www.SyntheticTurfCouncil.org
SuggestedGuidelinesforthe
EssentialElementsof
SyntheticTurfSystems
RevisedNovember2011
www.SyntheticTurfCouncil.org
SuggestedGuidelinesfortheEssentialElements
ofSyntheticTurfSystems
FirstPrintingMay2003
FirstRevisionMay2004
SecondRevisionFebruary2006
ThirdRevisionMay2007
FourthRevisionMay2008
FifthRevisionNovember2011
Copyright©2011bytheSyntheticTurfCouncil
400GalleriaParkway,Suite1500
Atlanta,GA30339
Nopartofthisdocumentmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage or
retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the
SyntheticTurfCouncil,exceptbyareviewerwhowishestoquotebriefpassagesinareview written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper or broadcast. The Synthetic Turf
Councilisanon-pro it,educationalorganizationandpossessesallrightspertainingtothis
publication.
www.SyntheticTurfCouncil.org
Preface
TheSyntheticTurfCouncil(STC)wasformedtoguidetheselectionanduseofsynthetic
turfsystems.TheSTCisanon-pro itassociationdedicatedtoaddressingthedesireofthe
industrytoenhanceitsreputationforquality.Ithopestoearnsupportbydevelopingdocuments that facilitate communication and good business practice between all parties to
thesyntheticturfsystemsincludingowners,selectionteams,architects,designers,speci iers, consultants, testing laboratories, suppliers, manufacturers, installation and maintenancecontractors,etc.Everyattemptwillbemadetodispenseinformationthatisunbiased,objective,andinthebestinterestofallthepartiesandtheuser/ownerinparticular.
The STC also suggests the utilization of standards and test methods that already exist,
whenever applicable, to generategreater understanding in the selection and use of syntheticturfsystemsdomesticallyandinternationally.TheSTCofferstoserveasaneutral
platformwhereallelementsoftheindustrycandiscuss,mediateorresolveissues.
TheinitialundertakingbytheSyntheticTurfCouncilhasbeenthedevelopmentofguidelinesforessentialelementstobeincludedinanobjectivenon-proprietaryspeci icationfor
syntheticturfsystems.Minimumssuggestedintheseguidelinesseektoimprovethelevel
ofcon idenceintheprocessofselectingsyntheticturfsystemsbyowner/user/clients,selectionteamsanddesignprofessionals.Thisdocumentfacilitatesaclearerunderstanding
byallthepartiesoftheirexpectationsandthedeliveryofsystems,products,andservices
in order to promote genuine satisfaction by the user/owners of synthetic turf systems.
These guidelines developed by the STC are a continual work in progress and may be
changedatanytimethroughanorderlyprocessthataccommodatesconsiderationofdocumented input. While this document contains minimums, it promotes the use of all systemsthatnotonlymeetorexceedthoseminimums,butalsoencouragesinnovation.
The development of documents like these suggested guidelines is intended to facilitate
constructiveinputandforgeacooperativeatmospherebetweenusersandproducers.The
STCinvitesusers,professionals,manufacturers,riskmanagers,schoolof icials,sportsauthorities,contractorsand/ortherepresentativeassociationsofthesesegmentstoutilize
thesesuggestedguidelines.
www.SyntheticTurfCouncil.org
SuggestedGuidelinesfortheEssentialElementsof
SyntheticTurfSystems
TableofContents
Introduction 1
1. General 1

TerminologyDe inition 1

Abbreviations
2. Scope
3
4

SyntheticTurfTypes
4

Fiber
4

PrimaryBackingSystems
4

SecondaryBackingSystems
4

Perforations
5

In illMaterials
5
3. PerformanceEvaluationofSyntheticTurf
7

Player-SurfaceInterface
7

Ball-SurfaceInterface
8

Appearance
8

QualityControl 8

Warranty 8

Maintenance
10

WorkApprovals,ExtraMaterials,Storage
10
4. EvaluationofSystemComponents
11

DrainageSystem
11

BaseMaterials
12

ShockAbsorbingResilientUnderlaymentSystems
13

IrrigationSystem
15

SyntheticTurf
15

In illMaterial
17

LinesandMarkings
18

Inserts
19
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TableofContents(continued)
5. ConstructionandInstallation 20

Inspection
20

Sub-gradePreparation 20

Aggregate
20

ShockAbsorbingResilientUnderlaymentSystems
22

IrrigationSystems
22

SyntheticTurfMaterialProductionQA/QC
24

SyntheticTurfInstallation
24

In illMaterialInstallation
25

FiberConditioning
25
6. Maintenance
26

General 26

MaintenanceMonitoring
27

Cleaning 27

StainRemoval
27

Brushing 27

SeamRepair
27
7. Post-InstallationTesting
27

Schedule 27

g-Max
27

InspectionofSeamsandOtherInstallationFeatures 27

GoverningOrganizations
27
AppendixA—TestsandGuidelines
28

Table1:BaseMaterials 29

Table2:TurfCharacteristicsforTuftedIn illSystems
30

Table3:TurfCharacteristicsforKnittedNylonSystems
31

Table4:TurfCharacteristicsforTuftedPP,PEorNylonSystems
32

Table5:In illProperties
33

Table6:ShockPadLayerProperties 33

Table7:PerformanceGuidelines
33
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TableofContents(continued)
AppendixB—ReferenceSpeci ications,Typical 34

