Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
The Cambridge Companion to
THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
S
This Companion volume offers fifteen original essays on the Hellenistic
world and is intended to complement and supplement general histories
of the period from Alexander the Great to Kleopatra VII of Egypt.
Each chapter treats a different aspect of the Hellenistic world – religion,
philosophy, family, economy, material culture, and military campaigns,
among other topics. The essays address key questions about this period:
To what extent were Alexander’s conquests responsible for the creation
of this new “Hellenistic age”? What is the essence of this world and
how does it differ from its Classical predecessor? What continuities
and discontinuities can be identified? Collectively, the essays provide
an in-depth view of a complex world. The volume also provides the
most recent bibliography on the topics along with recommendations
for further reading.
Glenn R. Bugh is associate professor of ancient and Byzantine history
at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg,
Virginia. A recipient of fellowships from the American School of
Classical Studies in Athens, the Center for Hellenic Studies in
Washington, DC, and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
NJ, he recently served as Whitehead Visiting Professor at the American
School of Classical Studies. He is the author of The Horsemen of Athens.
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
The Cambridge Companion to
THE HELLENISTIC
WORLD
S
Edited by
Glenn R. Bugh
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
cambridge university press
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521828796
c
Cambridge University Press 2006
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2006
Printed in the United States of America
A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
The Cambridge companion to the Hellenistic world / edited by Glenn R. Bugh.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn-13: 978-0-521-82879-6 (hardback)
isbn-10: 0-521-82879-1 (hardback)
1. Mediterranean Region – History – To 476. 2. Greece – History –
Macedonian Hegemony, 323–281 b.c. 3. Greece – History – 281–146 b.c.
4. Hellenism. I. Bugh, Glenn Richard, 1948– II. Title.
de86.c35 2006
938 .08 – dc22
2005028730
isbn-13 978-0-521-82879-6 hardback
isbn-10 0-521-82879-1 hardback
isbn-13 978-0-521-53570-0 paperback
isbn-10 0-521-53570-0 paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for
the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or
third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication
and does not guarantee that any content on such
Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Contents
S
List of Illustrations
List of Contributors
Preface
Abbreviations
Hellenistic Timeline
Hellenistic Maps
page vii
ix
xiii
xv
xix
xxiii
Introduction
1
GLENN R. BUGH
1
Alexander the Great and the Creation of the
Hellenistic Age
9
A. B. BOSWORTH
2
The Hellenistic Kingdoms
28
WINTHROP LINDSAY ADAMS
3
The Polis and Federalism
52
D. GRAHAM J. SHIPLEY WITH MOGENS H. HANSEN
4
Hellenistic Economies
73
JOHN K. DAVIES
5
The Hellenistic Family
93
DOROTHY J. THOMPSON
6
History and Rhetoric
113
GRAHAM J. OLIVER
7
Material Culture
136
SUSAN I. ROTROFF
8
Hellenistic Art: Two Dozen Innovations
158
ANDREW STEWART
v
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Contents
9
Language and Literature
186
NITA KREVANS AND ALEXANDER SENS
10
Greek Religion: Continuity and Change in the
Hellenistic Period
208
JON D. MIKALSON
11
Philosophy for Life
223
ROBERT W. SHARPLES
12
Science, Medicine, and Technology
241
PAUL T. KEYSER AND GEORGIA IRBY-MASSIE
13
Hellenistic Military Developments
265
GLENN R. BUGH
14
Greeks and Non-Greeks
295
ERICH S. GRUEN
15
Recent Trends and New Directions
315
D. GRAHAM J. SHIPLEY
Hellenistic Dynasties
Works Cited
Index
327
331
361
vi
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Illustrations
S
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Histogram of numbers of recorded Mediterranean
wrecks, by century.
A long-petal bowl from the workshop of Apollodoros,
found in the foundation trench of the Athenian
Metroon.
Amphoras from Rhodes, Knidos, Chios, and Italy,
destroyed in the Sullan sack of Athens in 86 b.c.
Stamp on a Rhodian handle, with the head of Helios
and the name of the eponym, Sostratos.
