Chapter 7:
Complex masonry structures
Producing external obtuse angle
These types of angles are normally produced using purpose-made bricks known
as squint bricks. Shown below are two bonding arrangements used for
producing obtuse angles.
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© Pearson Education Limited, 2008. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
Chapter 7:
Complex masonry structures
Producing external obtuse angle
As with acute angles, an alternative method can be used at the quoin in order to
avoid using costly, specially made bricks.
www.pearsonfe.co.uk/brickworklevel3
© Pearson Education Limited, 2008. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
Chapter 7:
Complex masonry structures
Producing internal obtuse angle
The preferred method of constructing internal obtuse angles is by using a
purpose-made brick known as a ‘dogleg’.
Shown below are two bonding arrangements used for producing internal
obtuse angles.
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2
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© Pearson Education Limited, 2008. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
Theory session – Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures Year: Duration: 1 hour 7.3 Axed arches Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures Learning outcomes The learner will be able to:
· state the difference between rough and axed arches
· describe how the voussoirs of an axed arch are marked out and cut
· outine how axed arches are constructed. Tutor activity
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Start a discussion on the differences between rough and axed arches.
Explain how the voussoirs of an axed arch are marked out and cut.
Describe the methods used for constructing axed arches.
Recap the objectives and question learners to ensure learning has taken place.
Answer any questions that the learners pose on this topic. Learner activity
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Contribute to the discussion relating to the differences between rough and axed arches.
Describe how the voussoirs of an axed arch are marked out and cut.
State how axed arches are constructed.
Answer the tutor’s questions and pose questions of their own to reinforce learning.
Complete Activity 7.3 ‘Axed arches’. Resources
· Brickwork NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 3, 2nd Edition, Chapter 7
· relevant visual aids: overhead projector and transparencies, flipchart, PowerPoint presentation Evaluation Evaluated by:
· Activity 7.3 ‘Axed arches’
· oral questioning.
Brickworks: NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 3 Tutor Resource Disk 2nd edition www.pearsonfe.co.uk/brickworklevel3
1 of 1 Practical session – Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures Year: Duration: 3 hours 7.3 Convex curved brickwork (2) Tutor guidance notes Learning outcomes The learner will be able to:
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accurately fix trammel to main walling
accurately position and mark bricks in readiness for cutting
accurately cut bricks in readiness for laying
lay cut bricks to form convex curved feature. Tutor activity
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Demonstrate how to fix trammel to main walling.
Show how to position and mark bricks in readiness for cutting.
Demonstrate how to cut bricks accurately in readiness for laying.
Show how to lay cut bricks to form convex curved feature.
Observe and advise learners while they are practising. Learner activity
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Observe the demonstrations, take mental or written notes and ask questions.
Correctly fix trammel to main walling.
Accurately position and mark bricks in readiness for cutting.
Accurately cut marked bricks in readiness for laying.
Lay cut bricks to form convex curved feature.
Take note of constructive comments for improvement.
Observe all the health and safety requirements when carrying out the activities. Resources
appropriate bricklaying tools
appropriate marking and cutting tools and equipment
timber or suitable materials for joint spacing during marking process
appropriate fixing components for trammel fixing plate
· tutor­produced drawing and specification for convex curved brickwork ·
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Evaluation Assessment observations and questioning contained within:
· assessor­produced practical task
· oral questioning.
Brickworks: NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 3 Tutor Resource Disk 2nd edition www.pearsonfe.co.uk/brickworklevel3
1 of 1 Activity – Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures 7.3 Axed arches Tutor guidance notes Aims and objectives At the end of these activity sheets, learners should be able to:
· state the difference between rough and axed arches
· describe how the voussoirs of an axed arch are marked out and cut
· outline how axed arches are constructed. These questions and activities are not intended as formal assessment. However, the answers should be discussed with the learners as a group to ensure they have full comprehension of the subject. Individual teachers will use these questions and activities in different ways. They could be used at the end of a session to recap; used individually during the session as a ‘to­the­point’ learning tool; or used as homework. Whichever teaching method is chosen, make sure that you set and agree upon a completion date for each activity. The answers given are not exhaustive and are to be used as a guide only. Alternative, appropriate answers may be considered.
