Phytogeographic
flora of
J.
van
Instituut
notes
on
the
Savanna
southern Surinam (South America)
Donselaar
Utrecht
Systematische Plantkunde,
voor
SUMMARY
of the
The flora
greater part)
6
region,
wider
belong to
18 of these
Among
also
on
the
the
Northern
with
1.
290
Surinam,
of
greatly
with
on
rest have
the
the northern
other
any
limit
a
of their
in central
Amazonia
species
82
were
found
Surinam.
a total of 288 recorded
or
region
element,
for the
so
in
northernmost station here.
This floristic contrast
ecological
this
probably
not found
were
14 to the Guianan
in
occur
but
known
far. Ten of these
on savannas
southern
geographic
species,
savanna
be correlated
can
factors. The
has
183
in common
species
for about half of the
geographic spectra
differen-
of the two
regions
similar.
INTRODUCTION
In southern Surinam the
Courantyne River,
1.
their
(not completely
so
element,
species
collected
with
southern Surinam.
collected
Guianan
of the
even reach
species
savannas
tiating species
are
Fourty
savannas
species
the southern
distribution.
and
area
Surinam
southern
consists of 314
The
plex
are
following
known
Sipaliwini Savanna,
situated
both
on
This frontier is formed here
sists
mainly
of
undulating
consists of
vegetation
gnarled
ture
treelets.
The
it is called “Faroe
the
Surinam part of
frontier
covers
or
On the
by high
Savanna”,
large
savanna
Surinam
Sipaliwini
com-
Brazil.
an
River and
of about 63.000 ha and
less continuous
is bordered
(= Paru)
the basin of the
con-
altitude between 275 and 375
an
essentially loamy.
a more
to
a
between
an area
land with
savanna
savanna
belonging
the watershed between the
by
savanna
above sea-level. The soil is
the
of
all
1) :
which is the
sides
the West Paru River. The
savannas,
(see fig.
van
greater part
of the
ground layer
m
savanna
and scattered
forest. In older Dutch litera-
Lynden
(1939)
gave
a
general
description.
2.
The Palaime
Creek.
It
Savanna. It
Goeje
on
3.
is
(1908),
situated between the Palaime Creek and the Koewini
Savanna,
covers
about 780
with
identical
which
name
figures
the herbarium labels of Mr.
A
savanna
It is
flat,
which is
has
a
ha
the
and
is
type
same
called
as
“Apikollo
also in several other
Dutch
the
Sipaliwini
Savanna”
by
publications
de
and
Hulk.
nearly completely
sandy soil,
of the
savanna
covered
and is surrounded
by
by
the
airstrip “Sipaliwini”.
savanna
scrub and
savanna
wood.
4.
A
small
savanna
Sipaliwini
River.
1 km
It is
S
of
of the
savanna
same
nr.
type
as
3,
on
the
the
southern bank
Sipaliwini
and
the
of the
Palaime
Savannas.
Acta Bot. Need.
17(5),
Oct.
1968
393
J.
Fig.
1.
the
5.
Two
The
type
On
and
and S
(with
savannas
savannas
Rombouts
W.
H.
members
394
area
in
an
which
of the
airstrip)
area
the northern
savannas are
situated,
(see text).
savannas
of the
respectively
western
the
in
DONSELAAR
two
and
of the
an
savanna nr.
covers
3, and of the
about 250 ha.
unknown number of
Lucie
River and
the
other,
Zuid River.
have various soil types.
these
H. E.
2 km SW
Savanna
small
the
are:
and the southern
the latter. The
as
Kayser
mainly
They
Indicated
Kappel Savanna,
savannas
same
6.
of Surinam.
Map
VAN
A.
plants
on
Hekking (1961,
of the
New
collected
were
(1934-1935,
York
1),
on
D.
6),
by
C.
J.
Messrs.
J.
F.
Geijskes (1952,
G.
Wessels
Botanical Garden
Hulk
on
Boer
expedition
Acta Bot.
2),
(1911,
K. U.
(1963,
to
the
on
on
2),
Kramer
2 and
3),
Wilhelmina
Neerl. 17(5),
Oct.
1968
PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC
Mountains
In
NOTES
(1963,
on
forthcoming
a
of
descriptions
A
tic
most
Botany
these
on
name”
Utrecht.
occur
of
or
more
only
a
savanna
that all species
in
proper,
on
exluded that
watercourses
and
The
will
Rombouts is
by
one
Institute
for
by
Systema-
study
is based
in the “Flora of Suri-
already
and
all those
known under the
cerrado”
“campo
dry
at
occur on
least for
the
in
bushes,
depressions,
sites
a
(=
vegetation
a
scattered
only
savannas
in
rocky outcrops
trees
Brazilian names of
orchard
savanna),
part of the year. This
gallery forest,
on
with
with either
ground layer
a
selection thus defined consists
area
certainly
does
not
species
in the forest
big
means
islands,
permanently
and
America
and
is
because
water-
rocks
lying
as
However,
genuine
majority
far
as
subspecies
inventory
the
of it.
It should be
possible.
published
of
large
and
flora of
savanna
may be wrong, because several
outcome
taxonomic
the
incomplete.
very
the great
established
incorrect data may have been
insufficiently known,
tifications,
registered species,
whole of the
probably
was
born in mind that details of the
of 314
the
cover
under consideration, but
The distribution of the
are
area
the surface.
variants. It
the
or
be
to
scrub and separate
savanna
holding
5).
brief
the vascular plants that in southern
to
i.e.
(gnarled) trees, generally
are
of
one
Upper Sipaliwini
included in the
present
species
ground layer,
The habitat has
western
conditions and
1928-).