Stamp on the other handle of the same amphora, giving
the fabricant, Agoranax, and the month, Artamitios.
A Hellenistic drinking assemblage with a large cup and a
small krater decorated in West Slope technique, and a
small oinochoe.
Three lagynoi found in Athens.
Drinking cup of Achaemenid shape, Sardis,
third century.
Second-century moldmade bowl made at Sardis.
The tomb of Iasion-Aëtion? Pseudo-Mycenaean
doorway in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on
Samothrace.
Terracotta figurine from Tanagra: draped woman
wearing a sun hat and holding a fan.
Alexander the Great with diadem and Ammon’s horns.
Tetradrachm minted by King Lysimachos of Thrace,
297–281 b.c.
Plan of Alexandria in the Hellenistic period.
Reconstruction of the Establishment of the
Poseidoniasts of Berytos (Beirut) at Delos, ca. 100 b.c.
vii
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Illustrations
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
The Khazneh at Petra. A royal tomb, either of King
Aretas III Philhellen (reigned, ca. 85–62 b.c.) or of King
Aretas IV Philopatris (reigned 9 b.c.–a.d. 40).
The “Lion Goddess” from the Gigantomachy frieze of
the Great Altar at Pergamon, ca. 160 b.c.
Comic mask of a young dandy wearing a fantastic party
hat and surrounded by garlands of fruits and flowers, ca.
200–100 b.c.
Portrait head from Delos, ca. 100 b.c. A merchant or
other notable, originally inserted into a (draped?) body.
Two panels of the Odyssey frieze from a cryptoporticus on
the Esquiline Hill, Rome, Vatican Museums.
Diadem from Thessaly, ca. 200–100 b.c.
The “Tazza Farnese,” ca. 100–25 b.c. Allegory of the
prosperity of Egypt under Ptolemaic or (possibly) early
Roman rule.
Diagram of Erastosthenes of Cyrene’s measurement of
the circumference of the earth.
Diagram of the sambuca, a Hellenistic siege machine
made famous at the Roman siege of Syracuse,
213–211 b.c.
Diagram of Erastosthenes of Cyrene’s duplication of the
cube.
The three-talent stone projector of Demetrios
Poliorketes.
viii
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Contributors
S
WINTHROP LINDSAY ADAMS is Professor of History at the University
of Utah. His publications include “The Successors to Alexander,” in The
Greek World in the Fourth Century, edited by L. A. Tritle (Routledge,
1997), and Alexander the Great: Legacy of a Conqueror in the Library of
World Biography series, edited by P. N. Stearns (New York, 2004), as
well as a number of articles on ancient Macedonia.
A. B. BOSWORTH is Professor of Classics and Ancient History at the
University of Western Australia. Among his many publications are The
Legacy of Alexander: Politics, Warfare, and Propaganda under the Successors (Oxford, 2002); Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the
Great (Cambridge, 1988); A Historical Commentary on Arrian’s History of
Alexander, 2 vols (Oxford, 1980, 1995); and Alexander and the East: The
Tragedy of Triumph (Oxford, 1996; hardback reprint, 2001).
GLENN R. BUGH is Associate Professor of Ancient History at Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University. His publications include The
Horsemen of Athens (Princeton, 1988) and articles on Athens in the
Hellenistic period, Polybios in the Alexiad of the Byzantine princess
Anna Comnena, and the Greek mercenary cavalry in early sixteenthcentury Venice. He has given papers at international conferences on
the survival of democratic institutions in Hellenistic Athens, Menander
and mercenaries, and the use of lasers in the study of inscriptions. He is
under contract with Cambridge University Press for a book on fourthcentury b.c. Athens.
JOHN K. DAVIES, FBA, is Emeritus Professor of Ancient History and
Classical Archaeology at the University of Liverpool. He is the author of
numerous articles, essays, and books, including the Athenian Propertied
Families (Oxford, 1971, 2nd edn. in preparation), Democracy and Classical
Greece (Stanford, 1978, 2nd edn., 1993), and Cambridge Ancient History,
ix
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Contributors
2nd edn., VII.1, chapt. 8 (1984), and co-editor of Hellenistic Economies
(Routledge, 2001). His work has focused largely on the economic,
social, cultural, and administrative history of classical and Hellenistic
Greece.
