2017 PURDUE EXTENSION
INDIANA COUNTY FAIR
POULTRY PACKET
THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS:
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Indiana State Poultry Association Provides (Pg. 1-2)
ISPA Blood Testing School Info (Pg. 3-6)
Indiana NPIP Requirements for Poultry Exhibition (Pg. 7)
Indiana County Fair Poultry NPIP Reports (Pg. 8-11)
Poultry Disease Factsheets (Pg. 12-17)
Transporting poultry In a Humane Manner (Pg. 18-19)
Raising Fowl in Urban Areas (Pg. 20-21)
2017-2019 ISPA NPIP Certified Blood Testers List (Pg. 22-25)
Indiana Test-Twelve FREE Flock Evaluation Program (Back Cover)
PLEASE KEEP THIS PACKET
FOR YOUR
COUNTY EXTENSION OFFICE
Indiana State Poultry Association
Purdue University, Animal Sciences
915 West State Street ♦ West Lafayette, IN 47907
(765) 494-8517 ♦ [email protected] ♦ www.INpoultry.com
INDIANA
STATE
POULTRY
ASSOCIATION
TO:
Purdue University, Animal Sciences
915 West State Street
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054
PH: 765-494-8517
FX: 765-496-1600
Email: [email protected]
Poultry Superintendents, County Extension Offices, and Indiana NPIP Blood Testers
FROM: Paul Brennan, Executive Vice President, Indiana State Poultry Association
SUBJECT: Indiana County Fair Poultry Packet
This packet contains information which should be helpful with Pullorum-Typhoid testing for your
Indiana County Fair and other poultry exhibitions in your county. Items of Note Include:
1) Blood Testing Schools will be held on March 30th and April 8th. Please check our website
(INpoultry.com) for more information.
2) Individuals who have already taken the NPIP Blood Testing School may re-certify online.
Please go to www.INpoultry.com, click on the “Health, Schools” Tab for more information.
3) See page 6 for a list of current sources of antigen.
4) The Indiana NPIP Requirements for Poultry Exhibition sheet lists which bird groups must be
tested for County Fair Exhibition or other poultry exhibition.
5) Exhibitors at the Indiana State Fair and County Fairs are required to submit either the
attached Indiana Poultry Exhibitor Form or the USDA VS 9-2 form.
6) Please note that the Poultry Superintendent should retain a copy of the Poultry Exhibitor
Form and/or the USDA VS 9-2 form that is submitted with poultry shown at the County Fair
or Exhibition. Exhibitors should also have a copy of these completed forms for their
own records.
7) Poultry shown at the State Fair, County Fair or an Exhibition must have:
• originated directly from a National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) Pullorum-Typhoid
certified clean flock within one year
or
• had a negative Pullorum-Typhoid test within ninety (90) days prior to exhibition
8) Indiana County Fair Poultry Superintendent’s NPIP Report: This must be signed by the
County Fair Superintendent and returned to our office within 7 days following the exhibition.
9) Indiana County Fair Poultry Superintendent’s Address Form: It allows our office to contact
your superintendent directly if the Superintendent’s Report is not turned in. Please take
advantage of our free Turkey Ruler offer on the bottom of the form.
10) A list of Certified Blood Testers by county is attached with the year their certification
expires. Counties without Blood Testers may use this list to contact nearby Blood Testers.
11) Please take advantage of the Indiana State Poultry Association’s (ISPA) FREE Flock
Testing Health Program and other programs designed for small flocks! See the back cover
for further information.
Page - 1
Indiana State
Poultry Association
You may know the Indiana State Poultry Association (ISPA) as the office
where you send the 4-H Poultry Superintendent Reports,
But did you know that we offer:

Presentations at your county on poultry topics such as showing, poultry poster
making, biosecurity (disease prevention), & tips for raising healthy birds

Poultry related pamphlets, brochures, recipes, turkey rulers and giveaways for
your event.

Free T-12 egg testing program to monitor the health of your flock
Request a free mailing box today!

2 Blood Testing/Biosecurity schools in the spring to approve new PullorumTyphoid certified testers to test flocks

A box of poultry information packets to distribute to the 4-Hers in the poultry
project each spring

2017 Backyard Biosecurity Calendars. Order yours Today!
All Services and Materials provided by the ISPA are FREE OF CHARGE for your Extension Office!
Visit our web site: www.INpoultry.com for more information. Contact us by Email: [email protected] or at (765) 494-8517
Page - 2
Indiana State Poultry Association (ISPA)
National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) Blood
Testing Schools
Classroom School:
The ISPA NPIP Blood Testing Classroom Schools are designed for those seeking first
time- certification or renewal of their certification for Pullorum-Typhoid blood testing. Two
classes are held in the spring of each year.
• Thursday, March 30th, 2017: Purdue Research Farm in Dubois, IN: 4:00 pm to 7:30
pm
• Saturday, April 8th, 2017: Purdue University, Lilly Hall, West Lafayette, IN: 8:30 am
to Noon
• To have your name, address, and e-mail added to the Blood Testing School
Announcement list – contact our office by:
o Email: [email protected]
o Telephone: 765-494-8517
Online School:
The Online Blood Testing School is designed for those who wish to be re-certified in NPIP
Pullorum-Typhoid blood testing. Only individuals that have successfully completed an
Indiana Blood Testing School class can register for the online schools. For further
information, contact the ISPA by:
• Website: www.inpoultry.com/bloodtesterrecertification
• Email: [email protected]
• Telephone: 765-494-8517
School Information:
• Cost of the school is $50 and the certification will last for three years.
• All participants will receive a binder of materials, NPIP Blood Tester card, and a pad
of VS Form 9-2 (Flock Selecting and Testing Reports).
• Classroom participants will learn how to recognize PT through the plate test
screening.
• In addition, the course will provide an introduction to biosecurity, ways to prevent
poultry disease, and provide better care for your birds.