Chart1:In illedSyntheticTurfSpeci ication 35

Chart2:ConventionalKnittedSyntheticTurfSpeci ication 36

Chart3:ConventionalTuftedSyntheticTurfSpeci ication 37

Chart4:ShockPad,Pre-fabricatedPadSystemsSpeci ication
38

Chart5:ShockPad,InsituSystemsSpeci ication
38
Legend—ProvidersofSyntheticTurfSystems
39
Disclaimer
41
AbouttheSyntheticTurfCouncil 41
www.SyntheticTurfCouncil.org
Introduction
Thisdocumentintendstoprovidereliableguidelinesthataddresstheneedforessential
elements to be included in an objective non-proprietary speci ication for synthetic turf
systems.Theminimumssuggestedintheseguidelinesseektoimprovethelevelofcon idenceoftheowner/user/client,selectionteamanddesignprofessionalinthespecifying
andselectionofsyntheticturfsystems.Adoptionoftheprovisionsinthisdocumentisvoluntary;however,whenutilized,theycanassistallpartiesinvolvedwiththeselection,design, supply and service of the systems, to generate a clearer understanding of the expectedperformance,thedeclareduse,theinclusionsandexclusionsandthewarrantycoverageofsyntheticturfsystems.Whilethesesuggestedguidelinescontainminimums,they
arenotintendedtosti leinnovation.Enhancements,qualityupgradesandproveninnovationsareencouragedtogeneratefeaturesthatenhancetheperformancecharacteristicsof
thesystem.
1.General
1.1
Thesesuggestedguidelinesprovidereliabletoolsfortheselectionofsyntheticturf
systemsrelativetotheirdeclareduseandexpectedperformance.
1.2
Thedocumentisnotintendedtoreplacedetailedplansandspeci ications.Theprovisionscontainedhereinmustbeaugmentedbydetailsspeci ictotheprojectdesign, the job site, local environmental factors and all applicable laws, regulations
andcodesbeforethe inalspeci icationcanbeconsideredcomprehensive.
1.3
Thoseadoptingorutilizingtheprovisionsinthisdocumenthavetheobligationto
determinetheirfullcompliancewithallapplicableinternational,federal,stateand
locallaws,regulations,andcodes.Thesesuggestedguidelinesarenotintendedto
modifythatobligationortoserveasasubstituteforcompliance.
1.4
AllProvidersofthecomponentsofthesystemsshouldmaintainacomprehensive
qualitycontrolprogramtoassurethatthecomponentsmeetthesuggestedguidelines.
1.5
Thesesuggestedguidelinesareacontinualworkinprogressandmaybechanged
withoutnoticetoaccommodatedocumentedinformationjustifyingsuchchanges.
1.6
Terminologyde initionsarespeci ictothisdocument.
1.6.1 Base Materials: Materials that provide porosity and stability such as
crushedaggregateorporouspavement.
1.6.2 Denier:Theweightingramsof9,000metersof iber
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1.6.3 DrainageSystem:Amethodofremovingsurfaceandsubsurfacemoisture/
water.
1.6.4 Fiber: A speci ic form of ibrous textile material that has a length at least
100timesitsdiameterorwidth.
1.6.5 Fiber Thickness: A measurement in microns (metric) or mils. (U.S.) of the
thinnestcrosssectionofa iber.
1.6.6 g-Max: A measurement of impact (shock absorption) in terms of gravity
unitsasaratioofdeceleration.
1.6.7 In ill:Looselydispersedmaterialsthatareaddedtothesyntheticturfsystem,typicallysand,rubber,othersuitablematerial,oracombinationthereof.
1.6.8 Knitted:Aprocessinwhichtheyarn ibersofthepilearetiedtothebacking
whichwassimultaneouslyconstructedbytransformingcontinuousstrands
ofmulti- ilamentsintoaseriesofinterlockingloops,eachrowofsuchloops
hangingfromtherowimmediatelyprecedingit.
1.6.9 WaterPermeability:Therateatwhichwater lowsthroughasurfaceorsystemcross-sectionorcomponentsofthecross-section.
1.6.10 Planarity:Uniformityofthesurfaceascomparedtocertain ixedpredeterminedpointsorprescribedslopes.
1.6.11 PrimaryBackingSystem:Asingleormultiplelayersofwovenornon-woven
materials,intowhichthe iberiseithertuftedorknitted,toprovidetheinitialconstructionofthesyntheticturf.
1.6.12 Secondary Backing System: A coating and/or woven or non-woven fabric
layer(s)appliedtotheprimarybackingafterthe iberpilehasbeentufted
or knitted into place, which serves to enhance tuft bind and provide additionalstructuralintegrity.
1.6.13 ShockAbsorbingSystem:Component(s)thataddresiliencytothesystem.
1.6.14 Sub-grade:Astabilizedfoundationontowhichthebasematerialsand ield
systemsareinstalled.
1.6.15 SyntheticPileFiber:Grass-likebladesmadeofsyntheticmaterials.
1.6.16 SyntheticTurfSystems:Thesesystemsarecomprisedof(a)syntheticgrasslikesurfacepiles,tuftedorknittedintoaprimarybackingsystemtowhicha
secondarybackingsystemhasbeenapplied;withorwithoutin illmaterial
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(s); (b) a shock absorbing system, and (c) suitable base materials with an
appropriatedrainagesystem.
1.6.17 Tufted: A process by which the iber yarns that form the pile are inserted
intoapreviouslypreparedblanket-likeprimarybacking.
1.6.18 AtInstallation:Aperiodoftimeclosetothecompletiondateoftheturfinstallation,butnottoexceed30days.
1.7
Abbreviationsreferencedinthebodyofthisdocument.
1.7.1 AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM)
1.7.2 DeutschesInstitutfü rNormung(DIN)
1.7.3 FederationofInternationalFootballAssociation(FIFA)
1.7.4 InternationalHockeyFederation(FIH)
1.7.5 Fé dé rationInternationaledeRugbyAmateur(FIRA)
1.7.6 InternationalAmateurAthleticFederation(IAAF)
1.7.7 NationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)
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2.Scope
Themakeupofthecomponentsandtheelementstobeincluded,ornottobeincluded,are
determinedbythedesign,useandexpectedperformanceofthesystem.
2.1
SyntheticTurfTypes:Thereareseveraldifferenttypesofsyntheticturfavailable.
Theyaredistinguishablethroughtheuseofdifferent ibersanddifferentconstruction.Differentiatedbyconstructionarethetuftedortheknittedsyntheticturfsystems.Bothsystemsarecomprisedofsynthetic iberswithprimaryandsecondary
backingsystemsandaresilientshockabsorbingsystem.Theshockabsorbingsystemcanconsistofin ill,apaddingsystem,oracombinationofboth.
2.2
Fiber: Typically, the iber used in synthetic turf is textured and/or non-textured
polypropylene,polyester,polyethylene,nylonorothersuitableperforminghybrid
orcopolymerintapeformormono ilament.Minimum ibersizesare50microns
forpolypropyleneorpolyester,100micronsfortapeform(slit- ilm)polyethylene,
140-300formono ilamentpolyethylene(shapedependent)and500denierfornylon.Fibersizesforhybridsorcopolymerwillcomplywiththemostcloselyrelated
iber type. Ideally, all ibers should be of the same chemical composition, shape,
andtexture.FibersshouldbecomplianttoASTMguidelinefortotalleadcontent.
Mono ilament
Tapeform(slit- ilm)
2.3
PrimaryBackingSystemsMaterial:Theprimarybackingmaterialsareofawoven
ornon-wovenfabricinoneormorelayerswhichareutilizedinthetuftingprocess,
or of high strength polyester multi- ilament iber utilized in the knitting process.
Thisbackingmaterialprovidestheinitialdimensionalstabilityforthesystem.
2.4
SecondaryBackingSystemsMaterial:Thesecondarybackingmaterialsareapplied
throughacoatingprocesswithasingleormultipleapplicationsofoneorvarious
materials.
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2.4.1 Typically, knitted turf fabric receives an initial acrylic coating followed by
differentoptionsofpolyurethane,latex,othersuitablecoatingsorfabricsin
variousweightandthicknesscon igurations,dependingonindividualsystem
design.Thesecondarybackingutilizedinknittedturfsystemsprovidesadditionalstructuralintegritytothesystem.
2.4.2 A tufted fabric typically receives a suitable coating of polyurethane, latex,
othercoatingsorfabricsinvariousweightandthicknesscon igurations,dependingonindividualsystemdesign.Thesecondarybackingprovidesanadditional level of tuft bind, bundle encapsulation and structural integrity to
the synthetic turf. Should an increased level of system performance be desired,multiplelayersofsecondarybackingmaterialswithdifferentphysical
characteristicscouldbeapplied.
2.5
Perforations: Depending on the inal construction of the turf system, the system
mayormaynotbepermeabletowater.Perforationsaretypicallyrequiredoffully
coatedsystembackingstoprovideadequateverticaldrainagethroughoutthesystem.Someturfsystemsmayallowfordrainagewithoutperforationsbyemploying
aprocessofpartialcoatingorothersystemdesigns.Developmentsincoatingsystemshaveprovidedforlighterweightandaqueouspermeablechemicals;however,
thedrainagecriteriamustbemet.
2.6
In illMaterials:Themostrecentgenerationofsyntheticturfsystemsutilizesalong
pileheightandneedstobesupportedwithin illmaterialsfordirectionalstability
and structural integrity, as well as resiliency. The in ill materials commonly used
aresand,rubber,othersuitablematerials,orcombinationsthereof.
2.6.1 EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) is a polymer elastomer with
highresistancetoabrasionandwearandwillnotchangeitssolidformunder high temperatures. Typical EPDM colors are green and tan. EPDM has
provenitsdurabilityasanin illproductinalltypesofclimates.Itsexcellent
elasticitypropertiesandresistancetoatmosphericandchemicalagentsprovideastable,highperformancein illproduct.
2.6.2 TPE(Thermoplasticelastomer)in illisnon-toxic,heavymetalfree,availableinavarietyofcolorsthatresistfading,verylonglasting,and100%recyclableandreusableasin illwhenthe ieldisreplaced.TPEin ill,whenutilizingvirgin-basedresins,willofferconsistentperformanceandexcellentgmaxoverawidetemperaturerange.
2.6.3 Organics:Thereareseveralorganicin illsavailableintheNorthAmerican
market,allutilizingdifferentorganiccomponents,suchasnaturalcorkand/
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orground ibersfromtheoutsideshellofthecoconut.Theseproductscan
beutilizedinprofessionalsportsapplicationsaswellasforlandscaping.At
theendofitslifecycleitcanberecycleddirectlyintotheenvironment.
2.6.4 SilicaSand:Puresilicasandisoneoftheoriginalin illingmaterialsutilized
insyntheticturf.Thisproductisanaturalin illthatisnon-toxic,chemically
stable and fracture resistant. Silica sand in ills are typically tan, off-tan or
whiteincolorand—dependinguponplantlocation—mayberoundorsubroundinparticleshape.Asanaturalproductthereisnopossibilityofheavy
metals,andthedust/turbidityratingislessthan100.Itcanbeusedinconjunctionwithmanyotherin illsonthemarkettoprovideasafeandmore
realisticplayingsurface.Theroundshapeplaysanintegralpartinthesyntheticturfsystem.Itisimportantthatsilicasandhaveahighpurity(greater
than90%)toresistcrushingandabsorptionofbacteriaandother ieldcontaminants. Silica sand can either be coated with different materials as a
standaloneproductorcanbeusedto irmupincombinationwithtraditionalcrumbrubberin illsystems.
2.6.5 Coated Silica Sand: This class of in ill consists of coated, high-purity silica
sandwitheitherasoftorrigidcoatingspeci icallyengineeredforsynthetic
turf.Thesecoatingsareeitherelastomericoracrylicinnature(non-toxic)
andformabondwiththesandgrainsealingitfrombacteriatoprovidesuperior performance and durability over the life of a ield. Coated sand is
availableinvarioussizestomeettheapplication’sneeds.
2.6.6 CrumbRubber:CrumbRubberisderivedfromscrapcarandtrucktiresthat
aregroundupandrecycled.Twotypesofcrumbrubberin illexist:Ambient
and Cryogenic. Together these make up the most widely used in ill in the
syntheticsports ieldandlandscapemarket.Crumbrubberin illissubstantiallymetalfree,and,accordingtotheSTC’s GuidelinesforCrumbRubberInillUsedinSyntheticTurfFields, should not contain liberated iber in an
amountthatexceeds.01%ofthetotalweightofcrumbrubber,or.6lbs.per
ton.
2.6.7 CoatedRubber:Bothambientandcryogenicrubbercanbecoatedwithcolorants,sealers,oranti-microbialsubstancesifdesired.Coatedrubberprovidesadditionalaestheticappeal,reductionofdustbyproductsduringthe
manufacturingprocessandcompleteencapsulationoftherubberparticle.
2.6.8 Hybrid: Constitutes the use of sand, rubber, or other suitable materials in
variouscombinations.(Thisshouldnotbeconfusedwithhybridcarpetsystemsthatconsistofacombinationof ibertypes.)
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3.PerformanceEvaluationofSyntheticTurf
(ForTestsandCriteria,refertoAppendixA,Tables1-7)
3.1
Player-Surface Interaction: Player-surface interaction describes the performance
characteristics of the ield that relate to footing, shock absorbency, surface abrasion, and surface stability, for example. These characteristics are determined
through testing for vertical deformation, force reduction, traction, slip resistance,
energyrestitution,andabrasiveness,amongothers.Propershoeselectionisanimportantfactorinthewayaplayerinteractswiththeplayingsurface.
3.1.1 Traction: The surface should provide good traction in all types of weather
with the use of conventional athletic type shoes applicable to the sports
and/oractivityspeci ied.
3.1.2 RotationalResistance:Thesurfaceshouldallowfortwistingmovementsas
is common in athletic activities. Rotational resistance measures the ability
oftheusertoperformtwistingmotionswhenincontactwiththesurface.
3.1.3 Slip Resistance Component: The system should enable a predictable range
ofmovementbetweentheuserandthesurfaceuniformlythroughout.The
surface should balance traction and slippage by way of the sliding coef icient.
3.1.4 SurfaceAbrasiveness:The ieldsurfaceshouldhave ibersandin illmaterialsthatminimizeskinabrasions.
3.1.5 ImpactAttenuation(g-max):The ieldsurfaceshouldhavetheabilitytoadequatelyabsorbplayerimpactwiththesurface.Theg-maxandforcereductiontestsaretwoteststypicallyused.ThecurrentASTMstandardforg-max
isamaximumvalueof200ateachtestpoint.g-Maxvaluesmayvaryfrom
locationtolocationonaplayingsurface.Suchvariancesshallbetakeninto
accountwhensettingmaximumtestvalues.Amaximum,not-to-exceedlimit, should be speci ied for the life of the warranty. The STC’s guideline is
thatg-maxshouldbebelow165forthelifeofthe ield.
3.1.6 Surface Stability (vertical deformation): The surface should provide adequatestabilitysothattheathletecanmaintainbodycontroltohelpprevent
orproperlycontrolcontactbetweenathletes.Thisisanimportantconsiderationthatshouldbebalancedwiththesurfaces’abilitytoabsorbimpact.If
thesurfaceistoosoft,thestabilityprovidedbythe ieldmaynotbeoptimal
forplayermovementandbodycontrol.
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3.2
Ball-Surface Interaction: Ball-surface interaction describes the performance characteristicsofthe ieldthatrelatetothewaysinwhichtheballreactstothesurface.
The ieldsurfaceshouldprovideconsistentandpredictableballperformancereactioncharacteristics.
3.2.1 Surface Uniformity: The synthetic turf playing ield should be as level as
practical. The synthetic surface shall provide a true and uniform playing
surfacethroughout.
3.2.2 BallBounce:Thesyntheticturf ieldshouldprovideaballbounceascloseto
the optimal playing characteristics of the sport or sports. The published
standards for the regulatory organizations as applicable for each sport
shouldbereferenced.Thechoiceof ibertypeandin illcombinationcanaffect ball bounce and in some cases promote greater “in ill splash” which
maynotbedesirabledependingontheactivityandlevelofcompetition.
3.2.3 BallRoll:Thesyntheticturf ieldshouldprovideaballrollasclosetooptimalplayingcharacteristicsoftheintendedsportorsports.Thechoiceof ibertypeandin illcombinationaswellasthelevelandtypeofmaintenance
canaffectballroll.Thepublishedstandardsfortheregulatoryorganizations
asmaybeapplicableforeachsportshouldbereferenced.
3.3
Appearance:Unlessotherwisedictatedbydesign,thesyntheticturfshouldhavea
consistentcolor,texture,andshadewithoutsigni icantlynoticeablestreaksorotherirregularitieswhenobservedinanydirection.
3.4
Quality Control: The synthetic turf systems builder’s quality control program
shouldbeevaluatedwiththesystem.Thereshouldbeanunderstandingbetween
theownerandthesyntheticturfsystemsbuilderrelativetotheinitialinstallation
andongoingtestingresponsibility,methods,andprotocol.Attheowner’soptionan
independent third party testing agency or laboratory experienced with synthetic
turfshouldtestforcomplianceandacceptance.
3.5
Warranty: All of the proposed warranty documents should be obtained and the
contentthoroughlyreviewedtoensureadequatecoverageiscontainedtherein.
3.5.1 Warrantor: The history and warranty performance of each warrantor
shouldbeobjectivelyresearched.
3.5.2 Importantconsiderationsinreviewingsyntheticturfsystemwarrantiesare:
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
Whowillbehonoringthewarrantywhenthe ieldiscompleted?

