q7i2r2H HB27/2 Q7 xQ`; pQQ` /2 r2`2H/X
J2i ?2i #2;`BT KQ` KmM/B /Q2Hi `2M/i QT /2 HB27/2 2M xQ`; pQQ` /2 r2`2H/- /B2
xB+? mBi BM 22M #2i`QFF2M?2B/ QT 2M p2`MirQQ`/2HBDF?2B/ pQQ` /2 r2`2H/X >`
#2;`BT KQ` KmM/B KQ2i BM Mmr2 bK2M?M; ;2xB2M rQ`/2M K2i ?` QTpiiBM;
pM /2 r2`2H/ Hb imbb2Mr2`2H/- K2i M/2`2 rQQ`/2M- Hb bvK#QHBb+?2 r2`2H/ pM
K2Mb2HBDF2 `2HiB2bX .QQ` iQ2M2K2M/2 r2`2H/p2`p`22K/BM;- /2 ?B2`K22 bK2M?M@
;2M/2 /QKBMMiB2 pM /2 FTBiHBbiBb+?2 +QMbmKTiB2@2+QMQKB2 2M /2 QT r2i2Mb+?T
2M i2+?MB2F bi2mM2M/2 KF#`?2B/bB/2QHQ;B2- FQKi /2x2 imbb2Mr2`2H/ BM ?2i ;2@
/`M;X J2i KQ` KmM/B /Q2i `2M/i 22M QT`Q2T iQi MB2mr2 #2i`QFF2M?2B/ 2M xQ`;
pQQ` /2 ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/ pM K2Mb2HBDF2 `2HiB2bX KQ` KmM/B FQKi iQi
mBiBM; BM p2`b+?BHH2M/2 K2Mb2HBDF2 +iBpBi2Bi2M- xQHb bT`2F2M 2M ?M/2H2M- #2;`BD@
T2M- p2`?H2M p2`i2HH2M 2M ?2i mBirBbb2H2M pM 2`p`BM;2MX .`Mbi FQKi KQ`
KmM/B iQi mBiBM; BM T`FiBDF2M 2M p2`b+?BDMb2H2M Hb +QKKQM b2Mb2- bK2M ?M/2@
H2M 2M ?2i /Q2M pM r2/2`xBD/b2 #2HQ7i2MX .2 +iBpBi2Bi2M 2M T`FiBDF2M pM KQ`
KmM/B pQ`K2M /2 pQQ`r`/2M pQQ` ?2i QMibiM pM 22M /mm`xK2- #2i2F2MBb@
pQHH2- ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 2M Tm#HB2F2 r2`2H/X HH22M BM 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2
r2`2H/ FmMM2M r2 22M TH2F pBM/2M r` r2 Hb ǵrB2Ƕ FmMM2M p2`b+?BDM2MX AF r2`F
?B2`QM/2` 22M ir22iH MFMQTBM;bTmMi2M mBi r`BM KQ` KmM/B pQ`K FM F`BD;2M
BM /2 T`FiBDF- pBbB2 2M iiBim/2 pM 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`X
AMM2K2M pM 22M UKib+?TTBD@V F`BiBb+?2 2M
;2ďM;;22`/2 ?Qm/BM;
KQ` KmM/B F`BD;i i2M 22`bi2 pQ`K BM /2 iiBim/2 pM 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`MK2HBDF /QQ` ?2i BMM2K2M pM 22M UKib+?TTBD@V F`BiBb+?2 2M ;2ďM;;22`/2
?Qm/BM;X "BD 22M F`BiBb+?2 2M ;2ďM;;22`/2 ?Qm/BM; ;i ?2i QK ?2i /QQ`xB2M pM
/QKBMMi2 bi`m+im`2M- xQHb #BDpQQ`#22H/ KQK2Mi22H /2 /QKBMMiB2 pM ?2i 2+Q@
MQKBb+?2 2M M2QHB#2`H2 /2MF2MXRR .`Mbi ;i ?2i Qp2` ?2i QM/2` /2 M/+?i
#`2M;2M pM /2 M2;iB2p2 ;2pQH;2M pM /2x2 bi`m+im`2M pQQ` mBipHH2`b 2M ;2K`@
;BMHBb22`/2MX 12M F`BiBb+?2 ?Qm/BM; #2;BMi #BD p2`rQM/2`BM; 2M `2~2+iB2X "BD 22M
F`BiBb+?2 ?Qm/BM; ?QQ`i ?2i MB2i pMx2H7bT`2F2M/ pQQ` r` MM2K2M pM #2r2@
`BM;2M 2M K2MBM;2M 2M /2x2 x2H7 QT ?2i r`?2B/b;2?Hi2 QM/2`xQ2F2MX oMx2H7@
bT`2F2M/?2/2M Hi2M ;22M `mBKi2 pQQ` F`BiBb+?2 p`;2M 2M `2~2+iB2X o2`rQM/2`BM;
Bb MQ/B; QK p`;2M QT i2 r2FF2M 2M pMx2H7bT`2F2M/?2/2M i2 /QQ`#`2F2MX "BD 22M