• Instructors for the course may include Purdue Avian Pathology professors, staff,
and residents; Board of Animal Health Veterinarians; the Indiana NPIP State
Contact, and ISPA staff.
Study and Learn Before the School!
• Go to http://www.inpoultry.com/blood-testing-school-manual/ and start now!
Page - 3
ISPA’s NPIP On-Line Blood Testing School
Only individuals that have successfully completed an Indiana Blood Testing School Class
at Purdue SIPAC (Dubois) or the main Purdue campus (West Lafayette) can take the on-line test.
Checklist
1)
The registration sheet for ISPA’s NPIP On-Line Blood Testing Course is under the “HEALTH, SCHOOLS” tab
on our website (INpoultry.com). When registering you will need to provide updated contact information,
including your Indiana county of residence and payment to the ISPA office.
2) Only individuals that have successfully taken an Indiana Blood Testing School Class at Purdue SIPAC
(Dubois) or the main Purdue campus (West Lafayette) can take the on-line test.
• The on-line course is designed for re-certification of those who have already attended a class at one of the
Purdue locations.
• If you have not attended a school in the past, contact our office at [email protected] or 765-494-8517 and ask
to have your name added to the Blood Testing School list.
• Two blood testing schools are typically held in April of each year. Check our website at INpoultry.com in late
January for registration information.
3) You will need to complete all five modules, or sections, before testing for certification.
• The modules are located by selecting “Blood Testing School Manual” under the “HEALTH, SCHOOLS” section
of our website.
• There will be a short quiz at the end of each module for your review.
• Complete all course activities carefully; the information covered may be critical to the health of your flock.
• Make sure you understand the material in each module before proceeding to the next module.
• Allow adequate time (20-30 minutes) to complete each module.
• The Glossary and Additional Resources sections are supplemental materials for further information.
4) Upon completion of the on-line portion, a final examination of thirty (30) multiple-choice questions will be
issued and proctored at your local county extension office.
• Please contact your county extension office (https://extension.purdue.edu/Pages/countyoffices.aspx) to set
an exam appointment.
• You may need to ask for the 4-H poultry representative or extension educator in charge of the 4-H poultry
project.
• The county extension office will contact the ISPA office at765-494-8517 or [email protected] to set up testing
arrangements.
5)
•
•
•
After successfully completing all of the modules and passing the final examination, you will:
Receive an official blood-tester card.
Be recognized as a certified NPIP blood-tester by the Indiana State Poultry Association.
Receive a blood testing school binder of reference material and forms.
6) You will need to repeat this course every three years in order to maintain your certification.
If you have questions about the information or the procedure for becoming certified, please contact the Indiana
State Poultry Association at (765) 494-8517 or [email protected].
Page - 4
Indiana State Poultry Association’s
National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP)
Online Blood Tester Recertification School
Registration Form
This class is designed for those who wish to be recertified in NPIP Pullorum-Typhoid blood testing.
Only individuals that have successfully completed an Indiana Blood Testing School Class
at Purdue SIPAC (Dubois) or the main Purdue campus (West Lafayette) can take the on-line test.
Completion of a blood testing school is required every three (3) years to maintain NPIP certification.
--------------------------------------------- ----------- REGISTRATION FORM ------------ ----------------------------------- -----------
Name ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Indiana County ______________________ Name of Poultry Club, Company ____________________________
Street Address _______________________________________________________________________________
City__________________________________________________ State_Indiana_____ Zip___________________
Phone_______________________________ E-mail ________________________________________________________
On-Line Blood Testing School Registration
$
[Optional] Blood Testing Kit (includes bleeder with loop and testing plate)
50.00
23.00
Amount Enclosed $ _________
Please make checks out to “Indiana State Poultry Association”
Registration will not be accepted without enclosed payment.
Call to ask about credit card option.
Please return form to the:
Indiana State Poultry Association
Purdue University, Animal Sciences
915 West State Street
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054
PH: 765-494-8517  FX: 765-496-1600
[email protected]  www.INpoultry.com
Page - 5
NATIONAL
POULTRY
IMPROVEMENT
PLAN
OF
INDIANA
Indiana State Poultry Association
Purdue University, Animal Sciences
915 West State Street
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054
PH: 765-494-8517
FX: 765-496-1600
Sources for Antigen
To assist you with purchasing Antigen, the ISPA has verified that the following companies
currently offer antigen for purchase. Per federal regulation, antigen is only sold in 1,000 dose
vials. To avoid antigen shortages, ISPA recommends ordering and paying for antigen early in the
blood testing season.
Cutler’s Pheasant and Poultry Supply
1940 North Old 51 (Loree Road)
Applegate, MI 48401
PH: (810) 633-9450
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: www.cutlersupply.com
Antigen Cost: $169.50
Note: They ship on MONDAY only.
Twin City Poultry Supplies, LLC
P.O. Box 215
Baltimore, OH 43105
PH: (614) 595-8608
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: www.twincitypoultrysupplies.com
Antigen Cost: $161.95
Smith Poultry Supply
14000 West 215th Street
Bucyrus, KS 66013
PH: (913) 879-2587
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: www.poultrysupplies.com
Antigen Cost: $159.00 (expires 06/22/2017)
Stromberg’s Chicks & Gamebirds Unlimited
100 York Street
P.O. Box 400
Pine River, MN 56474
PH: (800) 720-1134
EMAIL: [email protected]
WEBSITE: www.strombergschickens.com
Antigen Cost: $167.00
March 2016
Page - 6
INDIANA
STATE
POULTRY
ASSOCIATION
Paul Wm. Brennan
Executive Vice President
Purdue University, Animal Sciences
915 West State Street
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054
PH: 765-494-8517
FX: 765-496-1600
Indiana NPIP Requirements for Poultry Exhibition
12/02/13
The Indiana State Poultry Association (ISPA) is the official state agency for Indiana’s National
Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP).