Isthewarrantypro-ratedornotpro-ratedbasedontheageofthe ield?
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
Whatisthedurationofthewarranty(3years,5years,other)

Has each system component been clearly de ined and/or described in the
speci icationandwarranty?

Whatisspeci icallyincludedorexcludedandwhatisnotmentionedorcovered?

Arethereanylimitationsastonotice,expiration,extenuatingcircumstances
ornatureoftheremedy?

Can inalwarrantiesbechangedunilaterallywithoutmutualconsent?

Havethepossibilitiesofknownriskstotheusersofthesystembeenstated
inwriting?

What conditions can void the warranty; e.g. the lack of routine, incorrect
maintenance,ortheuseofunapprovedmaintenanceequipment?

Whatmonitoringmeasuresareacceptabletoallparties?
3.5.3 Warrantiesforthesyntheticturf ieldsystemsshouldbeclearlyunderstood
andmayincludethefollowing:

Acceptableusesforthe ield

Expectednumberofyearlyhoursofuseofthe ield

Typeofshoesused

Fading

Colormatchwithinspeci ications

Excessive iberwear

Acceptablelossofpileheightovertime

Wrinklingandpanelmovement

Shockabsorbency(g-max)

Seamintegrity

Drainage

Responsetimeforrequiredrepairs/replacement

Approvedmaintenanceequipment

Otheritemsdeemedrelevant
3.5.4 Severalpartiesmaybeinvolvedinprovidingthe inishedsystem.Theremay
beblanketwarrantycoverageoreachparty;i.e.,vendor,supplier,manufacturer, installation and maintenance contractor may provide separate and
limitedcoveragethatshouldbeclearlyde ined.Itshouldalsobeclearexact-
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lywhocoverswhat,withspecialattentiongiventothecoverageoftheturf
iberasitrelatestopossibledamageduringthetufting,coating,installation
andmaintenanceprocesses.
3.5.5 Quali ication:Considerationshouldbegiventotheexperienceandquali ication of the manufacturer and installation contractor of the synthetic turf
system,andtheirmaintenanceandrepairpersonnel.
3.6
Maintenance: Maintaining a synthetic turf ield is essential for optimum appearance,safety,playingperformance,and ieldlongevity.Aregularscheduleofmaintenanceshouldincludesurfacecleaning,debrisremoval,grooming,andin illreplenishment, redistribution, and de-compaction. The maintenance procedures and
equipment, as speci ied by the synthetic turf system builder and required for the
system, should be evaluated during the selection process so that the appropriate
budget resources for manpower and equipment may be allocated. Note: Refer to
the Synthetic Turf Council’s GuidelinesfortheMaintenanceofIn illedSyntheticTurf
Surfaces,January2013,foradditionalinformation.
3.7
Other Considerations: Provisions that could prevent a breakdown in communicationoradelayintheprocessshouldbeincluded.
3.7.1 Review and approvals prior to work: The synthetic turf systems builder,
withoutliabilityorlegalresponsibilityforthebase(unlessthebaseispart
oftheirscopeofwork)shouldperformaninspectionofthe ieldplanarity
baseontowhichthesyntheticturfsystemistobeinstalledandtoexamine
the inishedsurfaceforrequiredcompaction,waterpermeability,andgrade
tolerances.Afteranydiscrepanciesbetweentherequiredmaterials,application and tolerance requirements noted have been corrected, the owner’s
representative(architect/engineer)shouldreviewandapproveforcompliance with documents. The acceptance of the base construction should be
includedinthecerti icationforwarrantyvalidation.
3.7.2 ExtraMaterials:Uponrequestandagreedcompensationpriortothemanufacturing of the ield, the synthetic turf manufacturer and installation contractor can provide extra sections of synthetic turf material for future repairs.Ifnecessary,thisshouldincludematerialsforallcolorsusedwithany
lines,markings,andlogos.Quantitiestobepredetermined.Thisallowsfor
materialsfromthesamemanufacturingruntobeutilizedforminorrepairs.

