REVISED SYLLABUS
COURSES OF STUDY
B.Sc. (ZOOLOGY)
Six-Semester Course
(Effective from the session 2014-2015)
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, SCHOOL OF LIFESCIENCES,
RAVENSHAW UNIVERSITY
CUTTACK-753003, ODISHA
SEMESTER
PAPER NO.
TITLE
FIRST
SH ZO-1.1.1
SE ZO-1.1.1
SH ZO-1.1.2 /
Elective paper
SH ZO-1.1.3
SE ZO- 1.1.2
SH ZO-1.2.4
SE ZO-1.2.3
SH ZO-1.2.5
SH ZO-1.2.6
SE ZO-1.2.4
SH ZO-2.3.7
SE ZO-2.3.5
SH ZO-2.3.8
SH ZO-2.3.9
SE ZO-2.3.6
SH ZO-2.4.10
SH ZO-2.4.11
SE ZO-2.4.7
SH ZO-2.4.12
SE ZO-2.4.8
SH ZO-3.5.13
SH ZO-3.5.14
SH ZO-3.5.15
SH ZO-3.5.16
SH ZO-3.5.17
SH ZO-3.5.18
SH ZO-3.6.19
SH ZO-3.6.20
SH ZO-3.6.21
SH ZO-3.6.22
SH ZO-3.6.23
SH ZO-3.6.24
ANIMAL DIVERSITY-I[NON-CHORDATES]
NON-CHORDATES
RESOURCE BIOLOGY(Compulsory For Hons Course)
TOTAL
MARKS
50
50
50
PRACTICALS RELATED TO THEORY PAPER
PRACTICALS RELATED TO THEORY PAPER
ANIMAL DIVERSITY-II [CHORDATE BIOLOGY]
CHORDATE BIOLOGY
PHYSIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
PRACTICALS RELATED TO THEORY PAPER
PRACTICALS RELATED TO THEORY PAPER
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
PRACTICALS RELATED TO THEORY PAPER
PRACTICALS RELATED TO THEORY PAPER
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
PRACTICALS RELATED TO THEORY PAPER
PRACTICALS RELATED TO THEORY PAPER
BIOCHEMISTRY-I
MICROBIOLOGY
GENETICS
ECOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS
PRACTICALS
PRACTICALS
BIOCHEMISTRY-II
CELL BIOLOGY
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
GENETIC ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL RELATED TO THEORY
PRACTICAL RELATED TO THEORY
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
SECOND
THIRD
FOURTH
FIFTH
SIXTH
2
SEMESTER-I
PAPER I (SH-1.1.1)
Paper I SH-1.1.1: Nonchordates
UNIT-1
Distinguishing characters and classification of Phylum Protozoa, Porifera and Cnidaria up
to order , Protozoa- Type Study of Paramoecium with respect to: habit, habitat, Structure
and reproduction (binary fission and conjugation) , Porifera- Type study of Sycon- General
Organization, skeletal elements and Reproduction (including development), Cnidaria-Type
study
of
Aurelia-
Structure,
Alternation
of
generation
including
development,
Polymorphism in Coelenterates, Ctenophora- Structure and Affinities
UNIT-II
Distinguishing characters and classification of Phylum Platyhelminthes, Annelida and
Arthropoda up to order, Platyhelminthes- Life history of Fasciola hepatica with special
reference to larval stages, Parasitic adaptations in Helminthes, Helminth parasites of Man,
Annelida- Concept of Coelom, Type study of Hirudinaria granulosa-Structure and
Excretion, Arthropoda-Type study of Prawn-Morphology and Appendages, Respiration in
Arthropods- (Aquatic and terrestrial) Organ structures and mechanism, Peripatus :
Structural Affinities and systematic position, Sacculina: Structure
UNIT-III
Distinguishing characters and classification of Phylum Mollusca, Echinodermata and
Hemichordata up to order, Mollusca-Type study of Unio-Structure, respiratory and
reproductive system , Structural organization of Sepia, Echinodermata- Type study of
Starfish-Structure and Water vascular system, Evolutionary Significance of Echinoderm
larvae , Hemichordata- Anatomical peculiarities of Balanoglossus and their phylogenetic
position.
3
SE-ELECTIVE 1.1.1 (ZO-1.1.1)
UNIT-1
Distinguishing characters and classification of Phylum Protozoa, Porifera and Cnidaria up
to class , Protozoa- Type Study of Paramoecium with respect to: habit, habitat, Structure
and reproduction (binary fission and conjugation) , Porifera- Type study of Sycon- General
Organization, skeletal elements and Reproduction (including development), Cnidaria-Type
study of Aurelia- Structure, Polymorphism in Coelenterates, Ctenophora- Structure and
Affinities
UNIT-II
Distinguishing characters and classification of Phylum Platyhelminthes, Annelida and
Arthropoda up to class , Platyhelminthes- Life history of Fasciola hepatica with special
reference to larval stages, Parasitic adaptations in Helminthes, Annelida- Concept of
Coelom, Type study of Hirudinaria granulosa-Structure and Excretion Arthropoda-Type
study of Prawn-Morphology and Appendages, Peripatus : Structural Affinities and
systematic position
UNIT-III
Distinguishing characters and classification of Phylum Mollusca,Echinodermata and
Hemichordata up to class, Mollusca-Type study of Unio-Structure, respiratory and
reproductive system , Echinodermata- Type study of Starfish-Structure and Water
vascular system, Evolutionary Significance of Echinoderm larvae
Hemichordata- Anatomical peculiarities of Balanoglossus and their phylogenetic position.
4
List of Recommended Books:
1) Hyman, L. H. – The invertebrates, Vol. I (McGraw Hill)
2) Hyman L.H. – The invertebrates, Vo. II (McGraw Hill)
3) Barnes R. D. – Invertebrate Zoology (W.B. Saunders Co.)