ERICH S. GRUEN is the Gladys Rehard Wood Professor of History and
Classics at the University of California at Berkeley. His research deals
with the political and cultural history of Rome, Hellenistic societies,
and the Jews in the Greco-Roman world. His numerous publications
include The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome (Berkeley, 1984),
Heritage and Hellenism: The Reinvention of Jewish Tradition (Berkeley,
1998), and Diaspora: Jews Amidst Greeks and Romans (Cambridge, MA,
2002).
MOGENS H. HANSEN is Professor of Classics and Director of the
Copenhagen Polis Centre at the University of Copenhagen. He is the
author and editor of numerous articles and books on Greek political
systems and the Greek polis from the archaic through the Hellenistic
period, including The Ancient Greek City-State (Copenhagen, 1993);
Polis and City-State: An Ancient Concept and Its Modern Equivalent
(Copenhagen, 1998); The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes,
2nd edn. (London, 1999), and (co-edited with T. H. Nielsen) An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (Oxford, 2004).
GEORGIA IRBY-MASSIE is Assistant Professor of Classics at the College
of William and Mary. She is the author of works on ancient religion,
Roman epigraphy, and ancient science, including (co-edited with P. T.
Keyser) Greek Science of the Hellenistic Era: A Source Book (Routledge,
2002) and Biographical Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists (under
contract, Routledge).
PAUL T. KEYSER is an independent scholar, IBM’s Watson Research
Center, Hawthorne, New York, and holds two PhD degrees, one in
physics, the other in classics. He is the author of works on gravitational
physics and numerous articles on ancient science, including (co-edited
with G. Irby-Massie) Greek Science of the Hellenistic Era: A Source Book
(Routledge, 2002) and Biographical Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists (under contract, Routledge).
NITA KREVANS is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of
Minnesota. She has published articles on Hellenistic and Latin poetry,
x
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Contributors
including “Dido, Hypsipyle and the Bedclothes,” in Hermathena (2003)
and “Callimachus and the Pedestrian Muse,” in Hellenistica Groningana
7 (2004). Her forthcoming book, The Poet as Editor: The Poetic Collection
from Callimachus to Ovid, is being published by Princeton.
JON D. MIKALSON is William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Classics at
the University of Virginia. He is the author of numerous books on
ancient Greek religion, including Honor Thy Gods: Popular Religion in
Greek Tragedy (Chapel Hill, NC, 1991), Religion in Hellenistic Athens
(Berkeley, 1998), Herodotus and Religion in the Persian Wars (Chapel Hill,
NC, 2003), and Ancient Greek Religion (Blackwell, 2005).
GRAHAM J. OLIVER is Lecturer in Ancient Greek Culture at the University of Liverpool. His publications include articles on the economy of
Athens in the Hellenistic period and several co-edited books, including
Hellenistic Economies (Routledge, 2001). His monograph, War, Food, and
Politics in Early Hellenistic Athens is being published by Oxford (2006).
His new edition of state laws and decrees of Athens, 321–301 b.c., will
appear as a fascicle in the third edition of Inscriptiones Graecae, Vol. 2.
SUSAN I. ROTROFF is Jarvis Thurston and Mona Van Duyn Profes-
sor in the Humanities at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
Her primary interests are in the topography of ancient Athens and in
Hellenistic material culture, particularly pottery. Her most recent books
include Hellenistic Pottery: Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware
and Related Material, Athenian Agora (Princeton, 1997); The Hellenistic
Pottery from Sardis (Cambridge, MA, 2003), co-edited with A. Oliver,
Jr.; and Hellenistic Pottery: The Plain Wares, Athenian Agora (Princeton,
2005).
ALEXANDER SENS is Associate Professor of Classics at Georgetown
University. He is the author of numerous articles and monographs on
Hellenistic literature, including Theocritus: Dioscuri (Idyll 22): Introduction, Text, and Commentary: Hypomnemata 114 (Göttingen, 1997) and
Archestratos of Gela: Text, Translation, and Commentary (with S. D. Olson;
Oxford, 2000).