F`BiBb+?2 ?Qm/BM; ;i ?2i 2` MB2i QK M2;iB27 i2 xBDM Qp2` B2ib- K` QK 22M ;2@
#2m`i2MBb Q7 2`p`BM; i2 QM/2`xQ2F2M 2M i2 iQ2ib2MX 12M F`BiBb+?2 ?Qm/BM; KFi
?2i KQ;2HBDF #2biM/2 xF2M pM 22M M/2`2 FMi i2 #2xB2M- pMmBi /2 ?Qm/BM;
pM 22M #2i`QFF2M M/2` U:`bi2- kyyyVX
RR
83
wB2 T`;`7 RXRX
9X9X KQ` KmM/B, HB27/2 2M xQ`; pQQ` /2 r2`2H/
.2MF2M/ pMmBi `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 Bb /2 iF pM 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`
KBDMb BMxB2Mb MB2i HH22M QK K2Mb2M /B2 ;22M TH2F FmMM2M pBM/2M i2 #2;2H2B/2MK` QQF QK /2 Kib+?TT2HBDF2 QQ`xF2M ?B2`pM M /2 Q`/2 i2 bi2HH2MX 12M
;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` ?227i K2i M/2`2 rQQ`/2M Mbi xBM;2pBM;- QQF ?mKMBb2`BM;
Hb M/+?ib;2#B2/XRk oMmBi 22M `2M/iBMb2 pBbB2 QT ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;
TH2Bi BF pQQ` ?2i K22` 2tTHB+B2i BMM2K2M pM 22M F`BiBb+?2 2M ;2ďM;;22`/2 ?Qm@
/BM; M` +im2H2 i?2KǶb 2M QMirBFF2HBM;2M /B2 #2i`2FFBM; ?2##2M QT ri `2M/i
M/mB/i Hb /2 p2`rQ2biBDMBM; pM /2 r2`2H/X .2 F`BiBb+?2 2M #2i`QFF2M ?Qm/BM; Bb
+`m+BH QK BM bii i2 xBDM #2TH/2 Kib+?TT2HBDF #2HM;`BDF ;2+?i2 r`/2M
i2` /Bb+mbbB2 i2 bi2HH2MX 12M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` Bb #BD mBibi2F BM bii QK bi2K
i2 ;2p2M M /2 BM/BpB/m2H2 T`Q#H2K2M pM K2Mb2M QT KB+`Q@MBp2m- 2M /2x2 i2
p2`iH2M M` bB;MH2M QT ?2i MBp2m pM /2 BMbi2HHBM; UK2bQV 2M pM /2 bK2MH2@
pBM; UK+`QVX M/2`b ;2x2;/ ?227i 22M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2` M` KBDM B/22 #BMM2M
2M #mBi2M 22M BMbi2HHBM; 22M bB;MH2`2M/2 7mM+iB2X 12M pQQ`#22H/ ?B2`pM Bb ?2i #2@
F`BiBb2`2M pM /2 ;2śM/BpB/mHBb22`/2- K2`BiQ+`iBb+?2 bK2MH2pBM;- /B2 22M ;`Qi2
BMpHQ2/ ?227i QT ?2i r2H Q7 MB2i 22M TH2F FmMM2M pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/X 12M TQHBiB2F
bB;MH ;2p2M FM p2`b+?BHH2M/2 pQ`K2M MM2K2M, 22M bimF BM 22M F`Mi b+?`BD@
p2M- 22M /Q+mK2MiB`2 KF2M Q7 /2 TQHBiB2F QT xQ2F2MX 12M ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`
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/QKBMMi2 /Bb+Qm`b2M QT ?2i MBp2m pM /2 bK2MH2pBM;X
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2` #BD /Bi MFMQTBM;bTmMi M/2`b ;2x2;/ QK /i ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b MB2i HH22M
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i2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b +`2ď`2M QT /Bi KQK2Mi pQQ`MK2HBDF p`BD2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2b