4) Pearse / Buchschaum – Living invertebrates, Blackwell Scientific Publications,
California
5) Parker and Haswell – A Text Book of Zoology – Invertebrates Vol. I Edited by
6) Marshall and Williams, C.B.S. Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
7) P. S. Dhami and J.K. Dhami – Invertebrates, S. Chand and Company. New Delhi
8) E. L. Jordan & P. S. Verma – Invertebrate Zoology
9) A Text Book of Invertebrates – N. C. Nair, N. Soundara Pandian, S. Leelavathy, T.
Murugan
10)
R. L. Kotpal – Modern Text Book of Zoology, Invertebrates
11)
The Invertebrates: Function and Form. By Sherman W and and Sherman VG, 1976,
Pearson Education Low Priced Edition, Indian reprint 2007
12)
Biology – Raven, Johnson, Losos, Mason and Singer (Tata McGraw-Hill Edition)
13)
Invertebrate Zoology -Meglitch and Schram
5
PAPER-II SH 1.1.2 RESOURCE BIOLOGY
UNIT-I
A. Apiculture
1. Brief description of different species of Apis
2. Structural adaptation of honey bees - Mouth parts, Pollen basket, Sting
and Wax glands.
3. Culture method
4. Honey bee products - beewax and their uses, chemical composition of honey.
B. Sericulture
1. Brief description of different types of silkworms -Bombyx mori, Antheracea
paphea (tassar silkworm)
2. Types of silk - Tasar, Muga, Eri Silk
3. Sericulture and extraction of silk.
C. Lac culture
1. Brief account of lac insect – Laccifer lacca
2. Lac culture and Uses of lac
UNIT-II Pisciculture and Aquaculture
a) Egg collection, induced spawning
b) Biology and culture of Indian major carp , Exotic carp , Brackish water carp
c) Inland fishes - Ophiocephalus, Clarias, Anabas
d) Ornamental fish culture
e) Fish spoilage and preservation, Freezing, canning, salting, smoking and fish uses
AQUA CULTURE
1. Introduction to Aquaculture
a) Prawn culture - Breeding methods, freezing and canning
b) Mussel culture- Perna species, breeding, harvest and marketing
c) Pearl culture – methods and types of pearl
UNIT-III
POULTRY SCIENCE
1. Introduction, Importance of egg production, Nutritive value of eggs.
2. Breeds of fowl.
a) Exotic breeds - Rhode Island Red, Plymouth Rock, and New Hampshire.
b) Indigenous breeds: Chittagong, Gangus
Breeding of Poultry
1. Breeding for meat production - growth rate, body proportion; broiler chicks
2. Duck rearing 3. Japanese quail rearing – In brief
PEST AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS
1. Beneficial Insects (Butterfly, Moth, Beetle, Ant)
2. Basic idea of pest control methods
6
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Banerji, G.C. Poultry, Oxford & IBH.
2. P.R. Venkitaraman: Economic Zoology.
3. V. Sudheeran: Economic Zoology.
4. Kurian C.V., Sebastian C.V: Prawn and Prawn fisheries in India,
Hindustan Publication Corporation of India.
5. Alikunhi, K.R: Fish culture in India, KAV, ICAR.
6. Pillai, T.P: Aquaculture, Principles and Practices of fishing.
7. Kurian : Prawn and Prawn Fishery of India –.
8. K. H. Alikuhni : Fish Culture
9. Lagler : Fish Culture
10. Zingran : Fishes of India
11. Manual of Sericulture – Krishnaswami
12. Introduction to Sericulture – Ganga and Shetty
13. Economic Zoology- Shukla and Upadhaya
7
PAPER III Practicals (SH- 1.1.3)
1. Study of : Amoeba, Paramoecium, Plasmodium, Polystomella with the help of
slides.
2. Culture methods of Protozoans
3. Study of Sycon, hyalonema, gemmules and spicules
4. Study of hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone and corals[Favia, Fungia]
5. Study of larval stages of Fasciola hepatica, Taenia solium, Ascaris, Filarial worm
6. Study of Earthworm, Leech, Nereis, parapodia of Nereis, setae of Earthworm, Jaws
of Leech
7. Study of cockroach: External characters and sexual dimorphism and dissection of
digestive system of cockroach and Study of Leg (Demonstration only)
8. Cockroach: Nervous system (Demonstration only)
9. Mounting of cornea, thoracic spiracles, gizzard, Mouth parts (Demonstration only).
10.
Preparation of permanent slides of Mosquito by single staining method
11.
Mounting of mouth parts and sting apparatus of Honey bee
12.
Study of Prawn, Millipede, Centipede, Moth, Limulus, Scorpion, Peripatus
13.
Study of Aplysia, Pila, Dentalium, Chiton, Unio, Octopus, Permanent slide of
Radula and Osphradium
14.
Study of Asterias, Ophioderma, Cucumaria, Echinus and Balanoglossus
15.
Study of different Fishing Crafts and Gears (Models)
16.
Study of aquarium and aquarium fishes / ornamental fishes
17.
Study of structural organization of Beehive.
18.
Study of life cycle of Lac insect, Honey bee and Silk moth(Chart/Model
/Material)
18. Visit to study management of the following and submission of
report a. Apiculture
b. sericulture c. Poultry farm d. Fish farm
19. Study of equipments needed in Silkworm rearing center.
Practicals (SE ZO - 1.1.2)ELECTIVE
1. Study of : Amoeba, Paramoecium, Polystomella with the help of slides.
2. Culture methods of Protozoans
3. Study of Sycon, hyalonema, gemmules and spicules
4. Study of hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone and Favia
5. Study of larval stages of Fasciola hepatica, Taenia solium, Ascaris,
6. Study of Earthworm, Leech, Nereis, parapodia of Nereis, setae of Earthworm, Jaws of
Leech
7. Study of cockroach: External characters and sexual dimorphism and dissection of
digestive system of cockroach and Study of Leg (Demonstration only)