ROBERT W. SHARPLES is Professor of Classics at University College
London. He is the author of articles and books on Hellenistic philosophy, including Stoics, Epicureans, Sceptics: An Introduction to Hellenistic
Philosophy (Routledge, 1996); Theophrastus of Eresus: Sources for His Life,
xi
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Contributors
Writings, Thought and Influence, Commentary vols. 3.1, Sources on Physics
(Leiden, 1998) and 5, Sources on Biology (Leiden, 1995); and Alexander
of Aphrodisias: Supplement to On the Soul (Duckworth, 2004).
D. GRAHAM J. SHIPLEY, FSA, is Professor of Ancient History at
the University of Leicester and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries
of London. He is the author of numerous articles and books on the
Hellenistic period, including A History of Samos 800–188 BC (Oxford,
1987) and The Greek World after Alexander 323–30 BC (Routledge, 2000),
and co-author of The Laconia Survey, I–II (London, 1996–2002, British
School of Athens).
ANDREW STEWART is Professor of Ancient Mediterranean Art and
Archaeology at the University of California at Berkeley. He is the
author of numerous articles, field reports, and books on Hellenistic
art and architecture, including Attika: Studies in Athenian Sculpture of
the Hellenistic Age (London, 1979); Greek Sculpture: An Exploration (New
Haven, CT, 1990); Faces of Power: Alexander’s Image and Hellenistic Politics
(Berkeley, 1993); Art, Desire, and the Body in Ancient Greece (Cambridge,
1996); and Attalos, Athens, and the Akropolis: The Pergamene “Little Barbarians” and Their Roman and Renaissance Legacy (Cambridge, 2005).
DOROTHY J. THOMPSON is a Fellow of Girton College and Isaac
Newton Trust Lecturer in the Faculty of Classics at Cambridge
University. She is the author of numerous articles and books on the
social and economic aspects of Greco-Roman Egypt, including Memphis
Under the Ptolemies (Princeton, 1988). Her two-volume work (coauthored with W. Clarysse), Counting the People of Hellenistic Egypt, is
being published by Cambridge (2006).
xii
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Preface
S
Almost four years ago, I accepted the invitation to edit this volume in the
“Companion” series of Cambridge University Press. The opportunity
to publish a book on the Hellenistic world was too tempting to refuse. I
started out my graduate career with every intention of following in the
footsteps of W. W. Tarn, but along the way, I was drawn to other projects,
some only distantly related to the Greek world. But I never forgot my
first calling and made a special point of including the rich Hellenistic
material in my book on the Horsemen of Athens (1988). In truth, I have
never strayed too far from Hellenistic Athens, as my publications and
papers attest, and still intend one day to write a monograph on Athens in
the second century b.c. My nearly thirty-year-long association with the
American School of Classical Studies at Athens, from graduate Fellow
to visiting professor, has inspired and nurtured much of this interest.
The warmth and hospitality of the American School and the support
of its director, S. V. Tracy, a dedicated Hellenist, and his staff have been
greatly appreciated. Thanks go also to Greg Nagy, director of the Center
for Hellenic Studies in Washington, DC, who kindly granted me access
to the center’s splendid library (along with a guest room in the Stoa) on
several research trips.
No book, especially not an edited one, can be written without
the assistance of friends and colleagues. I single out a few by name:
Linda Fountaine, my former department executive assistant who produced the initial merging of the chapter bibliographies and provided
general administrative support; Tom Henderson, a doctoral student
at Florida State University and the Lucy Shoe Meritt Fellow at the
American School of Classical Studies in Athens for 2004–2005, who
spent many hours tidying up the general bibliography and crafting a draft
of the timeline; Maria Liston, the American School Wiener Lab Visiting
Research Professor for 2004–2005, who tracked down a number of bibliographical references; John Boyer, former student and instructor in the
Geography Department at Virginia Tech, who produced the maps; and
xiii
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Preface
Gail Marney, graduate student at Virginia Tech, who assisted with the
index.