#BMM2M BMbi2HHBM;2M +X[X BMbiBimiB2bX oMmBi `2M/iBMb T2`bT2+iB27 rQ`/i 2+?i2`
?2i #2HM; xB+?i#` pM ?2i +`2ď`2M pM 22M p`BD2- QT2M 2M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2
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HK 2M aKHBM; bi2HH2M, dz>mKMBb2`BM; `B+?i xB+? QT ?2i #2pQ`/2`2M pM K22` ?mKM2 Ki@
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`mBKi2b #mBi2M /2 Km`2M pM /2 BMbi2HHBM; QT i2 bi`i2MX
12M p2BHB;2 2M p`BD2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 BM /2 Tm#HB2F2 `mBKi2 FM QQF M;2@
/mB/ rQ`/2M K2i /2 i2`K ǵMB+?2ǶX .2x2 i2`K rQ`/i pF ;2#`mBFi #BMM2M /2 i?2Q`B2
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KF2M bii pQQ` ?2i r2`F2M M /2 ;bip`BD2 QMipM;bi pM Fr2ib#`2 K2Mb2M 2M
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mBibHmBi2M/2 #2r2;BM;2M QK `mBKi2 i2 KF2M pQQ` ?2i M/2`b@xBDM pM /2 M/2` UjV
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#2;2H2B/2`b 22M #BD/`;2 FmMM2M H2p2`2M M ?2i +`2ď`2M pM MB+?2b- /i rBH x2;;2MbT2+B}2F2 TH2FF2M- ;2HQFHBb22`/ BM /2 bK2MH2pBM;- /B2 ;2ivT22`/ FmMM2M rQ`/2M
Hb ;bip`BD2 `mBKi2b pQQ` MB2mr2HBM;2MX AM /2x2 ;bip`BD2 `mBKi2b rQ`/i M/2`b@
xBDM- Fr2ib#`?2B/ 2M THm`HBi2Bi 2`F2M/ 2M QK`K/X LB+?2b xBDM QK;2pBM;2M
r`BM K2Mb2M BM bii rQ`/2M ;2bi2H/ xB+? Hb ?M/2H2M/ 2M bT`2F2M/ T2`bQQM i2
QMirBFF2H2M 2M ?mM FrHBi2Bi Bb ;2biQ2H/ QT /2 p2`#BM/BM; 2M `2HiB2b K2i M/2`2MX
Er`iB2`KF2M Bb ;2`B+?i QT ri EH UkyyRV ǵMB2i@biM/`/#m`;2`bǶ MQ2Kic QT
K2Mb2M K2i 22M Tbv+?Bi`Bb+?2 +?i2`;`QM/ Q7 K2i 22M p2`biM/2HBDF2 Q7 HB+?K2@
HBDF2 #2T2`FBM;X J2i ?2i QQ; QT ?2i #2HM; pM THm`HBi2Bi- FmMM2M ?B2`M MB2i
HH22M K2Mb2M /22HM2K2M /B2 #2?Q`2M iQi 22M bT2+B}2F2 ;`Q2T- #BDpQQ`#22H/ TiBďM@
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;2#QQ`i2?mBx2M, ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2M r` K2Mb2M xB+? Hb
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MB2i #2QQ`/22H/ rQ`/2M Hb ri- #2QQ`/22H/ rQ`/2M QT F2MK2`F2M- 2B;2Mb+?TT2M
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K2i 2HF`X 12M Tm#HB2F2 p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 Bb 22M THib r` K2Mb2M 2HF`
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?mM xQ2FiQ+?i M` 22M xBMpQH #2biMX
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;2MQ2K/2 i?2KiB2F BM /2 +QMi2ti pM /2 ?mB/B;2 iBD/X AM /Bi ?QQ7/bimF FQTT2H BF
/2 QT#`2M;bi2M pM ?2i QM/2`xQ2F i2`m; M` /2 QQ`bT`QMF2HBDF2 /Q2Hbi2HHBM;2M 2M