8. Cockroach: Nervous system (Demonstration only)
9. Mounting of cornea, thoracic spiracles, gizzard, Mouth parts (Demonstration only).
10. Preparation of permanent slides of Mosquito by single staining method
11. Mounting of mouth parts and sting apparatus of Honey bee
12. Study of Prawn, Centipede, Moth, Limulus,Honey bee, Peripatus
13. Study of Pila, Dentalium, Chiton, Unio, Octopus
14. Study of Asterias, Ophioderma, Cucumaria, Echinus and Balanoglossus
9
IInd SEMESTER
SH-ZO-1.2.4 Chordate Biology
UNIT-1
General characters and classification of Chordata upto orders, Origin of Chordates
Protochordates - General features and affinities of Hemichordates (Balanoglossus),
Cephalochordates (Amphioxus) and Urochordates(Herdmania), Retrogressive
metamorphosis, Agnatha-Type study of Petromyzon and Myxine- Structural peculiarities
and affinities, Pisces- Type study of Scoliodon- Morphology, Respiratory, Urinogenital
and sense organs, Scales in fishes, Comparative gill morphology of Chondrichthyes &
Osteichthyes, Accessory respiratory structure in fish
UNIT-II
Amphibia- Origin of tetrapods, Type study of Rana tigrina- Digestive and Respiratory
system,Parental care in amphibians, Neoteny & Paedogenesis, Reptilia- Type study of
Calotes- Morphology, Digestive, Urinogenital system, Poisonous and Non-poisonous
snakes, Snake venom and biting mechanism, Extinct reptiles, Affinities of Sphenodon
UNIT-III
Aves- Type study of Pigeon-Morphology, Respiratory and Urinogenital system, Flight
adaptations, Mammalia- Type study of Rabbit-Morphology, Digestive and Circulatory
system, Affinities of Prototheria & Metatheria, Adaptive radiation in mammals, Dentition in
Mammals
10
SE-ZO-1.2.3 ELECTIVE Chordates
UNIT-1
General characters and classification of Chordata upto class, Origin of Chordates
Protochordates - General features and affinities of Hemichordates (Balanoglossus),
Cephalochordates (Amphioxus) and Urochordates(Herdmania),Agnatha-Type study
of Petromyzon and Myxine- Structural peculiarities , Pisces- Type study of
Scoliodon-Morphology and sense organs, Scales in fishes
UNIT-II
Amphibia- Type study of Rana tigrina- Digestive and Respiratory system, Parental care in
amphibians, Neoteny & Paedogenesis , Reptilia- Type study of Calotes- Morphology and
Urinogenital system, Poisonous and Non-poisonous snakes, Snake venom and biting
mechanism
UNIT-III
Aves- Type study of Pigeon-Morphology, Respiratory and Urinogenital system, Flight
adaptations, Mammalia- Type study of Rabbit-Morphology and Digestive system, Affinities
of Prototheria & Metatheria, Dentition in Mammals
11
SH- ZO- 1.2.5 PHYSIOLOGY and TOXICOLOGY
UNIT I
Digestive System - Mechanical and chemical digestion of food; Role of gastrointestinal
hormones; Control and action of GI Tract secretions; Absorptions of carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, water, minerals and vitamins,
Respiration: Blood pigments: Role in oxygen transport, Oxygen dissociation curves and
their physiological significances, Transport of CO2, Bohr and Haldane effect, Chloride
shift, Circulation: Origin and conduction of cardiac impulse, Cardiac cycle, Blood volume,
cardiac out-put, Blood pressure and its regulation; Electrocardiogram, Autonomic control
and chemical regulation of heart rate
UNIT II
Excretion: Structure of nephron, Physiology of Urine formation, Composition of normal
urine, Muscle: Types, Ultra structure of striated muscle, mechanism of muscle
Contraction , Neuron and glia - Structure and function ,Ionic distribution,
Transmembrane potential, Ionic channels, Action potential, Origin and conduction of
nerve impulse, Synapse and synaptic transmission,
UNIT-III
Classification of toxicants, Dose-effect and dose response relationship; Frequency
response and cumulative response; Biological and chemical factors that influence toxicity;
Toxic agents and their action – Pesticides and Heavy Metals, Applications of Toxicology,
Determination of LC50 and LD50 Values, Bioaccumulation and biomagnification,
Environmental toxicology: Diversity and classification of environmental toxins
12
Reference Books:
1. Principles of Animal Physiology (2006), C. D. Moyes and P. M. Schulte.
2. Text book of Medical Physiology 10th edition (2001),. A. C. Guyton and J. E. Hall.
3.Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th edition (2006), G. J. Tortora and
B.Derrickson.
4.Endocrinology, 5th edition (2008), Mac. E. Hadley.
5.Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology 3rd edition (1998), P. J. Bentley.