“campo limpo”, “campo sujo”,
respectively.
and the
1
in the
of them is cited
large part
the
on
ecological
in the herbarium of the
investigation is restricted
on
close-set
the
of which the
collections,
placed
The list of
A
(1966,
on
1969).
Lanjouw & coll.
(Pulle,
The scope of the
consisting
is
OF SOUTHERN SURINAM
vegetation-types
of all these
specimens.
Surinam
details
more
Donselaar
extensive,
at
and the author
6),
some savanna
set
complete
far the
THE SAVANNA FLORA
paper
published (van
be
ON
parts
main lines of the
taxa
due to misidenof
results
tropical
may
be
accepted.
2.
ELEMENTS AND GEOGRAPHIC
GEOGRAPHIC
The
majority
more
Ten
likely
of the
have
species
restricted range may be
species
that
a
present also
are
possibility
should
Sipaliwini
savanna
not
be
These
Acanth.
Staurogyne linearifoliaBrem.
Cyp.
Cyperus pseudodistans
Euph.
Croton
Gram.
far
so
on
excluded
complex.
wide distribution. Some
mentioned
have been recorded
they
SPECTRUM
the
only
from the
Sipaliwini
Brazilian side of the
that
with
categories
a
separately.
they
species
are
endemics
Savanna. It is
frontier,
{E)
but the
of the
Paru-
are :
Uitt.
sipaliwinensis Lanj.
Axonopuspubivaginatus
Paspalum albidulum
Myrt
Psidium
Rub.
Diodia
Henr.
Henr.
quinquedentatum Amsh.
pulchristipula
Sabicea romboutsii
Brem.
Brem.
Sipanea glaberrima (Brem). Steyerm.
Tocoyena
Acta Bot.
Need.
surinamensis
17(5),
Oct. 1968
Brem.
395
J.
Six
species
in the
the
known from southern Surinam and from
are
south of the Guianas
Rio Branco
Bulbostylis
Dros.
Drosera
Euph.
Manihot
Gram.
Aristida
recurvata
Malv.
Pavonia
whole of the
River,
(G)
Lanj.
H.B.K.
of
area
between the
Guiana,
and
Bromelia
Ipomoea schomburgkii Choisy
Cyp.
Bulbostylis fasciculata
fosteriana
Scleria pterota
Presl
and the
as
Amazon
Guiana),
The
Guiana).
well
for the
Guianan
Euph.
Caperonia corchorioides
Gram.
Schizachyrium
Clarke
melaleuca
var.
Drosera
(C.
et
Uitt.
S.)
cayennensis Sagot
riedelii
Mull.
Arg.
Camus
(Trin.)
var.
multirameum
Henr.
Aciotis ornata Gleason
Comolia
lythrarioides
Comolia
veronicaefolia
Naud.
Cassia
Polygal.
Polygala angustifolia
Sympl.
Symplocos guianensis (Aubl.)
Among
van
the
tetraphylla
rest
of the
Donselaar
lythrarioides
var.
Benth.
Papil.
Desv.
var.
brevipes (Benth.)
H.B.K.
the
species
latifolia St.
var.
var.
Trinidad,
following
Tobago,
(Amazonas,
of the
Columbia,
distinguished (see
covering
following
Equador,
(part
areas :
of)
the
the
rest
Guianas,
of
in
Venezuela,
Amazonian Peru, Amazonian
Parâ).
N in combination with
Goiâs,
Chodat
elements may be
Northern-eastern South-American element:
ranhào,
ex
guianensis
Northern South-American element:
Brazil
Irwin
Hil.
1965):
combination with several
MN
River
former British
Brazilian
(=
as
used here
Uitt.
Dros.
NE
southern
L.B. Smith
Bulbostylis lanata (H.B.K.)
N
cover
Guyana (the
Amapa
Conv.
also
that
“the Guianas” is
is made up of;
Brom.
Melast.
areas
name
mouth of the Orinoco
Venezuelan
Guiana,
with
species
of the Guianas. The
French
Surinam,
(sG) comprises:
julianae Uitt.
comprising
element
savanna(s)
region (i.c.
lloydii Merl.
Another group consists
northern parts
other
Amazon
et Wurdack
(Steyerm.) Maguire
melanobasis
Utricularia
some
north of the
DONSELAAR
Kuk.
stenocarpa
esmeraldae
Lent.
extreme
This southern Guianan element
Savannas).
Cyp.
the
or
VAN
Minas
one
or
Gerais,
covering
several of the
and Sào
any of the
E Brazilian
areas
states
of
Ma-
as
Paulo.
Middle and northern South-American element:
covering
of N in combination with parts of Central America
any
of the
and/or
the
areas
rest
of
the West Indian Islands.
MNE
Middle and northern-eastern South-American element:
NE and
396
a
combination of
MN.
Acta Bot.
Neerl.
17(5),
Oct.
1968
PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC
S
NOTES
THE
ON
SAVANNA FLORA
South-American element:
areas
A
American element:
indicated
The
the
by
to
be included in
E
G
N
SPECIES
A
number of the
northern
of them
are
adjacent
picture
combination of
any
species, subspecies
(283)
MN
4%
=
is
areas
MNE
26
=
14=
5%
S
42
=
8%
A
118
MARGIN
belonging
area
also found in
on
one
South
of the distributional
following list
Alism.
Al
ism.
the
or
OF
the
to
one
=
9%
15%
41%
THEIR AREA
elements
N,
another
more
but
of these
northern part
this
species.
does
not
Echinodorus
tenellus
tenellus
Mandevilla
Mandevilla tenuifolia
Asclep.
Barjonia
Bign.
Bign.
Tabebuia caraiba
caraiba
Comp.