Finally, I wish to express my appreciation to Beatrice Rehl, editor of Cambridge University Press, who offered both sympathy and
encouragement all along the way. As for my contributors, it has been
an honor to have collaborated with such a distinguished group on this
book, and I cannot thank them enough for their understanding during
the dark days of submission delays. Inevitably there is some duplication
of discussion between chapters, but I felt it essential to let each author’s
voice sound through, e.g., both Shipley and Stewart discuss town planning, and Sharples and Krevans and Sens overlap on philosophers and
literary figures. Special thanks go to Graham Shipley for interrupting
his busy schedule to read over parts of the proofs and catching many
errors that escaped my eye. Needless to say, I bear sole responsibility for
any errors yet remaining.
And for my wife, Suzanne, who thought that I had taken up
permanent residence at my office, beatification for her patience is a
lock.
Glenn R. Bugh
Athens and Blacksburg, June 2005
xiv
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Abbreviations
S
Abbreviations for ancient authors and their works can be found in
OCD3 or in H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, eds. A Greek-English Lexicon,
9th edn., with revised supplement. Oxford, 1996. What follows is a list
of abbreviations for journals and special epigraphical or papyrological
collections. Of particular relevance to Chapter 5, papyri are abbreviated
according the system described in J. F. Oates et al., Checklist of Editions of Greek, Latin, Demotic and Coptic Papyri, Ostraca and Tablets, BASP
Supplement 9, 5th edn. (Oakville, CT, 2001).
AC
AJA
AJP
AncSoc
AncW
BAR
BASP
BCH
BICS
BJHS
BSA
C&M
CA
CAH
CJ
CQ
CR
CRAI
EA
EK
L’Antiquité classique
American Journal of Archaeology
American Journal of Philology
Ancient Society
Ancient World
British Archaeological Reports
Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists
Bulletin de correspondance hellénique
Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
British Journal for the History of Science
Annual of the British School at Athens
Classica et Mediaevalia
Classical Antiquity
Cambridge Ancient History
Classical Journal
Classical Quarterly
Classical Review
Comptes rendus de L’Académie des Inscriptions et de
Belles-Lettres
Epigraphica Anatolica
L. Edelstein & I. G. Kidd. Posidonius I. The Fragments,
Cambridge, 1972, 1989
xv
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Abbreviations
FGrH
F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker,
Berlin, 1923–58
G&R
Greece and Rome
GGA
Göttingischer Gelehrte Anzeigen
HSCP
Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
ICS
Illinois Classical Studies
I.Fay.I
E. Bernand, Recueil des inscriptions grecques du Fayoum.
Tome I. La “méris” d’Hérakleidès. Leiden, 1975
I. Délos
Inscriptions de Délos. Paris, 1926–72
IPArk
G. Thür & H. Taeuber, Prozessrechtliche Inschriften der
griechischen Poleis: Arkadien. SBWien 607 (1994)
IG
Inscriptiones Graecae. Berlin, 1873–
ISE
L. Moretti, Iscrizioni storiche ellenistiche, 2 vols.
Florence, 1967–76
JAOS
Journal of The American Oriental Society
JHS
Journal of Hellenic Studies
JRS
Journal of Roman Studies
LIMC
Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (1981–)
Milet I.3
A. Rehm & G. Kawerau, Das Delphinion in Milet.
Berlin, 1914
ML
R. Meiggs & D. Lewis, ed., A Selection of Greek
Historical Inscriptions to the End of the Fifth Century B.C.
Oxford, 1969
NC
Numismatic Chronicle
3
OCD
S. Hornblower & A. Spawforth, eds. The Oxford
Classical Dictionary, 3rd ed. Oxford & New York, 1996
OGIS
W. Dittenberger, Orientis Graecae Inscriptiones Selectae,
2 vols. Leipzig, 1903–1905
PDIA
Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens
RC
C. B. Welles, Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic
Period. New Haven, CT, 1934
REG
Revue des études grecques
RhM
Rheinisches Museum für Philologie
RO
P. J. Rhodes & R. Osborne, eds. Greek Historical
Inscriptions 404–323 BC. Oxford, 2003
SCO
Studi classici et orientali
SEG
Supplementum epigraphicum Graecum. Leiden, 1923–
SH
H. Lloyd-Jones & P. Parsons, ed. Supplementum
Hellenisticum. Berlin, 1983
Staatsverträge II H. Bengtson, ed., Die Staatsverträge des Altertums II.