6. Vertebrate Endocrinology 3rd edition (1997), D. O. Norris.
7. The World of the Cell, 7th edition, (2005), Wayne M. Becker, Lewis J.
Kleinsmith, Jeff Hardin.,
8 Jensen D. (1976): Principles of Physiology, Appleton Century Crafts, N.Y.
9. William F.Ganong (1999): Review of Medical Physiology
10 Caer BL-Haw’s Physiological chemistry, 14th Edn.
11 Shepherd, G.M: Neurobiology-Principles of Neural Science, E. Kandel & P. Schwartz.
12 Campbell (1984): Clinical Physiology, 5th Edn. Blackwall Scientific Publications,
13. Fundamentals of Toxicology- Adhikari
14. Toxicology- V.C Kapoor
13
Practical (SH- ZO 1.2.6)
1. Classification of Protochordata,Cyclostomata (T.S. through pharynx and intestineamphioxus, T.S. through proboscis, Ascidian, Specimen of Petromyzon, Myxine
and Ammocoetus larva
2. Classification of Super class Pisces (one example from each class)
3. Study of scales- Placoid, Cycloid and Ctenoid, mounting of Ampulla of Lorenzini
4. Classification of class Amphibia(one example from each order)
5. Study of Tadpole larva and its metamorphosis
6. Classification of class Reptilia (one example from each order)
7. Classification of class Aves(one example from each order)
8. Dissection of Brain (Demonstration only) and mounting of pectin, filoplume
9. Classification of class Mammalia (one example from each )
10. Study of Histological slides
11. Determination of bleeding time of blood
12. Determination of clotting time of blood
13. Estimation of Haemoglobin and preparation of Haemin crystal
14. Effect of various concentration of salt solution on Red blood cell
15. Study of Histological slides pertaining to Nervous system
16. Blood cell count (WBC and RBC)
17.Toxicological response of Fish: Operculum movement and surfacing
14
Practical
(SE- ZO 1.2.4)ELECTIVE
1. Classification of Protochordata,Cyclostomata (T.S. through pharynx and intestineamphioxus, T.S. through proboscis, Ascidian, Specimen of Petromyzon, Myxine
and Ammocoetus larva
2. Classification of Super class Pisces (one example from each class)
3. Study of scales- Placoid, Cycloid and Ctenoid, mounting of Ampulla of Lorenzini
4. Accessory respiratory organs in Anabas, Clarias and Heteropneustes
5. Classification of class Amphibia(one example from each order)
6. Study of Tadpole larva and its metamorphosis
7. Mounting of hyoid apparatus, pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle
8. Classification of class Reptilia (one example from each order)
9. Study of carapace and and plastron of tortoise/turtle
10. Classification of class Aves (one example from each order)
11. Dissection of Brain (Demonstration only) and mounting of pectin, filoplume
12. Classification of class Mammalia (one example from each)
13. Study of Histological slides
15
SEMESTER III
SH- ZO-2.3.7 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
UNIT-I
Integument and its derivatives, Endoskeleton - Axial skeleton & Appendicular skeleton
Digestive system – Alimentary canal and associated glands , Respiratory system –
Cutaneous respiration, Gills and lungs, Air sacs in birds
UNIT-II
Circulatory system – Evolution of heart and Aortic arches, Portal systems, Excretory
system – Evolution of kidney and its ducts , Nervous system – Comparative anatomy of
Vertebrate brain , Sense organs – Comparative anatomy of ear and eye
UNIT-III
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous and other specialized tissues, Tools in
histology:
Principle, and functioning of microtome, automated microtome, ,ultramicrotome, cryostat,
Techniques in histology: Sample preparation, reagents, fixatives, processing of fixed
samples, dehydration, embedding, block making, staining, dyes and dye-binding reactive
groups, mordants
16
REFERENCES
1. Carter, G.S. Structure and habit in vertebrate evolution – Sedgwick and
Jackson, London.
2. Kingsley, J.S. Outlines of Comparative Autonomy of Vertebrates, Central Book Depot.
Allahabad
3. Kent, C.G. Comparative anatomy of vertebrates
4. Malcom Jollie, Chordata morphology. East – West Pres Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Milton I lildergrand. Analysis of vertebrate structure. IV. Ed. John Wiley and Sons
Inc., New York.
6. Smith, H.S. Evolution of Chordata structure. Hold Rinchart and Winstoin Inc.
New York.
7. Sedgwick, A.A. Students Text Book of Zoology, Vol.II.
8. Walter, H.E. and Sayles, L.D. Biology of vertebrates, MacMillan & Co. New York.
9. Outlines of comparative anatomy, Romer & Parsons, Central Book Depot, The
Vertebrate Body (Saunders).
10. Weichert, C.K. and Presch, W. Elements of chordate anatomy, 4th Edn. McGraw
Hall Book Co., New York
17
SH ZO- 2.3.8 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
UNIT-1
Classification and characteristic features of Hormones.
Mechanism of hormone action-receptors, Second messenger
concept. Structure of pituitary Gland – Hormones.
Hypothalamic Regulation for Release of pituitary Hormones. Structure
of Thyroid Gland – Biological functions of Thyroid Hormones
Regulation of Thyroid Secretion
UNIT-2
Islets of Langerhans – structure, Hormones,
function. Structural features of –Adrenal gland
Biological Action of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline – Emergency Hormones
Male Reproductive system – Hormonal control of Testes, Functions of
Testosterone Female Reproductive system-Role of Hormones in Female Sexual
cycle
Placental Hormones – parturition-Lactation.
UNIT-3
Animal Behavior
Stereotyped and acquired behavior-learning, fixed action
pattern, Foraging, food acquiring and anti predatory behavior,
Communication in honeybees (dance Language and pheromones) and their
social organization.
Neural and Hormonal control of
Behaviour Migratory behavior of birds and
fish, Hormones, Drugs and Behavior.
Parental Behaviour - endocrine correlates.
18
References:
1. Mac E Hadley, 1992 Endocrinology, Third edition, prentice Hall, New Jersey
2. Matsumoto A. and Ishi S., 1992 (eds). Atlas of endocrine organs, vertebrates and
Invertebrates springier verlag, Germany
3. Wilson J.D and Foster D.W 1992, William’s textbook of endocrinology, 8th edition, WB
saunders company, Philadelphia
4. World health organization, Technical report series, 1992, oral contraceptives and
neoplasia WHO, Geneva
5. Turner, C.D and Bagnara, J.T., 1094, General Endocrinology, 6th Edition, WB
Saunder’s company, Philadelphia (Saunder’s International Students edition)
6. Lamming, G.E. 1984. Marshall’s physiology of Reproduction ; Reproductive cycles of
vertebrates. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
7. Prakash S Lohar Endocrinology, Hormones and Human Health.
8. Randy J. Nelson. 2000. An Introduction to Behavioural Endocrinology,2nd
edition.Sinauer Associates,Inc.
9. Aggarwal V. K, 2009. Animal Behaviour.
10. Mathur Reena, 2010. Animal Behaviour.
11. Alcock J. 2009. Animal Behavior an Evolutionary Approach. 9th edition. Sinauer
Associates,Inc.
12. Jack W. Bradbury, Sandra Lee Vehrencamp, 2011. Principles of Animal
Communication.
Sinauer Associates,Inc.