Clibadium
lenuifoüa (Mik.)
racemosa
Riencourtia
Conv.
Ipomoea
Cyp.
Bur.
Erioc.
Eriocaulon
Eriocaulon humboldtii
humboldtiiKunth
sessiliflora
sessiliflora
Syngonanthus
X
x
X
x
f.
f.
anomalus
(Koern.)
Syngonanthus glandulosus
Euph.
Sebastiana
Gent.
Schultesia
Schultesia
Gram.
Axonopus gentilis
gentilis Henr.
Ctenium
Hyptis
(Nees)
Gleason
X
x
maculosum
maculosum
marchio
hirsuta
X
x
X
x
Kunth
Kunth
X
x
Steud.
(Veil.) Steud.
H.B.K.
L.
Lythr.
Lythr.
Cuphea gracilis
H.B.K.
Malp.
Malp.
Camarea
affinis
St. Hil.
Mar.
Maranta
orbiculata (Koern.)
Melast.
Melast.
Miconia
Miconia
Menisp.
Menisp.
Cissampelos ovalifolia
Cissampelos
macrothyrsa
17(5),
X
x
Trin.
Lycopodium
Lycopodium alopecuroides
alopecuroides
Need.
Ruhl.
pohliana Progel
Progel
Sisyrinchium
X
x
Ruhl.
linear
linearifolia
ifolia Lanj.
cirrosum
cirrosum
Paspalum
Paspatum
Boeck.
St. Hil.
Syngonanthus
Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.)
Acta Bot.
x.
Lipocarpha sellowiana
sellowiana Kunth
Kunth
Drosera
Lab.
Lab.
indicated by
X
x
Hall.
(H.B.K.)
Rhynchospora junciformis
Rhynchospora
junciformis (Kunth)
Lycop.
howe-
far known. In
X
x
Choisy
Choisy
Dros.
Dros.
Irid.
so
general
X
x
oblongifolia Gardn.
oblongifoha
Merremia
Merremia aturensis
number,
Buche var.
var. tenellus
Woods.
Woods.
(Balbis) Schultz-Bip.
(Balbis)
squamosa
squamosa
of the Guianas
Dene.
Dcne.
(Mart.)
armant
armani
the
Some
Micheli
(Mart.)
(Mart.)
Apoc.
area
are
S reach
savannas.
disturb the
For another
of the last-named category
longipetalus
NE and
of the southern Surinam
America,
area
species
Echinodorus
sufficiently
follows:
13%
=
species
of their
and varieties
as
ver, southern Surinam is the northernmost part of their
the
other than those
9=3%
2%
22=
northern
foregoing symbols.
of these elements
AT THE NORTHERN
margin
the
6=
NE 36
3.
of the
one
10
sG
or
Covering
combination of South-American
any
by
SURINAM
foregoing symbols.
geographic spectrum
known
Covering
other than those indicated
OF SOUTHERN
Oct.
1968
var.
integerrimum Spring.
K. Schum.
K.
X
x
Benth.
Benth.
DC.
397
J.
Myrt.
Psidium
Psidium salutare
salutare (H.B.K.)
(H.B.K.) Berg
Papil.
Bowdichia
Bowdichia
subtilis
Polygal.
Polygal.
Polygala
Polygala
Rub.
Guettarda
Schiz.
Schiz.
Anemia
Til.
Til.
Corchorus
Luehea
Luehea
rigida
ferruginea
H.B.K.
Salvertia
Salver!ia
Xyr.
Xyris
get
WITH
complete
southern Surinam
and better
From
Miq.
two
Vigia.
not
Alegre.
FLORA
OF
CENTRAL
AMAZONIA
SURINAM
of the
relationships
is made with the
in the
flora of
savanna
flora of
savanna
some
others
River,
little
a
lists
of Amazonian
Brazil
De AndradeLima
(1959)
centre
published.
was
from the
Egler
presented by
was
two
the
Together
x
X
Seub.
other
viz. central Amazonia and northern Surinam.
complete,
Ariramba
Hil.
Hil.
glabrata
complexes
savanna
x
X
idea about the
comparison
a
A similar list
of the
area
Mickel
(Christ)
Planch.
Planch.
NORTHERN
all his records and those of
up
and
ahenobarba
ahenoharba
SAVANNA
OF
explored regions,
species, though
St.
var.
var.
THE
PARTICULAR,
more
a
(Baker)
convallariodora
savannensis
savannensis
COMPARISON
AND,
var.
var.
Mart, et Zucc.
Mart,
paniculata
paniculata
Voch.
Voch.
To
X
x
hirtus L.
hirtus
Cissus subrhomboidea
Cissus
IN
Arg.
H.B.K.
Vit.
Vit.
4.
G. Don
G.
H.B.K.
H.B.K.
Mull.
spruceana Mull.
spruceana
Palicourea
DONSELAAR
H.B.K.
virgilioides
rufum (H.B.K.)
(H.B.K.)
