Comparison of Female Climbing
Perch Anabas testudineus Gonads
Maturity Stages That Compared
Between Natural Collect and
Intensive Cultivation
Bambang Setyo Sihananto
Jamilah Hayati
Hasbiannor
Mandiangin Freshwater Aquaculture Development
Center (MFADC)
[email protected]
Introduction
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Climbing perch is a Indonesia local specific fish
Papuyu in Banjar language
Have high economically value
Can not grow up because only depend on
natural collect
Now have grow up after spreading the
information from Mandiangin Freshwater
Aquaculture Development Center (MFADC)
with semi-artificial mating
Manually detection on ripe prime ovarium
with observation (visual) and abdominal
palpation
 Needs methods or technic that more
scientific acceptable.
 Needs knowledge with female climbing
perch character concerned fish total length
and body weight with gonad maturity
stages that refers to different sources and
feeding habits
(nature and intensive
cultivation).
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Climbing Perch (Papuyu/Betok)
◦ Generally usually find out in peat land, small river,
ditch and rice fields.
◦ In nature this fish is consume insect and small
animals that lives in the water.
◦ Have labirinth until inclined more adaptif with
low oxygen level
Figure 1.
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Gonads Maturity Stages
- Shows sexual maturity stages
- Gonads Maturity Stages depend on nature
(food sources and etc)
Materials and Methods
Materials :
 Tools that used is :
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Automatic Tissue Processor
Embedding Tissue Complete.
Tissue Float Baths.
Microtome
Microscope.
Fume Hood.
Staining jar
Nekropsy set
Materials that used is :
Climbing perch from nature and intesive
cultivation
 Ethanol absolute
 Buffered Neutral Formaldehyde (BNF 10%)
 Entellan
 Hematoxyillin
 Eosin
 Xylol
 Parafin
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Methods
Sample Collection
.
Sample collected and then selected from gender and
measuring length and weights
Tissue Necropsy
• Fish that had sex selected, weights and lengths
measurements, then doing necropsy, gonads collection
and measuring weights and length.
Tissue Processes
Fish Gonads sample put in the Tissue
Casette and fixated with Buffer Neutral
Formaldehyde 10% (BNF 10%) and then
put in Automatic Tissue Processor
 Sample blocked using Embedding Tissue
Complete (hot plate dan cold plate). Section
and triming using microtome, staining using
Hematoxyllin and Eosin and then mounting
with entellan.
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Fish sample from natural collect taken from
Jejangkit Village, Barito Kuala residence, Province of
South Kalimantan (Borneo), while fish sample from
intensive cultivation had taken from Mandiangin
Freshwater Aquaculture Development Center
(MFADC) and histology process had done on
testing laboratory with steps :
- Sample Collection.
- Necropsy.
- Tissue Processed.
Jejangkit Village,
Barito Kuala Regency
Results and Discussion
No.
Observation Criteria
Natural
Collect
Intensive
Cultivation
1.
Age (months)
8-10
5-6
2.
Feed pattern
Natural feed
Comercial feed
3.
Area condition
Brown muddy
Greenish clear
Before collecting sample that taken from 2
places, observation and interview to the
local farmer was taken.
 Sample collection firstly had taken from
Jejangkit Village Barito Kuala Regency that
next named as “natural collect” and second
sample
had taken from Mandiangin
Freshwater Aquaculture Development
Center that next named as a “intensive
cultivation fish sample”.
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Fish and Gonad Measurement From
Natural Collect
1.
160
70,3
Gonad
Length
(mm)
32
2.
150
58,5
31
1,95
3.
153
59,5
32
1,2
4.
150
61,5
30
1,4
5.
155
61,7
39
2,4
6.
143
52,7
30
1,4
7.
145
54,3
33
3,1
Average
150,85
59,84
32,42
2,02
No.
Fish Length Fish weight
(gr)
(mm)
Gonad
Weight (gr)
2,7
Measuring result on fish total length and
weight shows variation result, that is
natural collect sample have total length
range 143-160 mm with average is 150,85
mm. Weight range is 52,7-70,3 gram with
average is 59,84 gram
 Measuring to the gonad length and weight
that is, range of gonad length is 30-39 mm
with average is 32,42 mm and range of
gonad weigth is 1,2-3,1 gram with average
is 2,02 gram.