13. Nicholas B. Davies, John R. Krebs, Stuart A. West 2012. An Introduction to
Behavioural Ecology John Wiley & Sons
14. J. R Krebs, N. B Davies1997. Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach. John
Wiley & Sons
19
SE ZO- 2.3.5 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY [ELECTIVE]
UNIT-I
Integument and its derivatives, Endoskeleton - Axial skeleton & Appendicular skeleton
Digestive system – Alimentary canal and associated glands , Respiratory system –
Cutaneous respiration, Gills and lungs, Air sacs in birds
UNIT-II
Circulatory system – Evolution of heart and Aortic arches, Portal systems, Excretory
system – Evolution of kidney and its ducts , Nervous system – Comparative anatomy of
Vertebrate brain , Sense organs – Comparative anatomy of ear and eye
UNIT-III
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous and other specialized tissues, Tools in
histology:
Principle, and functioning of microtome, automated microtome, ,ultramicrotome, cryostat,
Techniques in histology: Sample preparation, reagents, fixatives, processing of fixed
samples, dehydration, embedding, block making, staining, dyes and dye-binding reactive
groups, mordants
20
SH ZO-2.3.9 PRACTICALS
1. Mounting of Placoid, cycloid and ctenoid scales.
2. Study of different types of feathers- contour, filoplume and down feathers
3. Histological slides of different tissues and organs of fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammal.
4. Comparative study of skeletal system of Rana, Varanus, Galus and Rabbit
5. Study of slides of Endocrine glands
6. Study of knee jerk reflex.
7. Film shows on Animal behavior
8. Study
of
Squamous
epithelium,
columnar
epithelium,
ciliated
epithelium, Smooth muscle, Skeletal muscle
9. Study of photographs dealing with conflict behavior, fixed action patternscourtship behavior and territorial behavior.
10. Study of Phototaxic behavior of Earthworm.
21
SE ZO-2.3.6 PRACTICALS [ELECTIVE]
1. Mounting of Placoid, cycloid and ctenoid scales.
2. Study of different types of feathers- contour, filoplume and down feathers
3. Histological slides of different tissues and organs of fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammal.
4. Comparative study of skeletal system of Rana, Varanus, Galus and Rabbit
5. Study
of
Squamous
epithelium,
columnar
epithelium, Smooth muscle, Skeletal muscle
22
epithelium,
ciliated
SEMESTER 4TH SH ZO- 2.4.10 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Unit-I
Gametogenesis- Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Ultrastructure of sperm and ovum
Fertilization-Biochemical and physiological events
Yolk content and types of animal eggs
Patterns of cleavage
Unit-II
Gastrulation (Amphioxus, Frog and Chick)
Extra-embryonic membranes
Types and physiology of placenta
Regeneration in invertebrates (Hydra,
(Amphibia)
Planaria)
and
Vertebrates
Unit-III
Organiser Concept
Organogenesis of heart, brain
Post embryonic development- Metamorphosis of insects and amphibians
Ageing – concept, models and theories
Books Recommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Balinsky – Introduction to Embryology
Gilbert- Embryology
Jain – Embryology
Tyagi, Agarwal- Embryology
Mohan P Arora- Embryology
Sastri, Singh, Tamar-Cell and Developmental Biology
23
SH ZO- 2.4.11 IMMUNOLOGY
UNIT 1
The Immune System- Innate- Types of Non specific immunity and acquired
immunity, lymphoid organs and their interaction(Bone marrow,Thymus, Spleen,
Lymph node, MALT,CALT, NALT, BALT)-Structure and function , Immune Cells –
White blood cells, Dendritic cell, Mast cell, Natural killer cell, Inter digitating dendritic
cell, Antigen presenting cells
UNIT II
Antigens: Antigenicity and Immunogenicity, Epitopes
Antibodies: Structure and functions of immunoglobulin, Antibody-Antigen interactions
(In brief) , Isotypic, allotypic and idiotype variations, MHC and Antigen Presentation Major Histocompatibility Complex: MHC molecules and organization of their genes,
Structure and function of MHC gene products
UNIT-III Humoral and Cell Mediated Immune Response - Activation of T cells: Activation
of TH and TC cells, Generation of T memory cells, Apoptosis in T cells , B Cell maturation:
Activation of B Cells, Regulation of B Cell mediated Effector functions, Cytokines:
Structure of cytokines, Cytokine receptors, Function of cytokines, The Complement
System
24
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Immunology (6 th Edition) by Roit IM, Brostoff J and Male D. Mosby, An imprint of
Elsevier Sci Ltd., 2002.
2. Kuby Immunology (4 th Edition) by Golds RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne A. W.H. Freeman and
Co. Ltd., New York, USA, 1994.
3. Textbook on Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, 5 Volumes (9
th Edition) by Topley and Wilson. Edward Arnold, London, 1995.
4. Basic and Clinical Immunology, by Stites DP. Appleton & Lang Press.
5. Immunology, by Weissman and Wood. Benjamin Cummings.
6. Fundamentals of Immunology, by Coleman RM, Lombard MF, Sicard RE and Rencricca
7. Immunology- Weir
25
SE ZO- 2.4.7 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY[ ELECTIVE]
Unit-I
Gametogenesis- Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Ultrastructure of sperm and ovum
Fertilization-Biochemical and physiological events
Yolk content and types of animal eggs
Patterns of cleavage
Unit-II
Gastrulation (Amphioxus, Frog and Chick)
Extra-embryonic membranes
Types and physiology of placenta
Regeneration in invertebrates (Hydra, Planaria) and Vertebrates (Amphibia)
Unit-III
Organiser Concept
Organogenesis of heart, brain
Post embryonic development- Metamorphosis of insects and amphibians
Ageing – concept, models and theories
Books Recommended
Balinsky – Introduction to Embryology
Gilbert- Embryology
Jain – Embryology
Tyagi, Agarwal- Embryology
Mohan P Arora- Embryology
Sastri, Singh, Tamar-Cell and Developmental Biology
26
SEMESTER-IV (SH ZO--2.4.12)