In 1981 Indiana became an official U. S. Pullorum-Typhoid Clean state. To maintain this
classification, all poultry (including exhibition, exotic and game birds but excluding waterfowl,
doves, and pigeons) going to a public exhibition (county fair) shall come from a U. S. PullorumTyphoid Clean or equivalent flock, or test negative for pullorum-typhoid within 90 days prior to
public exhibition.
4-H County Fair Exhibition: Each county should have a designated Poultry Superintendent
to verify that birds have:
•
•
originated directly from a National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP)
Pullorum-Typhoid certified clean flock within one year
or
had a negative Pullorum-Typhoid test within ninety (90) days prior to exhibition
Within 7 days after your county fair exhibition, each Poultry Superintendent must submit
a signed Poultry Superintendent Report to the ISPA office to verify that all birds in the
exhibition followed the requirements described above.
Exhibitors at both the Indiana State Fair and County Fairs are required to submit the Indiana
Poultry Exhibitor Form. A USDA VS 9-2 form may also be used.
If you have any questions, please:
• call ISPA office at 765-494-8517
• fax at 765-496-1600)
• e-mail at [email protected]
Notes:
• Waterfowl, doves, and pigeons do not need to be tested for P-T before exhibition.
• All chickens, turkey, and game birds (example: domesticated fowl such as pheasant,
partridges, quail, grouse and guineas) must originate from a NPIP P-T certified clean
flock within one year or have a negative P-T test within 90 days prior to exhibition.
• In addition to commercial poultry, the NPIP covers the following three groups:
o Waterfowl: Domesticated Fowl that normally swim, such as ducks and geese.
o Exhibition Poultry: Domesticated fowl which are bred for the combined
purposes of meat or egg production and competitive showing.
o Game Birds: Domesticated fowl such as pheasant, partridges, quail, grouse and
guineas, but not doves and pigeons.
Page - 7
DON’T GET CAUGHT WITHOUT THESE FORMS!
These forms are required for poultry exhibition (county, state
fair, etc.) in the state of Indiana
Indiana County Fair Poultry
Exhibitor Form
This form can be used by the
exhibitor to certify that all their
poultry to be shown at the county
fair came from NPIP P-T clean flocks
or were P-T tested with 90 days of
the start of the county fair.
Form can be completed by bird
owner or a certified Blood Tester.
Bird owners should always keep a
completed copy of the form for
their records.
Superintendents will retain the form
in their records. It does not need to
be submitted to the ISPA office.
USDA APHIS VS
Form 9-2
This federal form is
used by the exhibitor
to certify that all their
poultry to be shown at
the county fair were
P-T tested within 90
days.
Form is completed by
Authorized Agent
(Certified Blood
Tester).
Page - 8
INDIANA POULTRY
EXHIBITOR FORM
11/04/13
Indiana was certified a United States Pullorum-Typhoid Clean State on December 9, 1981.
In order to maintain this classification, we must comply with 7 specific requirements.
One of these requirements pertains to exhibition poultry.
Therefore, by law, to exhibit, your poultry must have either:
• originated directly from a National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) Pullorum-Typhoid
certified clean flock within one year
or
• had a negative Pullorum-Typhoid test within ninety (90) days prior to exhibition.
******************************************************************************
I, the undersigned:
Exhibitor's Printed Name ___________________________________
Exhibitor’s Signature ________________________________________
Address __________________________________________________
City ___________________________ State ______ Zip __________
Telephone _______________________Date _____________________
hereby attest that the poultry exhibited by me in Indiana:
_____
have originated from an officially NPIP Pullorum-Typhoid Clean flock.
Flock\Hatchery Owner's Name _______________________________
Address ___________________________________________________
City _______________________________ State ______ Zip ________
Telephone _________________________________________________
Fax ______________________________________________________
State NPIP Approval Number __________________________________
************ and/or ************
_____
have been tested negative for Pullorum-Typhoid within ninety (90) days
preceding exhibition.
______________________________________
Certified NPIP Blood Tester (signature)
__________________
Date of Test
Present this document to the County Fair Poultry Superintendent or other assigned
representative.
Bird Owner: Complete this document and submit it to the County Fair Poultry
Superintendent, State Fair representative or other assigned representative. This documents acts as
a 9-2 form. Retain a copy of these completed forms for your own records.
Superintendent: The County Fair Poultry Superintendent keeps the Exhibitor Forms and
9-2 forms for his/her records. The Superintendent submits the “Superintendent’s NPIP Report” to
the Indiana State Poultry Association.
Questions? Contact the ISPA at 765-494-8517 or [email protected].
Page - 9
INDIANA COUNTY FAIR POULTRY
SUPERINTENDENT’S
NPIP REPORT
11/01/2016
This certifies that POULTRY EXHIBITORS showing at the
_______________________________ COUNTY FAIR
have either provided documents demonstrating that the birds:
(Select Option Listed Below and Sign/Date)
□ Originated DIRECTLY from a National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP)
Pullorum-Typhoid certified clean flock WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR
or
□ Had a NEGATIVE Pullorum-Typhoid test WITHIN NINETY (90) DAYS
PRIOR TO EXHIBITION.
or
□ __________________ COUNTY DID NOT EXHIBIT POULTRY THIS YEAR
Name of Superintendent: ______________________________________________
(PLEASE PRINT YOUR NAME)
Signature of Superintendent: ___________________________________________
Date: __________________________
THIS REPORT MUST BE SUBMITTED TO THE INDIANA STATE
POULTRY ASSOCIATION OFFICE WITHIN SEVEN (7) DAYS
OF THE FAIR OR EXHIBITION.
Submit completed form via EMAIL or FAX or MAIL
Indiana State Poultry Association,
Purdue Animal Sciences, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
PH: (765) 494-8517
FAX: (765) 496-1600
[email protected]
Page - 10
INDIANA COUNTY FAIR POULTRY
SUPERINTENDENT’S
ADDRESS FORM
11/01/2016
The Indiana County Fair Poultry Superintendent’s Report is due within seven (7) days of the county
fair. If the poultry superintendent’s report is not turned in, this form will allow our office to contact
your superintendent for the report.
