The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2008: T136709A16124462
Lepilemur tymerlachsoni, Nosy Be Sportive Lemur
Assessment by: Andriaholinirina, N. et al.
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Short citation: Andriaholinirina, N. et al. 2014. Lepilemur tymerlachsoni. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2014: e.T136709A16124462. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20141.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en [see full citation at end]
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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Lepilemuridae
Taxon Name: Lepilemur tymerlachsoni Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona,
Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper. Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa,
Rooney & Brenneman, 2006
Synonym(s):
• Lepilemur tymerlachsonorum Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona,
Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo et al., 2006 [illegitimate emendation]
Common Name(s):
• English:
Nosy Be Sportive Lemur, Hawks' Sportive Lemur
Taxonomic Notes:
Formerly, the sportive lemurs found on Nosy Bé were considered to be L. dorsalis. Zinner et al. (2007)
examined conflicting results in the genetic analysis of sportive lemurs in northwestern Madagascar,
those within in the range of what once considered to be Lepilemur dorsalis. Since the type localities of L.
dorsalis Gray, 1871 and L. grandidieri Forsyth Major, 1894, were both "Northwest Madagascar", the
proper name of one or two of the new species from the region (sahamalazensis, grewcockorum,
mittermeieri, tymerlachsonorum) could be either of these two. The true "dorsalis", as such, had not
been identified, and no attempt has been made to identify grandidieri, formerly a junior synonym of
dorsalis. Genetic analysis of the holotypes of dorsalis and grandidieri is needed to resolve this. Zinner et
al. (2007) indicated, therefore, that tymerlachsonorum and/or mittermeieri might be junior synonyms.
The original Latin species name was incorrectly emended from the original description (Hoffmann et al.
2009) in the mistaken belief that it was named after a husband and wife team, whereas it is not
anybody's name, but rather a compilation of different bits of names, hence it has no plural and should
be used in the original singular form.
Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006), all diagnosed
exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric, be treated with extreme caution until supporting data
are forthcoming.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria:
Critically Endangered B1ab(i,iii,v) ver 3.1
Year Published:
2014
Date Assessed:
July 11, 2012
Justification:
The extent of occurrence (EOO) of L. tymerlachsoni covers less than 75 km2. This geographic range is
severely fragmented and undergoing continuing decline in area, extent and quality of habitat. The
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lepilemur tymerlachsoni – published in 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en
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number of mature individuals is also known to be in decline. Based on these premises, the species is
listed as Critically Endangered.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
2008 – Data Deficient (DD)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
This species is found in northwestern Madagascar, confined to the Lokobe region on the island of Nosy
Bé. This may or may not be the species that formerly occurred on the island of Nosy Komba as well, but
in any case sportive lemurs have not been observed there in recent years (Mittermeier et al. 2010).
Zinner et al. (2007) found that some specimens from the mainland were identical in mtDNA to the type
of tymerlachsoni. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is highly restricted, estimated to be less than 75 km2.
Country Occurrence:
Native: Madagascar
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lepilemur tymerlachsoni – published in 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en
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Distribution Map
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lepilemur tymerlachsoni – published in 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en
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Population
Population numbers are in decline due to habitat loss.
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
This species inhabits primary and secondary tropical moist lowland forests that are subject to a dry
season each year. It appears to be more common in secondary forest. In dense primary forest this
species favours tree holes for sleeping, but will seek out vegetation tangles in more open deciduous
forest. It feeds on leaves, fruit, and bark. Births occur from August through November, mothers typically
producing a single young. Predators include the Madagascar Harrier-hawk and the Madagascar Buzzard
(Mittermeier et al. 2010 and references therein).
Systems: Terrestrial
Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information)
Individuals are caught by locals for illegal sale to tourists.
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
This species is threatened by habitat loss and degradation from unsustainable agricultural practices, as
well as unsustainable levels of hunting.
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
Listed on CITES Appendix I. In areas where logging has reduced the availability of sleeping sites,
researchers have provided nesting boxes. Individuals are still frequently caught by locals for illegal sale
to tourists. The only protected area in which it occurs is the Lokobe Strict Nature Reserve. Present in
Lokobe National Park. Further work is now urgently needed to clarify the distribution and taxonomic
limits of the recently described Lepilemur species.
Credits
Assessor(s):
Andriaholinirina, N., Baden, A., Blanco, M., Chikhi, L., Cooke, A., Davies, N., Dolch,
R., Donati, G., Ganzhorn, J., Golden, C., Groeneveld, L.F., Hapke, A., Irwin, M.,
Johnson, S., Kappeler, P., King, T., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Markolf, M., Mass, V.,
Mittermeier, R.A., Nichols, R., Patel, E., Rabarivola, C.J., Raharivololona, B.,
Rajaobelina, S., Rakotoarisoa, G., Rakotomanga, B., Rakotonanahary, J.,
Rakotondrainibe, H., Rakotondratsimba, G., Rakotondratsimba, M., Rakotonirina,
L., Ralainasolo, F.B., Ralison, J., Ramahaleo, T., Ranaivoarisoa, J.F., Randrianahaleo,
S.I., Randrianambinina, B., Randrianarimanana, L., Randrianasolo, H.,
Randriatahina, G., Rasamimananana, H., Rasolofoharivelo, T., Rasoloharijaona, S.,
Ratelolahy, F., Ratsimbazafy, J., Ratsimbazafy, N., Razafindraibe, H.,
Razafindramanana, J., Rowe, N., Salmona, J., Seiler, M., Volampeno, S., Wright, P.,
Youssouf, J., Zaonarivelo, J. & Zaramody, A.
