QUESTIONS FOR WORKING-OFF MISSED LECTURES ON DISCIPLINE
"HISTOLOGY, CYTOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY"
IN THE 2ND SEMESTER
Topic of the lecture: “Cardiovascular system”
1. Sources of development of the heart wall.
2. Name the tissue composition of the layers of the heart.
3. What is the difference between skeletal and cardiac muscles?
4. Types of cardiomyocytes and their differences.
5. How is intercalated disk built?
6. What is the difference in the structure of elastic and muscular arteries?
7. Histophysiology of the capillaries.
8. Structure of veins, special features according to their localization.
Topic of the lecture: “The organs of hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis”
1. Classification and functions of organs of hematopoiesis.
2. What is antigen-independent and antigen-dependent differentiation and
proliferation of lymphocytes?
3. Red bone marrow: topography, function, microscopic structure.
4. Thymus: the microscopic structure, functional significance.
5. Blood-thymic barrier. Endocrine function of the thymus.
6. What are the thymic corpuscles and their functional significance?
7. The structure and functional significance of the white pulp of the spleen.
8. The functional significance of the red pulp of the spleen. Blood supply to the
spleen.
9. Lymph nodes: source development, microscopic structure, functional
significance.
10. Tonsils: function, microscopic structure.
Topic of the lecture: “Histophysiology of endocrine system”
1. Morphofunctional characteristics of the endocrine system. Classification of
the endocrine organs. Central and peripheral endocrine glands.
2. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system. Hypothalamus, morphofunctional
characteristics. Neurosecretory neurons.
3. Pituitary gland: microscopic structure of adenohypophysis and
neurohypophysis.
4. Thyroid and parathyroid glands: functional significance, sources of
development, the microscopic structure.
5. Adrenal glands: general morphofunctional characteristic, sources of
development.
6. Histophysiology of adrenal cortex.
7. Histophysiology of adrenal medulla.
Topic of the lecture: “Histophysiology of sense organs”
1. Types of sensory organs(according the type of sensory cells)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Olfactory organ.
Organ of taste.
The inner ear. Microscopic structure of organ of hearing.
The inner ear. Microscopic structure of equilibrium.
Organ of vision. Microscopic structure of fibrous tunic: cornea, sclera.
Organ of vision. Microscopic structure of vascular tunic: choroid, iris,
ciliary body.
8. Organ of vision. Microscopic structure of retina.
9. Sensory receptor cells of retina.
10.Content of the eyeball: lens, vitreous body, aqueous humor.
Topic of the lecture: “Histophysiology of digestive system” (№ 1)
1. The overall plan of the structure of the digestive tube wall.
2. Esophagus: functions, microscopic structure of the wall
3. Stomach: functions and microscopic structure of the wall.
4. Histophysiology of the gastric glands
5. Small intestine: microscopic structure of the wall.
6. Histophysiology of the crypt-villus system.
7. Large intestine: functions and microscopic structure of the wall. Appendix.
Topic of the lecture: “Histophysiology of digestive system” (№ 2)
1. Liver: function, structure, blood supply
2. The structure of the classical hepatic lobule.
3. Structure and function of hepatocytes.
4. Features of blood circulation in the liver.
5. Microscopic structure of the pancreas.
6. Microscopic structure of the gallbladder wall
7. Pancreas: microscopic structure, functional value of the exocrine and
endocrine portions.
Topic of the lecture: “Histophysiology of respiratory system”
1. Respiratory system: morphofunctional characteristics, respiratory and nonrespiratory functions.
2. Respiratory passages. Microscopic structure of the larynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles, terminal bronchioles.
3. Lungs: histophysiology of respiratory portion.
4. Microscopic structure of the alveolus wall.
5. Air-blood barrier.
6. Role of pulmonary surfactant.
Topic of the lecture: “Histophysiology of the urinary system”
1. Urinary system: morphofunctional characteristics.
2. Kidney: sources of development, structure (cortex and medulla).
3. Renal corpuscle. Filtration barrier.
4. The nephron as the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Types of
nephron. Blood supply.
5. Histophysiology of the nephron.
6. Endocrine functions of kidney.
7. Ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Topic of the lecture: “Histophysiology of the male reproductive system”
1. Male reproductive system: functions and sources of development.
2. Morphofunctional characteristics of testis.
3. Spermatogenesis. The blood-testis barrier.
4. Genital ducts.
5. Accessory genital glands.
Topic of the lecture: “Histophysiology of the female reproductive system”
1. Female reproductive system: functions and sources of development.
2. Microscopic structure of the ovary.
3. Microscopic structure of the uterus.
4. Hormonal regulation of cyclical changes in the ovary.
5. Hormonal regulation of menstrual cycle.