Munich & Berlin, 1962
xvi
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Abbreviations
Syll.3
TAPA
Tod, GHI
UPZ
ZPE
W. Dittenberger, Sylloge inscriptionum Graecarum. 3rd
edn. (and revised), 4 vols. Leipzig, 1915–24
Transactions of the American Philological Association
M. N. Tod, Greek Historical Inscriptions, vol. II,
Oxford, 1948
U. Wilcken, Urkunden der Ptolemäerzeit. Berlin and
Leipzig, 1927–1957
Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
xvii
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Timeline
S
323 b.c.
322
321
319
317–307
316
316–289
315
312
312–11
307
307–304
306
305–304
304
302
301
Death of Alexander the Great (13 June); organization of
succession; Ptolemy becomes satrap of Egypt; outbreak of
Lamian War
Battle of Krannon: Antipatros defeats southern Greeks
Triparadeisos Conference: Antipatros declared regent
Death of Antipatros, Polyperchon declared regent
Demetrios of Phaleron governs Athens
Kassandros ousts Polyperchon; executes Olympias
Agathokles’ rule in Syracuse
Antigonos founds League of Islanders; Antigonos’
proclamation at Tyre: declares freedom for Greeks; Ptolemy
proclaims freedom of Greek cities
Battle of Gaza: Ptolemy and Seleukos defeat Demetrios, son
of Antigonos
Seleukos in Babylon; beginning of Seleukid dynasty;
temporary peace among the Successors
Demetrios, son of Antigonos, takes Athens, deposes
Demetrios of Phaleron (finds refuge in Ptolemaic Egypt)
Kassandros besieges Athens
Battle of Salamis (Cyprus): Antigonos and Demetrios defeat
Ptolemy and declare themselves kings; Pyrrhos becomes
king of Epiros
Demetrios I Poliorketes fails to take Rhodes; Ptolemy,
Lysimachos, Seleukos, and Kassandros declare themselves
kings
Demetrios Poliorketes raises siege of Athens
Antigonos I and Demetrios Poliorketes revive League of
Corinthos; Philetairos becomes Lysimachos’ governor at
Pergamon
Battle of Ipsos: Kassandros, Seleukos, and Lysimachos defeat
Antigonos I and Demetrios Poliorketes; death of Antigonos
xix
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Timeline
300–295
297
295
290
287
286
281
280–275
280
277
275
275–215
274–271
272
267–263
263
261–253
255
251
250
246–241
245
243
241
229
222
220–217
219–217
219
I; division of Alexander’s empire into three Successor
kingdoms secure
Lachares’ tyranny in Athens
Kingdom of Pontos founded
Macedonian garrison installed in Athens
Aitolian League takes control of Delphi
Athens revolts from Demetrios Poliorketes
Demetrios Poliorketes captured by Seleukos; death in
captivity (283)
Battle of Korupedion: Seleukos I defeats and kills
Lysimachos; assassination of Seleukos; Philetairos becomes
dynast of Pergamon
Pyrrhic Wars in Italy and Sicily
Refoundation of Achaian League
Antigonos II Gonatas defeats Gauls, becomes king of
Macedonia and establishes Antigonid Dynasty
Pyrrhos is defeated by the Romans and evacuates Italy
Rule of Hieron II of Syracuse; ally of Rome
First Syrian War
Pyrrhos invades Laconia, killed in Argos
Chremonidean War
Antigonos Gonatas captures Athens
Second Syrian War
Cappadocia breaks away from Seleukid kingdom
Aratos frees Sikyon and joins Achaian League
Bactria breaks away from Seleukid kingdom; Parthians seize
eastern satrapies
Third Syrian War
Establishment of the Parthian kingdom; Aratos becomes
general of Achaian League; Antigonos Gonatas takes
Corinth
Aratos captures Corinth
Attalos I declares himself king of Pergamon
First Illyrian War: Rome takes action against Queen Teuta
to end her piratical activity in Adriatic; Athens freed from
Macedonian control
Battle of Sellasia: Achaian League and Antigonos III defeat
Kleomenes and Spartans
Social War
Fourth Syrian War
Second Illyrian War: Romans defeat Demetrios of Pharos
xx