We may also use the contact information to send important notices regarding poultry health issues
throughout the year. If your county does not have a Poultry Superintendent, consider listing your 4-H
Youth Development Extension Educator as a main contact person.
This is an internal list and will not be shared with the public.
COUNTY: ______________________________________________________________________
Name of Superintendent: _________________________________________________________
Street: _________________________________________________________________________
City: _____________________________ State: Indiana ZIpcode: ________________________
EMAIL: _________________________________________________________________________
Main Contact Phone Number: ______________________________________________________
Submit completed form via EMAIL or FAX or MAIL
Indiana State Poultry Association
Purdue Animal Sciences, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
PH: (765) 494-8517 FAX: (765) 496-1600 [email protected]
Would your Extension Office or local Poultry Club be interested in FREE Turkey Market Development Council
Rulers (TMDC) for AG Days and other Events?
Please send me:
□ 200 RULERS
□ 800 RULERS
□ 400 RULERS
□ 1000 RULERS
□ 600 RULERS
□ _____ RULERS
Send the Rulers To:
Extension Office: ________________________________________________________________________
Contact Person: _________________________________________________________________________
Street: ________________________________________________________________________________
Street: ________________________________________________________________________________
City: ____________________________________ State: Indiana ZIpcode: __________________________
Telephone or Email: ______________________________________________________________________
(To confirm your TMDC Ruler Order)
Page - 11
HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA
INFORMATION AND BIOSECURITY
Worldwide, many strains of avian influenza (AI) virus can cause varying degrees of clinical
illness in poultry. AI viruses can infect chickens, turkeys, pheasants, quail, ducks, geese, and
guinea fowl, as well as a wide variety of other birds. Migratory waterfowl have proved to be the
natural reservoir for this disease.
AI viruses can be classified into low pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI) forms
based on the severity of the illness they cause. Most AI virus strains are LPAI and typically
cause little or no clinical signs in infected birds. However, some LPAI virus strains are capable
of mutating under field conditions into HPAI viruses.
HPAI is an extremely infectious and fatal form of the disease for chickens. The U.S. Department
of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) works to keep
HPAI from becoming established in the U.S. poultry population. HPAI can strike poultry quickly
without any infection warning signs. Once established, the disease can spread rapidly from flock
to flock. It is essential for the U.S. poultry industry to be alert to this disease threat.
Clinical Signs
Birds affected with HPAI may show one or more of the following signs:
• Sudden death without clinical signs
• Lack of energy and appetite
• Decreased egg production
• Soft-shelled or misshapen eggs
• Swelling of the head, eyelids, comb, wattles, and hocks
• Purple discoloration of the wattles, combs, and legs
• Nasal discharge
• Coughing, sneezing
• Incoordination
• Diarrhea
Hoosier bird owners who notice these signs should report them to:
1-866-536-7593.
Biosecurity Measures
On the Farm
Poultry producers should strengthen biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction of HPAI
into their flocks. The following are some sound biosecurity practices:
• Keep an "all-in, all-out" philosophy of flock management.
• Protect poultry flocks from coming into contact with wild or migratory birds. Keep poultry
away from any source of water that may have been contaminated by wild birds.
• Permit only essential workers and vehicles to enter the farm.
• Provide clean clothing and disinfection facilities for employees.
• Thoroughly clean and disinfect equipment and vehicles (including tires and
undercarriage) entering and leaving the farm.
• Do not loan, or borrow equipment or vehicles to/from other farms.
Page - 12
•
•
Avoid visiting other poultry farms. If you do visit another farm or live-bird market, change
footwear and clothing before working with your own flock.
Do not bring birds from slaughter channels, especially live-bird markets, back to the
farm.
At Live-bird Markets
To prevent a possible outbreak of HPAI, poultry producers and dealers must also use
biosecurity precautions at live-bird markets. Live-bird markets operate in many major cities.
Avian influenza viruses can be introduced into these markets if they receive infected birds or
contaminated crates and trucks. Once the virus is established in the market, the movement of
birds, crates, or trucks from a contaminated market can spread the virus to other farms and
markets.
Therefore, the following protective measures should be taken at live-bird markets to prevent the
possible spread of disease:
• Use plastic instead of wooden crates for easier cleaning.
• Keep scales and floors clean of manure, feathers, and other debris.
• Clean and disinfect all equipment, crates, and vehicles before returning them to the
farm.
• Keep incoming poultry separate from unsold birds, especially if birds are from different
lots.
• Clean and disinfect the marketplace after every day of sale.
• Do not return unsold birds to the farm.
For more specific information about biosecurity and cleaning and disinfection practices, contact
your local USDA APHIS' Veterinary Services (VS) office. Indiana's USDA APHIS VS office may
be reached at: 317-347-3100.
Disease Prevention
USDA requires that all imported birds (poultry, pet birds, birds exhibited at zoos, and ratites) be
quarantined and tested for this virus before entering the country.
In addition to international import restrictions, APHIS and state veterinarians specially trained to
diagnose foreign animal diseases regularly conduct field investigations of suspicious disease
conditions. This surveillance is assisted by university personnel, State animal health officials,
USDA-accredited veterinarians, and members of industry who report suspicious cases.
Furthermore, APHIS and state animal health officials work cooperatively with the poultry
industry to conduct surveillance at breeding flocks, slaughter plants, live-bird markets, livestock
auctions, and poultry dealers.
APHIS veterinarians are working with their state counterparts and the industry to implement
measures such as quarantine, control, and cleanup to prevent opportunities for the virus to
spread.
What should I do if I suspect HPAI in my flock? Call the USDA
Veterinary Service office at: 1-866-536-7593.
Information in this document adapted from
the Indiana Board of Animal Health Website.