Eriosema
VAN
the
to
savannas
(1960)
west
of the
about 290
comprise
Monte
near
from the
of
Alegre
savannas
complex
species
list
a
summed
near
belonging
in the
Monte
the
to
category of plants under consideration. From this number 82 species
were
found
separated
from
on
one
The
the
of southern Surinam. The
savannas
another
savanna
by
a
regions
two
stretch af about 300 km of forested land.
flora of northern Surinam is
fairly
well known from
tions and taxonomic studies (see Pulle, Lanjouw & coll.
complete
list of it
was
tions and additions
published recently (van
taken into
are
account
northern Surinam consists of about 288
savannas
savannas
of southern Surinam
to
the
300 and 220 km
Surinam there
flat
top
of
in future
by
some
small
relationships
Kramer &
van
more
one
related
to
complex
savannas
the
Guianan and Amazonian
1965).
that the
of which 183
and
the
If
a
nearly
flora of
savanna
found
were
collec-
some correc-
the
on
closely together,
Kappel
Savanna
savanna
savanna
at
savanna
the
viz.
the
on
foot of
this
will be dealt with
press).
flora of southern Surinam is
likely
flora of northern Surinam than
to
savanna
the
about
of northern and southern
situated
(in
is
Savanna
Kayser
savannas
of the flora of the latter
Donselaar
of central Amazonia. An attempt
more
compare and
regions
has
to
interpret
be
delayed
the
till
floras
more
to
the
to
of
data
available.
are
The
following
may
southern Surinam
on
a.
closely
appears
many
and
1928-)
far. The distance from the northern Surinam
m) and the
The above data show that the
be
it
Donselaar
species
Between the
respectively.
Tafelberg (1080
mountain. The
so
Paru-Sipaliwini
are
are
also
Twenty-four
398
be said about the
105
species
found
on
northern but not
savannas.
of the
46
species
that in northern Surinam
Acta Bot.
are
(nearly)
Neerl. 17(5),
Oct.
res-
1968
PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC
tricted
It
is
River
b.
their
OF SOUTHERN
been
not
extend
areas
to
restricted
in
southern Surinam
to
SURINAM
found
southern
on
small
region.
under consideration
species
since the
some
far
so
the south of the latter
distribution of the
unequal
by ecological (i.c. edaphic) factors,
is influenced
sand
that the
FLORA
have
savannas
although
savannas,
likely
seems
ON THE SAVANNA
white-sand
to
Surinam
NOTES
of white
occurrence
in the
savannas
Lucie
area.
Six northern Surinam
white
sand
have
species occurring
savanna
Guianan
northern
a
on
several soils other than
distribution,
and
do
not
occur
in
southern Surinam.
c.
d.
Seven other
tricted
to
There
are
combine both aspects
species
northern Guiana and there
but in southern Surinam
rounded
A
by
savanna,
outside
e.
If
on
takes
one
of the Amazon
either
The 131
Surinam
outside
on or
species present
savannas
to
these
ecological
Cyp.
Cyperus
by
Acisanthera
Ochn.
Sauvagesia
b.
The
and section
are
tenella
wet
distribution
presently
section
56
known
2
Acta Bot. Need.
17(5),
three
so
the southern boun-
far in
southern
Suri-
way.
savannas
not
of northern Suri-
at
least
may be
Guiana,
species
so
that
explained only by
are:
area
species
are
which does
and
not
include northern
southern Guianan
element)
found
only
on
the
type of soil
Boeck.
(Steyerm.) Maguire
St.
only
1968
et Wurdack
Hil.
from the
Oct.
beyond
viz.:
sessiliflora
found
there
flora of northern Surinam and
species.
Drosera
species
groups mentioned above
comprising
(endemics
esmeraldae
are
only
Triana
Rhynchospora junciformis (Kunth)
are
found
Lam.
Drosera
Surinam
sur-
Presl
(DC.)
Dros.
There
are
soil of coloured sand. Some of the
Cyp.
d.
are
northern Surinam are
of southern but
species involved
From the latter category
(a),
savannas
R. Br.
3, altogether
mentioned under
same
savannas
very
a
limnobios
a
res-
the category mentioned under (a).
been found
not
northern Surinam
listed in
on
if these
even
that in
southern direction
armerioides
species having
Surinam
c.
a
unioloides
Melast.
the
on
factors. The four
Rhynchospora
(mainly)
flats,
are
savannas.
the southern Surinam but absent from the northern
on
sites have
their absence from the
to
savanna
be treated in the
may
is characterized
confined
a
they
white-sand
savannas.
A habitat encountered
nam
in
but have
region,
occur
rock
species
also
the
to
on
but in southern Surinam
from the
species
belong
distribution reaching
a
dary
belong
on
only
Savanna.
twelve
savannas
all
that
only
Sipaliwini
found in
together
have
nam,
the
on
Two of them
species
found
are
and outside
savannas.
remain 48
a.
as
similar situation is
present both
mentioned above:
occur
that in northern Surinam
species
ten
they
southern Surinam
outside
savannas.
savannas
In the
latter
that
region
in
northern
the
majority
399
J.
of them
can
e.
occurs
in
localities. The whole
group,
wet, open
be extracted from the annotated list of
The
of the
rest
southern Surinam
northern Surinam
savannas
tracted from section 6.
daceae)
it is
In the
not
six
certain whether
following
Surinam
From
savannas
survey the
are
0%
tiG
2
of
area
species (the
northern
and
Orchi-
to
southern
northern and southern
-
2
8
NE
14
13
5
2
3
11
9
S
9
15
A
44
hardly
a
any
Surinam
4%
10
sum
ex-
this group.
N
41
shifting.
The main difference lies in the occur-
southern Guianan element in the
that the northern
to
the
not
savanna
north
of the elements
savanna
flora. This difference is
5.
may
8
extending
Surinam
on
(Lentibulariaceae
-
northernand
an
occur
be
G
might expect
cies with
Surinam
E
It is clear that there is
One
not
also
of the
geographic spectra
MNE
ly.
species
does
These
species,
26
(group b).
compared:
MN
a
that
species.
they really belong
sG
of
of 46
of the
northern
rence
flora
savanna
consists
containing
in section 6
species
VAN DONSELAAR
and
MN, MNE,
54%
significant
and may
areas
respectivemore
spe-
South America. This group
beyond
flora and
two
flora should contain
of the
A)
makes up
57
%
southern Surinam
be
of the
savanna
neglected.