Reviewer(s):
Schwitzer, C. & Molur, S.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lepilemur tymerlachsoni – published in 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en
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Facilitators(s) and
Compiler(s):
Chiozza, F. & Webber , A.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lepilemur tymerlachsoni – published in 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en
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Bibliography
Hoffmann, M., Grubb, P., Groves, C.P., Hutterer, R., van der Straeten, E., Simmons, N. & Bergmans, W.
2009. A synthesis of African and western Indian Ocean Island mammal taxa (Class: Mammalia) described
between 1988 and 2008: an update to Allen (1939) and Ansell (1989). Zootaxa 2205: 1-35.
IUCN. 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 12 June 2014).
Louis, E., Engberg, S., Lei, R., Geng, H., Sommer, J., Randriamampionona, R., Randriamanana, J.,
Zaonarivelo, J., Andriantompohavana, R., Randria, G., Prosper, Ramaromilanto, B., Rakotoarisoa, G.,
Rooney, A. and Brenneman, R. 2006. Molecular and morphological analyses of the sportive lemurs
(family Megaladapidae: genus Lepilemur) reveals 11 previously unrecognized species. Special
Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 49: 1 – 49.
Mittermeier, R.A., Louis Jr., E.E., Richardson, M., Schwitzer, C., Langrand, O., Rylands, A.B., Hawkins, F.,
Rajaobelina, S., Ratsimbazafy, J., Rasoloarison, R., Roos, C., Kappeler, P.M. and MacKinnon, J. 2010.
Lemurs of Madagascar. 3rd edition. Conservation International, Arlington, VA.
Tattersall, I. 2007. Madagascar's Lemurs: Cryptic diversity of taxonomic inflation. Evolutionary
Anthropology 16: 12-23.
Zinner, D., Roos, C., Fausser, J.-L., Groves, C. P. and Rumpler, Y. 2007. Disputed taxonomy classification of
sportive lemurs (Lepilemur) in NW Madagascar. Lemur News 12: 53-56.
Citation
Andriaholinirina, N., Baden, A., Blanco, M., Chikhi, L., Cooke, A., Davies, N., Dolch, R., Donati, G.,
Ganzhorn, J., Golden, C., Groeneveld, L.F., Hapke, A., Irwin, M., Johnson, S., Kappeler, P., King, T., Lewis,
R., Louis, E.E., Markolf, M., Mass, V., Mittermeier, R.A., Nichols, R., Patel, E., Rabarivola, C.J.,
Raharivololona, B., Rajaobelina, S., Rakotoarisoa, G., Rakotomanga, B., Rakotonanahary, J.,
Rakotondrainibe, H., Rakotondratsimba, G., Rakotondratsimba, M., Rakotonirina, L., Ralainasolo, F.B.,
Ralison, J., Ramahaleo, T., Ranaivoarisoa, J.F., Randrianahaleo, S.I., Randrianambinina, B.,
Randrianarimanana, L., Randrianasolo, H., Randriatahina, G., Rasamimananana, H., Rasolofoharivelo, T.,
Rasoloharijaona, S., Ratelolahy, F., Ratsimbazafy, J., Ratsimbazafy, N., Razafindraibe, H.,
Razafindramanana, J., Rowe, N., Salmona, J., Seiler, M., Volampeno, S., Wright, P., Youssouf, J.,
Zaonarivelo, J. & Zaramody, A. 2014. Lepilemur tymerlachsoni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2014: e.T136709A16124462. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en
Disclaimer
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External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lepilemur tymerlachsoni – published in 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en
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Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat
Season
Suitability
Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
Resident
Suitable
Yes
Use and Trade
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
End Use
Local
National
International
Pets/display animals, horticulture
No
No
No
Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Threat
Timing
Scope
Severity
Impact Score
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.1. Shifting
agriculture
Ongoing
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
Unknown
Stresses:
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
Ongoing
Unknown
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
5. Biological resource use -> 5.1. Hunting & trapping
terrestrial animals -> 5.1.1. Intentional use (species is
the target)
5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood
harvesting -> 5.3.5. Motivation
Unknown/Unrecorded
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Conservation sites identified: Yes, over entire range
Occur in at least one PA: Yes
In-Place Education
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lepilemur tymerlachsoni – published in 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en
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Conservation Actions in Place
Included in international legislation: Yes
Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes
Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.1. Taxonomy
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology
1. Research -> 1.5. Threats
Additional Data Fields
Distribution
Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 54-72
Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): Yes
Population
Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
Population severely fragmented: Yes
Habitats and Ecology
Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lepilemur tymerlachsoni – published in 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136709A16124462.en
8
The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.
The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International;
Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of
Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™