Page - 13
Biosecurity and Wild Birds
United States Department of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Last Modified: Oct 13, 2015
Since December 2014, APHIS has confirmed more than 200 cases of highly pathogenic avian
influenza (HPAI) H5 in U.S commercial and backyard poultry flocks, as well as in wild birds. Wild
migratory birds, particularly waterfowl, can carry this disease.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services needs hunters and bird watchers to keep an
eye out for signs HPAI. These include the unexplained die-offs of birds or birds showing signs of
being sick.
Bird Enthusiasts
Do not pick up deceased or obviously sick birds. Contact your State, tribal, or Federal natural
resources agency if you find sick or dead birds. In Indiana, use the hotline phone number in the
chart below.
• Wear rubber gloves when cleaning your bird feeders.
• Wash hands with soap and water immediately after cleaning feeders.
• Do not eat, drink, or smoke while cleaning bird feeders.
Hunters
Follow routine precautions when handling wild birds.
• Do not handle or consume game animals that are obviously sick or found dead.
• Do not eat, drink, or smoke while cleaning game.
• Wear rubber gloves when cleaning game.
• Wash hands with soap and water, or alcohol wipes, immediately after handling game.
• Wash tools and working surfaces with soap and water and then disinfect.
• Keep uncooked game in a separate container, away from cooked or ready-to-eat foods.
• Cook game meat thoroughly; poultry should reach an internal temperature of 165 degree
Fahrenheit to kill disease organisms and parasites.
• To report unusual signs in birds you have seen in the wild, call 1-866-4-USDA-WS. To learn
more about how you can help, visit usda.gov/birdflu. In Indiana, use the hotline phone
number in the chart below.
Hotlines
Report dead poultry
1-866-536-7593
Report dead wild birds
(5 or more dead wild birds)
812-334-1137
[email protected]
Information
http://healthybirds.aphis.usda.gov/
Page - 14
VME-18-03
Veterinary Preventive Medicine, 1900 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210
Common External Parasites in Poultry: Lice and Mites
Carrie L. Pickworth
Avian Disease Investigation Laboratory
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine
The Ohio State University
Teresa Y. Morishita
Extension Poultry Veterinarian
Ohio State University Extension
arasites can be detected on the external surfaces of the body
by way of a thorough physical examination. Periodical examination of the flock can help to detect an early infestation and can
help to prevent a larger flock outbreak. It is important to detect
infestations early because of the restrictions on treatments available for food-producing birds. Moreover, many of the parasites
have an environmental component so treating the environment is
also necessary for controlling infestations. Prevention and early
detection are the keys to successful treatment and control of
external parasites in poultry flocks. The most common external
parasites seen in poultry are lice and mites.
ments, the Tropical Fowl Mite) and the Chicken Mite (or Red
Roost Mite).
The Northern Fowl Mite is the most common external parasite
in poultry, especially in cool weather climates. It sucks blood from
all different types of fowl and can live in the temperate regions
of the world. As compared to the Chicken Mite, the Northern
Fowl Mite primarily remains on the host for its entire life cycle.
These mites can live off the host bird for 2 to 3 weeks. These
mites are small and black or brown in color, have 8 legs, and
are commonly spread through bird-to-bird contact. The Tropical
Fowl Mite is comparable to the Northern Fowl Mite but lives in
the tropical regions.
The Chicken Mite is a nocturnal mite that is primarily a warm
weather pest. These mites suck the blood from the birds at night
P
Poultry Lice
Poultry lice are tiny, wingless, 6-legged, flat-bodied, insects
with broad, round heads. They lay their eggs on the host birdʼs
feathers, especially near the base of the feather shaft (Figure 1). A
female louse will lay 50 to 300 eggs at a time, which she cements
to the feather shaft. There are several species of lice that affect
poultry, and multiple species can affect a bird at any given time.
Some species can be localized on specific locations like the quill
lice; or others can be found over most of the body surface like the
chicken body lice. The lice found on poultry do not suck blood
as the lice found in other species of animals; rather they feed on
dry skin scales, feathers, and scabs. However, they will ingest
blood extruding from irritated skin. The entire life cycle of the
lice occurs on the host bird, primarily in the feathers. Poultry lice
are host specific and cannot be transferred to humans.
Fall and winter are the most common times to observe lice
infestations. Inspect the ventral region of the bird for live lice
crawling on the bird and for nits (lice eggs) as most infestations
start in this area of the birdʼs body. Eggs are white and commonly
appear in bunches on the lower feather shaft. Feathers of infested
birds may have a moth-eaten appearance. Due to the feather damage, the bird may have a dull or roughened appearance.
Poultry Mites
There are two major types of mites found on the body of
poultry. They are the Northern Fowl Mite (or in tropical environ-
Figure 1. Lice eggs at the base of the feather shaft
Page - 15
VME-18-03—page 2
and then hide in the cracks and crevices of the houses during
the day. Chicken Mites are dark brown or black, much like the
Northern Fowl Mite.
The life cycle of mites can be as little as 10 days, which allows for a quick turnover and heavy infestations. Mites can be
transferred between flocks by crates, clothing, and wild birds.
Mites are capable of living in the environment and off the host
bird for a period of time. Diagnoses of mite infestations are similar to that of lice; however since mites can live off the bird and
some are nocturnal, inspect birds and housing facilities at night
especially if you suspect that the Chicken Mite is the cause of
the infestation. Observable signs may include darkening of the
feathers on white feathered birds due to mite feces; scabbing of
the skin near the vent; mite eggs on the fluff feathers and along
the feather shaft (Figure 2); or congregations of mites around
the vent, ventral abdomen, tail, or throat. Since mites congregate
around the ventral region, they can also reduce a roosterʼs ability
of successful matings.
Flock Symptoms
Flocks infested with lice or mites show similar general symptoms. Birds will have decreased egg production; decreased weight
gain; decreased carcass-grading quality; increased disease sus-
ceptibility; and decreased food intake. If any of these generalized
symptoms are observed, a visual evaluation is recommended.
Inspect birds around the ventral region for signs of lice or mites
since infestations usually start in this area of the bird.
Treatments
Sanitation and cleanliness are the keys to lice and mite control.