CONCLUSIONS
The
the
savanna
one
perhaps
flora of southern Surinam
means
The floristic
Surinam
stances.
areas,
It is
can
that it is in
contrast
between
only partly
that the difference
cases
on
the side
more
the
general
that
area cannot
were
found
Amazonia,
which
only
to
so
6
species
far that their
in
one
circum-
of the
two
far with any factor.
the limited
only
northern
ecological
or
be correlated
the distribution of all
so
stronger bound with
floras of southern and
geographic
be attributed
two areas
a
of central
Guianan than Amazonian.
savanna
species
can
one
of southern Surinam and in
the differences between the
400
far known has
be connected with
the absence in the other
northern Surinam. In
cover
general
For about half of the
likely
in 56
so
of northern Surinam than with the
area
cases
of the
on
the
species
side of
involved levels down
geographic spectra greatly
each other.
Acta 801.
Neerl.
17(5),
Oct.
1968
PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC
6.
NOTES
ANNOTATED
THE SAVANNA
ON
LIST
OF
FLORA
OF SOUTHERN SURINAM
SPECIES
elements
section
Capitals
geographic
a
also found in northern
(see
Surinam,
2)
on
b
also found in northern
Surinam,
not on
savannas
savannas
c
also found
(P)
in southern Surinam
only
found
on
the
(L)
in southern Surinam
only
found
on
savannas
on
in central Amazonia
savannas
Palaime Savanna
in the
of
area
the
Lucie and the Zuid River
in southern Surinam
( S)
the
found
only
the
on
sand
2 km SW
savanna
of
airstrip “Sipaliwini”
Brem. N a;
Dipteracanthus angustifolius (Nees)
acanthaceae:
Staurogyne
linearifolia
Brem.
E.
alismaceae: Echinodorus
Mandevilla
apocynaceae:
tenuifolia
(Mik.)
asclepiadaceae:
arborescens
bromeliaceae: Bromelia
caraiba
Mart. A
flava
Sw. A
Raf.
Baccharis
DC.
var.
varians
NE
a
A a; E.
c; Riencourtia
I.
Melothria
Kük. MNE
A a; C.
E;
C.
A
(L);
L.
Kunth
MNE
b;
cyperina
Steud. A
(S)
ex
Arg.;
M.
(P).
c; B.
a
: R.
capitata (J.
Spreng.)
Moricand
F.
Gmel.)
Mart. A
a
c;
a
Br.
A;
A a;
A b.
Kunth
var.
c; B. lanata
A
Rottb.
MNE
a
c
armerioides
Vahl
A
R. et S. A
a
var.
A;
R.
c;
a
(L) ;
R.
hirtella
c; S.
a; S. pterota
Presl
viridi-lutea
Vahl
var.
pterota
A
R.
amazonicus
; R.
N
N
A
a
a
c
Scleria
Uitt.
flavus
(Vahl)
Nees
Uitt.
retroflexa
Kunth
(S);
(C.
Boeck.
S.)
a
barbata
glauca
Vahl
junciformis (Kunth)
bracteata
et
N
sellowiana
var.
R.
(Poir.)
Pfeiff.
L.
Na;
R. tenerri-
Cav.
Nees A a; S. micrococca
melaleuca
G a;
pseudodistans
(Clarke)
c; R.
rufa(Nees)
b;
Hall. f. NE.
spadicea (H.B.K.)
Nees;
("Vahl)
Griseb.
microcarpa
var.
c; C.
Eleocharis
barbata
curvula
a
Aac.
A; Ipomoea
fasciculata
G a; B.
Cyperus
A
Sw.
(H.B.K.)
humboldtiana
graminea Uitt.
b;
A
A a;
a;
B.
a;
Clarke
juncoides
Clarke
Sw. A a; S.
A
capillaris
Lagenocarpus
c; R.
(L.)
b; Eupatorium
L. C. Rich.
sericeus
Merremia aturensis
podosperma C. Wright MNEa(S)
b
Evolvulus
Lipocarpha
Presl
a
hieracifolia
A
Ichthyothere terminalis (Spreng.) Malme
(H.B.K.)
ciliata
a;
Erechthites
b;
emend. Belcher
B. vestita Kunth
Kük.
(P);
Elephantopus angustifolius
Vernonia remotiflora
Gardn.
Clibadium
(L.) Polakowsky A;
A a;
A
Griseb.
NEa(P);
Dichromena
umbellata
a.
Spreng.
Choisy NE;
squamosa
MNE
nutans
(Sw.) Schultz-Bip.
ex
juncoides (Lam.)
Nees
Spreng,
S
chilensis
laevigatum Lam.
cephalotes (L.)
Willd.
A
a;
S.
(Liebm.)
Uitt. G
b; S. setacea
a.
dilleniaceae:
droseraceae;
Curatella americana
Drosera
(Steyerm.) Maguire
Acta Bot.
(Fisch.
Kunth A
globosa (H.B.K.)
Nees
ruderalis
fluminensis
Rhynchospora
c; R
Boeck. N
Poir. A
R.
Fuirena
S;
MUIL
a.
a.
Chaptalia
stenocarpa Kük. sG;
L. ssp.
tremulus
a
a; R.
ma
c; B.
unioloides
Urb.
A
a
haspan
5
MNE b.
S a;
Bulbostylis capillaris (L.)
junciformis (H.B.K.)
B,
pubiflora
var.
c.
MNE
S; Conyza
cernua
schomburgkii Choisy G;
cyperaceae:
S
oblongifoliaGardn. NE;
convolvulaceae: Aniseia
cucurbitaceae;
a
(Vahl) MUIL Arg.