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Fish and Gonad Measurement From
Intensive Cultivation
1.
Fish length
(mm)
134
2.
113
24,1
19
0,1
3.
115
26,3
15
0,1
4.
119
30,5
23
0,8
5.
117
26,4
24
0,3
6.
104
20,6
17
0,9
7.
103
26,4
20
0,3
Average
115
27,81
20,42
0,48
No.
Fish weight
Gonad
(gr)
length (mm)
40,4
25
Gonad
Weght (gr)
0,9
Fishes from natural collect have age range
between 5-6 months with range of total
length 103-134 mm with average 115 mm.
 Weights of fish sample start from 20,6
gram until 40,4 gram with average is 27,81
gram.
 Natural collect fishes gonads have range
between 17-25 mm with average is 20,42
mm, whereas weight range is between 0,1
gram until 0,9 grams with weight average is
0,48 gram.
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Natural Collects Climbing
Perch Gonad Maturity Stages
Female climbing perch gonad number 1 with
magnificient 4x showing Gonad Maturity Stages IV.
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 1 with
Magnificient 10x showing Gonads Maturity Stage IV.
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 1 with
magnificient 40x showing Gonad Maturity Stage IV.
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Gonad Maturity Stages IV on female
climbing perch gonad appears from yolk
granules on sitoplasma and two layers of
oocyte walls.
Female climbing perch gonad’s number 2 with
magnificient 4x showing Gonad Maturity Stages III
Female Climbing Perch Gonad with magnificient
10x showing Gonad Maturity Stages III (late)
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 2 with
magnificient 40x showing Gonad Maturity Stage IV
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Stages III on climbing perch gonad number 2
appears from outgrow sel size and the
nucleoli provitilin that surrounds the
nucleus
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 3 with
magnificient 10x shows Gonad Maturity Stage II
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 3 with
magnificient 40x showing Gonad Maturity Stage II
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Female Gonad Maturity Stages II appears
from clear blue staining nucleus with
Hematoxylin and Eosin and still at the
middle
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 4 with
magnificient 40x shows Gonad Maturity Stage III (late)
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 5 with
magnificient 40x showing Gonad Maurity Stage IV
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Maturity stages IV apears from yolk
granules on cytoplasme
Female Climmbing Perch Gonad number 6 with
magnificient 40x showing Gonad Maturity Stage III
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 7 with
magnificient 40x showing Gonad Maturity stage V
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Climbing Perch Gonads Maturity Stages
number 7 showing stage V appears from oosit
size rised and nucleus appears at periphery,
also yolk globules appears at the cytoplasme.
From all female climbing perch gonad from
natural collect that had histology observation
to examines Gonad Maturity Stages, the
average shows stages IV with characteristic
folicle cells and oocyte rise and nucleoli
provitillin surrounds the nucleus, also yolk
granules fufill the cytoplasme.
Climbing Perch Gonads samples
from Intensive Cultivation
Female Climbing Perch Gonad Number 1 with
Magnificient 40x Shows Gonad Maturity Stage Late
III/Early IV
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Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 3
from intensive cultivation shows stage II
(early) with characteristics oogonia
surrounding by 1 (one) layer epitel cell,
pink with hematoxyllin and Eosin and big
nucleus on the middle.
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Gonad Maturity Stages shows maturity
scales III with Provitilin nucleoli surround
nucleus.
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 2 with
magnificient 40x showing Gonad Maturity Stage I
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 3 with
magnificient 40x showing Gonad Maturity Stage II
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 4 with
magnificient 40x showing Gonad Maturity Stage II
(late).
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Climbing Perch Gonad number 4 above
shows stage II (late) marks with nucleus
euvitylin (provitilin nucleoli) that grown
up and surrounding nucleus membrane
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 5 with
magnificient 10x shows Gonad Maturity Stage I
Female Climbing Perch Gonad number 6 showing
Gonad Maturity Stage IV.
