Nomenclature
non-metal
non-metal
Ionic
metal
non-metal
Molecular
aqueous
Acid
metal
hydrogen compound
Naming simple ionic compounds
Name each ion.
Cation is named first.
KF
potassium fluoride
Ca(NO3)2
calcium nitrate
Na2OOCCOO
sodium oxalate
Ionic: Formula from name
Use drop and switch
magnesium chloride
Mg
2+
Cl
MgCl2
-
calcium sulfate
2-
Ca 2+ SO4
CaSO4
Multivalent ions
Ions of an element that can have more than one
charge are called multivalent ions.
Cu can form either Cu+ or Cu2+
Ion listed first is the most common for that element.
Names:
Cu+ is called copper (I)
Cu2+ is called copper (II)
lead (IV) sulfate
Pb
4+
2-
SO4
Pb(SO4)2
Use brackets when more than one polyatomic ion.
Practise
Hydrates
Many ionic substances absorb water
molecules from the air like a sponge.
Specific numbers of water molecules fit
around the ionic crystals.
CuSO4•5H2O
5 water molecules fit
around each CUSO
4
Naming:
CuSO4•5H2O
Name normally
Use prefix for number
followed by hydrate
copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
Or:
CuSO4•5H2O
Name normally
-number-water
copper (II) sulfate-5-water
Ex:
NaNO •10H O
3
2
sodium nitrate decahydrate
sodium nitrate-10-water
Molecular rules
Types of molecular:
• elements
• binary molecular
• memorized
Elements
Names are the element names.
• Diatomic (“magic 7”) O2, N2, H2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
• P4 and S8
• All others are monatomic
Prefix
Number of Atoms
mono
1
di
2
tri
3
tetra
4
penta
5
hexa
6
septa
7
octa
8
nona
9
deca
10
Binary molecular
Two non-metal elements combine to make a
molecule. Ex: H2O
• name first element with prefix for number
(omit mono if one)
• change ending of second element to “ide”,
with prefix (including mono if one)
Ex: SO3
sulfur trioxide
Ex: N2I5
dinitrogen pentaiodide
Memorized
See page 34.
Know formula and states.
Acids
Acids are hydrogen compounds
dissolved in water.
(aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water)
Rules
Name as if an ionic substance and convert name to acid name.
• hydrogen ________ide becomes hydro________ic acid
• hydrogen ________ate becomes _________ic acid
• hydrogen ________ite becomes _________ous acid
• hydrogen ________ide becomes hydro________ic acid
• hydrogen ________ate becomes _________ic acid
• hydrogen ________ite becomes _________ous acid
HBr(aq)
hydrogen brom ide
hydro
ic acid
• hydrogen ________ide becomes hydro________ic acid
• hydrogen ________ate becomes _________ic acid
• hydrogen ________ite becomes _________ous acid
H3PO4(aq)
hydrogen phosph ate
ic acid
• hydrogen ________ide becomes hydro________ic acid
• hydrogen ________ate becomes _________ic acid
• hydrogen ________ite becomes _________ous acid
H2SO3(aq)
hydrogen sulf ite
ous acid