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Storage:ExtraMaterialsshouldbestoredunrolledoutsidesothatanyfadingasaresultofUVexposurewillbeconsistentwiththeinstalledmaterial.
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4.EvaluationofSystemComponents
(ForTestsandCriteria,refertoAppendixA,Tables1-7)
4.1
DrainageSystem:Anef icientandeffectiveundergrounddrainagesystemisanintegralcomponentofasyntheticturfsystem,andisdesignedtocarryawaythewaterthatpercolatesthroughtheturf.Thesystemchosenwilldependontheuseof
the ield,climate,amountofrainfallandotherfactors.
4.1.1 Components:Thedrainagesystemmayincludethesyntheticturf,pad,base
materialsandcollectorpipesthatcollectandremovestormwaterfromthe
playing ield. The design of the drainage system is dependent upon local
conditions,climates,andsiteconstraints.TheRationalMethod,Hydrograph
Analysis,orTimeSeriesMethodmaybeusedtodeterminetherainfallrunoffthatmustbeaccommodatedbycollectorpipes.
4.1.2 Site Conditions: Rainfall duration intensity curves can be developed from
theNationalWeatherServiceTechnicalPaperTP-40RainfallFrequencyAtlasfortheUnitedStatesorcoordinatedwiththelocalweatherstatisticsat
thelocationoftheprojectsite.Otherwise,unlessagreedtobytheenduser,
the design storm frequency should be as required by local regulations.
Wherenolocalregulationexists,aminimum5-yeardesignstormfrequency
isrecommendedforplaying ieldsatgrade.For ieldsrequiringpumpstations,amoreconservativedesignfrequencythatiscompatiblewiththedesigncapacityofthepumpstationshouldbeused.
4.1.3 FlowTime:Thetimeintervalforwaterto lowthroughthecompletesystem
tothecollectorpipesisbasedonpermeabilitytestsconductedinthelaboratoryforthedesignofthecompletesystem.Flowthroughthebasematerial
canbeenhancedbytheuseofcompositedrainagematerialsorlateraldrain
pipes that intercept the normal low of water in the complete system and
lowdirectlytothecollectorpipes.Flowrateintothelateraldrainagesystemisdependentontheamountofavailableopenspaceforwatertoenter
thepipe.Thegeotextilecoveronmanycompositedrainscanhavevarying
effects on how fast water can enter the system over time. Care should be
takeninevaluatingtheseproductsandhowthechosenbasematerialscan
affectwaterin- lowovertime.
4.1.4 Collector Pipes: Collector pipes are typically perforated polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)orpolyethylene(PE)pipes.Sizeandtypeofperforationsaredependentuponthesizeofthepipe.Ifperforationsarelargerthanthesmallestaggregateinthebasematerialthenageo-textilesock iltermaybeusedtoen-
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capsulatethepipe—careshouldbetakentoensurethattheopeningsinthe
geo-textilefabric are compatible with the granular smaller components so
thattheydonotblocktheporesandreducewater low.Aquali iedcivilor
geotechnical engineer should be consulted to determine the suitability of
usingaproductwithageo-textilesockinconjunctionwiththeselectedbase
materialsastheycanclogthesockovertimeandseverelyimpedetheperformance of the system. Additionally the compressive strength of various
systems can differ greatly and care should be taken to keep construction
traf icoffofthesystemsuntilenoughstonehasbeenplacedandcompacted.
4.1.5 Drainage: The expected performance evaluation and the systems used
shouldundergoanindependentengineeringanalysis.
4.2
BaseMaterials:Theaggregatebaseonwhichthesyntheticturfisinstalledprovides
astructurallysoundfoundationfor ieldconstruction,andamediafordrainageof
the ield. The base materials are critical to the performance of the entire system
and should contain the necessary components and characteristics to satisfy local
conditions.Agoodgeotechnicalreportwillprovideessentialinformationfora irm
and stable base for the synthetic turf. A base that is properly designed and constructed should give the owner several years of use and last through several turf
replacements.Theuseofdesignprofessionalsandbuilderswithdemonstratedexpertiseandsuccessinthedevelopmentofsyntheticturfsystemsishighlyrecommended.
4.2.1 Soil Separator: Depending on the local site conditions, a geo-textile fabric
maybeplacedovertheentiresub-gradeandwithinthepipetrenchesprior
to the installation of the base materials to minimize contamination of the
aggregateandpossiblecloggingoftheperforateddrainagepipes.Wheresoil
conditionswarrant,apolyethylene, PVC, or otherimpermeable sheet liner
maybeusedinlieuofthegeo-textiletoinhibitstormwaterin iltrationinto
thesubsoil.
4.2.2 Aggregate:Theaggregatematerialsutilizedtoconstructthe ieldbasemust
be a properly graded washed crushed stoneto providea balance between
stability and permeability. A highly fractured material is desirable to provide the surface stability required for the synthetic turf surfacing, supplementalpaddingorporouspavingasapplicable.Thegradedaggregateparticlesizesmustbetightlycontrolledtofallwithinthebandwidthforallspeciiedsievesizeswithjustenough inestoprovidestabilitywhilestillallowing for suf icient drainage. Minimum stability and permeability requirementsshouldbedeterminedandcon irmedbyanindependentcerti iedla-
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boratorypriortoconstructionofthebasecourse.
4.2.3 Compaction: The base materials should be thoroughly compacted to preventdifferentialsettlementacrossthe ieldarea.Minimumcompactionlevelstypicallyshouldnotbelessthan95%densityasmeasuredbyastandard
proctortest.Specialattentionshouldbegiventoback illcompactionofany
utility trenches that cross the ield area. Care should also be taken not to
overcompact,whichcouldaffectdrainage.
4.2.4 Pavement:Ifpavementisrequiredbydesign,thebasematerialsmaybeporousorconventionalasphalt.Thismaterialisinstalledoverapermeableaggregatebaseandasubsurfacedrainagesystem.Theporouspavementmaterialmustbemanufacturedwithtightqualitycontrolonasphaltcontent,as
wellasthegradationoftheaggregateusedinthemix.Thisaggregateshould
havealimitedamountof inestoallowforef icientwaterpermeability.Use
of conventional asphalt paving will require a sloped ield with either a
crownoracrossslope.Considerationshouldbegiventotheuseofadrainagematoranelasticlayerpadsystembetweentheturfbackingandthesurfaceofthepavement.This,alongwiththeinstallationofperiodicinterceptor drains, should allow for horizontal water movement below the ield’s
surface.Withouttheuseofthesematerials,thein illlayerwillbecomesaturatedduringperiodsofheavyrainfallandtheremaybemigrationoftheinillmaterialswiththesurfacewatermovement.
4.2.5 WaterPermeability:Waterpermeabilityratesforboththe ield’ssurfacing
and the ield base materials should be designed to accommodate the local
weatherpatternsandstormwatermanagementregulations.Thepermeability of both the ield surface and the base materials will typically decrease
over the life of the ield. An adequatefactor of safety should be utilizedto
provideinitialin iltrationratesforthecompleted ieldabovethoserequired
bythelocalweatherconditions.
4.3
ShockAbsorbingResilientUnderlaymentSystems:Theshockabsorbingelements,
aspartoftheoverallsyntheticturfsystem,shouldmeetorexceedtheperformance
ofthedesignandspeci ication.
4.3.1 Insitu Cushion Layer (elastic layer pad): If included in the design, these
cushionsystemsshouldbeinstalledinplacewithspecializedpavingequipment.
4.3.1.1 Physical Characteristics: These systems are typically comprised of
SBR rubber granules bound with a single component polyurethane
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binder.Smallroundedpeagravelaggregateorothersuitablematerialscanalsobeincorporatedwiththerubberandurethanematerials.
The irmnessofthesystemcanbeadjustedwiththesizeandtheproportions of the rubber granules and aggregate materials, as well as
with the amount of polyurethane binder used and the thickness of
thelayer.
4.3.1.2 Performance Characteristics: The selection of the cushion layers
should be closely coordinated with the performance characteristics
of the synthetic turf utilized. The cushion layers should provide
shock absorption without compromising footing and surface stability.
4.3.1.3WaterPermeabilityRate:Theinsitucushion-layersystemsaretypically permeable. The percolation rate for the insitu cushion layers
shouldbewellinexcessofprecipitationrates.
4.3.2 PrefabricatedCushionLayers(Pad):Ifincludedinthedesign,thesecushion
layers are a manufactured product comprised of rolls or tiles of resilient
material installed under and occasionally adhered to the synthetic turf
backing.
4.3.2.1Physical Characteristics: Prefabricated cushion layers are typically
comprisedofrubber,polyurethanefoam,orothersuitablematerials.
The rubber pads are SBR rubber ibers or granules bound together
withapolyurethanebinderandusuallycomeasrollorpiecegoods
andshouldbepermeable.Thefoamcushionlayersaretypicallypolyurethane or polyvinyl chloride and should be water permeable for
drainage.
4.3.2.2Performance Characteristics: The selection of the cushion layers
should be closely coordinated with the performance characteristics
andrequirementsofthesyntheticturfsystemutilized.Thecushion
layersshouldprovideshockabsorptionwithoutcompromisingfootingand/orsurfacestability.
4.3.2.3WaterPermeabilityRate:Dependingonthe inalconstructionofthe
pad system, the system may be or may not be permeable to water.
Unless the system is permeable by design with adequate drainage,
perforations should be put through all of the cushioning layers to
provideforadequatedrainagethroughthesystemasspeci ied.
4.3.3 In ill Materials: In ill materials are comprised of rubber, sand, elastomers,
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organicsand/orothersuitablematerials,orcombinationsthereofwhichare
placedontopofthesyntheticturfbackingsystemandbetweenthesyntheticsurface ibers.Thisisneededforresiliencyaswellasstructuralintegrity
anddirectionalstability.Thismaterialisutilizedtodayinthevastmajority
of synthetic turf systems with the exception of the traditional knitted syntheticturfsystems.(AlsoaddressedinSection4.6)