1. Observation of live gametes under microscope.
2. Observation on development of Fertilized frog eggs.
3. Embryological slides of Chick. (Whole mount)
4. Metamorphosis of Anuran tadpole.
5. Blood group detection.
6. Life cycle of Anuran tadpole
7. Developmental Stages of Polypedatus.
8. Study of primary and secondary immune organs.
9. Differential count.
10. Observation of eggs of fish, ambhibia and reptile –Comparative study.
11. Preparation of Blood smear for type of leucocytes.
12. Study of Bone marrow cells.
13. Embryological studies of fish (Whole mount and slides).
14. Widal test.
15. Embryological studies of Sea urchin (Whole mount and slides).
16. Hatching experiment.
SEMESTER-IV (SE ZO--2.4.8) ELECTIVE
1. Observation of live gametes under microscope.
2. Observation on development of Fertilized frog eggs.
3. Embryological slides of Chick. (Whole mount)
4. Metamorphosis of Anuran tadpole.
5. Life cycle of Anuran tadpole
6. Developmental Stages of Polypedatus.
7. Observation of eggs of fish, ambhibia and reptile –Comparative study.
8. Study of Bone marrow cells.
9. Embryological studies of fish (Whole mount and slides).
10. Embryological studies of Sea urchin (Whole mount and slides).
11. Hatching experiment.
27
SEMESTER-V
PAPER XIII (SH-3.5.13)
Biochemistry-I
UNIT-I
Thermodynamic principles: First law and second law of thermodynamics, concept of free
energy, exergonic & endergonic reactions. Water as the solvent of life (importance of water
in biological kingdom); structure & physical properties of water, ionization of water,
polarity of water. Concept of pH, pH scale and buffer; biological buffer system.
UNIT-II
Classification, Structure and properties (physical and electrochemical) of amino acids.
Classification: compositional classification (simple protein & conjugate protein). Biological
classification.
Protein configuration: Primary structure, secondary structure (α-helix & β-pleated
structure).
Properties: physical properties, chemical properties (reaction involving-COOH group, -NH2
group, -R group, -SH group).
UNIT-III
Classification of carbohydrate, structure of some representative-examples of
monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, isomers in carbohydrate, some
important properties of monosaccharides. Classification & properties of fatty acids.
28
PAPER XIII (SH-3.5.14)
Microbiology
UNIT-I
Systematic position of microbes in biological world, classification of microorganisms and
characteristics of different groups.
Sterilization methods, culture media, pure culture methods. Methods for population
estimation & growth determination.
Bacteria: structure, nutrition and reproduction. Genetic recombination in bacteria:
transformation, conjugation & transduction. Economic importance of bacteria.
UNIT-II
General characteristics, properties, structure, chemistry and types of viruses. Life cycle of
bacteriophage. Plant viruses -TMV, CMV. Diseases caused by Viruses (animal): HIV,
Hepatitis. Oncogenic viruses. General characteristics, properties of protozoa. Diseases
caused by Protozoans: Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodium species, Trypanosoma.
UNIT-III
Industrial microorganisms and product formation: Industrial microorganisms and their
products, primary and secondary metabolism, characteristics of large-scale fermentation.
Major industrial products for health industry: industrial production of Penicillin, industrial
production of vitamins and amino acids.
Major industrial production for food and beverages: alcohol and alcoholic beverages,
vinegar production, mushroom cultivation.
29
PAPER XV (SH-3.5.15)
Genetics
UNIT-I
Mendel’s experiments and principles of inheritance, test and back cross, gene interaction,
modified dihybrid ratios: complementary, supplementary, duplicate and masking gene
action, multiple alleles in man (ABO blood group), plants (self incompatibility).
UNIT-II
Linkage, crossing over: chromosome theory of linkage, coupling and repulsion phases,
recombination, two and three point test crosses, chromosome mapping, quantitative traits
and quantitative genetics. Significance of crossing over. Sex linked inheritance.
UNIT-III
Mutation: types of mutation, types of mutagen-physical & chemical. Molecular basis of
mutation (transition, transversion, base pair substitution, & frame shift mutation).
Numerical & structural changes in chromosomes (origin, types & effect of deletion,
duplication, inversion, translocation & polyploidy).
Mutation & polyploidy as a method of crop improvement.
30
PAPER XV (SH-3.5.16)
Ecology & Biostatistics
UNIT-I
Ecosystem - structure and function, producers, consumers and decomposers, food chain,
food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow. Hierarchy of ecosystem organization. Types of
ecosystem-forest, grassland, desert and aquatic ecosystem, detritus based ecosystem.
Abiotic components - water, air, soil, light and temperature. Ecosystem and
thermodynamics. Biogeochemical cycle.
UNIT-II
Population ecology: Basic concept, characteristics of population, biotic potential, kinetics
of population growth, r & k selection, regulation of population density, population
interaction.
Community ecology: characteristics, composition, classification, structure, development of
community. Species diversity and its measurement: concept of α-diversity and β-diversity.
Synthetic characters of community, unit of vegetation, continum concept, Ecotone, Ecad,
Ecotype, Edge effect. Succession in community, climax vegetation.
UNIT-III
Study of population through samples, collection of data and representation of data,
Measurement of central tendency: Mode, Median and Arithmetic Mean, Measures of
dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, Variance, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation.
Statistical interference: Hypothesis testing-Null Hypothesis, test of significance: t, Chisquare test, analysis of variance (one factor).
31
PAPER XVII (SH-3.5.17)
Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Determination of pKa value of Acetic acid
Preparation of buffer
Measurement of pH of different samples
Qualitative estimation of amino acids and proteins.
Qualitative test for carbohydrates
Preparation and sterilization of culture media (Nutrient Agar) .
7. Gram staining.
8. Study of culture transfer instruments and techniques.
9. Spread plate/Streak plate technique.
10. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PAPER XVIII (SH-3.5.18)
Practical
Study of mean and measure of dispersion of quantitative variables of biological
characters.