#2FBDF BM ?Q2p2``2 KBDM QM/2`xQ2F ?B2`M 22M #BD/`;2 ?227i ;2H2p2`/X JBDM #BD@
/`;2 xBi K2i MK2 BM ?2i mBi22Mx2ii2M pM `2M/ib /B;MQb2 pM /2 KQ/2`M2 iBD/
2M /2x2 i2 +QM+2Mi`2`2M QT /2 i?2KiB2F 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/ U?QQ7/bimF
kV- BM ?2i p2`F2MM2M pM `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 QT /2 ;2b+?2ibi2 /B;MQb2 U?QQ7/bimF
jV 2M BM ?2i QM/2`xQ2F2M pM ri /2 KQ;2HBDF2 #BD/`;2 Bb pM `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27
pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; U?QQ7/bimF 9VX AM ?2i ?B2`MpQH;2M/2
ej
8X
*QM+HmbB2 2M /Bb+mbbB2
bT2+B}+22` BF /2 +QM+HmbB2b 2M /2 #BD/`;2M pM /Bi QM/2`xQ2F M /2 ?mKMBbiB2F
Hb r2i2Mb+?TX .`Mbi ; BF BM QT BMi2`2bbMi p2`pQH;QM/2`xQ2FX
*QM+HmbB2
AM /2x2 T`;`7 #2bT`22F BF TmMib;2rBDb /2 #2HM;`BDFbi2 BMxB+?i2M 2M T2`bT2+iB2@
p2M /B2 `2M/ib i?2Q`B2 pM ?2i ?M/2H2M 2M bT`2F2M #B2/i- r`K22 +QM+Hm/2`2M/
22M MirQQ`/ rQ`/i ;2;2p2M QT /2 +2Mi`H2 QM/2`xQ2Fbp`; pM /Bi QM/2`xQ2FX
RX `2M/ib i?2Q`B2 pM ?2i bT`2F2M 2M ?M/2H2M #B2/i 22M ;2H;/ 2M ;2MmM@
+22`/ #2;`BT pM ?2i ?2/2M/;b T`Q#H22K pM 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/X
.2x2 i?2KiB2F F`BD;i ?B2`K22 22M ir22H2/B;2 #2i2F2MBb- MK2HBDF 2M2`xBD/b
?2i pBM/2M pM 22M TH2F BM /2 Q#D2+iB2p2- 7vbB2F2 2M /QQ` /2 K2Mb ;2KFi2
r2`2H/- 2M M/2`xBD/b /2 BKKi2`BďH2- ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/ pM `2HiB2bp2`?H2M 2M K2MBM;2MX J2i MK2 /2x2 ir22/2 #2i2F2MBb FQKi BM /2x2 b+`BT@
iB2 M` pQ`2M Hb 22M `2H2pMi BMxB+?iX .2 #2HM;`BDFbi2 +QM+HmbB2 /B2 ?B2`mBi
QT;2KFi FM rQ`/2M Bb /i QMirQ`i2HBM; 2M 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/
;2xB2M /B2M2M i2 rQ`/2M Hb #2;`BTT2M /B2 7mM/K2Mi22H `2HiBQM22H pM `/
xBDMX .Bi #2i2F2Mi QQF /i /2 i?2KiB2F MB2i HH22M #2M/2`/ /B2Mi i2 rQ`/2M
Hb 22M BM/BpB/m2H2 Fr2biB2- K` Hb 22M bK2MbT2H BM /2 BMi2`+iB2 imbb2M
BM/BpB/m 2M bK2MH2pBM;X
kX AM MbHmBiBM; QT ?2i pQQ`;M/2 Bb 22M #2HM;`BDF2 +QM+HmbB2 /i `2M/i QQF
22M ?2H/2`2 MHvb2 #B2/i pM /2 p2`b+?BDMb2H2M /B2 i2M ;`QM/bH; HB;;2M M
/2 T`Q#H2KiB2F pM 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/X >` MHvb2 Bb K2i MK2
K2i ?2i QQ; QT /2 iQ2M2K2M/2 ;HQ#HBb2`BM;- BM/BpB/mHBb2`BM; 2M /QKBMM@
iB2 pM 22M M2QHB#2`H2 K2`BiQ+`iB2 BM /2 ?mB/B;2 iBD/- MQ; HiBD/ +im22H 2M
`2H2pMiX >` TQHBiB2F2 MHvb2- K2i Hb +2Mi`H2 mBi;M;bTmMi2M ?2i #2;`BT
r2`2H/p2`p`22K/BM; 2M ?2i p2`/rBDM2M pM ?2i imbb2MK2Mb2HBDF2- #B2/i #2HM;@