4.4
IrrigationSystemIntroduction:Theinstallationofamanualorautomaticirrigation
system can be considered for synthetic turf installations. Guidelines on whether
synthetic ieldsarewateredaredeterminedbyfactorssuchasregion,climate,turf
material,playertraf ictypeandlevelofgamesplayed.
4.4.1 Player Comfort: High ield temperatures can prove challenging to players
throughoutwarmerclimates.Wateringenablesthe ieldtobecooled.Tests
showapproximatereductioninsurfacetemperatureof46degreesFahrenheit with 10 minutes of applied watering using a high volume long range
popupsprinklers.(Resultsderivedfromaheightof2inchesabovein illed
syntheticturf.)
4.4.2 Fieldsanitation:Fieldcleansingandsanitationcanbeimprovedwithwateringfromanirrigationsystem,particularlyinclimatesthatexperiencevery
littlerainfallfornaturalcleansing.
4.5
SyntheticTurf:Thesyntheticturfsurfaceshouldprovidetheperformancecharacteristics, components, and construction that meet the needs of the declared use
and/orfunctions.Thesyntheticturfsystemandallofitscomponentsshouldberesistant to moisture, rot, mildew, bacteria, fungus growth, ultraviolet ray degradationatall ieldlocations,andmeetlocalcodeandenvironmentalrequirements.
4.5.1 Synthetic Turf Construction and Components should be non-toxic and not
cause commonly known allergic reactions. Each synthetic turf system
should be constructed to provide dimensional stability and resist damage
fromwearandtearduringathleticandrecreationalusage.
4.5.2 Fibers for Tufted or Knitted Systems: Typically the iber used in synthetic
turfistexturedand/ornon-texturedpolypropylene,polyethylene,ornylon
intapeformormono ilament.Minimum ibersizesare50micronsforpolypropyleneandpolyester,100micronsfortape(slit ilm)formpolyethylene,
140-300formono ilamentpolyethylene(shapedependent)and500denier
fornylon.
4.5.3 FibersforKnittedSystems:Typicallythe ibersusedforknittedsystemsare
Nylon6.6orNylon6of500-650denier,texturizedmono ilaments.
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4.5.4 PrimaryBackingSystems:Theprimarybackingmaterialsshould beeither
high strength polyester multi- ilaments utilized in the knitting process, or
woven, non-woven, or other suitable materials in one or more layers, utilizedinthetuftingprocess.
4.5.5 SecondaryBackingSystems:Thesecondarybackingmaterialsshouldbeappliedthroughacoatingprocessthatcanbesingleormultipleapplicationsof
oneorseveraldifferentmaterials.Aknittedturffabricshouldreceiveaninitial acrylic coating and could be followed by different options of suitable
polyurethane,latexand/orothercoatingsinvariousweightsandthickness
con igurations,dependingonindividualsystemdesign.Atuftedturffabric
should receive a suitable polyurethane or latex pre-coat or an acceptable
performance-basedequal,whichthencanbefollowedbyanattachedcushion or a laminated secondary backing utilizing a suitable polyurethane, latex,oracceptableperformance-basedequal.Thepurposeofthesecondary
backingistoenhancethetuftbindandstructuralintegrityoftheturfcomponents. In cases where an increased level of system performance is desired, multiple layers of secondary backing materials of different physical
characteristicscanbeapplied.
4.5.6 Water Permeability Rate: Depending on the inal construction of the turf
system, the system may be or may not be permeable to water. Unless the
systemispermeablebydesignwithadequatedrainage,perforationsshould
beputthroughallofthebackingcoatingstoprovideforadequatedrainage
throughthesystemasspeci ied.
4.5.7 Seams:Newsyntheticturfcarpetsaremanufacturedinpanelsorrollsthat
aretypicallyanominal15feetwide.Eachpanelorrollshouldbeattachedto
thenextwithaseamtoformtheplayingsubstrateofthe ield.Seamsshould
begluedwithasupplementalbackingmaterialorsewnwithhighstrength
sewingthread.Thebondingorfasteningofallsystemmaterialcomponents
shouldprovideapermanent,tight,secure,andhazard-freeathleticplaying
surface.
4.5.8 Adhesive: Industrial adhesives, products not found in home supply stores,
areusedtobondsyntheticturfseamsandinserts,and,insomeapplications,
foratotalgluedownofthesyntheticturftothebase.Syntheticturfadhesives should be applied by experienced, professional installers. The adhesives should provide a strong, hazard-free, and durable bond between the
adjacentturfpanelsorsectionsandtobeusableforinstallationundervariable weather conditions. The adhesive should also be resistant to water,
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fungus, and mildew. Synthetic turf adhesives include: one-part adhesives
(urethanes), two-part (epoxy or urethane), hot melt, and water-based
(latex).
4.5.9 Seaming Tape: Seaming tape is commonly used for seams and/or inlaid
lines and markings. The tape is comprised of a fabric that should be installedbelowthebackingmaterialonbothsidesofaseamorinlay.Thefabricusedforseamingtapeshouldprovidedimensionalstrengthandenough
surfacetextureandwidthtobondwellwiththeadhesiveandtheturfbackingmaterialoneachsideoftheseam.
4.6
In illMaterial:In illmaterialsarecomprisedofrubber,sand,elastomers,organics
and/orothersuitablematerials,orcombinationsthereofwhichareplacedontopof
thesyntheticturfbackingandbetweenthesyntheticsurface ibers.
4.6.1 EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) is a polymer elastomer with
highresistancetoabrasionandwearandwillnotchangeitssolidformunder high temperatures. Typical EPDM colors are green and tan. EPDM has
provenitsdurabilityasanin illproductinalltypesofclimates.Itsexcellent
elasticitypropertiesandresistancetoatmosphericandchemicalagentsprovideastable,highperformancein illproduct.
4.6.2 TPE(Thermoplasticelastomer)in illisnon-toxic,heavymetalfree,availableinavarietyofcolorsthatresistfading,verylonglasting,and100%recyclableandreusableasin illwhenthe ieldisreplaced.TPEin ill,whenutilizingvirgin-basedresins,willofferconsistentperformanceandexcellentgmaxoverawidetemperaturerange.
4.6.3 Organics:Thereareseveralorganicin illsavailableintheNorthAmerican
market,allutilizingdifferentorganiccomponents,suchasnaturalcorkand/
orground ibersfromtheoutsideshellofthecoconut.Theseproductscan
beutilizedinprofessionalsportsapplicationsaswellasforlandscaping.At
theendofitslifecycleitcanberecycleddirectlyintotheenvironment.
4.6.4 SilicaSand:Puresilicasandisoneoftheoriginalin illingmaterialsutilized
insyntheticturf.Thisproductisanaturalin illthatisnon-toxic,chemically
stable and fracture resistant. Silica sand in ills are typically tan, off-tan or
whiteincolorand—dependinguponplantlocation—mayberoundorsubroundinparticleshape.Asanaturalproductthereisnopossibilityofheavy
metals,andthedust/turbidityratingislessthan100.Itcanbeusedinconjunctionwithmanyotherin illsonthemarkettoprovideasafeandmore
realisticplayingsurface.Theroundshapeplaysanintegralpartinthesyn-
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theticturfsystem.Itisimportantthatsilicasandhaveahighpurity(greater
than90%)toresistcrushingandabsorptionofbacteriaandother ieldcontaminants. Silica sand can either be coated with different materials as a
standaloneproductorcanbeusedto irmupincombinationwithtraditionalcrumbrubberin illsystems.
4.6.5 Coated Silica Sand: This class of in ill consists of coated, high-purity silica
sandwitheitherasoftorrigidcoatingspeci icallyengineeredforsynthetic
turf. These coatings are either elastomeric or acrylic in nature (non-toxic)
andformabondwiththesandgrainsealingitfrombacteriatoprovidesuperior performance and durability over the life of a ield. Coated sand is
availableinvarioussizestomeettheapplication’sneeds.
4.6.6 CrumbRubber:CrumbRubberisderivedfromscrapcarandtrucktiresthat
aregroundupandrecycled.Twotypesofcrumbrubberin illexist:ambient
and cryogenic. Together these make up the most widely used in ill in the
syntheticsports ieldandlandscapemarket.Crumbrubberin illissubstantiallymetalfree,and,accordingtotheSTC’s GuidelinesforCrumbRubberInill, should not contain liberated iber in an amount that exceeds 0.01% of
thetotalweightofcrumbrubber,or0.6lbs.perton.
4.6.7 CoatedRubber:Bothambientandcryogenicrubbercanbecoatedwithcolorants,sealers,oranti-microbialsubstancesifdesired.Coatedrubberprovidesadditionalaestheticappeal,reductionofdustbyproductsduringthe
manufacturingprocessandcompleteencapsulationoftherubberparticle.
4.6.8 Hybrid: Constitutes the use of sand, rubber, or other suitable materials in
variouscombinations.(Thisshouldnotbeconfusedwithhybridcarpetsystemsthatconsistofacombinationof ibertypes.)
4.7
Lines and Markings:Construction and materials used should be harmonious with
thesyntheticsurface.
4.7.1 Installation: Lines and markings should be installed on the synthetic turf
surfaceinoneofthreemethods:withpaint,withcolored iberthatiseither
tuftedorknittedintothesyntheticturfpanels,orinstalledasinlays.Tuftedinorinlaidlinesandmarkingsareapermanentpartofthesurface.
4.7.2 Permanency:Paintedlinesandmarkingsinstalledwitheitherpermanentor
temporary paint require maintenance. Even permanently painted lines requireadditionalpaintonaperiodicbasis.
4.7.3 Consistency: Synthetic turf and ibers utilized for the tufted or inlaid lines
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and markings should be similar to that used in all other areas of the ield
andinstalledtothesametolerances.
4.8
Inserts:They are typically usedon multi-sport ields.They can include covers for
goalsleevesandanchorsandconversionofbaseballin ieldclayareastosynthetic
turf.
4.8.1 Consistency:Thesyntheticturfusedfortheinsertsshouldbesimilartothat
usedintheareaadjacenttotheinsert.
4.8.2 Installation: The inserts should be anchored securely to the surrounding
areassothattheycannotbedisplacedbytheactivitiesoccurringonthe ield
andinstalledtothesametolerances.
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5.ConstructionandInstallation
5.1
5.2
Inspection:Syntheticmaterialsshouldbeinspectedpriortoinstallationfor:

Damagedordefectivegoods

Missinggoodsorquantities

Correct ibertype

Correctturfpileheightandweight

Propertuftbind

Correctbackingperforationdiameterandspacing,ifapplicable

Materialsoutoftolerancewiththespeci ication
Sub-GradePreparation:Thesub-gradeshouldprovideastabilizedfoundationupon
whichbasematerialsandsubsequentcomponentsofplaying ieldsystemswillbe
installed.
5.2.1 Function:Itshouldalsoprovidethepitchedsurfaceonwhichstormwateris
directedtowardtheactivedrainagesystemforevacuation.
5.2.2 ShapeandCompaction:Priortoplacementofbasematerials,thesub-grade
shouldbeshapedtoanappropriatepro ileandcompactedbyproofrolling
toobtaina irmevensurface.Depressedareasshouldbe illedandunsuitablematerialsremovedandreplacedwithclean illoraggregate.Compaction
should be performed to achieve a minimum of 95% in accordance with
ASTM D698 Standard Proctor Method. The appropriate moisture content
mustbemaintainedinthe ieldsub-gradetoallowforoptimallevelsofcompaction.
5.2.3 Sub-Grade (Rough) Planarity: The tolerances for the inished sub-grade
should not exceed one-half (1/2”) inch as measured by a 10-foot straight
edge(13mmin3m).Gradingofthesub-gradeshallminimizepondingtothe
extentpractical.Theuseoflaserguidedandcontrolledequipmentishighly
recommendedforsub-gradepreparation.
5.3
Aggregate: Installation of the aggregate base should provide a close, evenly texturedsurfacemeetingtherequiredtolerances.
5.3.1 Construction:Extremecareshouldbetakentoensurethatthereisnodisturbancetothesub-gradeandthatthereisnodisplacementofthesoilseparator.Alldisturbed,displaced,ordamagedmaterialistoberepairedorreplaced.
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5.3.2 Placement:Theaggregatebaseshouldbeplacedinamannerthatwillproduceauniformandevenlygradedmasstothespeci ieddepth.Thematerial
shouldbeplacedandspreadbytheappropriateequipmentandmethodsin
successive horizontal layers not exceeding six (6) inches in depth. Care
shouldbetakentoavoidoverworkingthematerial,whichcanaffectgradation and uniformity, resulting in detrimental performance and drainage
characteristics. Pockets that occur as a result of stone segregation during
installationshouldberemovedandreplaced.Aftercorrectplacement,each
liftshallbeuniformlycompactedwithaself-propelledrollertoachievethe
speci ieddensity.
5.3.3 Compaction: The ield base materials should be thoroughly compacted to
prevent any signi icant differential settlement across the area of synthetic
turfsurfacing.Typicalminimumcompactionlevelsare95%StandardProctorforthebasematerials.Theappropriatemoisturecontentmustbemaintainedinthebasematerialstoallowforoptimallevelsofcompaction.
5.3.4 Finish-Grade Planarity (surface tolerances): Irregularities in the surface of
thebasematerialsaretypicallyre lectedinthe inished ieldsurface.Therefore, it is important to install the base materials to controlled tolerances.
The use of laser guided and controlled equipment is highly recommended
forsub-gradepreparation.Thelocaldeviationofthe inishedsurfaceofthe
basestoneshouldnotexceed¼in.inanydirectionwhenmeasuredbeneath
a10-footlongstraightedge(6mmin3m).Hollowsanddepressions,which
mayhavedevelopedduringtheprocessofcompactingthebase,shouldbe
illedwithacceptablematerialandre-compacted.
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5.4
ShockAbsorbingResilientUnderlaymentSystem:Thedesignofthesesystemsvariesandeachapproachshouldbecarefullyinstalledtomeettherequirementsofthe
user.
5.4.1 InsituCushion-Layer(ElasticLayerPad)Installation:Ifrequiredbydesign,
theinsitucushionlayersshouldbeinstalledwithspecializedpavingequipmentusedonlyforinsitupadorrubberizedrunningtracks.Thepavingmachine should be operated by a minimum of two skilled technicians at all
times.Allpavingseamsshouldbehandrolledandtroweled.Allcoldjoints
inthepadshouldbepretreatedwithapolyurethaneprimer.Thespeci ied
thicknessoftheinsitupadshouldbecontinuouslymonitoredforconsistency. The components of the insitucushion layers should be thoroughly
mixed. The mixing ratios should also be monitored for consistency. The
cushion-layersystemshouldbesecurelyplacedonthe ieldbasematerials.
The insitucushion surface should not vary more than ¼ in. in 10 ft. as
measuredinanydirectionwithastringlineorstraightedge(6mmin3m).
5.4.2 Seam Installation: If required by design, prefabricated cushion-layer systemsaretypicallyinstalledasrollorpiecegoods.Theheadseamsattheend
ofeachrollshouldbestaggeredacrossthe ield.Whenrequiredbythepaddingmanufacturer,allgluedcushion-layerseamsshouldbebuttedtogether
andapermeableormeshtypefabricshouldbeadheredtothesurfaceofthe
cushionlayeratallseamlocationstobridgethecushion-layerjoints.(This
doesnotapplytosewnseams).
5.4.3 Resilient In ill: If required by design, the in ill material should be applied
wheninadryconditionandshouldnotbeappliedunlessthesyntheticturf
is also dry. The in ill material should be applied in consistent layers with
multiple applications. It is critical to insure that synthetic ibers are not
trappedunderneaththein ill.Afterapplicationofeachlayer,thesynthetic
turfshouldbedraggedand/orbrushedaccordingtothemanufacturer’srecommendationsinordertoliftthe ibersanddistributethein illmaterialintotheturfsysteminaconsistentmanner.Equipmentishoweveravailable
thatcaninstallthein illmaterialsandsimultaneouslybrushthemintothe
carpetpileinasinglepass.
5.5
Irrigation System Design Considerations: When the inclusion of an irrigation systemisdeemednecessaryorappropriateforaparticular ieldinstallationitishighly
recommendedthatitbedesigned,reviewed,andapprovedbyarecognizedirrigationconsultant/designer.Anexperiencedirrigationdesignercanprovidenecessary
support, advice and forsee any pit falls resulting in costly re-work and an under
performingsystem.
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5.5.1 Requirements: A ield watering system may be required to meet the demandsofthegame,suchashighlevel ieldhockeycompetition.Eachproject
andsituationisunique.Factorssuchasthetimeallocatedtoirrigatebefore,
during and sometimes after a match need consideration, this practice is
commontoensuretheplayersareofferedasafeandcontrollablegame.
5.5.2 Sprinkler Head Layout: Sprinklers located inside the ield of play are not
generallyconsideredacceptable.Playersfallingonsprinklersthroughtackles and other play activities are subject to injury risk. The installation of
multiple in ield sprinklers is and can affect the turf’s adhesion to the ield
base. This can have a negative affect on the completed turf planarity and
consistency.Useofagricultural,longrangesprinklergunsmountedonriser
posts has until recently been a common practice. Manufacturers now producelongrangeperimeterpop-upsprinklers.Buriedatgradelevel,thepopup sprinklers provide discrete, low level, unobtrusive, long range performancewiththeabilitytothrowbeyondthehalfwayline.
5.5.3 LayoutConsiderations:Typicalsprinklerinstallationdesignwouldallowfor
minimumspraydisruptionforslightwindconditions.Considerationforthe
spectatorsshouldbemettoensuretheydonotbecomeunnecessarilywet
duringawateringcyclecausedbyincorrectlyadjustedarcsorill-positioned
sprinklers.
5.5.4 ControlValves:High low,lowpressurelosselectricsolenoidvalvesshould
beinstalled,thesearedesignedtoensuresprinklerperformanceisnotprohibitedandnecessaryforhighvolumeperimetersprinklers.
5.5.5 Controls:Conventionalirrigationschedulingisnotoftennecessarywitharti icial ieldwatering.Manuallyoperatingtheirrigationsystemprovesmore
popular than traditional timers. A simple controller mounted in a cabinet
withbuttonsprogrammedtoswitchonsolenoidvalvesforapre-settimeor
sequenceisadequateforthegroundpersonnel.Remotecontrolisusefulfor
ieldoperationandallowstheoperatortoensurethe ieldisclearofpersonnelhazardpriortooperation.
5.5.6 Adequatesafetyprecautionsonthe ieldsuchaswarningnoti icationsound
andvisualsafetymeasuresshouldbeobservedtoensureplayers,spectators
andservicepersonnelarenotatriskfromthewaterjetasthesprinklersare
activated.
5.5.7 As an additional safety precaution, a security key restricting access to the
controlpanelwillensureauthorizeduseonlyofthewateringsystem.
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5.6
Synthetic Turf Material Production Quality Assurance/Quality Control: Testing of
materialsshouldbeperformedpriortoshipmentofproducttothejobsitetoavoid
additionalcostsordelay.
5.6.1 QualityAssuranceTesting:Priortoshipmentofthesyntheticturfandcomponentstothejobsite,thesyntheticturfrollsshouldberandomlysampled
andtestedbythemanufacturerwhowillcertifythattheymeetthespeci ication.
5.6.2 Relevant Characteristics: Testingto be conducted should be a provision in
the agreement between the parties and may include pile composition, pile
weight, total weight, pile height, tuft bind (without in ill), and grab/tear
strength.
5.6.3 Labeling:Themanufacturer,athisoption,shouldconveyinwritingthetest
results of the relevant characteristics and certifythat they meet orexceed
thespeci icationrequirements.
5.7
SyntheticTurfInstallation:Allsyntheticturfsystemsshouldbeinstalledtoprovide
stabilitythatwillpreventpanelsfromshiftingorbunching.
5.7.1 SeamingMethod:Thesyntheticturfpanelsshouldbesecurelyfastenedtogetherforthewarrantedlifeofthesystem.Theseseamsaretypicallyglued
or sewn, the method for which varies from system to system. Specialized
synthetic turf systems with are periodically removed and replaced may
haveseams,whicharecomprisedofhookandloopfastenersorothereasily
attachablematerials.Seamgapsshouldbeminimalanduniform.Fortufted
in illsystemsthegapbetweenthe ibersshouldnotexceedthegaugeofthe
tufting. For other synthetic turf systems, the seam gaps should not exceed
1/16in.(2mm).
5.7.2 EdgeAnchoring:Theanchormayconsistofaconcretecurb,atreatedwood
header, a composite material or a trench drain. These may vary by design
andregion,butshouldalwaysprovideasecureanchor.
5.7.3 InlaidLinesandMarkings:Inlaidlinesandmarkingsshouldconsistofsynthetic turf with contrasting colored iber installed in lieu of painted iber.
Inlaygapsshouldbeuniform.Fortuftedsystems,thegapbetweenthe ibers
should not exceed the gauge of the tufting. Lines and markings must conformtotheappropriateassociationororganizationsuggestedguidelinesfor
theintendedlevelofuse.
5.7.4 Temperature:Careshouldbetakenduringinstallationtoaccountforrapid
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luctuations in temperature to avoid expansion and/or contraction which
canaffectthe inalinstallation.Temperatureextremesshouldalsobecarefullymonitored.Thecarpetshouldneverberolledorunrolledwhenfrozen,
whichcancausecrackingandirreparabledamagetothesecondarybacking.
5.8
In ill Material Installation: Correct installation is critical to performance of these
systemsandshouldfollowthemanufacturer’srecommendations.
5.8.1 EnvironmentalConditions:Itisrecommendedin illmaterialsshouldbeinstalledunderdry ieldconditions.
5.8.2 MethodofApplication:Thein illmaterialshouldbeinstalleduniformly.The
equipment used for the application of the in ill materials should erect the
iber, place the in ill materials, and should incorporatea meteringmethod
to provide consistent distribution. The equipment utilized should not distortordisplaceanybasematerialsordamagethesysteminanyway.
5.8.3 In ill Depth: The depth of in ill can be measured by taking the depth from
the top of the primary backing to the top of the in ill or subtracting the
lengthofexposed iberfromtheknownpileheight.
5.8.4 g-MaxTesting:g-Maxtestingshouldalwaysbeperformedbyanindependenttestingcompanyorlab.
5.9
Fiber Conditioning: It is essential to maintain the integrity and uniformity of the
iber throughout the manufacturing, shipping and handling, installation and
maintenanceprocessesinordertopreventdamage,whichcouldalterthespeci ied
performanceandvoidthewarranty.
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6.Maintenance
Maintainingasyntheticturf ieldisessentialforoptimumappearance,safety,playingperformance,and ield longevity. A regular schedule of maintenance should include surface
cleaning, debris removal, grooming, and in ill replenishment, redistribution, and decompaction. The maintenance procedures and equipment, as speci ied by the synthetic
turfsystembuilderandrequiredforthesystem,shouldbeevaluatedduringtheselection
process so that the appropriate budget resources for manpower and equipment may be
allocated. Note: Refer to the STC’s SuggestedGuidelinesfortheMaintenanceofIn illedSyntheticTurfSurfaces,April2007,foradditionalinformation.
6.1
Thesyntheticturfinstallationbuildershouldprovidedetailedwrittenmaintenance
instructions,suggestedguidelinesforthesystem,andtrainingofmaintenancepersonnel. Maintenance of the systems typically consists of cleaning, stain removal,
minor seam repair, dragging or redistribution of any in ill material, and managementofin illcompaction.Aprimarygoalofgroomingmaintenanceistokeepthe
ibersstandinginanuprightposition,whichminimizeswearandUVdegradation
andcanhaveabene icialeffectonperformance,playingcharacteristicsandlongevityofthe ield.Specializedequipmentistypicallyrequiredforthemaintenanceof
thesurfaceandshouldbeincludedwiththe ieldcontract.Utilizingthisequipment
asrecommendedbytheinstallationbuilderwillgeneratethepropermaintenance
inrelationtoanyfuturewarrantyclaims.
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6.2
MaintenanceMonitoring:Theowner/usershallberesponsibletomaintainalogof
maintenanceperformedonthe ieldasrecommendedandwarrantedbythebuilder.
6.3
Cleaning:Theperiodicuseofavacuumorasweepershouldbeappliedtokeepthe
synthetic surface clean. This equipment should be compatible with synthetic turf
ields.Thistypicallymeanswidertiresandsofternylontypebrushes.Thecleaning
activitiesshouldconformtothewrittenmaintenancesuggestedguidelinesprovidedbythesyntheticinstallationbuilder.
6.4
Irrigation System Maintenance: As with any irrigation system, maintenance and
winterdrain-downandpreparationincoldclimatesshouldbeobserved.
6.5
StainRemoval:Stainssuchastobacco,gum,etc.shouldberemovedassoonaspossibleaspertheinstallationbuilder’srecommendations.
6.6
Brushing:Thein illmaterialand ibersshouldbeperiodicallybrusheddepending
onusetoevenoutanylowareasofin illmaterialsandtobrushthe ibersbacktoa
more vertical alignment. The sand and rubber in ill materials can also have the
compactionreducedwiththeuseofmetaltines.Thebrushingactivitiesshouldconformtothewrittenmaintenancesuggestedguidelinesprovidedbytheinstallation
builder.
6.7
SeamRepair:Seamsthatopenorbecomeloosemayrequiresomeimmediateand
temporary gluing until they can be inspected and corrected by the installation
builder. The gluing should conform to the written maintenance suggested guidelinesprovidedbythesyntheticturfvendor.
7.Post-InstallationTesting
7.1
Schedule:Itisrecommendedthataminimumscheduleforon-goingtestingbeincludedandunderstoodbythepartiestobeatleastattheendofyearoneandatthe
endofyearthree.Testingthereafterisattheowner’soption.
7.2
Theg-maxshouldbetestedinaccordancewiththeaboveschedule.
7.3
Inspectionoftheseamsandotherinstallationfeaturesshouldbemutuallyagreed
tobythepartiesbutshouldbecompletednolessthanonetimeperyearorasstatedinthemanufacturer’swarranty.
7.4
Governing Body Certi ication: Additional post construction performance testing
mayberequiredfor ieldsusedforhighlevelcompetition.Contacttherespective
governingbodiesforthecurrentguidelines.
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AppendixA—TestsandGuidelines
A. Test Protocols and their respective STC minimums are for speci ic purposes such as
thefollowing.