L. emend. Clarke
Gardn.
cacalioides
amygdalinum Lam.
Cham.
erecta
c; Eleutheranthera
a
Bur.
(Mart.)
aquatica
(Balbis) Schultz-Bip.
ex
NE
S.
a.
NE.
bicolor Mart.
commelinaceae: Commelina
armani
nitida
Schott A
(L.)
Dene.
A
a.
campanulaceae: Lobelia
compositae:
K. Sebum.
S.)
et
fosteriana L. B. Smith G b
burmanniaceae: Burmannia
B.
(R.
longipetalus Micheli
Baker
(Lam.)
Odontadenia
Barjonia racemosa
Tabebuia
bignoniaceae;
NE;
A ; E.
(Seub.) Rataj
scorzoneraefolia
scabra
Woods.
Montrichardia
araceae:
latifolius
Curculigo
amaryllidaceae;
Neerl.
17(5),
capillaris
et Wurdack
Oct. 1968
L .Aac.
Poir.
sG
A
a;
(S) ;
D.
D.
cayennensis Sagot
sessiliflora St.
Hil.
G
NE
a
(P);
D. esmeraldae
(S).
401
J.
Eriocaulon
eriocaulaceae:
N
S. biformis
(L);
dulosus
Gleason
Manihot
melanobasis
linearifolia
c, fo.
Casearia
Acroceras
Kuhlm.
(Nees)
Henr.
Ctenium
A;
Elyonurus
(Trin.)
lanatum
MNE
laxum
Sw. A
a
a
(L):
var.
(H.
L.
et
B.)
Nees
a
P.
siccaneum
b;
A
a;
Sebastiana
Nees
Nees
inflexa
A;
N a;
A
(P);
a
a; A.
Axono-
(Poir.)
E;
A.
aurita
(Steud.)
Chase
NE
Eriochrysis
a
c;
cayennensis
Kunth
brasiliensis
N a;
Trin.
Panicum
cyanescens
H.B.K. a; P.
P.
a;
Hitchc.
Hubbard
Michx.
serpentmum
Sacciolepis
S. riedelii
A
A. Camus
A
A
Beauv.
A
a
c;
a
a;
Hochst.
p.
A
c;
p.
et
a;
riedelii
var.
Sorghastrum
Trachypogon
a;
MNE a;
NE
(Lam.) Nees
myuros
(Trin.)
a;
Lam.
MN a;
gardnerianum Nees
plicatulum
P.
a;
(Hochst.)
Nees
parvifolium
stenodoides
P.
A
Leptocoryphium
Steud. S a; M. loliiforme
MN
Chase
L.
Homolepsis isocalycina (Meyer)
geniculata (Lam.)
cubensis
Griseb.
O.K. NE
Imperata
a;
(S);
NE ac;
Thrasya petrosa (Trin.)
Aubl.
a; Coelorachis
MN a; P.
Kunth
a;
(P);
a
pubivaginatus Henr.
Hack.
MNE a;
MNE
Sporobolus
A
olyroides
Trin.
NE
coerulescens
Aristida recurvata H.B.K.
(L);
a
guianense
Pilger
pulchellum
(Sw.)
A;
A
NE a;
c; P.
nana(Doell.)Swallen
a;
(S).
A
plumosus
Tripsacum dactyloides (L.)
A.
labiatae:
balsamifera
marchio
Sisyrinchium
iridaceae:
Hyptis
lauraceae;
atrorubens
A
lantanaefolia
c; H.
a
Cassytha
Kunth
lycopodiaceae:
Merl.
Steud.
Poit. MNE a; H.
filiformis
lloydii
a; U.
St. Hil.
(Aubl.)
(Veil.)
microphylla
Pohl
L. MNE
lentibulariaceae: Utricularia
a
adpressa
sG;
U.
N
a
hirsuta
S
c.
S.
H.B.K.
H.
S;
lantanaefolia
Poit.
var.
a/b.
c.
St.
U.
Hil.;
pusilla Vahl;
L.
Lycopodium alopecuroides
amethystina
U. subulata
var.
L.
a
St.
Hil.
U.
c;
a;
U.
triloba
integerrimum Spring. S;
L.
fimbriata
Benj.
cernuum
L.
a.
lythraceae:
Cuphea gracilis
malpighiaceae:
c; B.
rea
Byrsonima
verbascifolia
affinis St. Hil.
Malvaceae:
MNE:
P.
A
a;
L. C. Rich.
furcellatus
H.B.K.
Maranta
var.
ornata
Wurdack
Clidemia
var.
Kunth
villosa
squarrosa
Desr.
orbiculata
Aciotis
crassipes (Naud.)
H.B.K. NE.
coccolobaefolia
S; Tetrapteris
speciosa
melastomaceae:
Griseb.
(L.)
Hibiscus
marantaceae:
402
Swallen
pectinatum
P.
trinii
Dandy
Benth.
bicornis
Andropogon
O. Ktze. A a;
P. contractum
(L);
Nash
A
Hil.
a.
guianensis
var.
Echinolaena
NE;
Ischaemum
Lam. A
P.
a c;
E;
brevifolium
humiriaceae: Humiria
A
Kunth
5 a; Erianthus
multirameum Henr. G a; Setaria
stipoides (H.B.KJ
glan-
c
5.
Chase
Mesosetum cayennense
c;
A
a
a
Lam.
Webster a;
racemosa
hispida (Willd.)
purpusii (Mez)
(P);
Eichl. S
Henr. N c; A.
gentilis
granularis (L.)
nervosum
NE
St.
brasiliensis
a; Lisianthus
Hack. A
(Hack.)
tenuifolium
NE;
Raddiella
Schizachyrium
NE a,
A.