Application of t-test to study significance of difference of means of variables of
characters by setting null hypothesis taking animal sample.
Study of mitosis and meiosis
Preparation of karyotype and Pedigree analysis
Population genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Law (Blood group, Ear lobe and
Tongue rolling experiment)
Application of chi-square test.
Study of biotic components of a pond ecosystem.
Study of Community structure of grassland.
a. Estimation of chloride of water.
b. Determination of pH, Temperature, Alkalinity and Dissolved oxygen of water
c. Estimation of calcium carbonate and Magnesium of soil.
d. Total Hardness of Water
e. Determination of Phosphate of water
32
SEMESTER 6TH PAPER XIX (SH-3.6.19)
Biochemistry-II
UNIT-I
Biosynthesis of fatty acids (saturated & unsaturated). Biosynthesis of triglycerols,
membrane phospholipid, cholesterols, steroid hormones. Oxidation of saturated fatty
acids, β-oxidation, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, α-oxidation.
UNIT-II
Concept of enzyme and mechanism of enzyme action.
Synthesis of amino acid of α-keto glutarate family, 3- phosphoglycerate precursor family,
oxalo-acetate and pyruvate precursor family, PEP-erythose-4-phosphate precursor family,
Ribose-5 phosphate precursor family. Feedback control of amino acid biosynthesis:
(sequential, concerted and cumulative feedback control).
UNIT-III
Respiration: Types - Aerobic respiration, Anaerobic respiration, respiratory substrates,
respiratory quotient, mechanism of respiration: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, terminal
oxidation(Oxidative phosphorylation, Electron transport chain). Energy calculation
(output) in prokaryotes / eukaryotes. Pentose phosphate pathway.
33
PAPER XIX (SH-3.6.20)
Cell Biology
UNIT-I
The cell: cell theory, prokaryotic cell vs eukaryotic cell and plant vs animal cell.
Techniques in cell biology: principles of light and electron microscopy, principles of phase
contrast and florescence microscopy. Cell fractionation procedure. Principles of
chromatographic
technique
(Paper,
Thin-layer
and
Gas
chromatography),
Spectrophotometry, staining.
UNIT-II
Cell wall: origin, structure, composition, growth and function. Cell membrane: origin,
structure, composition, models and function. Structure and function of cytoskeleton.
Cell organelles: Structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, golgi
apparatus, plastids, lysosome, vacuoles.
Mitochondria: Origin, structure, composition, genome organization and function.
Chloroplast: Origin, structure, composition, genome organization and function.
UNIT-III
Ultrastructure of nucleus, nucleus matrix and nucleoplasm. Chromatin structure and
nucleosome. Cell cycle, cell division- mitotis and meiosis, regulation of cell cycle.
Programmed cell death (Apoptosis).
34
PAPER XXI (SH-3.6.21)
Molecular Biology
UNIT-I
Composition of nucleic acids, DNA structure: A, B, Z forms of DNA.
DNA replication: Experimental evidences of semi conservative replication, replication in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mechanism of DNA Repair, Homologous Recombination
Different forms of RNA and their role.
UNIT-II
Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes (inducible and repressible system, positive
regulation and negative regulation); Operon concept – lac operon.
Regulation in eukaryotes.
UNIT-III
Mechanism of protein biosynthesis: translation; peptide chain initiation, elongation,
termination, post translational modifications. Factors required for protein synthesis.
Inhibition of protein synthesis.
35
PAPER XXII (SH-3.6.22)
Genetic Engineering and Animal Tissue Culture
UNIT-I
Restriction endonucleases used in recombinant DNA technology, cloning vectors
(plasmids, lambda etc.), isolation of DNA, RNA and Protein, construction of cDNA and
genomic libraries, selection of recombinant clones, Application
of plant genetic
engineering.
UNIT-II
Basic techniques: Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Western blotting, PCR, Agarose &
SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, DNA fingerprinting (RFLP, RAPD, AFLP), DNA sequencing.
UNIT-III
Elementary concept of Animal tissue culture, Equipments and materials for cell culture:
Design and layout of culture room, Sterilization and aseptic techniques, Culture media
(Composition): Natural media, Synthetic media, Nutritional compounds of media, Role of
serum in cell culture, various techniques of tissue culture.
36
PAPER XVII (SH-3.5.23)
Practical
1. Preparation of karyotype.
2. Study of mitosis and meiosis by cytological techniques.
3. Preparation of Polytene chromosomes from Drosophila larva.
4. Study of Human chromosomes.
5. Study of Barr bodies.
6. Estimation of Carbohydrate.
7. Estimation of Sugar in Urine.
8. Effect of pH, temperature and substrate concentration on enzyme activity [Titrimetric
method].
9. Demonstration of mitochondria from human buccal epithelium by supravital stain.
10. Separation of Mitochondrial fraction.
PAPER XVII (SH-3.5.24)
Practical
1. Separation of amino acid mixture by paper chromatography.
2. Validation of Beer-Lambert’s law.
3. Estimation of Protein
4. Estimation of DNA
5. Estimation of RNA
6. Laboratory organization of tissue culture lab and equipments.
7. Media components and preparation.
8. Sterilization techniques, Growth conditions, Maintenance of aseptic condition.
9. Demonstration of Electrophoresis process.
10.
Colorimetric estimation of Protein.