Performanceofthesystemand/oritsessentialcomponentsistheprimaryobjective.

Qualitycontrolanddeliveryofthematerialsasspeci ied.

Failurediagnosis,preventativemeasures,comparativeevaluations,safety,appearance,andcompliancewithcodesandregulations,etc.
B. Notalltestsarerequiredforeveryinstallation.Adesignprofessionalcanbestadvise
onwhatsitetestsshouldbeconductedundergivencircumstances.
C. Tests in the laboratory and in the ield are to be utilized for a speci ic purpose and
theirprotocolsshouldbefollowedaspublishedbytheirrespectivestandardsorganizations.
D. Architects,designprofessionals,engineers,andconsultantshavetheresponsibilityto
referonlytothetablesandchartsinthisGuidelinedocumentthatapplyspeci icallyto
theneedsofthedesign,site,andtherequirementsoftheintendeduseasindicatedby
theowner/enduserand/orasmayberequiredtovalidatethewarrantiesoffered.
E. Allminimumvaluesshouldbeevaluatedastheyrelatetothesystemperformance.
F. Sitetestingshallbeatambientshadedairtemperatureof40–100°F.Laboratorytesting shall be at ambient indoor temperature unless otherwise speci ied by the test
method.
G. Unlessotherwisespeci ied, ieldtestmeasurementsshallbemadeataminimumof6
locations(mustavoidareaswhere2gluedseamscross).Testlocationsshallconform
ascloselyaspossibletothetestsitesspeci iedinASTMF1936( ieldusedprimarilyfor
NorthAmericanFootball)orFIFAHandbook3-06( ieldsmarkedforSoccer).
H. Allminimumandmaximumvaluestakeintoaccountacceptableindustrymanufacturingtolerancesof+/-2%ofthevariance.
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Table1:BaseMaterials
TestProperty
MethodofDetermination
STCGuidelines
Lab/FieldTest
SizeofParticleMix
ASTMD422Particle-SizeAnalysis
Asperspeci ication
Lab(onsitematerial)
Min.of0.01cm/s
(14in.perhour)
Lab/Field**
Drainage
Compaction(density)
FinalGrade
ASTMF1551/DIN18035:6
Permeabilitytowater*
ASTMD2434Permeabilityof
granularsoils(constantheat)
ASTMD698Compactionusing
standardeffort
TosetcriteriaforASTM
D2922
ASTMD2922Compactionofsoil
inplacebynuclearmethods
Min.95%standardproctor
ASTMF2157Testmethodfor
basematerialevenness
Lessthan¼in.over10ft.
(6mmover1m)
Lab/Field
Field
* Determinationinthelab:Itisnecessarytosealthetestringtothebaseofthesample.
Theedgesofthesamplemustalsobesealedtopreventanywaterfrom lowingaround
ratherthanthroughthesample.
** Determinationinthe ield:Anexactsealistypicallynotattainableandthetestisnotas
accurate/reproducibleduetothelateral lowofwaterandtheproblemsofdeterminingtheareasthroughwhichthewateris lowing.
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Table2:TurfCharacteristicsforTuftedIn illSystems
(Typicalforhighschool,collegiate,andprofessionalplay ields)
TestProperty
MethodofDetermination
STCGuidelines
Lab/FieldTest
ManufacturerofSystem(name)
Manufacturerdeclaration
Notspeci ied
N/A
PileFiberID
Manufacturerdeclaration
Notspeci ied
N/A
PrimaryBackingSystemID
Manufacturerdeclaration
Notspeci ied
N/A
SecondaryBackingSystemID
Manufacturerdeclaration
Polyurethane/Latex/Fabrics
N/A
Pile(faceweight)
ASTMD5848
Min.30oz./sq.yd.(2”product)
Min.38oz./sq.yd.(2.5”product)
Lab
PrimaryBackingSystemWeight
ASTMD5848
Min.5.5oz./sq.yd.
Lab
SecondaryBackingSystemWeight
ASTMD5848
Min.16oz./sq.yd.
Lab
PileHeight
ASTMD5823
Sportspeci icorasspeci ied
Lab/Field
PileHeightaboveIn ill
Measurement
Mustmeetsystemsspecs
Lab/Field
YarnThickness
ASTMD3218
Min.100microns(slit- ilm)
Min.130micron(mono ilament)
Lab
YarnDenier
ASTMD1577
Min.500(nylon)
Lab
GrabTearStrength
ASTMD5034
Min.150lbs.
Lab
TuftBind
ASTMD1335
>6.8lbs.or30N
Lab
Flammability
ASTMD2859PillBurn
Passingresulttestedasinstalled
Lab
ColorUniformity
Visual
Nosigni icantchange
Lab/Field
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Table3:TurfCharacteristicsforKnittedTurfSystems
TestProperty
MethodofDetermination
STCGuidelines
Lab/FieldTest
ManufacturerofSystem(name)
Manufacturerdeclaration
Notspeci ied
N/A
PileFiberID
Manufacturerdeclaration
Notspeci ied
N/A
PrimaryBackingSystemID
Manufacturerdeclaration
Notspeci ied
N/A
SecondaryBackingSystemID
Manufacturerdeclaration
Glued:Acrylic
Looselaid:Polyurethaneor
acrylic
N/A
Pile(faceweight)
ASTMD5848
Min.55oz./sq.yd.
Lab
PrimaryBackingSystemWeight
ASTMD5848
Min.8oz./sq.yd.
Lab
SecondaryBackingSystemWeight
ASTMD5848
Glued:Min.3oz./sq.yd.
Looselaid:¼in.(6mm)precoatandattachedcushion
weightcombinedismin.50
oz./sq.yd.
Lab
PileHeight
ASTMD5823
Min.0.5in.
Lab/Field
PileHeightaboveIn ill
Measurement
N/A
Lab/Field
YarnThickness
ASTMD3218
Min.100micronsPE
Min.50micronsPP
Lab
YarnDenier
ASTMD1907
Min.500(nylon)
Lab
GrabTearStrength
ASTMD5034
Min.350lbs.
Lab
TuftBind
ASTMD1335
>6.8lbs.or30N
Lab
Flammability
ASTMD2859PillBurn
Passingresulttestedasinstalled
Lab
RelativeAbrasiveness
ASTMF1015
Measurement
Lab
ColorUniformity
Visual
Nosigni icantchange
Lab/Field
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Table4:TurfCharacteristicsforTuftedPolypropylene(PP),
Polyethylene(PE),orNylonSystems(non-in illsystems)
TestProperty
MethodofDetermination
STCGuidelines
Lab/FieldTest
ManufacturerofSystem(name)
Manufacturerdeclaration
Notspeci ied
N/A
PileFiberID
Manufacturerdeclaration
Nylon6or6.6;PP,PE
N/A
PrimaryBackingSystemID
Manufacturerdeclaration
Notspeci ied
N/A
SecondaryBackingSystemID
Manufacturerdeclaration
Polyurethane
N/A
Pile(faceweight)
ASTMD5848
Min.48oz./sq.yd.
Lab
PrimaryBackingSystemWeight
ASTMD5848
Min.6oz./sq.yd.
Lab
SecondaryBackingSystemWeight
ASTMD5848
Min.16oz./sq.yd.
Lab
PileHeight
ASTMD5823orD6859
Min.0.45in.
Lab/Field
PileHeightaboveIn ill
Measurement
N/A
Lab/Field
FiberConditioning
Manufacturerdeclaration
Texturized
N/A
YarnThickness
ASTMD3218
Min.75micronsPE
Min.50micronsPP
Lab
YarnDenier
ASTMD1907
Min.500(nylon)
Lab
YarnElongation
ASTMD2256
N/A
Lab
GrabTearStrength
ASTMD5034
Min.150lbs.
Lab
YarnBreakingLoad(tensile
strength)
ASTMD2256
Manufacturerrecommended
speci ication
Lab
TuftBind
ASTMD1335
>6.8lbs.or30N
Lab
Flammability
ASTMD2859PillBurn
Passingresulttestedasinstalled
Lab
ColorUniformity
Visual
Nosigni icantchange
Lab/Field
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Table5:In illProperties
TestProperty
MethodofDetermination
STCGuidelines
Lab/Field
Test
MaterialIdenti ication
Manufacturerdeclaration
Mustmeetsystemspeci ications
N/A
GrainSize(particlesize)
ASTMD422(soil)
ASTMD5644(rubber)
Mustmeetsystemspeci ications
Lab
Depth
Measurementfromtopof
in illtosurfaceoffabric
Mustmeetsystemspeci ication
atalllocations⅜in.(±9mm)
Lab/Field
Flammability
ASTMD2859PillBurn
Passingresulttestedasinstalled
Lab
ColorUniformity
Visual
Nosigni icantchange
Lab/Field
Table6:ShockPadLayerProperties
TestProperty
MethodofDetermination
STCGuidelines
Lab/Field
Test
MaterialIdenti ication
Manufacturerdeclaration
Mustmeetsystemspeci ications
N/A
MixDesign
Manufacturerdeclaration
Mustmeetsystemspeci ications
N/A
Drainage
ASTMF1551/DIN18035-6
WaterPermeability
Min.14in./hour
Lab/Field
ComponentSize
Rubber/Stone(gravel)
ASTMF1508SieveAnalysis
Mustmeetsystemspeci ications
Lab
Evenness
ASTMF2157Testmethodfor
basematerialevenness
Lessthan¼in.over10ft.
(6mmover3m)
Field
Measurement
Mustmeetsystemspeci ications
ateverypointmeasured(+¼
in./-0)(+6mm/-0)cushion
layer
Lab/Field
Thickness
Table7—PerformanceGuidelines
TheSyntheticTurfCouncil’sGuidelinesforSyntheticTurfPerformanceareincludedbyreference.Forafreecopy,pleasevisittheSTCResourceCenterat
www.syntheticturfcouncil.org.
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AppendixB—ReferenceSpeci ications(typical
minimums)
Charts1-5
A. Thereferencespeci icationsnotedinAppendixBare“typical”examplesofminimums
thataremostcommonlyencounteredandhaveful illedreasonableexpectationsfor
successfulperformance.Deviationsfromtheseminimumscanbeexpecteddueto
productinnovationsorqualityupgradesandcanbeconsideredwhenproperlyjustiiedintermsoftheirexpectedperformance.
B. Alltestspriorto,during,orafterinstallationaretobespeci icallylistedandunderstoodbyallpartiesastotheirexecutionand inancialresponsibility.
C. EnvironmentalConditions:Suitableweatherconditionsareimportantforthesuccessfulinstallationofthesystems.
D. Intheeventofquestionableconditions,themanufacturer’srecommendationshould
beobtainedtopreventthepossiblevoidingofanywarranties(particularlyasitappliestoadhesives).
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Chart1:In illedSyntheticTurfSpeci ication
Fiber
Material
PE,PP,Nylon6orNylon6.6
Denier
Mustmeetsystemspeci ications
Backing(primary/secondary)
WeightPrimary
Notlessthan5.5oz./sq.yd.
WeightSecondary
Notlessthan16oz./sq.yd.
AdditionalBackings
Optional
Fabric
Width
12ft.to15ft.
TuftBind
>6.8lbs.or30N
PileHeight
Sportspeci icorasspeci ied
PileWeight
Notlessthan30oz./sq.yd.
Mustmeetsystemspeci ications
GrabTearStrength
Notlessthan150lbs.
PillBurnTest
Passingresultstestedasinstalled
In illSystem(Dependingonmanufacturer’srecommendation,refertode initionsection)
DepthofIn ill
Nominal,permanufacturer’srecommendation
ImpactAttenuation
CurrentASTMstandardforg-maxisamaximumvalueof
200ateachtestpoint.g-Maxvaluesmayvaryfromlocationtolocationonaplayingsurface.Suchvariances
shouldbetakenintoaccountwhensettingmaximum
values.TheSTC’sguidelineisthatg-maxshouldbebelow165throughoutthelifeofthe ield.
WaterPermeability
Turf/cushionlayer:min.10in./hour
Basematerials:min.14in./hour
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Chart2:KnittedSyntheticTurfSpeci ication-Shortpile
Fiber
Material
PE,PP,Nylon6orNylon6.6
Denier
Min.500Nylon
Thickness
Min.75micronsPEorPP
Backing(primary/secondary)
GroundYarn
Polyestermulti- ilaments
WeightPrimary
Min.8oz./sq.yd.
Acrylic
Min.3oz./sq.yd.
Polyurethaneattachedcushion
Optional
Fabric
Width
Typically15ft.
TuftBind
N/A
PileHeight
Sportspeci icorasspeci ied
PileWeight
Min.55oz./sq.yd.
GrabTearStrength
Min.350lbs.
PillBurnTest
Passingresultstestedasinstalled
TotalWeight
Min.66oz./sq.yd.(withoutattachedcushion)
In illSystem(Dependingonmanufacturer’srecommendation,refertode initionsection)
ImpactAttenuation
CurrentASTMstandardforg-maxisamaximumvalueof
200ateachtestpoint.g-Maxvaluesmayvaryfromlocationtolocationonaplayingsurface.Suchvariances
shouldbetakenintoaccountwhensettingmaximum
values.TheSTC’sguidelineisthatg-maxshouldbebelow165throughoutthelifeofthe ield.
WaterPermeability
Turf/cushionlayer:min.10in./hour
Basematerials:min.14in./hour
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Chart3:TuftedSyntheticTurfSpeci ication-Shortpile
Fiber
Material
PE,PP,Nylon6orNylon6.6
Denier
Min.500Nylon
Thickness
Min.75micronsPE
Min.50micronsPP
Backing(primary/secondary)
WovenPP/non-woven
Singleormultiple
Weight
Min.6oz./sq.yd.
ScrapCoat
Min.16oz./sq.yd.
Attachedcushion
Secondaryand/orcushion
Min.32oz./sq.yd.(asrequired)
Fabric
Width
12-15ft.
TuftBind
>6.8lbs.or30N
PileHeight
Sportspeci icorasspeci ied
PileWeight
Min.48oz./sq.yd.
GrabTearStrength
Min.150lbs.
PillBurnTest
Passingresultstestedasinstalled
TotalWeight
Dependingonindividualconstruction
System(Dependingonmanufacturer’srecommendation,refertode initionsection)
ImpactAttenuation
CurrentASTMstandardforg-maxisamaximumvalueof
200ateachtestpoint.g-Maxvaluesmayvaryfromlocationtolocationonaplayingsurface.Suchvariances
shouldbetakenintoaccountwhensettingmaximum
values.TheSTC’sguidelineisthatg-maxshouldbebelow165throughoutthelifeofthe ield.
WaterPermeability
Turf/cushionlayer:min.10in./hour
Basematerials:min.14in./hour
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Chart4:ShockPad-Pre-FabricatedPadSystemsSpeci ication
TypicalRequirement
Thickness
0.375in.±10%
Density
4.0lbs./cu.ft.±10%
Weight
38oz./sq.yd.
Width
4ft.
25%CompressionResistance(ASTMD1667)
10-12psi
TensileStrength(ASTMD412)
Typically75psi
ElongationtoBreak(ASTMD412)
Typically125%
Chart5:ShockPad-InSituSystemsSpeci ication(typicalranges)
Thickness:
35mm
25mm
20mm
Density:
2lbs./cu.ft.
1.5lbs./cu.ft.
1.2lbs./cu.ft.
Weight:
56lbs./sq.yd.
40lbs./sq.yd.
32lbs./sq.yd.
Component:
SBR
Aggregate
PUBinder
1-5mm
1-3mm
Percentages(byweight):
60-63%
30-32%
5-10%
*MixDesign(allpercentagesbyweight)
Note:Typicallythemixdesignisdetermined irst,tosatisfytheneedsofthe ieldinrelationtoitsdeclareduse.Themix
designthenwilldeterminetheweight,density,andthicknesswhichshouldfallwithintheparametersindicated.

