Repaso radiación
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Diagram a simple energy balance for the troposphere. Label each
shortwave and longwave component and the directional aspects of
related flows.
What would you expect the sky color to be at an altitude of 50 km (30
mi)? Why? What factors explain the lower atmosphere’s blue color?
Define refraction. How is it related to daylength? To a rainbow? To the
beautiful colors of a sunset?
List several types of surfaces and their albedo values. Explain the
differences among these surfaces. What determines the reflectivity of a
surface?
Using Figure 4.5, explain the differences in albedo values for various
surfaces. Based upon albedo alone, which surface is cooler? Which is
warmer? Why do you think this is?
Define the concepts of transmission, absorption, diffuse radiation,
conduction, and convection.
Repaso radiación
1. What role do clouds play in the Earth–
atmosphere radiation balance? Is cloud type
important? Compare high, thin cirrus clouds and
lower, thick stratus clouds.
2. Jet contrails affect the Earth–atmosphere
balance in what ways? Describe the recent
scientific findings.
3. In what way does the presence of sulfate
aerosols affect solar radiation received at
ground level? How does it affect cloud
formation?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35109198
Repaso radiación
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What are the similarities and differences between an actual greenhouse
and the gaseous atmospheric greenhouse? Why is Earth’s greenhouse
effect changing?
In terms of surface energy balance, explain the term net radiation (NET
R).
What are the expenditure pathways for surface net radiation? What kind
of work is accomplished?
Generalize the pattern of global net radiation. How might this pattern
drive the atmospheric weather machine? (SeeFigures 4.16 and 4.17.)
What is the role played by latent heat in surface energy budgets?
In terms of energy expenditures for latent heat of evaporation, describe
the annual pattern as mapped in Figure 4.18.
Why is there a temperature lag between the highest Sun altitude and
the warmest time of day? Relate your answer to the insolation and
temperature patterns during the day.
Repaso radiación
1. Realice un diagrama de la distribución de
energía en la troposfera. Direcciones de las
ondas largas y cortas.
2. Cual es el color del cielo a una altura de 50km?
a) Scattering (dispersión)
3. Porque? Porque la atmosfera inferior es azul?
4. Defina refracción? Y como se relaciona a la
duración del día?
5. Haga una lista de las diferentes superficies y su
albedo
Repaso radiación
Refracción
Radiación en la troposfera
Dispersión
Repaso radiación
Albedo
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35496350
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6273/597
Fig. 1 Main changes in European forest management between 1750 and 2010.
Fig. 1Main changes in European
forest management between 1750
and 2010.(A) Relative distribution
(percent) of tree growth forms in 1750
and (B) 2010. Total forest area in 1750
was 1,929,000 km2 and increased to
2,126,000 km2by 2010. (C) Relative
distribution (percent) of wood extraction
strategies in 1750 and (D) 2010.
Kim Naudts et al. Science 2016;351:597-600
Published by AAAS
Fig. 2 Effects of species conversion in Europe since 1750.
Temperature changes are for
boundary layer temperature during
summer (kelvin). (A) Temperature
change due to changes in emissivity
(ΔTa,εa) caused by species conversion,
(B) changes in albedo (Δα) due to
species conversion, (C) total
temperature change (ΔTa) due to
species conversion, and (D)
correlation between species-induced
and land use–induced temperature
change. In (C), black dots denote
significant temperature changes at
the 0.05 significance level, as
determined by a modified paired onesample t test.
Kim Naudts et al. Science 2016;351:597-600
Published by AAAS
Repaso radiación
1. Cual es el papel de las nubes en el balance de la
radiación? Nubes altas contra nubes bajas
2. Como afectan las marcas de los aviones el clima en la
tierra?
3. Como se parece el efecto de invernadero de la tierra a
un invernadero real?
4. Como la distribución de la radiación sobre la tierra
empuja la maquina del clima?
5. Cual es el efecto del calor latente en la atmosfera
sobre el clima global?
6. Porque la temperatura mas alta del día no coincide
con el momento de mayor radiación?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35109198
Nubes y calentamiento
Repaso radiación
1. Describa el balance de energía en la
superficie
2. Defina radiación neta
Balance de energía en la superficie
de la tierra
NET R = SW (insolation)–SW (reflection) +LW (infrared)–LW (infrared)