Sanitation includes cleaning and disinfecting housing facilities
and equipment between flocks. Moreover, reducing people traffic through housing facilities is recommended. Eliminating the
contact between flocks and wild birds can reduce the potential
transfer of external parasites. Chemical control can include the
use of carbaryl (Sevin®). Treat the walls, floors, roosts, nest
boxes, and the birds simultaneously. When dusting an entire
house, be careful to avoid feed contamination. One treatment
method for small flocks or individual birds is the use of a dusting
bath with Sevin®. Place the bird into a garbage bag containing
the medicated powder with the birdsʼ head out and rotate/shake
the bag to completely cover the bird with powder. Be sure not
to inhale the medicated powder during treatments. The use of a
facial mask is recommended to prevent inhaling this medicated
powder. Because the life cycle of lice and mites is. approximately
2 weeks, treatments should be repeated every 2 weeks as needed.
Carefully read all labels prior to treatment to make sure withdrawal
times are followed for food-producing poultry. Severe lice or mite
infestations can be treated initially with a kitten strength dose
of a pyrethrin-based medicated spray on the birds to reduce the
initial numbers. If problems persist, contact a veterinarian for
treatment with such medications as Ivermectin®. Prevention is
the best method of treatment. For poultry used in exhibition or
for new poultry entering the flock, a minimum quarantine period
of 2 weeks is recommended. During this time birds should be
physically examined and treated if necessary.
Figure 2. Mites and eggs along the feather shaft.
Table 1. Comparison chart to distinguish between lice and mites.
Size
Speed
Color
Egg location
Egg color
Best detection time
Location
Lice
2-3 millimeters long
Fast-moving
Straw-colored (light brown)
Base of feather shaft
White
Daytime
Lives only on host
Mites
1 millimeter diameter (ground pepper)
Slow-moving
Dark reddish black
Along feather shaft
White or off-white
Nighttime or Daytime
Lives on host and in environment
Visit Ohio State University Extensionʼs web site “Ohioline” at: http://ohioline.osu.edu
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race,
color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Keith L. Smith, Associate Vice President for Agricultural Administration and Director, OSU Extension
TDD No. 800-589-8292 (Ohio only) or 614-292-1868
Page - 16
7/03-des
MG -Mycoplasma
gallisepticum
Julie D. Helm, DVM
Clemson University
Livestock Poultry Health Programs
POB 102406, Columbia, SC 29224
(803) 788-2260 [email protected]
www.clemson.edu/LPH
What is it? Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG, also known as CRD – Chronic Respiratory
Diseases in chickens -- and infectious sinusitis in turkeys) is an infectious respiratory disease of
chickens and turkeys. MG has also been found in pheasants, chukar, peafowl and quail.
What’s the big deal? MG is a serious threat to all poultry industries: commercial, exhibition,
backyard and gamebird flocks.
What are the signs of disease? Mild to severe respiratory signs including watery eyes, nasal
discharge, face swelling, coughing, sneezing or rales. Egg production and feed consumption can
decrease. These clinical signs are seen in quite a few viral and bacteria diseases, so a proper
diagnosis is needed. Clinical signs are usually slow to develop and the disease has a long course.
Backyard flocks may actually show no symptoms of disease (subclinical disease – carrier birds)
if the infection is uncomplicated by other diseases or stress.
How is the disease diagnosed? Through flock history, clinical signs, gross lesions, blood tests
and isolation of the organism from tracheal swabs performed at a diagnostic lab.
How is the disease transmitted? MG is spread through direct contact with infected or carrier
birds and indirect contact through contaminated airborne dust, droplets, feathers, equipment and
human traffic. Infected hens can shed the organism into their eggs and infect their chicks.
How is the disease prevented? Keeping MG-free flocks is the best prevention. Treating
infected birds with antibiotic medication may alleviate signs and lesions, but does not always
eliminate the infection and can produce carrier birds. Prevent introduction onto the farm by
keeping a closed flock and practicing biosecurity – disease prevention management – whether
you have a commercial poultry farm or backyard chickens:
•
Birds – Keep a closed flock. Do not bring birds from poultry shows, auctions or
untested sources back to the farm – this is a great way to introduce any disease. Separate
new birds away from the flock for 2-4 weeks to see if they show any signs of disease.
Take sick or fresh dead birds to a diagnostic lab to determine cause of illness or death.
•
People – Avoid visiting other poultry farms or live-bird shows & auctions. If you do,
shower and change clothing and footwear before working with your birds. Don’t allow
people who have birds to visit your farm without showering and changing clothes
beforehand or have them wear protective clothing and footwear and visa versa.
•
Equipment – Do not loan or borrow equipment or vehicles from other farms. If you
have to, wash and disinfect all equipment before and after use. Wash and disinfect your
vehicle/trailers/crates (including tires and undercarriage) after leaving a poultry farm,
show or auction. Keep your houses/pens, equipment and work areas clean and sanitary.
Page - 17
Transporting Poultry in a Humane Manner
Phillip J. Clauer, Poultry Extension Specialist, Animal and Poultry Sciences
During the summer and fall months, poultry owners are hauling poultry to fairs, markets and other
gatherings. Unfortunately, very few people put much thought into how to best transport their fowl. As a
result, birds don't show well, get sick or die in transit. These results can be avoided with a little planning
and extra care. Consider the following factors before transporting fowl.
Ventilation:
During hot weather, good air flow through the crate is a must. DO NOT use air tight crates, trailers or
trucks to haul poultry in warm weather. Use crates which allows the air to flow through. Use care not to
stack the crates to disrupt the air circulation. Never transport fowl in the trunk of an automobile
since they may suffocate or die due to exhaust fumes or heat build-up.
Remember, air circulation stops if you are stopped or in slow traffic. It may be necessary to open
windows or doors until you get moving again.
Open air coops on open bed trucks and trailers can be too drafty at highway speeds and may cause eye
and ear irritation, as well as, feather damage. Crates with closed sides and an open air top works best
with open bed vehicles.