(Nees)
a
Henr.
Trin,
Mez
polychaetum
A
S.
R. et
albidulum
maculosum
Steud.
P.
(P);
NE
N.
S a;
c; Arundinella
Ekman
M.
(L);
c
rudgei
c; P.
Paspalum
P.
Nees
(H.B.K.)
Chase
a
a
A
pohliana Progel
(Aubl.) Lwbg.
NE a; A.
Hitchc. b
(H.B.K.)
contracta
Ruhl.
(Poir.)
palustris (L.)
fo.
Griseb.
uliginosus
(H.B.K.) Dandy
A a;
cirrosum
adustus
Knobl.
(Aubl.)
L.
N a,
ramosa
MN; Hypogynium virgatum (Desv.)
Chase
A
(P);
NE
P. Beauv. A a; Hackelochloa
1.
fo.
NE a; S.
Kuhlm.
pulcher
C.
b;
lingua (Camb.)
var.
incarnata
Rupr.
chrysites
pus
Sw.
Aubl.
A a; A. selloanus
A. tincta Trin. et
sG;
Aubl.
Cham.
zizanoides
leucostachyus
G
Arg.
S c; S.
linearifolia, fo. pilosa Lanj.
Rechsteineria
gesneriaceae:
umbellatus
Arg. sG; Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.)
ramosa
brachyptera
c; S.
a
Ruhl.
(Koern.)
Ruhl.
(Poir.)
sipaliwinensis Lanj. E; Euphorbia
silvestris
grandiflorus
L.
Schultesia
gramineae:
Müll.
S. caulescens
(L);
Mull.
Aubl. A a; Curtia tenuifolia
spicata
a;
C.
anomalus
S; Syngonanthus
c
Ruhl.
corchorioides
a;
Coutoubea
gentianaceae:
NE
N
Lanj.
flacourtiaceae:
C.
L.
glandulosus
Kunth
Gleason
Brown)
gracilis (Bong.)
Caperonia
euphorbiaceae:
Croton
S.
S;
humboldtii
E.
(N.
VAN DONSELAAR
(Griseb.)
Pavonia
a:
hostmannii
(Koern.)
Gleason
MN(E);
G
A.
A a; B. crassifolia
Griseb.
Giirke
A.
N
a
Uitt.
MNE
S c;
a;
P.
Sida
C.
A
Rich.
a
MNE a; Cama-
sessiliflora
linifolia
Myrosma
purpurascens
D. Don var.
L.
(L).
sG;
Triana
limnobios(DC.)TnanaA;
capitellata (Bonpl.)
(L.)
spathulata Ndz.
Griseb.
julianae
K. Schum.
b;
fo.
A.
cannifolia
MN
b;
L.
Acta Bot. Need.
A
a
f. S
c.
a.
Acisanthera
recurva(L.
dependens (D. Don)
H.B.K.
Cav.
C.
Rich.)
Macbr. A
17(5),
Oct.
b;
1968
PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC
C. hirta
D. Don
(L.)
Naud.
(Aubl.)
rufescens
DC.
(Aubl.)
Mart.
MN
musaceae;
S
M.
a;
L.
psittacorum
Sauvagesia
erecta
nervosa
Cleistes
f.
palmae: Mauritia
Bowdichia
Vahl
var.?;
C.
flexuosa
MNE
Benth. S
a
C.
c;
H.B.K.
Sw.
(Aubl.)
A
A
a
invisa
Na
St. Hil.
sprengelii
c; S.
NEac;
NE
a.
Lindl.
amazonica
C.
a;
parviflorum
H. trifida
Schltr.;
(S).
Poir.
MNE
DC.
D.
A a; C.
P.
c;
sessiliflora
penelliana
(Benth.)
A
S a; P.
A
a
A
axillare
c;
(Sw.)
G. Don A
c; E.
a
MNE
brasilianum
H.B.K. MNE
acutifolia
var.
DC.
A;
A
A;
guianensis
G. Don
(H.B.K.)
S
c:
A a; Phaseolus
peduncularis
P.
c;
a
c; c.
A
Kuntze
Dioclea
G. Don
MNE a;
gracilis (H.B.K.) Vog.
Hasse
Vog.
ramosa
Poir.
(Aubl.)
H.B.K. A
c;
his-
maypurensis
E. rufum
c;
a
C. laurifolia
DC.
trichocarpus Wright
var.
c,
a
violaceum
A
a; Cassia
C.
MN:
Vog.
ex
A
Centrosema
a;
C.
b;
Desv.
Amsh.
G
a
H.B.K. A
longepedunculatus
(Poir.)
Irwin
Benth.
Willd.
paniculata
mucunoides
cajamfolium (H.B.K.)
(H.B.K.)
G. Don
c; A.
a
Calopogonium
anagyroides
c;
Hassl.
Polygala adenophora
G
P.
a;
Adiantum
H.B.K.
Stylosanthes guianen-
a;
Tephrosia
purpurea
a.
Borreria
Kuhn
et
(Kl.)
A
Kuntze MN a; Diodia
MUIl.
Arg.
tensis Aubl. A
schizaeaceae:
a
c; S.
Anemia
ahenobarba
(Christ)
scrophulariaceae;
sterculiaceae:
S a;
Mickel
Mart.
DC.
hirsuta
Selaginella
densifolia
S a;
1968
indicum
c; p.
Burm. f. A
a;
arachnoideum (Kaulf.)
van
B. verticillata
Brem.
discolor
NE
a
E;
Miq.
c; Sabicea
A.
(L.)
D.
G. F. W.
NE
a
c;
(Aubl.)
Melasma
Sw.
Spreng.