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Timeline
218
217
216–205
215
213–211
212
212–205
205
202–201
202–200
200–197
200
197
196
192
191–188
189
188
187–183
183–179
172–168
168
169–168
167–160
156–154
149
148
146
142
134
133
Hannibal invades Italy
Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV defeats Antiochos III and
gains Coele-Syria
First Macedonian War
Philip V makes treaty with Hannibal
Roman siege of Syracuse; Archimedes killed
Rome makes treaty with Aitolians against Philip V
Campaigns of Antiochos III “the Great”: temporarily
regains eastern satrapies
Peace of Phoinike
Philip V campaigns in the Aegean
Fifth Syrian War
Second Macedonian War
Battle of Panion: Antiochos III defeats the Egyptian forces
and regains Coele-Syria
Battle of Kynoskephalai: Roman legions under Flamininus
defeat Philip V
Flamininus declares the restoration of Greek freedom at the
Isthmian Games
Aitolians attack Sparta, assassinate Nabis; Philopoimen
defeats Sparta and enrolls her in Achaian League
Rome’s Syrian War against Antiochos III
Battle of Magnesia: Coalition of Rome, Pergamon, and
Rhodes defeat the forces of Antiochos III
Peace of Apamea: Antiochos forced to abandon all land
north of Tauros
Eumenes II’s war against Bithynia
Eumenes II’s war against Pontos
Third Macedonian War
Battle of Pydna: Romans defeat Perseus and dissolve the
Antigonid dynasty
Sixth Syrian War
Revolt of the Maccabees
Attalos’ war with Prusias of Bithynia
Attalos II and Nikomedes depose Prusias of Bithynia
Macedon becomes a Roman province
Revolt of Achaians; Mummius sacks Corinth – end of
Achaian League; Scipio sacks Carthage in Third Punic War
Rome recognizes independence of Jerusalem
Antiochos VII retakes Jerusalem
Attalos III bequeaths the Pergamene kingdom to Rome
xxi
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Timeline
129
Death of Antiochos VII; Asia becomes a Roman province;
Judea regains independence
129–126 M. ’Aquillius organizes the province of Asia
113
Mithridates VI Eupator of Pontos seizes power
88–85
First Mithridatic War
88
Mithridates organizes massacre of 80,000 Romans in Asia;
Athens sides with Mithridates
86
Sulla sacks Athens
83–81
Second Mithridatic War
74
Nikomedes of Bithynia bequeaths his kingdom to Rome;
Rome annexes Cyrenaica as a province
73–69
Third Mithridatic War
66–63
Fourth Mithridatic War
64
Syria becomes a Roman province; Seleukid kingdom ends
63
Suicide of Mithridates; Pompey captures Jerusalem
48
Battle of Pharsalos: Caesar defeats Pompey; Pompey
assassinated in Egypt
44
Assassination of Julius Caesar
42
Battle of Philippi: Antony and Octavian defeat Brutus and
Cassius
31
Battle of Actium: Octavian and Agrippa defeat Antony and
Kleopatra
30
Suicide of Antony and Kleopatra; Octavian dissolves the
Ptolemaic kingdom
xxii
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Maps
S
1
2
3
The campaigns of Alexander the Great.
The Hellenistic kingdoms and Greek leagues.
Greece.
page xxiv
xxvi
xxviii
xxiii
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Maps
map 1. The campaigns of Alexander the Great.
xxiv
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Maps
map 1 (continued ).
xxv
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Maps
map 2. The Hellenistic kingdoms and Greek leagues.
xxvi
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Maps
map 2 (continued ).
xxvii
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Maps
map 3. Greece.
xxviii
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521535700 - The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World
Edited by Glenn R. Bugh
Frontmatter
More information
Hellenistic Maps
map 3 (continued ).
xxix
© Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org