37
References
Animal Diversity –I : Non-chordate
1. Text book of Zoology Vol-1 Invertebrates – Parker & Haswell (edited by
Marshall & Williams) (ELBS & Macmillion)
2. Biology – Raven, Johnson, Losos, Mason and Singer (Tata MaGraw-Hill
Edition)
3. Invertebrate Zoology- Ruppert and Barnes
4. Invertebrate structure and functrion – E. J. W. Barrington
5. Biology of nonchrodates – H.C. Nigam
6. General Zoology -Villee, Walker and Bsarnes
7. Invertebrate Zoology -Meglitch and Schram
8. Invertebrate Zoology Jordon and Verma
9. The Invertebrates :Function and form : A laboratory guide – by I. W. Sherman and V. G.
Sherman (Pearson)
10. Practical Zoology- Ghosh and Manna
11. Manual of Practical Zoology- A.K.Roy
Cell Biology & Genetics
1. Principles of Genetics- R. H. Tamarin (Tata MaGraw-Hill Edition)
2. The World of Cell – W. M. Becker, L. J. Kleinsmith, J. Hardin (Pearson)
3. Genetics – S. Elrod and W. Stansfield (Tata MaGraw-Hill Edition)
4. Genetics - (Tata MaGraw-Hill Edition)
5. Concepts of Genetics- W. S. Klug and M. K. Cummings (Pearson)
6. Cell Biology- Cooper
7. Fundamental of Genetics- Russel
Animal Physiology & Biochemistry
1. Modern Experimental Biochemistry- R. Boyer (Pearson)
2. Animal Nutrition – P. McDonald, R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalgh and C. A. Morgan
(Pearson)
3. Biochemistry- D. Das
4. Biochemistry- Lehninger
5. Animal Physiology – Prosser and Brown
6. Animal Physiology- Adaptation & Environment- Schmidt & Neilson
7. General Biochemistry- J. H. Weil
8. Essential of Animal Physiology- S. C. Rastogi
9. Biochemsitry- Mathews
Animal diversity II. Chordate
1. Text book of Zoology Vol-1I Vertebrates – Parker & Haswell (Edited by Marshall &
Williams)
2. Vertebrate life- Pough and McFerland
3. Life of Vertebrates . J. Z. Yong
4. Vertebrates : Comparative anatomy, function, Evolution- K. V. Kardong
(Tata MaGraw-Hill Edition)
38
5.
6.
7.
8.
Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates- G.C. Kent & R. Carr
The Vertebrate body- Romer & Parsons
Biology of Vertebrates- Walter & Sayles
Elements of Chordate Anatomy- Weichert
Histology, Endocrinology & Reproductive Biology
1. Endocrinology- M. E. Hadley and J. E. Levine (Pearson)
2. General Endocrinology- Turner & Bagnara
3. Text book of Endocrinology- Gorman & Wilson
4. Essential Endocrinology- Charles, Book and Marshall
5. Endocrinology ( Vol. 1, 2, 3)- L. J. Degroot
6. Vertebrate Endocrinology- Norris
7. Histology- Ross and Reith
8. Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology- K. V. Shastry
Developmental Biology
1. Introduction of Embryology- Balinsky
2. Pattern’s foundation of Embryology- (Tata MaGraw-Hill Edition)
3. Development Biology- Gilbert
4. Developmental Biology- Browder et al.
5. Principles of Developmental Biology – Wilt and Hake
Microbiology, Parasitology & Immunology
1. Microbiology : an Introduction- G. J. Tortora, B. R. Funke and C. L. Case (Pearson )
2. Principles of Microbiology- Dr. Geeta Sumbali and Dr. R. S. Mehrotra. (Tata
McGraw-Hill Edition)
3. Microbiology – M. J. Pelczar Jr., Chan E. C. S. and N.R. Krieg (Tata MaGraw-Hill
Edition)
4. An Introduction to Parasitology- J. D. Smyth
5. General Parasitology- Cheng
6. Foundation of Parasitology- Schmidt & Roberts
7. The elements of Immunology- F. H. Khan (Pearson)
8. Immunology – G. Pinchuk (Tata MaGraw-Hill Edition)
9. Immunology- J. Kuby
10. Immunology-A. K. Chakraborty
11. Principles of Cellular and Molecular immunology – J, M. Austyn et al.
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
1. Molecular and cell biology – W. D. Stansfield, J. S. colome and R. J. Cano. (Tata
MaGraw-Hill Edition)
2. Bioinformatics - (Tata MaGraw-Hill Edition)
3. Introduction to Biotechnology- W. J. thieman and M.A. Palladino. (Pearson)
4. Molecular Biology of the gene – J. D. Watson et al. (Pearson)
5. Advanced Molecular Biology- Twyman
6. Genes IX – B. Lewin
7. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology- R. A. Meyers
Evolution, Systematics and Animal Behaviour
1. Principles of Systematic zoology- Mayr & Ashlock
2. Evolutionary Biology- futuyama
39
3. Evolution-Strickberger
4. An introduction to Animal Behaviour- Manning & Dawkins
5. Animal Behaviour- Drickamar & Vessey
6. Evolution of the Vertebrates- Colbert
7. Vertebrate Paleontology- Benton
8. Vertebrate Paleontology- Romer
9. Principles of Animal Taxonomy- Simpson
Ecology and Environmental Biology
1. Elements of Ecology- by T. H. Smith and R. L. Smith. (Pearson)
2. Microbial Ecology : Fundamentals and Applications – R. M. Atlas and R. Bartha
(Pearson)
3. Environmental Science- G. Tyler Miller
4. Essentials of Ecology – C. townsand, J. L. Harper, M. Bagon
5. Conservation Biology- Hunter
6. Fundamentals of Ecology- E. P. Odum
7. Basic Ecology- E. P. Odum
8. Ecology: Principles and Applications- Chapman & Reiss
9. Environmental Biology- Park
10. Biodiversity- Wilson
Applied Zoology and Biostatistics
1. Pest Control- H. F. Vasn Emden
2. Applied Entomology- P. G. Fenemore, A Prakash
3. Freshwater Aquaculture- Santhanam et al.
4. Aquaculture- T. V. R. Pilley
5. Animal Husbendary- G. C. Banerjee
6. Sericulture & Silk Industry- D. C. Sarkar
7. Lac Culture- N. Ghorai
8. Bee keeping in India- ICAR
9. Economic Zoology- Shukla U[adhyay 10.Livestock &
Poultry Production- Singh and Moore 11.Insect Pest of
crop- S. Pradhan
12.Biostatistics: Principles and Practice – B. Antonisamy, S. Christopher, and P. P.
Samuel (Tata MaGraw-Hill Edition)
40