Brickworks: NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 3 Tutor Resource Disk 2nd edition www.pearsonfe.co.uk/brickworklevel3
1 of 5 Activity – Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures Candidate name: Date: 7.3 Axed arches Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures Aims and objectives At the end of these activity sheets, you should be able to:
· state the difference between rough and axed arches.
· describe how the voussoirs of an axed arch are marked out and cut
· outline how axed arches are constructed. 1 Describe the difference between rough and axed arches. 2 Fill in the missing words in this text, which is about the components of an axed arch. ____________ ____________ bricks remove the need for bricks to be cut ____ ­________ which can be time consuming and generate a high percentage of _________ bricks through the cutting process. Another major advantage with using purpose­made ____________________ or arch­bricks is that they are uniform in shape and their ______________ are accurate. 3 What is used to establish the shape of voussoirs that have to be cut to the required shape? 4 List the tools required to make a templet for establishing the shape of a voussoir used in axed arches.
Brickworks: NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 3 Tutor Resource Disk 2nd edition www.pearsonfe.co.uk/brickworklevel3
2 of 5 Activity – Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures 5. State the purpose of the procedure known as traversing. 6 Fill in the missing words from this text on constructing an axed arch. The first brick is bedded at the _____________ _____________ of the arch, and then continue to bed the remaining _________________ alternately either side of the __________ _________. This will prevent any unnecessary _____________ on either side of the arch centre. 7 What must be done to prevent unsightly mortar staining on the underneath of the arch bricks? 8. ‘You must lay all of the voussoirs on one side of the key brick while constructing the arch.’ Is this statement true or false? If false, write the true statement about laying the voussoirs.
Brickworks: NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 3 Tutor Resource Disk 2nd edition www.pearsonfe.co.uk/brickworklevel3
3 of 5 Activity – Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures 7.3 Axed arches Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures Answers 1 Describe the difference between rough and axed arches. Axed arches are constructed from cut bricks as opposed to the wedge or V­shaped joints used in the construction of rough ringed arches. 2 Fill in the missing words in this text, which is about the components of an axed arch. Purpose­made bricks remove the need for bricks to be cut on site, which can be time consuming and generate a high percentage of wasted bricks through the cutting process. Another major advantage with using purpose­made voussoirs or arch­bricks is that they are uniform in shape and their dimensions are accurate. 3 What is used to establish the shape of voussoirs that have to be cut to the required shape? A templet 4 List the tools required to make a templet for establishing the shape of a voussior used in axed arches. Trammel heads Dividers Bevel Traversing rules Measuring rule Straight edge Carpenter’s tools for cutting wood templet 5. State the purpose of the procedure known as traversing. The templet only provides a rough guide. To obtain an accurate shape, the templet must be traversed over the face of the arch to highlight any small errors in the shape. 6 Fill in the missing words from this text on constructing an axed arch. The first brick is bedded at the striking point of the arch, and then continue to bed the remaining voussoirs alternately either side of the key brick. This will prevent any unnecessary overloading on either side of the arch centre.
Brickworks: NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 3 Tutor Resource Disk 2nd edition www.pearsonfe.co.uk/brickworklevel3
4 of 5 Activity – Chapter 7: Complex masonry structures 7 What must be done to prevent unsightly mortar staining on the underneath of the arch bricks? Keep the top of the arch centre free from mortar. 8. ‘You must lay all of the voussoirs on one side of the key brick while constructing the arch.’ Is this statement true or false? If false, write the true statement about laying the voussoirs. False – bed voussoirs alternatively either side of the key brick.
Brickworks: NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 3 Tutor Resource Disk 2nd edition www.pearsonfe.co.uk/brickworklevel3
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