In cold weather, avoid drafts. Excessively cold drafts can cause frostbite and colds. So, adjust your
methods of hauling for the weather conditions.
Avoid direct sunshine:
Don't place crates in the direct sunshine. Dark colored trailers and crates can become deadly ovens in
hot, sunny weather. The temperature can be 20 degrees warmer in the sun. Shade the crate with a light
colored material or paint the cart a light color.
Overcrowding:
Most hauling problems and deaths occur because of overcrowding. Allow enough space for the birds to
sit comfortably during transport. Don't use crates which hold more than 4 to 6 adult birds. This will keep
piling or fighting by birds to a minimum, improve air-circulation, and limit accumulation of body heat.
Once you arrive at your destination, birds should be allowed the following cage space. One-half square
foot per bird for bantams and pigeons, 1 square foot per bird for large chickens and pheasants and 2 to 3
square feet per bird for ducks, geese and turkeys. Leaving the birds packed in the carrying crate is
inhumane and makes it difficult for the buyers to observe.
2009
2902-1088
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Page - 18
Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status.
An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department
of Agriculture cooperating. Mark A. McCann, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Alma C. Hobbs, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg.
Supply feed and water:
Birds should be watered every four hours. Carrying coops can be equipped with removable waterers
since full waterers may spill while driving. When you stop to eat or drink, give the fowl a drink also.
Stack crates safely:
Before you begin driving, all crates should be secured so they can not tip or slide if you should stop or
turn quickly.
Plenty of dry litter:
A deep layer of loose, dry litter will help the birds remain clean.
Other Precautions:
1. Avoid using wire bottomed cages. When you slide cages with wire floors, you can damage the toes of
birds if they get caught between the wire and the floor.
2. Don't use crates which allow the birds to stick their heads outside of the crate. If they can stick their
heads out of the crate, their necks can easily be accidently broken if the crate shifts or are stacked.
3. Make sure the crate is securely closed. If birds get out of crates during transit, they can be lost or hurt.
4. Do not place two crates next to each other if they are both holding males and they can see each other.
They may try to fight each other and damage their combs and feathers in transport.
5. If a bird is overtaken by the heat, cool them by spraying or dipping the bird in cool water. This should
bring the bird's body temperature down to a safe level.
6. DO NOT transport your bird in an air conditioned vehicle. When you arrive at your destination the
bird may not be able to adjust to the outside temperature. This stresses the bird and may result in the
bird not showing well, sickness or death.
7. Take enough feed and water from home to care for your birds while traveling or at shows. Some birds
will not consume water or feed that they are not accustomed to for the first day or more. By having
water and feed they are used to, you can help them adjust.
8. Thoroughly clean and disinfect all crates after using. Reused litter and dirty crates promote the spread
of bacteria, parasites and other contagious infections.
9. Store crates off of the floor and empty. This discourages rodents from using them as nests between
uses.
Reviewed by Audrey McElroy, associate professor, Animal and Poultry Sciences
Page - 19
Penn State Extension
Small-Scale Poultry Production
A FACT SHEET SERIES AVAILABLE AT EXTENSION.PSU.EDU/ANIMALS/POULTRY
Over the past few years, raising domestic poultry such
as pigeons, ornamental poultry, and small meat and egg
flocks has become an increasingly popular pastime for
urban residents.
Most of us can appreciate the pleasures and benefits of
raising birds. It is a relaxing activity that offers an insight
into other forms of life and basic life processes. People
enjoy the companionship of their birds and the social interaction that comes from club activities and competitions.
However, before you purchase any birds, you must
check with your local government and property associations to make sure you can raise poultry in your area.
Many localities restrict the raising of poultry. Recently,
however, many cities, towns, and subdivisions throughout
the nation have reexamined local laws, ordinances, and
property owners’ guidelines to allow residences to raise
small numbers of poultry in urban areas.
The urban animal hobbyist must try not to infringe on
the neighbor who may be sensitive to noise, odor, flies,
rodents, and unsightliness due to inadequately designed
and maintained facilities. People differ in their tolerance
to the same conditions. Just because you let your chickens
run free for a year doesn’t mean the new neighbor will
enjoy them in their yard or garden.
The following are some guidelines for owners of
poultry in urban areas. Remember to follow all local laws
and ordinances. By following the guidelines, you can avoid
a good deal of conflict with others in your community
and the development of ordinances banning the raising of
certain animals in your community.
Health and Safety
The important factors to consider are the location of
animal enclosures in relation to residences, storage of
feed to avoid rodent problems, fly control, sanitation, and
disposal of animal waste in a safe manner. The health
and well-being of the animals should also be taken into
account. The animals must be given adequate space, proper
nutrition, sufficient attention, and a place to seclude themselves. The enclosure should also provide protection from
the environment and predators.
bigstockphoto.com
Raising Fowl in Urban Areas
Confinement. Never allow animals or birds to roam free.
Provide the following amount of space of confinement for
your birds (fenced outdoor access is optional):
• Provide a minimum of 1 square foot per pound of body
weight for permanent indoor confinement areas.
• Provide 3 cubic feet of air (total enclosed space) per
pound of body weight for permanent indoor confinement quarters.
• Provide a minimum of 2 square feet per pound of body
weight for permanent outdoor fenced areas.
Setbacks for Housing. Do not place outdoor enclosures
within 25–50 feet of a residence or dwelling or place any
permanent detached structures too close to the residence
of another property owner.
• For urban settings, keep structures 25 feet from
property lines.
• For rural settings, keep structures 100 feet from
property lines.
Waste. Clean litter and animal waste on a regular basis
and dispose of it promptly and properly. Pens with a
3-inch-deep bed of pine shavings should be cleaned at least
once every 6 weeks or when the litter gets wet or starts to
develop an odor. Poultry waste with pine shaving bedding
makes a great amendment for composting. Some localities
Page - 20
require that waste be double bagged and disposed of with
household waste. Poultry waste must be composted before
adding to soil. Waste from home slaughter of poultry for
meat consumption is not allowed in most localities. If it
is allowed, follow local and state laws as to the proper
disposal of waste (feathers, internal organs, and other parts
you do not wish to consume) produced from slaughter.