`BDF2 BMxB+?i2M pQQ` ?2i M/2MF2M Qp2` xBMpQH bK2MH2p2M 2M ?2i #2;2H2B/2M
pM K2Mb2M #BD ?2i pBM/2M pM 22M TH2F BM /2 r2`2H/X q2`2H/p2`p`22K/BM;
Bb pQH;2Mb `2M/i ;2;`QM/ BM /2 2`p`BM; pM QMirQ`i2HBM; 2M 22MxK?2B/X
wBD /2}MB22`i QMirQ`i2HBM; Hb ;22M TH2F ?2##2M BM /2 r2`2H/ /B2 ?2`F2M/
2M #2p2biB;/ rQ`/i /QQ` M/2`2MX A2/2` BM xB+?x2H7 i2`m;;2i`QFF2M- /`2B;2M
K2Mb2M MB2i K22` bK2M i2 H2p2M 2M /`2B;i /`K22 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2
r2`2H/ i2HQQ` i2 ;MX
jX AM /2x2 b+`BTiB2 Bb /`Mbi /mB/2HBDF ;2rQ`/2M /i /2 i?2Q`B2 pM `2M/i
MB2i HH22M 22M /B;MQb2 bi2Hi /B2 BM /2x2 iBD/ +im22H Bb- K` QQF `2H2pMi2
MFMQTBM;bTmMi2M #B2/i pQQ` MirQQ`/2M QT /Bi p`;bimFX `2M/ib T`B@
KB`2 BMx2i Bb /2 ?2`r`/2`BM; pM ?2i ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 BM ?2i K2Mb2HBDF
bK2MH2p2M- /QQ` ;2xK2MHBDF i2 bT`2F2M 2M ?M/2H2MX `2M/i rBDbi QT bT`2@
F2M 2M ?M/2H2M Hb +iBpBi2Bi2M /B2 /2 ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2- imbb2MK2Mb2HBDF2
e9
r2`2H/ UQTMB2mrV iQi biM/ FmMM2M #`2M;2MX 12M #2HM;`BDF2 +QM+HmbB2 /B2
?B2`mBi M` pQ`2M FQKi Bb /i HH22M BM 22M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 2M p`BD2
p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2- imbb2M K2Mb2M- ?2i KQ;2HBDF Bb BM rQQ`/ 2M // i2 p2`@
b+?BDM2M Hb mMB2F2 T2`bQQM 2M /mb i2 rQ`i2H2M 2M 22M TH2F i2 pBM/2MX .2
p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 Bb /2 p`BD2 `mBKi2 r` K2Mb2M 2HF` QMiKQ2i2M- r`
K2Mb2M xB+? M 2HF` iQM2M 2M r` K2Mb2M p2`#BM/BM;2M M;MX J22`
BM ?2i H;2K22M +QM+Hm/22` BF /i ?M/2H2M- bT`2F2M 2M ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF@
?2B/ ;2xB2M FmMM2M rQ`/2M Hb #2HM;`BDF2 #`QMM2M pM xBMX
9X `2M/ib i?2Q`B2 pM ?2i bT`2F2M 2M ?M/2H2M #B2/i 22M MiH KQ;2HBDF?2/2M
pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X .2 MQiB2b p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2bMiHBi2Bi- 2M KQ` KmM/B xBDM- xQHb BM ?QQ7/bimF 9 Bb mBi;2r2`Fi- BM /2
T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; +QM+`22i pQ`K i2 ;2p2MX .2x2 MQiB2b xBDM
`2H2pMi 2M BMi2`2bbMi pQQ` 22M M/2`2 /QQ`/2MFBM; pM /2 #2`Q2TbB/2MiBi2Bi
2M /2 iQ2FQKbi pM /2 #2`Q2Tb;`Q2T pM ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`bX w2 Hi2M
MB2mr r2`Fi2``2BM xB2M- MK2HBDF /2 Tm#HB2F2 `mBKi2X qMM22` r2 `2M/ib
T2`bT2+iB27 `/B+H xQm/2M pQH;2M- KQ2i2M r2 +QM+Hm/2`2M /i ?2i #2`Q2T
pM ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b ;`QM/B; QT /2 b+?QT KQ2iX wBD xQm/2M /M MK2HBDF