SBRgranulestobedustfree,noelongatedparticlesareallowed.

Aggregatetobewashed/clean,preferablyround(peagravel).

Applicationtobeperformedbytheuseofcontinuousmixingdeviceandsuitablepavingequipment.
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Legend—ProvidersofSyntheticTurfSystems
Material/ComponentManufacturers&Suppliers
Companieswhoseprimarybusinessistoprovidematerialsormanufacturingservicesto
thesyntheticturfindustry.Theseorganizationsdonotprovideturn-keyinstallationofthe
syntheticturfsystemsnorprovidetheoverallwarrantyforaninstallation.Examplesinclude:

Adhesivesandfasteners

Backingsystems

Componentsofsyntheticturfsystems

Drainagesystems

In ill(crumbrubber,sand,etc.)

Logosand ieldgraphics

Pigmentsandmasterbatches

Syntheticturf

Shockpadsandunderlayments

Yarnand iber
Builders,Installers&Contractors
Companieswhoseprimaryresponsibilityisinstallingsyntheticsystemseitherdirectlyor
indirectlythroughasubcontractorordistributor.Buildersoftenhaveturn-keyresponsibilityforthesyntheticturfinstallationandprovidetheoverallwarrantyfortheinstallation.Itisrecognizedthatsomecompaniesinthiscategorymaybemanufacturers.Examplesinclude:

Builders and installers of sports ields, landscape, golf and/or recreation synthetic
grass

Generalcontractors(drainage, ieldremoval,irrigation,e-layer,etc.)

Sub-basecontractors
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IndependentProfessionals&Consultants
Firmswithlegallyregisteredorlicenseddesignprofessionalswhoareof iciallydesignatedassuchaswellasthosewithnon-licensedpractitionersorconsultantsthatrepresent
or advise the owner/end-user with surface and systems selection information, technical
speci ications,systemdesigns,bidandconstructiondocuments,etc.Examplesinclude:

Landscapearchitectsandcivilengineers

Independentsyntheticturfconsultants
SpecialtyManufacturers&Services
Maintenanceorganizations,equipmentmanufacturers,professionalserviceorganizations,
and other companies, typically independent, which sell their products and services primarilytothebuyerorend-user.Examplesinclude:

Business&scienti icconsulting

Fieldmarkingandpaint

Fieldremovalequipment

Insurance(third-partywarranty,bonding,etc.)

Irrigationsystems

Maintenanceinstallationequipment

Protective ieldcovers

Repairsandmaintenanceservices

Sports ieldhardware&equipment

Syntheticturfandyarnextrusionequipment
TestingLabs,Services&Equipment
Independentcompaniesthatarecapableoftestingsyntheticturfanditscomponents:

Onsitetestingserviceproviders

Testingequipmentmanufacturersand/orsuppliers

Testinglaboratories
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Disclaimer
The SuggestedGuidelinesfortheEssentialElementsofSyntheticTurfSystems are voluntary.
Thisdocumentdoesnot,inanyway,imply,suggestorguaranteethatawarranty,environmental,orperformanceissuecouldnotariseifthesystem,productorcomponentmeets
thesuggestedguidelines,nordoesitimplyorsuggestthatifanyoftheguidelinesarenot
metthattheproductwillfailtoperform.Theseguidelinesarenotstandardsandarenotto
beusedasthebasisforwarrantyorotherclaims.Theguidelineshavebeensuggestedto
enhance the use of synthetic turf sports surfaces; however, they are not intended to be,
andarenot,safetystandardsandthisdocumentdoesnotimplythataninjuryislesslikely
tooccurifthesyntheticsportssurfacemeetstheconditionsandsuggestedguidelinescontainedherein.
AbouttheSyntheticTurfCouncil
BasedinAtlanta,theSyntheticTurfCouncilwasfoundedin2003topromotetheindustry
andtoassistbuyersandenduserswiththeselection,useand maintenanceofsynthetic
turfsystemsinsports ield,golf,municipalparks,airports,landscapeandresidentialapplications.Theorganizationisalsoaresourceforcurrent,credible,andindependentresearch on the safety and environmental impact of synthetic turf. Membership includes
builders,landscapearchitects,testinglabs,maintenanceproviders,manufacturers,suppliers, installation contractors, in ill material suppliers and other specialty service companies.Formoreinformation,visittheSTC’sOnlineBuyers’GuideandMemberDirectoryat
www.syntheticturfcouncil.org.
STC©November2011
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www.SyntheticTurfCouncil.org
SyntheticTurfCouncil
400GalleriaParkway,Suite1500
Atlanta,GA30339
Phone:678.385.6720|Fax:678.385.6501
www.syntheticturfcouncil.org
OnlineBuyer’sGuideandMemberDirectory
www.stc.of icialbuyersguide.net