Palicourea
romboutsii
S
b;
a
b;
MME
(Willd.
ex
Guettarda
rigida
Brem. E;
H.B.K.
Sipanea
pra-
surinamensis Brem. E.
A.
ferruginea
L. volubile
c;
Meyer
fruticosa
sarmentosa Sw.
pallida Gard.;
B.
melampyroides (L.
Sw.
rosea
C.
H.B.K. var.
a.
H.B.K.
Rich.)
NE
Pennell
a
c;
A
b.
Spruce.
Loefl. A
a; Helicteres
A a; Waltheria americana
Oct.
N
b.
NE; Lygodium venustum
scabra
latifolia
var.
mollis
a c.
K. Schum. MNE a; Declieuxia
pulchnstipula
MNE a;
H.B.K.
H.B.K. fo.
Blechnum
(L.) Bonap.
Morton
oblongifolia (Cav.) Sw.;
Buettneria
17(5),
mollis
c.
Mitracarpus
var.
a: P.
glaberrima(Brem.) Steyerm. E; Tocoyena
Fawc. et Rendle
Acta Bot. Need.
a
P.)
Buchnera palustris
hispidula
selaginellaceae:
S c;
Aubl.
Willd.
caudatum
ssp.
hostmannii
capitata (R.
angustifolia
c; P.
a
H.B.K. S c; P. timoutou Aubl. NE
montana Aubl.
S c; Perama hirsuta
MNE
H.B.K. A
serrato-dentatum
Thelypteris
a;
DC.
hygrophila
c; P. subtilis
a
aquilinum (L.)
spruceana
(Mill.)
Mimosa
c:
quinquedentatumAmsh. E;
cristatum
Habenaria
a;
c;
Coccocypsalum guianense (Aubl.)
Gerardia
St. Hil.
rigida Miq.
Desmodium
a;
A
guianensis
var.
Roupala
proteaceae:
S.)
Benth.
terminera
c; Psidium
a
Cytropodium
brevipes
var.
crinitum
MNE A
St. Hil.
Pteridium
R. et
N
guianensis (Aubl.)
A
(Benth.)
a; T.
polypodiaceae:
rubiaceae:
C.
b;
a c.
Crotalaria
Benth.
Chodat
ex
paludosa
Herter
c;
Rhynchanthera grandmora
Piper amplectens (Miq.) DC. (P).
piperaceae:
Hil.
DC.
Schltr.
patellaria
Desv.
Desv.
(L.)
A a; Eriosema
polygalaceae:
a;
L. f. S
simplicifolium (H.B.K.)
Pers.
b;
a.
a; J.
Lindl.
H.B.K. NE
(L);
c
pterocaula
barbatum
(L.)
A
M.
a
L. b.
Clitoria
c;
Juss.
var. clitorioides
St.
a
tetraphylla
rubiginosa
sis
barrelled
virgilioides
pidula
linearis
DC.
b;
A
DC. A
rubiginosa (Bonpl.)
c.
NE
rubiginosa
a;
Aeschynomene hystrix
papilionaceae:
E.
A
A
Poir.
Lindl.
rosea
Otostylis brachystalix (Reichb. f.)
oxalidaceae: Oxalis
Benth.
S
Benth.
L. A a; S.
LindI.aorô/Galeandrajuncea
C.
A a; M.
c.
onaoraceae:Jussiaea
orchidaceae:
c;
c; Comolia
N.
(H.B.K.) Berg
s.tenella Lam. N
D.
a
ibaguensis (Bonpl.) Triana
c; M.
a
DC.
Mart. A
G a; Desmocelis villosa
NEa.
DC.
Eugenia punicifolia (H.B.K.)
ochnaceae:
(Aubl.)
Benth.
a.
salutare
(L.)
Aubl.
SURINAM
a: C. rubra
stenostachya
aspera
surinamensis
DC. S
(Aubl.)
ovalifolia
Cissampelos
Heliconia
myrtaceae:
P.
DC.
Calliandra
mimosaceae:
(Aubl.)
alata
racemosa
S a; Tibouchina
menispermaceae:
OF SOUTHERN
G a; C. veronicaefolia
lythrarioides
M.
S;
FLORA
elegans (Aubl.) Griseb.
var.
S a; Miconia
Benth.
macrothyrsa
M.
ON THE SAVANNA
Naud. var.
lythrarioides
(Aubl.)
NOTES
pentandra
L. A
L. S
b;
Melochia
villosa
a.
403
J. VAN
hirtus L.
Turnera
verbenaceae;
Amasonia
Cissus
vochysiaceae:
xyridaceae:
Smith
Abolboda
X.
Luehea
L.
A
b;
pulchella
(Miq.)
Moldenke
NE
C. subrhomboidea
convallariodora
St. Hil.
H. et B.
macrocephala Vahl
Mart,
surinamensis
var.
guianensis
var.
paniculata
campestris (Aubl.)
L. C. Rich.
erosa
Salvertia
Nac;
S;
ulmifolia
turneraceae:
vitaceae:
Giirke
Symplocos guianensis (Aubl.)
symplocaceae:
tiliaceae: Corchorus
A
NE
a
S
Xyris
c;
Urb.
a
G
a.
S.
NE
a
c.
c.
(Baker)
Planch.
NE.
c.
fallax
X. savannensis
b;
et Zucc.
DONSELAAR
Malme
Miq.
var.
a; X. malmeana
glabrata Seub.
L. B,
N.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author is
English
indebted to
Mr.
L. Y. Th. Westra for his critical remarks
and correction of the
text.
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het
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ao
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Veg.
Bol. Mus. Paraense E. Goeldi
(5);
near
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voor
25
K. U.
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publ. as
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17(5),
Oct.
1968