bH2+?ib BM ?2i Tm#HB2F2 /QK2BM r2`FxK FmMM2M Q7 KQ2i2M xBDMX AF xQm
2+?i2` rBHH2M +QM+Hm/2`2M /i /Bi r2HBbr` 22M #2HM;`BDF2 `B+?iBM;MrBDx2`
Bb- K` /i /Bi 22M i2 22MpQm/B;2 pQQ`bi2HHBM; pM xF2M BbX wQHb 22`/2`
QT;2K2`Fi KFi `2M/i bi`2M;2 QM/2`b+?2B/BM;2M- /B2 rMM22` iQ2;2Tbi
BM /2 +QM+`2i2 2M +QKTH2t2 T`FiBDF- MB2i i2 p2`r2x2MHBDF2M xBDMX `2M/ib
T2`bT2+iB27 /B2Mi M` KBDM K2MBM; /M QQF 22`/2` QT;2pi i2 rQ`/2M Hb 22M
QM/2`bi`2TBM; pM ?2i #2HM; pM ?2i +`2ď`2M 2M #2b+?2`K2M pM 22M p`BD2
p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2- r` K2Mb2M xB+? M 2HF` Hb ǵrB2Ƕ FmMM2M iQM2MX 12M
`mBKi2 /B2 p`BD Bb pM /Q2HKiB;?2B/ 2M 2{+BďMiB2 2M r` THm`HBi2Bi BM /2 xBM
pM QM/2`b+?2B/2M?2B/ 2M p2`b+?BHH2M/2 T2`bT2+iB2p2M KQ;2M #2biMX PQFQ7 DmBbi QQF #BMM2M /2 +QMi2ti pM BMbiBimiB2b Bb ?2i pM #2HM; 22M /2`;2HBDF2
`mBKi2 i2 +`2ď`2MX AKK2`b- rMM22` 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 QMi#`22Fi- ;i
;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF?2B/- THm`HBi2Bi 2M /mb K2Mb2HBDF?2B/ p2`HQ`2MX hQ+? rQ`/i
K2i `2M/ib QT`Q2T iQi KQ` KmM/B- /2 xQ`; 2M HB27/2 pQQ` /2 r2`2H/- QQF 22M
TT2H ;2/M QT ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b QK ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; MB2i HH22M
BM BM/BpB/m2H2 #2;2H2B/BM; pQ`K i2 ;2p2M- K` DmBbi QQF QK xQ`; i2 /`;2M
pQQ` /2 imbb2MK2Mb2HBDF2- ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 2M Tm#HB2F2 r2`2H/X EQ`iQK?2i +`2ď`2M pM 22M p2`b+?BDMBM;b`mBKi2 Bb MB2i HH22M #BMM2M BMbiBimiB2b pM
#2HM;- mBi `2M/ib pBbB2 pQH;i QQF 22M QT`Q2T QK ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; BM
?2i Tm#HB2F2 /QK2BM U#mBi2M /2 BMbiBimiB2bV pQ`K i2 ;2p2MX
e8
8X
*QM+HmbB2 2M /Bb+mbbB2
.Bb+mbbB2
.2 #BD/`;2 pM /Bi QM/2`xQ2F M /2 ?mKMBbiB2F Hb r2i2Mb+?T Bb ir22H2/B;X
h2M 22`bi2 ?2# BF /2 i?2KiB2F ǵQMirQ`i2HBM;Ƕ 2M ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/Ƕ Hb
xQ/MB; ;2ďtTHB+Bi22`/ 2M p2`?2H/2`/ K2i #2?mHT pM `2M/ib ;2/+?i2;Q2/X M
/2 ?M/ pM `2M/ib TQHBiB2F2 MHvb2 F`BD;2M r2 xB+?i QT 22M MiH T`Q#H2K2M
/B2 pM BMpHQ2/ xBDM QT 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/ 2M /B2 BM /2 ?mB/B;2 iBD/ H@
H22M K` m`;2Mi2` xBDM ;2rQ`/2MX >B2`K22 ?2# BF 22M #BD/`;2 ;2H2p2`/ M ?2i
p2`?2H/2`2M pM /2 2tBbi2MiBďH2 2M bQ+BH2 #2i2F2MBb pM /2x2 H2p2MbT`Q#H2KiB2FX
`2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 #B2/i /2 KQ;2HBDF?2B/ QK /2 i?2KiB2F ǵ22M TH2F pBM/2M BM