From all female climbing perch gonad from
intensive cultivation that had histology
observation to examines Gonad Maturity Stages,
the average shows stages I-II with characteristic
big nucleus at the middle, folicle cells and oocyte
rise and nucleoli provitillin surrounds the nucleus.
 From whole observation shows that climbing
perch Gonad Maturity Stages from intensive
cultivation shows stages I and IV and if compared
to the Female Climbing Perch Gonad Maturity
Stages from Natural Collect shows the higher
averages than intensive cultivation, because of one
of the gonad stage is in stage V.
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Nutrition factors or feeding are influenced
to the Gonad Maturity Stage development.
 That is not the only one as determining
factor, there is
another factors that
influenced to the fish gonad maturity
stages, specially for the non domesticated
fishes (natural collect fishes) .
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Can we see that even fish length average
or weight and gonad length average and
weight from natural collect is higher than
intensive cultivation climbing perch.
If we corellate the Gonad Maturity Stages
data based on histology observation, there
is corellation between fishes length and
weight average and gonad length and weight
average with Gonad Maturity Stages.
 Even ages, and all of the averages data from
cultivation fishes is lower than natural
collect, the gap is not too far, internal and
external factor is so influence.
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Obseravation on P. P. Srivastava et al. 2014 study
is fat diet on fish feed have direct corelation
with fecundity and cellular modification on
brood ovaries.
 It is depend on environment factors, like every
thing
on
environment,
temperature,
photoperiod, rainfall, and etc that knowing have
significantly playing role to gonadotropic activity
from pituitary gland that have triggering gonad
development. (Lin and Peter, 1996 in Rinku
gogoi et al.,2013).
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Ghaedi et al 2013 descripted, time needed to develop
on Concrete/cement ponds to reach first sexual
maturity is 8 months with 215,0 gram weight. It”s
confirm with recent report that explained first sexual
mature reach from 9 to 11 months on the nature
(Cabrita et al. 2008;Wee 1982;Alikunhi, 1953)
Macroscopic and histologycal analysis on oocytes
development shows first sexual maturity reach at early
8 month, comparing with developmental at fish ponds
and wild fish that need at least 11 months, if consume
good quality food. (Ghaedi, 2013).
Oocytes development following the same general pattern
at almost all of the teleostei (Maddock and Burton 1999,
Knuckey and Sivakumaran 2001).Arockiaraj et al.2004),
Exogen factors knowing playing regulatory role on
physiology reproduction of the tilapia including light
intensity, water temperature, moon cycle, brood size and
age, food nutrition, protein diet level, and lipid diet level (P.
P. Srivastava et al. 2014).
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Methods from each reproduction cycle synchronized
with environment cycle also depend on species specific.
Between exogen factors that influences reproduction
cycle, temperature and photoperiod appeared most
important. Newest, photoperiod consider to be more
important, but furthermore study revealed that
photoperiod is not independent from nature
temperature, and if separated it will be absurb.
Conclusion and Suggestion
Conclusion
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Climbing Perch Gonad Maturity Stages from natural
collect have stages variation from II until V
Climbing Perch Gonad Maturity Stages from intensive
cultivation have variation stages from I until IV.
Climbing perch that have total length 145 mm, weight 54,3
gram, gonad length 33 mm and gonad weight 3,1 gram.
That is strong corellation between ages, total length and
fish weight and length and gonad weight with Climbing
Perch Gonad Maturity Stages.
Cultivation pattern of the Climbing Perch with intensive
systems with comercial feed on growth period can
influences female climbing perch gonad maturity
development.
Continue....
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Internals and external factors is an important factors for
the gonad maturity, ripening, spawning and also oocytes
spent.
External factors e.g. : Lipid diets, Protein diets,
Photoperiod, Temperature, Light intensity, Dissolved
Oxygen etc.
Internal factors e.g. : Pituitary (FSH and LH Hormones),
Age and Size.
Suggestion
to avoid wrongness or refraction, In the
future is need an equal female climbing
perch measurement, weight and also ages.
 Needs more deeper studies to histology
analyst and supervisor specially on fisheries.

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