Predators and Rodents in the Neighborhood. To avoid
attracting rodents and other predators to the neighborhood,
store feed in rodent-proof containers. When building or
preparing the coop and outdoor pens to raise poultry, do
the following:
• Cover outdoor pens.
• Make sure you have a way to lock the birds inside
safely at night.
• Bury the sides of outdoor pens so animals cannot dig
under and get to your birds.
• Prevent animals from digging under any permanent
structures.
• Use small mesh wire to keep wild birds and rodents
from accessing your pens.
Public Nuisance
Appearance and Property Values. The appearance of
all types of equipment and housing, particularly external
runs that are visible to neighbors, should not detract from
the overall appearance of the surroundings. Exteriors of
sheds and other structures should be kept painted and
well maintained. Most localities require that structures be
built to conform to local architecture or building materials
being used in the community. Weeds and trash should be
removed from around the facilities. Provide a sight fence
or shrub screening to a minimum height of 4 feet around
any outdoor enclosure.
Keep all structures or fences well maintained. Old,
poorly maintained structures surrounded by weeds and
piles of trash are not acceptable and detract from the
appearance of the neighborhood. If your activity is seen
as an eyesore, neighbors will quickly find other aspects of
your poultry flock a nuisance as well.
Noise and Odors. All animals and birds have characteristic noises and odors. Owners are obliged to house
animals so the odors are not offensive and noises are no
louder than the normal speaking voice of an adult human.
Owners can do this by insulating quarters, providing
adequate ventilation, and using good sanitation practices.
The crow of male chickens tends to bring the greatest
objection from neighbors. Most localities only allow you to
raise four to six female chickens and no males at anytime.
Proper landscaping walls and vegetative barriers can
provide screening and also help muffle sounds. These
barriers also keep your activities out of full view, which
often leads to fewer questions and complaints.
Odor should not be an issue if pens are large enough for
the birds, are cleaned regularly, and kept dry. Waterfowl,
due to the wet nature of their environment, are hard to keep
on a small urban lot due to odors. However, it can be done
with proper planning.
A few other guidelines that local ordinances may require
in order to raise chickens in your area include a minimum
lot size to be allowed to raise poultry, a minimum or
maximum coop or pen size, and an application for a permit
to raise poultry on your property, which may also require an
annual fee and inspection by a predetermined party.
Once you do have poultry, remember that you are
responsible for providing “good management practices” for
your flock. Good management practices are the minimum
care that is required to humanely maintain the birds. Caring
for the birds and tending to their basic needs is a constant
responsibility—24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
• Birds need to be sheltered from the environment and
predators.
• Birds need a constant supply of fresh water.
• Birds need to be fed a balanced diet appropriate for
their age and state of production—starter diets for 0–6
weeks, grower diets for 6–18 weeks, and layer diets for
birds over 18 weeks of age that are in egg production.
• Birds should have a 3-inch base of dry litter such as pine
shavings in their pen, and it should be cleaned every 6
weeks. If the birds are raised in wire floored pens, the waste
pans should be cleaned daily to prevent odors and flies.
• Eggs should be collected daily.
• As an owner, you should monitor bird health and seek
help if anything appears questionable.
If you are just becoming interested in raising poultry on
your property or have been for years, remember that diplomacy and cooperation can help avoid conflicts. If you are
raising birds in an urban environment, follow some of the
suggestions provided in this fact sheet so you can prevent
yourself and others raising animals in your community
from unnecessary conflict and ordinances.
Prepared by Phillip J. Clauer, poultry extension specialist.
Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences research and extension
programs are funded in part by Pennsylvania counties, the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Where trade names appear, no discrimination is intended, and no endorsement by Penn State Extension is implied.
This publication is available in alternative media on request.
Penn State is committed to affirmative action, equal opportunity, and the
diversity of its workforce.
Produced by Ag Communications and Marketing
© The Pennsylvania State University 2010
Code UM1944/14pod
Page - 21
As a flock owner,
one of your primary
goals is keeping your
birds healthy…
To help you achieve this goal, the Indiana State Poultry Association
& partners have created a FREE flock evaluation program.
The Indiana State Poultry Association is providing an opportunity for a FREE flock evaluation.
The voluntary testing program, referred to as Indiana’s Test Twelve (T-12) Program, monitors Avian
Influenza and other health factors through a simple antibody test from your hens’ eggs. The T-12
test is specifically designed for chickens, but not other types of poultry. Results may aid in assessing
the health status of the birds, but should not be used as a diagnostic test.
To participate, contact the ISPA for a FREE egg mailing kit. Upon receiving the kit, collect 12
eggs and return them to the ISPA in our postage paid package. The results of the test will be
emailed and/or mailed to you, along with a free gift for participating! In addition, information on other
common avian diseases as well as biosecurity information is provided free of charge.
NOTE: As this a monitoring test only, the results are for the poultry owners benefit and
cannot be used to certify egg quality or as a replacement for poultry heath papers. Due to the
nature of the T-12 test, the ISPA cannot predict a specific date for the results.
If a specific test needs to be preformed for diagnostic purposes or an exhibition/show, please
contact the Purdue Animal Disease and Diagnostic Lab (ADDL) at 765-494-7440 and ask for the
avian diagnostician on duty for testing options, submission information and charges.
The program is made possible for Indiana residents by:




Indiana State Poultry Association
USDA-APHIS-VS
Indiana Board of Animal Health
Purdue University
Indiana State Poultry Association
Purdue University, Animal Sciences
915 West State Street
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054
PH: 765-494-8517
[email protected]
www.INPoultry.com
To request a postage paid T-12 Mailer,
go to the following website:
www.INpoultry.com/backyard-flock-info
or
send an email to [email protected]
County Extension Booklet