/2 r2`2H/Ƕ i2 /QQ`/2MF2M Hb xBM;2pBM;bT`Q+2b xQM/2` /2 bK2MH2pBM;b/BK2MbB2 i2
p2`QM+?ixK2MX 12M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/ p2`b+?BDMi xQ Hb 22M T`Q+2b /i
MB2i HH22M /QQ` 7+iQ`2M #BMM2M ?2i BM/BpB/m rQ`/i #2TH/- K` QQF /QQ` /2
p2`?Qm/BM; pM /i BM/BpB/m iQi /2 bK2MH2pBM;X .QQ` ?2i mBi/B2T2M pM /2x2
i?2KiB2F rQ`/i xB+?i#` ?Q2x22` xBM;2pBM; 2M ?mKMBb2`BM; K2i 2HF` bK2M@
?M;2MX `2M/ib /2MF2M #B2/i BM;M;2M QK /2 rBbb2Hr2`FBM; imbb2M BM/BpB/m 2M
bK2MH2pBM; i2 /QQ`/2MF2MX >2i Bb 22M p2`/B2Mbi2 pM `2M/i /i 22M T2`bT2+iB27
QT /2 i?2KiB2F Bb ;2T`2b2Mi22`/- /B2 /2 QM/2`HBM;2 #2śMpHQ2/BM; pM bQ+BH2 2M
Kib+?TT2HBDF2 7+iQ`2M 2M ?2i BM/BpB/m- #2b+?`BD7iX >B2`/QQ` FM #2i2` `2+?i
;2/M rQ`/2M M /2 +QKTH2tBi2Bi pM /2 i?2KiB2F #BMM2M /2 +QMi2ti pM /2
?mB/B;2 iBD/X >B2`K22 Bb 22M #BD/`;2 ;2H2p2`/ M /2 p`; ?Q2 ?mKMBb2`BM; 2M
xBM;2pBM; xB+? iQi 2HF` p2`?Qm/2MX
h2M ir22/2 p2`b+?BDMi /2 i?2Q`2iBb+?2 2tTHQ`iB2 /B2 BM /Bi QM/2`xQ2F Bb mBi;2@
pQ2`/ Hb `2H2pMi pQQ` /2 T`FiBDF pM ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`bX .QQ` pMmBi `2M/@
iBMb T2`bT2+iB27 i2 FBDF2M M` /2 i?2KiB2F pM /Bi QM/2`xQ2F BM /2 +QMi2ti pM
/2 21ste 22mr- xBDM MB2mr2 BMxB+?i2M M` pQ`2M ;2FQK2M /B2 ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b
FmMM2M ;2#`mBF2M BM ?mM r2`FX J2i MK2 /2 MQiB2b THm`HBi2Bi 2M MiHBi2Bi- #B2/2M
22M BMi2`2bbMi MB2mr T2`bT2+iB27 QT 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/ 2M THib2M /2
2tBbi2MiBďH2- xBM;2pBM;b/BK2MbB2 2`pM BM /2 b+?BDMr2`T2`bX "Qp2M/B2M #B2/i ?2i
#2;BM /i ;2KFi Bb K2i /2 +QM+`2iBb2`BM; pM `2M/iBMb2 MQiB2b KQ;2HBDF?2@
/2M pQQ` MB2mr2 KMB2`2M r`QT ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b pQ`K FmMM2M ;2p2M M
/2 #2;2H2B/BM; pM /2x2 H2p2MbT`Q#H2KiB2FX .2 QT;2/M2 BMxB+?i2M FmMM2M KBDMb
BMxB2Mb r`/2pQH xBDM QK iQi 22M #2i2` #2;`BT pM ?2i T`Q+2b pM 22M TH2F pBM@
/2M BM /2 r2`2H/ i2 FQK2M 2M #2pQ`/2`2M ?B2`K22 ?2i #2HmBbi2`2M 2M BMi2`T`2i2`2M
pM p2`?H2M Qp2` QMirQ`i2HBM;X .2 M/`mF /B2 `2M/i H2;i QT ?2i #2HM; pM /2
Mr2xB;?2B/ pM 22M p`BD2- #2HM;2HQx2 `mBKi2 FM BM;2x2i rQ`/2M i2` H2;BiBK2`BM;
pM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X "Qp2M/B2M xB2 BF /Bi Hb 22M `;mK2Mi i2;2M p22H ?2@
/2M/;b2 i`2M/b QK QQF M ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; 22M K22i#`2 2{+BďMiB2 i2
rBHH2M iQ2F2MM2MX
`2M/i /Q2i 22M QT`Q2T QK xB+? pQQ` /2 r2`2H/ QT2M i2 bi2HH2M 2M i2 xQ`;2M pQQ`
/2 ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF2 r2`2H/X >2i MQ`KiB2p2 T2`bT2+iB27 /i `2M/i #B2/i ?227i
ee
MB2i HH22M #2i`2FFBM; QT 22M MB2mr2 /QQ`/2MFBM; pM 22M TH2F pBM/2M BM /2 r2`2H/K` #`2/2` QQF QT /2 Kib+?TT2HBDF2 +QMbi2HHiB2b r`#BMM2M /Bi THibpBM/iX
J2i ?` F`BiBb+?2 2M MQ`KiB2p2 BMbi22F ?227i `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 BKTHB+iB2b pQQ`
/2 KMB2` r`QT BM /2 Kib+?TTBD ;2F2F2M rQ`/i M` bK2MH2p2MX `2M/ib
i?2Q`B2 FM BM /B2 xBM rQ`/2M QT;2pi Hb F`BiBb+? 2M bi2`F ?mKMBb2`2M/X AM /Bi QT@
xB+?i Bb ?` i?2Q`B2 pM #BDxQM/2` #2HM; pQQ` ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b pQQ` xQp2` xBD
BMx2ii2M QT ?2i M/+?i p`;2M pQQ` ?2i H227r2`2H/T2`bT2+iB27 #BMM2M 22M bvbi22K@
2M bK2MH2pBM;b+QMi2tiX AM 22M iBD/ r`BM ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; QM/2` /`mF biiHBDFi ?2i 22M #2HM;`BDF2 mBi/;BM; QK i2 p2`F2MM2M r2HF TQi2MiB22H `2M/ib T2`@
bT2+iB27 pQQ` ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM; #B2/iX >2i #2pQ`/2`2M pM ?mKMBb2`BM; pM
BMbiBimiB2b 2M bK2MH2pBM; rQ`/i- Mbi ?2i #2;2H2B/2M pM BM/BpB/m2H2 xBM;2pBM;b@
p`;bimFF2M- p22H M/`mFF2HBDF2` Hb F2`MiF pQQ` ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`b xB+?i#`X
.Bi BKTHB+22`i /i 2` #mBi2M BMbiBimiB2b- BM ?2i Tm#HB2F2 /QK2BM- MB2mr r2`Fi2``2BM
Bb pQQ` ;22bi2HBDF #2;2H2B/2`bX J2i ?2i p2`bi2`F2M pM /2 ?mKMBb2`BM;biF 2M
?2i M ?2i HB+?i #`2M;2M pM MB2mr r2`Fi2``2BM- #B2/i `2M/ib T2`bT2+iB27 22M
mBi/;2M/2 2M p22H#2HQp2M/2 MB2mr2 `B+?iBM; pQQ` ;22bi2HBDF2 #2;2H2B/BM;X
"BD /2 `2bmHii2M pM /Bi QM/2`xQ2F xBDM 2MF2H2 F`BiBb+?2 FMii2F2MBM;2M i2
THib2MX .22Hb FQK2M /2x2 pQQ`i mBi /2 FMii2F2MBM;2M /B2 #BD ?2i ;2/+?i2;Q2/
pM `2M/i x2H7 i2 THib2M xBDMX E2MK2`F2M/ 2M i2;2HBDF2`iBD/ 22M ;`QQi T`Q#H22K
pM `2M/ib TQHBiB2F2 i?2Q`B2 xBDM ?` bi`2M;2 QM/2`b+?2B/BM;2MX >B2`/QQ` FQK2M
#2TH/2 MQiB2b- xQHb /2 Tm#HB2F2 `mBKi2- BM r2`F2HBDF?2B/ K` x2H/2M pQQ`X JQ2B@
HBDF Bb #BDpQQ`#22H/ ?` B/22 /i TQHBiB2F Hb ;2K22Mb+?TT2HBDF ?M/2H2M pM 22M
p22H?2B/ pM ;2HBDF2 2M iQ+? p2`b+?BHH2M/2 K2Mb2M ;22M #2TH/ /Q2H /B2Mi- K`
xBM BM xB+?x2H7 ?227iX PQF Bb 2` 22M FMii2F2MBM; i2 THib2M #BD ?2i B/2H#22H/
/i xBD b+?2ibi pM /2 TQHBb #BD /2 Pm/2 :`B2F2MX wBD bT`22Fi MB2i Qp2` /2;2M2M /B2
MB2i Hb ;2HBDF2 #2?M/2H/ r2`/2M 2M ;22M iQ2;M; ?//2M iQi /2 Tm#HB2F2 `mBKi2xQHb p`Qmr2M 2M bHp2MX .`Mbi Bb 2`- xQHb 22`/2` ;2bi2H/- 22M FMii2F2MBM;
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